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Grases-Pintó B, Torres-Castro P, Abril-Gil M, Castell M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À. TGF-β2, EGF and FGF21 influence the suckling rat intestinal maturation. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109778. [PMID: 39374742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Some of the growth factors present in breast milk, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), play important roles in the development of the intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a supplementation with TGF-β2, EGF and FGF21 on suckling rats intestinal maturation. For this purpose, Wistar rats were supplemented daily with TGF-β2, EGF or FGF21 throughout the suckling period. We evaluated the functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier through an in vivo dextran permeability assay, and by a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study. In addition, the intestinal gene expression of tight junction-associated proteins, mucins, toll-like receptors, and maturation markers was analyzed. Moreover, the intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) phenotypical composition was established.. During the suckling period, the supplementation with TGF-β2, EGF and FGF21 showed important signs of intestinal maturation. These results suggest that these molecules, present in breast milk, play a modulatory role in the maturation of the intestinal barrier function and the IEL composition during the suckling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Grases-Pintó
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Paulina Torres-Castro
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María J Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | - Àngels Franch
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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2
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Tanabe S, Quader S, Cabral H, Perkins EJ, Yokozaki H, Sasaki H. Master Regulators of Causal Networks in Intestinal- and Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer and the Relation to the RNA Virus Infection Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8821. [PMID: 39201509 PMCID: PMC11354771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Causal networks are important for understanding disease signaling alterations. To reveal the network pathways affected in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are related to the poor prognosis of cancer, the molecular networks and gene expression in diffuse- and intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC) were analyzed. The network pathways in GC were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The analysis of the probe sets in which the gene expression had significant differences between diffuse- and intestinal-type GC in RNA sequencing of the publicly available data identified 1099 causal networks in diffuse- and intestinal-type GC. Master regulators of the causal networks included lenvatinib, pyrotinib, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), mir-196, and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2). The analysis of the HDAC1-interacting network identified the involvement of EMT regulation via the growth factors pathway, the coronavirus pathogenesis pathway, and vorinostat. The network had RNA-RNA interactions with microRNAs such as mir-10, mir-15, mir-17, mir-19, mir-21, mir-223, mir-25, mir-27, mir-29, and mir-34. The molecular networks revealed in the study may lead to identifying drug targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Tanabe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Centre of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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3
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Gondolesi GE. History of clinical intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110788. [PMID: 38519405 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The intestines have been considered the "forbidden organ" for years, and intestinal failure became the last organ failure recognized as such in the medical field. The impossibility of providing adequate nutritional support, turned these patients into recipients of just palliative comfort. In the 1960's, parenteral nutrition appeared as the most reasonable replacement therapy, but the initial success obtained with clinical kidney, heart, liver, lung and pancreas transplantation served as background to explore intestinal transplantation. The first clinical report of an isolated intestinal transplant was done by Richard Lillihei in 1967; in 1983, Thomas Starzl, performed the first multi visceral transplant, and in 1990, David Grant performed the first combined liver-intestinal transplant in an adult recipient in Canada. Since then, advances in immunosuppressive therapies and surgical innovations have allowed not only a continuous increase in indications, but also a worldwide application of all procedures, bringing clinical intestinal transplantation to reality. In this historical account, the most important contributions have been summarized, thus describing the steady progress, expansion and novelties developed over the last 56 years, since the first attempt. Clinical intestinal transplantation remains a complex and evolving field; ongoing research and technological advancements will continue shaping its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Gondolesi
- Chief of General Surgery, Chief of Liver, Intestine and Pancreas Transplant, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Gravina A, Olivero F, Brindisi G, Comerci AF, Ranucci C, Fiorentini C, Sculco E, Figliozzi E, Tudini L, Matys V, De Canditiis D, Piccioni MG, Zicari AM, Anania C. Dietary Intervention during Weaning and Development of Food Allergy: What Is the State of the Art? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2769. [PMID: 38474015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) affects approximately 6-8% of children worldwide causing a significant impact on the quality of life of children and their families. In past years, the possible role of weaning in the development of FA has been studied. According to recent studies, this is still controversial and influenced by several factors, such as the type of food, the age at food introduction and family history. In this narrative review, we aimed to collect the most recent evidence about weaning and its role in FA development, organizing the gathered data based on both the type of study and the food. As shown in most of the studies included in this review, early food introduction did not show a potential protective role against FA development, and we conclude that further evidence is needed from future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gravina
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Fortunata Comerci
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ranucci
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fiorentini
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sculco
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ethel Figliozzi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Tudini
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Matys
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Piccioni
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Anania
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li C, Wu G, He Y, Tan L, Zhu K. Polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit) Pulp Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Enteritis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1661. [PMID: 38338941 PMCID: PMC10855370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) pulp (JFP-Ps) is known for its excellent bioactivities. However, its impact on small intestinal barrier function is still largely unexplored. The study aimed to examine the protection effect of JFP-Ps against dextran sodium sulfate-induced enteritis and its underlying mechanism. This research revealed that JFP-Ps mitigated small intestinal tissue damage by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in the small intestine. JFP-Ps diminished oxidative stress by bolstering the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the concentration of malondialdehyde in the small intestine. In addition, JFP-Ps may restore the mechanical barrier and inhibit intestinal structure damage by augmenting the expression of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) receptors (GPR41/43) and up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin). In conclusion, JFP-Ps may positively influence intestinal health by relieving oxidative stress in the small intestine, improving mechanical barrier function, activating the SCFA-GPR41/GPR43 axis, and inhibiting TLR4/MAPK pathway activation. The results augment our comprehension of the bioactivities of JFP-Ps, corroborating its great potential as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Yuzi Chen
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Yanfu He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lehe Tan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
- Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning 571533, China
- National Center of Important Tropical Crops Engineering and Technology Research, Wanning 571533, China
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6
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Kang J, Sha XX, Geng CJ, Li LX, Chen J, Ren FC, Tian ML. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of Penthorum chinense polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory effects. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106593. [PMID: 37696214 PMCID: PMC10498194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Penthorum chinense has been used in both food and medication for many years, and polysaccharide of which was considered as one of the bioactive compounds. However, the extraction process of polysaccharide from P. chinense (PCP) was not well optimized. Ultrasound-assisted extractionhas been widely employed in the extraction of natural products for its compliance with the concept of green and economic chemistry. To better investigate the structure and biology activity of PCP, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of PCP. The optimum extraction for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of PCP were obtained as ratio of solvent to material 40 mL/g, ultrasonic power 380 W, and extraction time of 50 min. The yield of PCP reached 8.71% under these optimized conditions. PCP was further purified by using anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration, an acidic fraction PCP-AP-1 was hereby obtained. The results of structural elucidation indicated that PCP-AP-1 was a typical pectic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 66360 Da, mainly composed of galacturonic acid (68.5 mol%), followed by arabinose (9.8 mol%), rhamnose (9.4 mol%), glucose (7.7 mol%), with homogalacturonan region and rhamnogalacturonan I regions. In vitro study showed that PCP-AP-1 could improve the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells, which was probably performed through the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways including the inhibition of TLR4, NOD1/2 and NF-κB pathway, as well as the reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study defined the type of polysaccharide present in P. chinense and revealed a potential of application this plant in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Sha
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Cai-Juan Geng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Feng-Chun Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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7
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Ruenkoed S, Nontasan S, Phudkliang J, Phudinsai P, Pongtanalert P, Panprommin D, Mongkolwit K, Wangkahart E. Effect of dietary gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulated the growth performance, immune and antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology and gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109056. [PMID: 37673386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary GABA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions in animals, but this has been rarely reported in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum antioxidant indicators, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and the gene expression of Nile tilapia. Diets containing three different GABA concentrations, 0 (control), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 500 mg/kg (GABA500), were fed to Nile tilapia (6.97 ± 0.34 g) for 56 days. The present study found that increasing dietary GABA content could increase the fish growth performance including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, protein efficiency ratio, and feed efficiency compared to the control diet. Interestingly, the feed conversion ratio was improved by dietary GABA supplementation. The antioxidant enzyme activities against ammonia stress of fish fed the GABA diets were significantly higher than the corresponding control group throughout the 96-h ammonia exposure. Moreover, significant increases in digestive enzyme activities including protease, amylase and lipase were found in fish fed the GABA diets. Intestinal morphology analysis revealed increased heights and widths of intestinal villi as well as thickness of the intestinal muscularis in fish fed the GABA diets compared to the control diet. The supplementation of diets with GABA significantly increased the expression level of immune- and growth-related genes. The above results indicate that dietary GABA can modulate the growth, improve their immune response and antioxidant status, gut health and morphology and gene expression of Nile tilapia. Therefore, GABA is a promising feed additive for Nile tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Ruenkoed
- Research Institute, Pucheng Chia Tai Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Pucheng, Fujian, 353400, China
| | - Supap Nontasan
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand; Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Mahasarakham University, Talad Sub-district, Muang, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Janjira Phudkliang
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Phudinsai
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Pongtanalert
- Research Institute, Pucheng Chia Tai Biochemistry Co., Ltd., Pucheng, Fujian, 353400, China
| | - Dutrudi Panprommin
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-district, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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8
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Shahbazi R, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Mallet JF, Sharifzad F, Alsadi N, Cuenin C, Cahais V, Chung FFL, Herceg Z, Matar C. Novel Probiotic Bacterium Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) Modulates Gut Immunity through Epigenetic Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2456. [PMID: 37894114 PMCID: PMC10609533 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut immune system homeostasis is crucial to overall host health. Immune disturbance at the gut level may lead to systemic and distant sites' immune dysfunction. Probiotics and prebiotics consumption have been shown to improve gut microbiota composition and function and enhance gut immunity. In the current study, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of viable and heat-inactivated forms of the novel probiotic bacterium Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53), as well as the prebiotic protocatechuic acid (PCA) derived from the fermentation of blueberry juice by SV-53, were examined. To this end, female Balb/c mice received probiotic (viable or heat-inactivated), prebiotic, or a mixture of viable probiotic and prebiotic in drinking water for three weeks. To better decipher the immunomodulatory effects of biotics intake, gut microbiota, gut mucosal immunity, T helper-17 (Th17) cell-related cytokines, and epigenetic modulation of Th17 cells were studied. In mice receiving viable SV-53 and PCA, a significant increase was noted in serum IgA levels and the number of IgA-producing B cells in the ileum. A significant reduction was observed in the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6, and IL-23, and expression of two proinflammatory miRNAs, miR-223 and miR425, in treated groups. In addition, heat-inactivated SV-53 exerted immunomodulatory properties by elevating the IgA concentration in the serum and reducing IL-6 and IL-23 levels in the ileum. DNA methylation analysis revealed the role of heat-inactivated SV-53 in the epigenetic regulation of genes related to Th17 and IL-17 production and function, including Il6, Il17rc, Il9, Il11, Akt1, Ikbkg, Sgk1, Cblb, and Smad4. Taken together, these findings may reflect the potential role of the novel probiotic bacterium SV-53 and prebiotic PCA in improving gut immunity and homeostasis. Further studies are required to ascertain the beneficial effects of this novel bacterium in the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-François Mallet
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Cahais
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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9
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Ballegaard ASR, Bøgh KL. Intestinal protein uptake and IgE-mediated food allergy. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112150. [PMID: 36596102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is affecting 5-8% of young children and 2-4% of adults and seems to be increasing in prevalence. The cause of the increase in food allergy is largely unknown but proposed to be influenced by both environmental and lifestyle factors. Changes in intestinal barrier functions and increased uptake of dietary proteins have been suggested to have a great impact on food allergy. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal barrier function and provide a more detailed description of intestinal protein uptake, including the various routes of epithelial transport, how it may be affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the relation to food allergy. Further, we give an overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques available for evaluation of intestinal protein uptake and gut permeability in general. Proteins are digested by gastric, pancreatic and integral brush border enzymes in order to allow for sufficient nutritional uptake. Absorption and transport of dietary proteins across the epithelial layer is known to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the proteins and their digestion fragments themselves, such as size, solubility and aggregation status. It is believed, that the greater an amount of intact protein or larger peptide fragments that is transported through the epithelial layer, and thus encountered by the mucosal immune system in the gut, the greater is the risk of inducing an adverse allergic response. Proteins may be absorbed across the epithelial barrier by means of various mechanisms, and studies have shown that a transcellular facilitated transport route unique for food allergic individuals are at play for transport of allergens, and that upon mediator release from mast cells an enhanced allergen transport via the paracellular route occurs. This is in contrast to healthy individuals where transcytosis through the enterocytes is the main route of protein uptake. Thus, knowledge on factors affecting intestinal barrier functions and methods for the determination of their impact on protein uptake may be useful in future allergenicity assessments and for development of future preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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10
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Zhao X, Qi Y, Wu T, Cheng G. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of the Jejunum Tissue Response to Colostrum and Milk Feeding in Dairy Calves during the Passive Immunity Period. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010145. [PMID: 36611753 PMCID: PMC9817995 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the feeding of calves are of increasing importance for the development of the dairy industry. While colostrum is essential for the health of newborn calves, knowledge of protein phosphorylation alterations in neonatal calves that are fed colostrum or mature milk is lacking. Here, mid-jejunum tissue samples were collected from calves that received colostrum or milk. Subsequently, the jejunum phosphoproteome was analyzed using a phosphopeptide enrichment method, i.e., titanium immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 2093 phosphopeptides carrying unique 1851 phosphorylation sites corresponding to 1180 phosphoproteins were identified. Of the 1180 phosphoproteins, 314 phosphorylation sites on 241 proteins were differentially expressed between the groups. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the phosphoproteins were strongly associated with developmental and macromolecule metabolic processes, signal transduction, and responses to stimuli and insulin. Pathway analysis showed that the spliceosome, Hippo, insulin, and neurotrophin signaling pathways were enriched. These results reveal the expression pattern and changes in the function of phosphoproteins in bovine jejunum tissues under different feeding conditions and provide further insights into the crucial role of colostrum feeding during the early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-551-65146065; Fax: +86-551-62160275
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Meng Q, Zhang Y, Li J, Shi B, Ma Q, Shan A. Lycopene Affects Intestinal Barrier Function and the Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets via Antioxidant Signaling Regulation. J Nutr 2022; 152:2396-2408. [PMID: 36774106 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pig production, early and abrupt weaning frequently causes weaning stress, which manifests as oxidative damage, barrier disruption, and digestion and absorption capacity declines. Lycopene exhibits beneficial antioxidant capacity in both humans and other animal models. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation on early weaning stress in piglets and the underlying mechanisms by examining the oxidative stress state, gut intestinal barrier function, and the gut microbiota. METHODS Twenty-four 21-day-old weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire); castrated males; 5.48 ± 0.10 kg initial body weight] were randomly assigned to 2 treatments. The piglets were fed a basal diet (control treatment) or a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg lycopene (lycopene treatment) for 28 days. The serum lipid levels, serum and jejunum enzyme activities, jejunum morphology, mRNA and protein expression, and gut microbiota were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment, lycopene supplementation increased the serum catalase activity (P = 0.042; 62.0%); serum total cholesterol concentration (P = 0.020; 14.1%); and jejunum superoxide dismutase activity (P = 0.032; 21.4%), whereas it decreased serum (P = 0.039, 23.0%) and jejunum (P = 0.047; 20.9%) hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Additionally, lycopene increased the mRNA and protein expression of NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor 2 (214.0% and 102.4%, respectively) and CD36 (100.8% and 145.2%, respectively) in the jejunum, whereas it decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (55.6% and 39.8%, respectively ). Lycopene also improved jejunal morphology, increasing the villus height (P = 0.018; 27.5%) and villus:crypt ratio (P < 0.001; 57.9%). Furthermore, it increased the abundances of potentially beneficial bacterial groups, including Phascolarctobacterium and Parasutterella, and decreased those of potentially pathogenic bacterial groups, including Treponema_2 and Prevotellaceae_unclassified. CONCLUSIONS Lycopene supplementation strengthens the intestinal barrier function and improves the gut microbiota in weaned piglets by regulating intestinal antioxidant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jibo Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingquan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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12
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Zhao XW, Zhu HL, Qi YX, Wu T, Huang DW, Cheng GL, Yang YX, Bu DP, Hu H, Meng LF. Regulatory role of phosphoproteins in the development of bovine small intestine during early life. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9240-9252. [PMID: 36175223 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient digestion and absorption, which plays a key role in the survival of neonatal calves. A comprehensive assessment of the phosphoproteomic changes in the small intestine of neonatal calves is unavailable; therefore, we used phosphopeptide enrichment coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the phosphoproteome profile in the bovine small intestine during the first 36 h of life. Twelve neonatal male calves were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) calves not fed colostrum and slaughtered approximately 2 h postpartum (n = 3), (2) calves fed colostrum at 1 to 2 h and slaughtered 8 h postpartum (n = 3), (3) calves fed 2 colostrum meals (at 1-2 and 10-12 h) and slaughtered 24 h postpartum (n = 3), (4) calves fed 3 colostrum meals (at 1-2, 10-12, and 22-24 h) and slaughtered 36 h postpartum (n = 3). Mid-duodenal, jejunal, and ileal samples of the calves were collected after slaughter. We identified 1,678 phosphoproteins with approximately 3,080 phosphosites, which were mainly Ser (89.9%), Thr (9.8%), and Tyr (0.3%) residues; they belonged to the prodirected (52.9%), basic (20.4%), acidic (16.6%), and Tyr-directed (1.7%) motif categories. The regional differentially expressed phosphoproteins included zonula occludens 2, sorting nexin 12, and protein kinase C, which are mainly associated with developmental processes, intracellular transport, vesicle-mediated transport, and immune system process. They are enriched in the endocytosis, tight junction, insulin signaling, and focal adhesion pathways. The temporal differentially expressed phosphoproteins included occludin, epsin 1, and bridging integrator 1, which were mainly associated with macromolecule metabolic process, cell adhesion, and growth. They were enriched in the spliceosomes, adherens junctions, and tight junctions. The observed changes in the phosphoproteins in the tissues of small intestine suggest the protein phosphorylation plays an important role in nutrient transport and immune response of calves during early life, which needs to be confirmed in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H L Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y X Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - T Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - D W Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G L Cheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y X Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - L F Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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13
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Salt-Sensitive Ileal Microbiota Plays a Role in Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Deficiency-Induced Cardiac Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153129. [PMID: 35956306 PMCID: PMC9370783 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) activity deficiency contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension in humans and mice. However, the role of ileal microbiota in salt sensitivity in ANP deficiency-related cardiac injury has not been investigated yet. This study used ANP−/− mice to analyze the role of the salt-sensitive ileal microbiome on cardiac injury. ANP−/− mice showed an increase in blood pressure (BP), the heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio, and cardiac hypertrophy compared with wild-type (WT) mice. ANP deficiency did not impact the histological structure but reduced occludin expression in the ileum. Antibiotics significantly relieved BP and cardiac hypertrophy in ANP−/− mice. A high-salt diet (HSD) increased BP, the HW/BW ratio, and cardiac hypertrophy/fibrosis in WT and ANP−/− mice, and an HSD treatment in ANP−/− mice exacerbated these cardiac parameters. The HSD markedly decreased muscularis layer thickening, villus length, and numbers of Paneth and goblet cells in the ileum of WT and ANP−/− mice. Furthermore, the HSD increased the level of TLR4 and IL-1β in ANP−/− mice ileum compared with WT mice. Antibiotics reduced the HW/BW ratio, cardiac hypertrophy/fibrosis, and the level of TLR4 and IL-1β in the ileum, and rescued the muscularis layer thickening, villus length, and numbers of Paneth and goblet cells in the ileum of HSD-ANP−/− mice. Importantly, ANP deficiency induced the colonization of Burkholderiales bacterium YL45, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum on the NSD diet, which was only observed in HSD-induced WT mice but not in WT mice on the NSD. Besides, the HSD significantly enhanced the sum of the percentage of the colonization of Burkholderiales bacterium YL45, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of ANP−/− mice. Ileal microbiota transfer (IMT) from ANP−/− mice to healthy C57BL/6J mice drove Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri colonization in the ileum, which manifested an increase in BP, the HW/BW ratio, cardiac hypertrophy, and ileal pathology compared with IMT from WT mice. The HSD in C57BL/6J mice with IMT from ANP−/− mice drove the colonization of Burkholderiales bacterium YL45, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum and further exacerbated the cardiac and ileal pathology. Our results suggest that salt-sensitive ileal microbiota is probably related to ANP deficiency-induced cardiac injury.
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14
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G, Chiran DA. Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147719. [PMID: 35887067 PMCID: PMC9322892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world’s population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
| | - Dragos Andrei Chiran
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii St., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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15
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G, Chiran DA. Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35887067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147719.pmid:35887067;pmcid:pmc9322892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world's population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dragos Andrei Chiran
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii St., 700115 Iasi, Romania
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16
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Toxoplasma gondii Infection Decreases Intestinal 5-Lipoxygenase Expression, while Exogenous LTB 4 Controls Parasite Growth. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0002922. [PMID: 35658510 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00029-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is an enzyme required for the production of leukotrienes and lipoxins and interferes with parasitic infections. In vitro, Toxoplasma gondii inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production, and mice deficient in 5-LO are highly susceptible to infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of the 5-LO pathway and exogenous LTB4 supplementation during experimental toxoplasmosis. For this purpose, susceptible C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with T. gondii and treated with LTB4 or MK886 (a selective leukotriene inhibitor through inhibition of 5-LO-activating protein [FLAP]). The parasitism, histology, and immunological parameters were analyzed. The infection decreased 5-LO expression in the small intestine, and treatment with MK886 reinforced this reduction during infection; in addition, MK886-treated infected mice presented higher intestinal parasitism, which was associated with lower local interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. In contrast, treatment with LTB4 controlled parasite replication in the small intestine, liver, and lung and decreased pulmonary pathology. Interestingly, treatment with LTB4 also preserved the number of Paneth cells and increased α-defensins expression and IgA levels in the small intestine of infected mice. Altogether, these data demonstrated that T. gondii infection is associated with a decrease in 5-LO expression, and on the other hand, treatment with the 5-LO pathway product LTB4 resulted in better control of parasite growth in the organs, adding to the knowledge about the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection.
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17
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Zhang L, Liu F, Xue J, Lee SA, Liu L, Riordan SM. Bacterial Species Associated With Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Pathogenic Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:801892. [PMID: 35283816 PMCID: PMC8908260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. The pathogenesis of IBD results from immune responses to microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. Various bacterial species that are associated with human IBD have been identified. However, the microbes that trigger the development of human IBD are still not clear. Here we review bacterial species that are associated with human IBD and their pathogenic mechanisms to provide an updated broad understanding of this research field. IBD is an inflammatory syndrome rather than a single disease. We propose a three-stage pathogenesis model to illustrate the roles of different IBD-associated bacterial species and gut commensal bacteria in the development of human IBD. Finally, we recommend microbe-targeted therapeutic strategies based on the three-stage pathogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Xue
- Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Seul A. Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Papadopoulos VE, Skarlis C, Evangelopoulos ME, Mavragani CP. Type I interferon detection in autoimmune diseases: challenges and clinical applications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:883-903. [PMID: 34096436 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1939686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating data highlights that the dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathways plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Advances in understanding the role of type I IFNs in these disorders can lead to targeted drug development as well as establishing potential disease biomarkers. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of type I IFNs in the major systemic, as well as organ-specific, autoimmune disorders, including prominent inflammatory CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis. EXPERT OPINION Type I IFN involvement and its clinical associations in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases represents a promising area for research aiming to unveil common pathogenetic pathways in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis E Papadopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abdelnaby H, Ndiaye NC, D'Amico F, Fouad AM, Hassan S, Elshafey A, Al Hashash W, Faisal M, Alshamali Y, Al-Taweel T, Peyrin-Biroulet L. NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms (P268S, IVS8 +158, G908R, L1007fs, R702W) among Kuwaiti patients with Crohn's disease: A case-control study. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:249-256. [PMID: 34341249 PMCID: PMC8448012 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_613_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing two (NOD2/CARD15) gene polymorphisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). AIM To describe the allelic frequency of NOD2/CARD15 gene variants among Kuwaiti patients with CD and investigate potential genotype/phenotype associations. METHODS Adult Kuwaiti citizens with an established diagnosis of CD and healthy controls were enrolled from October 2018 to May 2020. Three common NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms (R702W, G908R, and L1007fs) and P268S and IVS8+158 polymorphisms were screened by polymerase chain reaction/restriction analysis length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP). RESULTS Ninety adult Kuwaiti patients with CD and 210 healthy subjects (as controls) were recruited. P268S, IVS8+158, G908R, and R702W minor alleles were identified in 38.9%, 21.1%, 12.2%, and 4.4% of CD patients, respectively. NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms coexisted in 35 healthy controls (16.7%) and 21 CD patients (23.3%). Individuals with either a single or multiple polymorphism were approximately two times more likely to have CD than those with no polymorphism. Patients with multiple polymorphisms had significantly more stricturing and penetrating disease. CONCLUSION NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of disease and aggressive phenotypes among the Kuwaiti CD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdelnaby
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait,Address for correspondence: Dr. Hassan Abdelnaby, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box (5) 13001 Safat,. E-mail:
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Inserm U1256 « Nutrition – Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks - NGERE », University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Ferdinando D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ismailia, Italy
| | - Sameh Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Alaa Elshafey
- Medical Genetics, Pediatric Department, Menofia University, Egypt,Kuwait Medical Genetic Centre, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Wafaa Al Hashash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Faisal
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yousef Alshamali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Talal Al-Taweel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256 « Nutrition – Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks - NGERE », University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France,InsermU954, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
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20
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Ondari E, Calvino-Sanles E, First NJ, Gestal MC. Eosinophils and Bacteria, the Beginning of a Story. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8004. [PMID: 34360770 PMCID: PMC8347986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes primarily associated with TH2 responses to parasites or immune hyper-reactive states, such as asthma, allergies, or eosinophilic esophagitis. However, it does not make sense from an evolutionary standpoint to maintain a cell type that is only specific for parasitic infections and that otherwise is somehow harmful to the host. In recent years, there has been a shift in the perception of these cells. Eosinophils have recently been recognized as regulators of immune homeostasis and suppressors of over-reactive pro-inflammatory responses by secreting specific molecules that dampen the immune response. Their role during parasitic infections has been well investigated, and their versatility during immune responses to helminths includes antigen presentation as well as modulation of T cell responses. Although it is known that eosinophils can present antigens during viral infections, there are still many mechanistic aspects of the involvement of eosinophils during viral infections that remain to be elucidated. However, are eosinophils able to respond to bacterial infections? Recent literature indicates that Helicobacter pylori triggers TH2 responses mediated by eosinophils; this promotes anti-inflammatory responses that might be involved in the long-term persistent infection caused by this pathogen. Apparently and on the contrary, in the respiratory tract, eosinophils promote TH17 pro-inflammatory responses during Bordetella bronchiseptica infection, and they are, in fact, critical for early clearance of bacteria from the respiratory tract. However, eosinophils are also intertwined with microbiota, and up to now, it is not clear if microbiota regulates eosinophils or vice versa, or how this connection influences immune responses. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of eosinophils as regulators of pro and anti-inflammatory responses in the context of both infection and naïve conditions. We propose questions and future directions that might open novel research avenues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monica C. Gestal
- LSU Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University (LSU), Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.O.); (E.C.-S.); (N.J.F.)
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21
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Jia PP, Junaid M, Wen PP, Yang YF, Li WG, Yang XG, Pei DS. Role of germ-free animal models in understanding interactions of gut microbiota to host and environmental health: A special reference to zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116925. [PMID: 33744636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pieces of evidence documented the importance of gut microbiota in regulating human health and evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants, which are closely related to the host health in various aspects, including nutrition, energy translation, metabolism, pathogen resistance, and immune function. A variety of environmental factors can disrupt gut microbiota and their functions, and inevitably cause immune diseases, obesity and diabetes. However, deciphering the inner mechanisms involved in the functional interaction of gut microbes with host health is still needed extensive investigations. This review focused on the essential roles of intestinal microbes in host-related diseases and highlighted the development and applications of germ-free (GF) animal models, mainly zebrafish. Moreover, the generation, immunity characters, advantages and challenges of GF zebrafish models were also summarized. Importantly, the composition and isolation of zebrafish gut bacteria for further application and toxicity evaluation of aquatic environmental pollutants were also discussed. In conclusion, GF zebrafish play irreplaceable roles in understanding the potential functions and responses of customized microbiota towards human and environmental health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ping-Ping Wen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xian-Guang Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Melnik BC, Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Schmitz G. Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060851. [PMID: 34200323 PMCID: PMC8228670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5241-988060
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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23
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Balakrishnan B, Luckey D, Bodhke R, Chen J, Marietta E, Jeraldo P, Murray J, Taneja V. Prevotella histicola Protects From Arthritis by Expansion of Allobaculum and Augmenting Butyrate Production in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609644. [PMID: 34017324 PMCID: PMC8130672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial therapeutics are the emergent alternatives in treating autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA]. P. histicola MCI 001 is one such therapeutic bacterium that has been proven to treat autoimmune diseases such as RA and multiple sclerosis [MS] in animal models. The present study characterized P. histicola MCI 001 isolated from a human duodenal biopsy, and evaluated its impact on the gut microbial and metabolic profile in a longitudinal study using the collagen-induced arthritis model in HLA-DQ8.AEo transgenic mice. P. histicola MCI 001 though closely related to the type strain of P. histicola, DSM 19854, differed in utilizing glycerol. In culture, P. histicola MCI 001 produced vitamins such as biotin and folate, and was involved in digesting complex carbohydrates and production of acetate. Colonization study showed that duodenum was the predominant niche for the gavaged MCI 001. A longitudinal follow-up of gut microbial profile in arthritic mice treated with MCI 001 suggested that dysbiosis caused due to arthritis was partially restored to the profile of naïve mice after treatment. A taxon-level analysis suggested an expansion of intestinal genus Allobaculum in MCI001 treated arthritic mice. Eubiosis achieved post treatment with P. histicola MCI 001 was also reflected in the increased production of short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]. Present study suggests that the treatment with P. histicola MCI 001 leads to an expansion of Allobaculum by increasing the availability of simple carbohydrates and acetate. Restoration of microbial profile and metabolites like butyrate induce immune and gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Rahul Bodhke
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,National Center for Microbial Resource, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric Marietta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Patricio Jeraldo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joseph Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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24
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Wu H, Wang Y, Li H, Meng L, Zheng N, Wang J. Effect of Food Endotoxin on Infant Health. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:298. [PMID: 33922125 PMCID: PMC8143472 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin is a complex molecule derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it has strong thermal stability. The processing of infant food can kill pathogenic bacteria but cannot remove endotoxin. Because the intestinal structure of infants is not fully developed, residual endotoxin poses a threat to their health by damaging the intestinal flora and inducing intestinal inflammation, obesity, and sepsis, among others. This paper discusses the sources and contents of endotoxin in infant food and methods for preventing endotoxin from harming infants. However, there is no clear evidence that endotoxin levels in infant food cause significant immune symptoms or even diseases in infants. However, in order to improve the safety level of infant food and reduce the endotoxin content, this issue should not be ignored. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for manufacturers and consumers to understand the possible harm of endotoxin content in infant formula milk powder and to explore how to reduce its level in infant formula milk powder. Generally, producers should focus on cleaning the milk source, securing the cold chain, avoiding long-distance transportation, and shortening the storage time of raw milk to reduce the level of bacteria and endotoxin. After production and processing, the endotoxin content should be measured as an important index to test the quality of infant formula milk powder so as to provide high-quality infant products for the healthy growth of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (L.M.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (L.M.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (L.M.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (L.M.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (L.M.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Autophagy and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric fat tissue of patients with Crohn's disease. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Recently, mesenteric fat has been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiol- ogy of Crohn's disease (CD), as fat hypertrophy is detected close to the affected intestinal area; however, there are few studies regarding autophagy and creeping fat tissue in CD.
Objective Evaluate autophagy-related proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in intestinal mucosa and mesenteric fat in patients with CD and controls.
Patients and methods Ten patients with CD, eight with non-inflammatory disease who underwent surgery, and eight with normal ileocolonoscopy were studied. The expression of LC3-II, TNF-α and IL-23 was determined by immunoblot of protein extracts. In addition, total RNA of LC3 and Atg16-L1 were determined using RT-PCR.
Results The expression of LC3-II was significantly lower in the mesenteric tissue of CD when compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, the intestinal mucosa of the CD group had higher levels of LC3-II (p < 0.05). However, mRNA expression of autophagy-related pro- teins was similar when compared to mesenteric fat groups. TNF-α and IL-23 expressions were higher in intestinal mucosa of CD than in control (p < 0.05).
Conclusion These findings suggest a defect in the autophagic activity of the creeping fat tissue in CD, which could be involved with the maintenance of the inflammatory process in the intestinal mucosa.
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26
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Ye S, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Aguilar GS, Turner JR, Walker ME, Chai Z, Lakshman S, Urban JF, Lichtenstein AH. Western and heart healthy dietary patterns differentially affect the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108577. [PMID: 33388349 PMCID: PMC8982565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet quality and statin therapy are established modulators of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, but their effect on the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent sequelae that could affect CAD progression are relatively unexplored. To address this gap, Ossabaw pigs (N = 32) were randomly assigned to receive isocaloric amounts of a Western-type diet (WD; high in saturated fat, refined carbohydrate, and cholesterol, and low in fiber) or a heart healthy-type diet (HHD; high in unsaturated fat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, supplemented with fish oil, and low in cholesterol), with or without atorvastatin, for 6 months. At the end of the study, RNA sequencing with 100 base pair single end reads on NextSeq 500 platform was conducted in isolated pig jejunal mucosa. A two-factor edgeR analysis revealed that the dietary patterns resulted in three differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism (SCD, FADS1, and SQLE). The expression of these genes was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerotic lesion severity. Subsequent gene enrichment analysis indicated the WD, compared to the HHD, resulted in higher interferon signaling and inflammation, with some of these genes being significantly associated with serum TNF-α and/or hsCRP concentrations, but not atherosclerotic lesion severity. No significant effect of atorvastatin therapy on gene expression, nor its interaction with dietary patterns, was identified. In conclusion, Western and heart healthy-type dietary patterns differentially affect the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Ye
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Solano Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Chai
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, Department of Nutritional Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Lyons T, Jahns H, Brady J, O'Hara E, Waters SM, Kenny D, Doyle E, Meade KG. Integrated analyses of the microbiological, immunological and ontological transitions in the calf ileum during early life. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21264. [PMID: 33277514 PMCID: PMC7718239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberdeen Angus calves were sacrificed from immediately post-birth up to 96 days of age (DOA) and ileal samples were collected for microbial, histological and immunological analyses. Firmicutes bacteria were established immediately in the ileum of calves after birth and remained the dominant phyla at all time points from birth until 96 DOA. Temporal shifts in phyla reflected significantly increased Bacteroidetes at birth followed by temporal increases in Actinobacteria abundance over time. At a cellular level, a significant increase in cell density was detected in the ileal villi over time. The innate cell compartment at birth was composed primarily of eosinophils and macrophages with a low proportion of adaptive T lymphocytes; whereas an increase in the relative abundance of T cells (including those in the intra-epithelial layer) was observed over time. The ileal intestinal cells were immunologically competent as assessed by expression levels of genes encoding the inflammasome sensor NLRP3, and inflammatory cytokines IL1A, IL1B and IL33-all of which significantly increased from birth. In contrast, a temporal reduction in genes encoding anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 was detected from birth. This study provides an integrated baseline of microbiological, histological and immunological data on the immune adaptation of the neonatal ileum to microbial colonisation in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Lyons
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Hanne Jahns
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Brady
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eóin O'Hara
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, County Meath, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, County Meath, Ireland
| | - David Kenny
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Evelyn Doyle
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Kieran G Meade
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, County Meath, Ireland. .,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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28
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Yu J, He X, Wei A, Liu T, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Hao Z, Yang L, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Hao C, Liu Z, Li W. HPS1 Regulates the Maturation of Large Dense Core Vesicles and Lysozyme Secretion in Paneth Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:560110. [PMID: 33224134 PMCID: PMC7674556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HPS1, a BLOC-3 subunit that acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Rab32/38, may play a role in the removal of VAMP7 during the maturation of large dense core vesicles of Paneth cells. Loss of HPS1 impairs lysozyme secretion and alters the composition of intestinal microbiota, which may explain the susceptibility of HPS-associated inflammatory bowel disease. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and other chronic organ lesions due to defects in tissue-specific lysosome-related organelles (LROs). For some HPS subtypes, such as HPS-1, it is common to have symptoms of HPS-associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, its underlying mechanism is largely unknown. HPS1 is a subunit of the BLOC-3 complex which functions in the biogenesis of LROs. Large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) in Paneth cells of the intestine are a type of LROs. We here first report the abnormal LDCV morphology (increased number and enlarged size) in HPS1-deficient pale ear (ep) mice. Similar to its role in melanosome maturation, HPS1 plays an important function in the removal of VAMP7 from LDCVs to promote the maturation of LDCVs. The immature LDCVs in ep mice are defective in regulated secretion of lysozyme, a key anti-microbial peptide in the intestine. We observed changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota in both HPS-1 patients and ep mice. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanism of HPS-associated IBD development, which may be implicated in possible therapeutic intervention of this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Di W, Lv Y, Xia F, Sheng Y, Liu J, Ding G. Improvement of intestinal stem cells and barrier function via energy restriction in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Nutr Res 2020; 81:47-57. [PMID: 32877836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the impact of energy restriction on the intestine via structural and molecular changes in terms of intestinal stem cell (ISC) function, ISC niche, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immune function. Female C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 months, fed a commercial chow were used in this study. The ISC function, ISC niche, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immune function were assessed. Energy restriction reversed aging-induced intestinal shortening and made the crypts shallower. The intestinal epithelial cells isolated from the intestine showed a significant increase in the expression levels of stem cell-associated genes in small intestinal epithelial cells as detected by flow cytometry. Despite the increase in the number of stem cells and the expression levels of markers, no increase or decrease was found in the enteroid complexity of the small intestine and colonic enteroid formation in vitro. The colonic mucous layer was measured in mice of the energy restricted (ER)-treated group to investigate the epithelial barrier function in the colon. The results revealed that the barrier was more complete. The fluorescence intensity of tight junction markers claudin-2 and zonula occludens-1 increased and the mRNA expression profiles of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and interleukin-6 decreased in the colon of mice in the ER-treated group. The beneficial effects of ER on the colon in terms of the integrity of the mucosal barrier and alleviation of inflammation were confirmed, thus highlighting the importance of modulating the intestinal function in developing effective antiaging dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Di
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlu Sheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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30
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The duodenal microbiome is altered in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234906. [PMID: 32645011 PMCID: PMC7347122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is highly prevalent and is associated with numerous gastrointestinal disorders, but the microbes involved remain poorly defined. Moreover, existing studies of microbiome alterations in SIBO have utilized stool samples, which are not representative of the entire gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we aimed to determine and compare the duodenal microbiome composition in SIBO and non-SIBO subjects, using duodenal aspirates from subjects undergoing standard-of-care esophagogastroduodenoscopy without colon preparation. Using the recently-redefined cutoff for SIBO of >103 colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL), 42 SIBO and 98 non-SIBO subjects were identified. Duodenal samples from SIBO subjects had 4x103-fold higher counts than non-SIBO subjects when plated on MacConkey agar (P<0.0001), and 3.8-fold higher counts when plated on blood agar (P<0.0001). Twenty subjects had also undergone lactulose hydrogen breath tests (LHBTs), of whom 7/20 had SIBO. At the 90-minute timepoint, 4/7 SIBO subjects had positive LHBTs (rise in hydrogen (H2) ≥ 20 ppm above baseline), as compared to 2/13 non-SIBO subjects. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing revealed that SIBO subjects had 4.31-fold higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria (FDR P<0.0001) and 1.64-fold lower Firmicutes (P<0.0003) than non-SIBO subjects. This increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria correlated with decreased α-diversity in SIBO subjects (Spearman R = 0.4866, P<0.0001) Specific increases in class Gammaproteobacteria correlated with the area-under-the-curve for H2 for 0-90 mins during LHBT (R = 0.630, P = 0.002). Increases in Gammaproteobacteria resulted primarily from higher relative abundances of the family Enterobacteriaceae (FDR P<0.0001), which correlated with the symptom of bloating (Spearman R = 0.185, 2-tailed P = 0.028). Increases in family Aeromonadaceae correlated with urgency with bowel movement (Spearman R = 0.186, 2-tailed P = 0.028). These results validate the >103 CFU/mL cutoff for the definition of SIBO, and also reveal specific overgrowth of Proteobacteria in SIBO vs. non-SIBO subjects, coupled with an altered Proteobacterial profile that correlates with symptom severity. Future research may elucidate host-microbiome interactions underlying these symptoms in SIBO patients.
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Triplett J, Ellis D, Braddock A, Roberts E, Ingram K, Perez E, Short A, Brown D, Hutzley V, Webb C, Soto A, Chan V. Temporal and region-specific effects of sleep fragmentation on gut microbiota and intestinal morphology in Sprague Dawley rats. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:706-720. [PMID: 31924109 PMCID: PMC7524289 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1701352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental biological process, that when repeatedly disrupted, can result in severe health consequences. Recent studies suggest that both sleep fragmentation (SF) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome can lead to metabolic disorders, though the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. To better understand the consequences of SF, we investigated the effects of acute (6 days) and chronic (6 weeks) SF on rats by examining taxonomic profiles of microbiota in the distal ileum, cecum and proximal colon, as well as assessing structural and functional integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier. We further assayed the impact of SF on a host function by evaluating inflammation and immune response. Both acute and chronic SF induced microbial dysbiosis, more dramatically in the distal ileum (compared to other two regions studied), as noted by significant perturbations in alpha- and beta-diversity; though, specific microbial populations were significantly altered throughout each of the three regions. Furthermore, chronic SF resulted in increased crypt depth in the distal ileum and an increase in the number of villi lining both the cecum and proximal colon. Additional changes were noted with chronic SF, including: decreased microbial adhesion and penetration in the distal ileum and cecum, elevation in serum levels of the cytokine KC/GRO, and depressed levels of corticotropin. Importantly, our data show that perturbations to microbial ecology and intestinal morphology intensify in response to prolonged SF and these changes are habitat specific. Together, these results reveal consequences to gut microbiota homeostasis and host response following acute and chronic SF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Triplett
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - David Ellis
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Amber Braddock
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Erin Roberts
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Katherine Ingram
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Eric Perez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Short
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dominique Brown
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHXJ), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Victoria Hutzley
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHXJ), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Chelsey Webb
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHXJ), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Armando Soto
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHXJ), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Victor Chan
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHXJ), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA,CONTACT Victor Chan Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHXJ), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
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Xie S, Jiang L, Wang M, Sun W, Yu S, Turner JR, Yu Q. Cadmium ingestion exacerbates Salmonella infection, with a loss of goblet cells through activation of Notch signaling pathways by ROS in the intestine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122262. [PMID: 32062544 PMCID: PMC10639089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Whether cadmium ingestion affects the susceptibility to infection and the detailed mechanism have not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium on the intestinal mucosal barrier and Salmonella infection. We found that oral administration of cadmium caused damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, with body weight loss, an increase in inflammation, significantly reduced Muc2 expression and goblet cell loss in the intestine. The effect of cadmium on secretory cell differentiation was further demonstrated to be regulated by the overactivation of the Notch signaling pathway by increased production of ROS both in mice and in intestinal organoids. The damage of cadmium to the intestinal barrier, and goblet cell and Paneth cells loss, dramatically increased susceptibility to enteropathogensinfection at a low dose (102 CFU), with a high death ratio, body weight loss and severe intestinal inflammation. However, enteropathogens susceptibility and intestinal barrier damage enhanced by cadmium was alleviated by inhibiting ROS production and Notch pathway activation, with reversion of goblet cell loss. This study indicated cadmium didn't only affect the integrity of intestinal barrier and epithelial differentiation, but also increased the risk of enteropathogenic infection from food contamination or environmental pollution, which signals an alarm for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Lan Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Siyong Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qinghua Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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Guedj A, Volman Y, Geiger-Maor A, Bolik J, Schumacher N, Künzel S, Baines JF, Nevo Y, Elgavish S, Galun E, Amsalem H, Schmidt-Arras D, Rachmilewitz J. Gut microbiota shape 'inflamm-ageing' cytokines and account for age-dependent decline in DNA damage repair. Gut 2020; 69:1064-1075. [PMID: 31586932 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Failing to properly repair damaged DNA drives the ageing process. Furthermore, age-related inflammation contributes to the manifestation of ageing. Recently, we demonstrated that the efficiency of repair of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) rapidly declines with age. We therefore hypothesised that with age, the decline in DNA damage repair stems from age-related inflammation. DESIGN We used DEN-induced DNA damage in mouse livers and compared the efficiency of their resolution in different ages and following various permutations aimed at manipulating the liver age-related inflammation. RESULTS We found that age-related deregulation of innate immunity was linked to altered gut microbiota. Consequently, antibiotic treatment, MyD88 ablation or germ-free mice had reduced cytokine expression and improved DSBs rejoining in 6-month-old mice. In contrast, feeding young mice with a high-fat diet enhanced inflammation and facilitated the decline in DSBs repair. This latter effect was reversed by antibiotic treatment. Kupffer cell replenishment or their inactivation with gadolinium chloride reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression and reversed the decline in DSBs repair. The addition of proinflammatory cytokines ablated DSBs rejoining mediated by macrophage-derived heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results reveal a previously unrecognised link between commensal bacteria-induced inflammation that results in age-dependent decline in DNA damage repair. Importantly, the present study support the notion of a cell non-autonomous mechanism for age-related decline in DNA damage repair that is based on the presence of 'inflamm-ageing' cytokines in the tissue microenvironment, rather than an intrinsic cellular deficiency in the DNA repair machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Guedj
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Volman
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Geiger-Maor
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julia Bolik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sven Künzel
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck, Plön, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Amsalem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital-Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Rachmilewitz
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Fang L, Cai W, Liu S, Canela-Xandri O, Gao Y, Jiang J, Rawlik K, Li B, Schroeder SG, Rosen BD, Li CJ, Sonstegard TS, Alexander LJ, Van Tassell CP, VanRaden PM, Cole JB, Yu Y, Zhang S, Tenesa A, Ma L, Liu GE. Comprehensive analyses of 723 transcriptomes enhance genetic and biological interpretations for complex traits in cattle. Genome Res 2020; 30:790-801. [PMID: 32424068 PMCID: PMC7263193 DOI: 10.1101/gr.250704.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By uniformly analyzing 723 RNA-seq data from 91 tissues and cell types, we built a comprehensive gene atlas and studied tissue specificity of genes in cattle. We demonstrated that tissue-specific genes significantly reflected the tissue-relevant biology, showing distinct promoter methylation and evolution patterns (e.g., brain-specific genes evolve slowest, whereas testis-specific genes evolve fastest). Through integrative analyses of those tissue-specific genes with large-scale genome-wide association studies, we detected relevant tissues/cell types and candidate genes for 45 economically important traits in cattle, including blood/immune system (e.g., CCDC88C) for male fertility, brain (e.g., TRIM46 and RAB6A) for milk production, and multiple growth-related tissues (e.g., FGF6 and CCND2) for body conformation. We validated these findings by using epigenomic data across major somatic tissues and sperm. Collectively, our findings provided novel insights into the genetic and biological mechanisms underlying complex traits in cattle, and our transcriptome atlas can serve as a primary source for biological interpretation, functional validation, studies of adaptive evolution, and genomic improvement in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhao Fang
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Wentao Cai
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Oriol Canela-Xandri
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Yahui Gao
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jicai Jiang
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Bingjie Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Steven G Schroeder
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Cong-Jun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | | | - Leeson J Alexander
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Curtis P Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Paul M VanRaden
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - John B Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Albert Tenesa
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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Farré R, Fiorani M, Abdu Rahiman S, Matteoli G. Intestinal Permeability, Inflammation and the Role of Nutrients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041185. [PMID: 32340206 PMCID: PMC7231157 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between host and external environment mainly occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, where the mucosal barrier has a critical role in many physiologic functions ranging from digestion, absorption, and metabolism. This barrier allows the passage and absorption of nutrients, but at the same time, it must regulate the contact between luminal antigens and the immune system, confining undesirable products to the lumen. Diet is an important regulator of the mucosal barrier, and the cross-talk among dietary factors, the immune system, and microbiota is crucial for the modulation of intestinal permeability and for the maintenance of gastrointestinal tract (GI) homeostasis. In the present review, we will discuss the role of a number of dietary nutrients that have been proposed as regulators of inflammation and epithelial barrier function. We will also consider the metabolic function of the microbiota, which is capable of elaborating the diverse nutrients and synthesizing products of great interest. Better knowledge of the influence of dietary nutrients on inflammation and barrier function can be important for the future development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with mucosal barrier dysfunction, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many GI and non-GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Farré
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.F.); (S.A.R.); (G.M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-34-57-52
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.F.); (S.A.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Saeed Abdu Rahiman
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.F.); (S.A.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.F.); (S.A.R.); (G.M.)
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Rabah H, do Carmo FLR, Carvalho RDDO, Cordeiro BF, da Silva SH, Oliveira ER, Lemos L, Cara DC, Faria AMC, Garric G, Harel-Oger M, Le Loir Y, Azevedo V, Bouguen G, Jan G. Beneficial Propionibacteria within a Probiotic Emmental Cheese: Impact on Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Colitis in Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E380. [PMID: 32156075 PMCID: PMC7142753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis (UC), coincide with alterations in the gut microbiota. Consumption of immunomodulatory strains of probiotic bacteria may induce or prolong remission in UC patients. Fermented foods, including cheeses, constitute major vectors for bacteria consumption. New evidences revealed anti-inflammatory effects in selected strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. We thus hypothesized that consumption of a functional cheese, fermented by such a strain, may exert a positive effect on IBD. METHODS We investigated the impact of cheese fermented by P. freudenreichii on gut inflammation. We developed an experimental single-strain cheese solely fermented by a selected immunomodulatory strain of P. freudenreichii, CIRM-BIA 129. We moreover produced, in industrial conditions, an Emmental cheese using the same strain, in combination with Lactobacillus delbrueckii CNRZ327 and Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9, as starters. Consumption of both cheeses was investigated with respect to prevention of Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. RESULTS Consumption of the single-strain experimental cheese, or of the industrial Emmental, both fermented by P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129, reduced severity of subsequent DSS-induced colitis, weight loss, disease activity index and histological score. Both treatments, in a preventive way, reduced small bowel Immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion, restored occludin gene expression and prevented induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), Interferon γ (IFNγ) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17). CONCLUSIONS A combination of immunomodulatory strains of starter bacteria can be used to manufacture an anti-inflammatory cheese, as revealed in an animal model of colitis. This opens new perspectives for personalised nutrition in the context of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houem Rabah
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35 000 Rennes, France
- Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Régions Bretagne et Pays de la Loire, F-35 042 Rennes, France
| | - Fillipe Luiz Rosa do Carmo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Fernandes Cordeiro
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sara Heloisa da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Rosa Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lemos
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yves Le Loir
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Bouguen
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, CIC1414, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35 000 Rennes, France
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Andreou NP, Legaki E, Gazouli M. Inflammatory bowel disease pathobiology: the role of the interferon signature. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:125-133. [PMID: 32127733 PMCID: PMC7049232 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear, but includes both inflammatory and autoimmune reactions. Current methodological approaches could better elucidate the cytokine pathways and the genetics involved in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that play a key role in autoimmune/inflammatory disorders because of their pro- and anti-inflammatory properties as well as their immunoregulatory functions. An increased expression of IFN-regulated genes, widely known as an IFN signature, has been reported in blood and tissue from patients with autoimmune disorders. In this review, we present the function as well as the clinical and therapeutic potential of the IFN signature. Current data demonstrate that the IFN signature can be used as a biomarker that defines disease activity in autoimmune diseases, although this has not been thoroughly studied in IBD. Consequently, further investigation of the IFN signature in IBD would be essential for a better understanding of its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaos-Panagiotis Andreou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wang M, Wu H, Lu L, Jiang L, Yu Q. Lactobacillus reuteri Promotes Intestinal Development and Regulates Mucosal Immune Function in Newborn Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:42. [PMID: 32118065 PMCID: PMC7018766 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is necessary for the guarantee of intestinal mucosal barrier. However, the detailed effect of probiotics on porcine intestinal development, especially in the early life, is still unclear. In this study, we treated 3-day-old newborn piglets with Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) D8 and observed its beneficial effect on piglets. The body weights, villus height, and crypt depth of jejunum were all significantly increased after L. reuteri treatment in piglets. L. reuteri also significantly increased the proliferation index of PCNA+ cells in the crypt, as well as c-Myc and Tcf4 expressions. Furthermore, L. reuteri also enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier with the increase of goblet cells and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expressions of Muc2, Lyz1, and pBD1. The well development of Peyer's patches and increased number of CD3+ T cells, combined with increased expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ, also demonstrated the immune stimulation effect of L. reuteri D8. This study demonstrated that L. reuteri promotes the development of intestine mucosal system and maintains intestinal mucosal barrier in newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiqin Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhao Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Recent progress on pathophysiology, inflammation and defense mechanism of mast cells against invading microbes: inhibitory effect of IL-37. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:447-454. [PMID: 32140058 PMCID: PMC7050054 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have historically been considered masters of allergy, but there is substantial evidence supporting their contribution to tissue microorganism clearance. Their activation through the cross-linking of bound IgE provokes mast cell degranulation and activates tyrosine kinase (Syk and Lyn), leading to cytokine/chemokine generation and release. Current consensus holds that mast cells participate in the body’s defense against numerous pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, but also contribute to the inflammatory response induced by these biological agents. In the light of the latest findings, we describe the cross-talk between mast cells and pathogenic microorganisms. This review summarizes our current understanding of the host immune response, with emphasis on the roles of MCs and the cytokine/chemokine network in provoking inflammation and generating protective immunity. This review addresses the ability of microorganisms to activate MCs provoking inflammation. We describe some MC-specific biological activities related to infections and discuss the evidence of MC mechanisms involved in the microbial activation which cause cytokine/chemokine generation-mediated inflammation, and provide a description of novel functions of mast cells during microbial infection. Interleukin (IL)-37 binds the α chain of the IL-18 receptor and suppresses MyD88-mediated inflammatory responses. IL-37 plays a pathological role in certain infections by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF. Here we report the interrelationship between IL-37, inflammatory cytokines and mast cells. Our report offers opportunities for the design of new therapeutic interventions in inflamed tissue induced by microorganism infections, acting on manipulation of mast cells and/or inflammatory cytokine blockage.
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Dotinga BM, Mintzer JP, Moore JE, Hulscher JBF, Bos AF, Kooi EMW. Maturation of Intestinal Oxygenation: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications for Preterm Neonates. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:354. [PMID: 32719756 PMCID: PMC7347753 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient requirements of preterm neonates may be substantial, to support growth and maturation processes in the presence of challenging post-natal circumstances. This may be accompanied by substantial intestinal oxygen requirements. Preterm neonates may not be able to meet these oxygen requirements, due to a developmental delay in intestinal oxygenation regulation mechanisms. This review summarizes the available literature on post-natal maturation of intestinal oxygenation mechanisms and translates these changes into clinical observations and potential implications for preterm neonates. The different mechanisms that may be involved in regulation of intestinal oxygenation, regardless of post-natal age, are first discussed. The contribution of these mechanisms to intestinal oxygenation regulation is then evaluated in newborn and mature intestine. Finally, the course of clinical observations is used to translate these findings to potential implications for preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baukje M Dotinga
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Mintzer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | - James E Moore
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Jan B F Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arend F Bos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Zhang YG, Zhu X, Lu R, Messer JS, Xia Y, Chang EB, Sun J. Intestinal epithelial HMGB1 inhibits bacterial infection via STAT3 regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1935-1953. [PMID: 30894054 PMCID: PMC6844505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is considered as a damage-associated molecular pattern protein. However, little is known about its intracellular role. We studied the mechanism whereby intestinal epithelial HMGB1 contributes to host defense, using cell culture, colonoids, conditional intestinal epithelial HMGB1-knockout mice with Salmonella-colitis, il10-/- mice, and human samples. We report that intestinal HMGB1 is an important contributor to host protection from inflammation and infection. We identified a physical interaction between HMGB1 and STAT3. Lacking intestinal epithelial HMGB1 led to redistribution of STAT3 and activation of STAT3 post bacterial infection. Indeed, Salmonella-infected HMGB1-deficient cells exhibited less macroautophagy/autophagy due to decreased expression of autophagy proteins and transcriptional repression by activated STAT3. Then, increased p-STAT3 and extranuclear STAT3 reduced autophagic responses and increased inflammation. STAT3 inhibition restored autophagic responses and reduced bacterial invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, low level of HMGB1 was correlated with reduced nuclear STAT3 and enhanced p-STAT3 in inflamed intestine of il10-/- mice and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We revealed that colonic epithelial HMGB1 was directly involved in the suppression of STAT3 activation and the protection of intestine from bacterial infection and injury. Abbreviations: ATG16L1: autophagy-related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae); DAMP: damage-associated molecular pattern; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IL1B/Il-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL10: interleukin 10; IL17/IL-17: interleukin 17; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeannette S. Messer
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Li M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Cui H, Zhu SJ, Qiu HJ. Mucosal vaccines: Strategies and challenges. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:116-125. [PMID: 31669546 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunization has potential benefits over conventional parenteral immunization, eliciting immune defense in both mucosal and systemic tissue for protecting from pathogen invasion at mucosal surfaces. To provide a first line of protection at these entry ports, mucosal vaccines have been developed and hold a significant promise for reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, until very recently, only limited mucosal vaccines are available. This review summarizes recent advances in selected aspects regarding mucosal vaccination, including appropriate administration routes, reasonable formulations, antigen-sampling and immune responses of mucosal immunity, and the strategies used to improve mucosal vaccine efficacy. Finally, the challenges of developing successful mucosal vaccines and the potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shu J Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Avian Expression Patterns and Genomic Mapping Implicate Leptin in Digestion and TNF in Immunity, Suggesting That Their Interacting Adipokine Role Has Been Acquired Only in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184489. [PMID: 31514326 PMCID: PMC6770569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, leptin and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) are prominent interacting adipokines mediating appetite control and insulin sensitivity. While TNF pleiotropically functions in immune defense and cell survival, leptin is largely confined to signaling energy stores in adipocytes. Knowledge about the function of avian leptin and TNF is limited and they are absent or lowly expressed in adipose, respectively. Employing radiation-hybrid mapping and FISH-TSA, we mapped TNF and its syntenic genes to chicken chromosome 16 within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. This mapping position suggests that avian TNF has a role in regulating immune response. To test its possible interaction with leptin within the immune system and beyond, we compared the transcription patterns of TNF, leptin and their cognate receptors obtained by meta-analysis of GenBank RNA-seq data. While expression of leptin and its receptor (LEPR) were detected in the brain and digestive tract, TNF and its receptor mRNAs were primarily found in viral-infected and LPS-treated leukocytes. We confirmed leptin expression in the duodenum by immunohistochemistry staining. Altogether, we suggest that whereas leptin and TNF interact as adipokines in mammals, in birds, they have distinct roles. Thus, the interaction between leptin and TNF may be unique to mammals.
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Gao Y, Sun Q, Yang X, Lu W, Zhao Y, Ge W, Yang Y, Xu X, Zhang J. Orally administered salecan ameliorates methotrexate-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:105-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Porcine lactoferrin-derived peptide LFP-20 modulates immune homoeostasis to defend lipopolysaccharide-triggered intestinal inflammation in mice. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1255-1263. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe performance of immune system is vital for defending the body from pathogens, and it plays a crucial role in health homoeostasis. In a previous study, we have shown that LFP-20, a twenty-amino acid antimicrobial peptide in the N terminus of porcine lactoferrin, modulated inflammatory response in colitis. Here, we further investigated the effects of LFP-20 on immune homoeostasis to elucidate the mechanism of its anti-inflammation action. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered systemic inflammatory response mice model was established. On the basis of observed mucosal lesions and apoptosis in small intestine, we found increased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in ileum after LPS stimulation. Expectedly, LFP-20 pre-treatment attenuated the LPS-mediated immune disorders in ileum. Moreover, the flow cytometry results indicated pre-treatment with LFP-20 sustained the balance of CD3+CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells in LPS-triggered immune disturbance. Simultaneously, we demonstrated LFP-20 modulated the secretion of both activated Th1-related IL-12p70, interferon-γ, TNF-α and Th2-related IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. Furthermore, we found LFP-20 facilitated a balanced Th1 and Th2 response, which triggered cellular defence mechanisms and induced B cells to produce opsonising antibodies belonging to certain IgG subclasses to defend against LPS stimulation. Collectively, our study indicated pre-treatment with LFP-20 could defend against LPS-triggered systemic inflammatory response in mice via modulating immune homoeostasis.
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Kikuchi Y, Matsuo M, Nabeta C, Akahoshi A, Minami H. Elemental Diet Regulates Intestinal Permeability and Antibody Production in Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Injury Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:31-37. [PMID: 30814409 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Administration of indomethacin (Indo) to rats induces acute mucosal lesions similar to those observed in Crohn's disease patients, but the damage can be prevented by feeding the animals an elemental diet (ED). In this study, we examined changes in intestinal macroscopic appearance, permeability, and immunoglobulin production after administration of Indo to male Sprague-Dawley rats fed normal lab chow or an ED. Intestinal damage was induced by subcutaneous injection of Indo on two successive days. Mucosal permeability, as measured by urinary excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein, peaked on day 2 after Indo injection, whereas the most severe intestinal damage, as scored by macroscopic inflammatory changes, was observed on day 3. Flow cytometric analysis of mesenteric lymph node cells revealed that the proportion of CD45RA+ cells was increased after Indo treatment. Furthermore, in vitro-cultured mesenteric lymph node and spleen lymphocytes from Indo-treated rats produced higher levels of IgA and IgG than did cells from vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, IgG and albumin concentrations in plasma were significantly decreased by Indo administration. Notably, none of the Indo-induced changes was observed in ED-fed rats. These findings suggest that an ED may prevent the appearance of Indo-induced mucosal lesions, at least in part, by modulating intestinal permeability and antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kikuchi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University.,Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Mariko Matsuo
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Chiaki Nabeta
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Asuka Akahoshi
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Hisanori Minami
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
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47
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Ma N, Ma X. Dietary Amino Acids and the Gut-Microbiome-Immune Axis: Physiological Metabolism and Therapeutic Prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:221-242. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural Univ.; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural Univ.; Beijing 100193 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Shihezi Univ.; Xinjiang 832003 China
- Dept. of Internal Medicine; Dept. of Biochemistry; Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX 75390 USA
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Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent and devastating gastrointestinal disease of premature infants. Although the precise mechanisms are not fully understood, NEC is thought to develop following a combination of prematurity, formula feeding, and adverse microbial colonization. Within the last decade, studies increasingly support an important role of a heightened mucosal immune response initiating a pro-inflammatory signaling cascade, which can lead to the disruption of the intestinal epithelium and translocation of pathogenic species. In this review, we first describe the cellular composition of the intestinal epithelium and its critical role in maintaining epithelial integrity. We then discuss cell signaling during NEC, specifically, toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors. We further review cytokines and cellular components that characterize the innate and adaptive immune systems and how they interact to support or modulate NEC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A Mara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joern-Hendrik Weitkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Earley AM, Graves CL, Shiau CE. Critical Role for a Subset of Intestinal Macrophages in Shaping Gut Microbiota in Adult Zebrafish. Cell Rep 2018; 25:424-436. [PMID: 30304682 PMCID: PMC6245655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is strongly influenced by environmental factors, although host contribution is far less understood. We leveraged macrophage-deficient interferon regulatory factor irf8 zebrafish mutants to investigate the role of macrophages in this process. In conventionally raised adult irf8-deficient mutants, we found a significant loss of intestinal macrophages associated with a strikingly altered gut microbiota when compared to co-housed siblings. The destabilization of the gut commensal microbiota was associated with a severe reduction in complement C1q genes and outgrowth of a rare bacterial species. Consistent with a critical function of irf8 in adult intestinal macrophages, irf8 is abundantly expressed in these cells normally, and restoring macrophage irf8 expression in irf8 mutants was sufficient to recover commensal microbes and C1q genes expression. This study reports an important subpopulation of intestinal macrophages that requires irf8 to establish in the gut, ensure normal colonization of gut microbes, and prevent immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Earley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christina L Graves
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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50
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Fernandes R, Viana SD, Nunes S, Reis F. Diabetic gut microbiota dysbiosis as an inflammaging and immunosenescence condition that fosters progression of retinopathy and nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1876-1897. [PMID: 30287404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and life expectancy of diabetic patients fosters the worldwide prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy, two major microvascular complications that have been difficult to treat with contemporary glucose-lowering medications. The gut microbiota (GM) has become a lively field research in the last years; there is a growing recognition that altered intestinal microbiota composition and function can directly impact the phenomenon of ageing and age-related disorders. In fact, human GM, envisaged as a potential source of novel therapeutics, strongly modulates host immunity and metabolism. It is now clear that gut dysbiosis and their products (e.g. p-cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine‑N‑oxide) dictate a secretory associated senescence phenotype and chronic low-grade inflammation, features shared in the physiological process of ageing ("inflammaging") as well as in T2DM ("metaflammation") and in its microvascular complications. This review provides an in-depth look on the crosstalk between GM, host immunity and metabolism. Further, it characterizes human GM signatures of elderly and T2DM patients. Finally, a comprehensive scrutiny of recent molecular findings (e.g. epigenetic changes) underlying causal relationships between GM dysbiosis and diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy complications is pinpointed, with the ultimate goal to unravel potential pathophysiological mechanisms that may be explored, in a near future, as personalized disease-modifying therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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