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Lu R, Li Y, Xu A, King B, Ruan KH. Reprogramming Megakaryocytes for Controlled Release of Platelet-like Particles Carrying a Single-Chain Thromboxane A 2 Receptor-G-Protein Complex with Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2023; 12:2775. [PMID: 38132095 PMCID: PMC10741393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported that novel single-chain fusion proteins linking thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP) to a selected G-protein α-subunit q (SC-TP-Gαq) or to α-subunit s (SC-TP-Gαs) could be stably expressed in megakaryocytes (MKs). We tested the MK-released platelet-linked particles (PLPs) to be used as a vehicle to deliver the overexpressed SC-TP-Gαq or the SC-TP-Gαs to regulate human platelet function. To understand how the single-chain TP-Gα fusion proteins could regulate opposite platelet activities by an identical ligand TXA2, we tested their dual functions-binding to ligands and directly linking to different signaling pathways within a single polypeptide chain-using a 3D structural model. The immature MKs were cultured and transfected with cDNAs constructed from structural models of the individual SC-TP-Gαq and SC-TP-Gαs, respectively. After transient expression was identified, the immature MKs stably expressing SC-TP-Gαq or SC-TP-Gαs (stable cell lines) were selected. The stable cell lines were induced into mature MKs which released PLPs. Western blot analysis confirmed that the released PLPs were carrying the recombinant SC-TP-Gαq or SC-TP-Gαs. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the PLPs carrying SC-TP-Gαq were able to perform the activity by promoting platelet aggregation. In contrast, PLPs carrying SC-TP-Gαs reversed Gq to Gs signaling to inhibit platelet aggregation. This is the first time demonstrating that SC-TP-Gαq and SC-TP-Gαs were successfully overexpressed in MK cells and released as PLPs with proper folding and programmed biological activities. This bio-engineering led to the formation of two sets of biologically active PLP forms mediating calcium and cAMP signaling, respectively. As a result, these PLPs are able to bind to identical endogenous TXA2 with opposite activities, inhibiting and promoting platelet aggregation as reprogrammed for therapeutic process. Results also demonstrated that the nucleus-free PLPs could be used to deliver recombinant membrane-bound GPCRs to regulate cellular activity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ke-He Ruan
- The Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (B.K.)
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2
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Liu ZR, Zhang YM, Cui ZL, Tong W. Effects of thrombopoietin pre-treatment on peri-liver transplantation thrombocytopenia in a mouse model of cirrhosis with hypersplenism. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2115-2122. [PMID: 37969704 PMCID: PMC10642473 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i10.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cirrhosis, the liver is impaired and unable to synthesize and clear thrombopoietin properly. At the same time, the spleen assumes the function of hemofiltration and storage due to liver dysfunction, resulting in hypersplenism and excessive removal of platelets in the spleen, further reducing platelet count. When liver function is decompensated in cirrhotic patients, the decrease of thrombopoietin (TPO) synthesis is the main reason for the decrease of new platelet production. This change of TPO leads to thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism. AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) in the treatment of perioperative thrombocytopenia during liver transplantation in cirrhotic mice with hypersplenism. METHODS C57BL/6J mice and TPO receptor-deficient mice were used to establish models of cirrhosis with hypersplenism. Subsequently, these mice underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The mice in the experimental group were given rhTPO treatment for 3 consecutive days before surgery and 5 consecutive days after surgery, while the mice in the control group received the same dose of saline at the same frequency. Differences in liver function and platelet counts were determined between the experimental and control groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the expression of TPO and TPO receptor (c-Mpl) in the blood. RESULTS Preoperative administration of rhTPO significantly improved peri-OLT thrombocytopenia in mice with cirrhosis and hypersplenism. Blocking the expression of TPO receptors exacerbated peri-OLT thrombocytopenia. The concentration of TPO decreased while the concentration of c-Mpl increased in compensation in the mouse model of cirrhosis with hypersplenism. TPO pre-treatment significantly increased the postoperative TPO concentration in mice, which in turn led to a decrease in the c-Mpl concentration. TPO pre-treatment also significantly enhanced the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway protein expressions in bone marrow stem cells of the C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, the administration of TPO, both before and after surgery, regulated the levels of biochemical indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the C57BL/6J mice. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment with TPO not only exhibited therapeutic effects on perioperative thrombocytopenia in the mice with cirrhosis and hypersplenism, who underwent liver transplantation but also significantly enhanced the perioperative liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ya-Min Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zi-Lin Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
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3
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Kumar B, Afshar-Kharghan V, Mendt M, Sackstein R, Tanner MR, Popat U, Ramdial J, Daher M, Jimenez J, Basar R, Melo Garcia L, Shanley M, Kaplan M, Wan X, Nandivada V, Reyes Silva F, Woods V, Gilbert A, Gonzalez-Delgado R, Acharya S, Lin P, Rafei H, Banerjee PP, Shpall EJ. Engineered cord blood megakaryocytes evade killing by allogeneic T-cells for refractory thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018047. [PMID: 36203567 PMCID: PMC9530569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global platelet supply is often insufficient to meet all the transfusion needs of patients, in particular for those with alloimmune thrombocytopenia. To address this issue, we have developed a strategy employing a combination of approaches to achieve more efficient production of functional megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets collected from cord blood (CB)-derived CD34+ hematopoietic cells. This strategy is based on ex-vivo expansion and differentiation of MKs in the presence of bone marrow niche-mimicking mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), together with two other key components: (1) To enhance MK polyploidization, we used the potent pharmacological Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, KD045, resulting in liberation of increased numbers of functional platelets both in-vitro and in-vivo; (2) To evade HLA class I T-cell-driven killing of these expanded MKs, we employed CRISPR-Cas9-mediated β-2 microglobulin (β2M) gene knockout (KO). We found that coculturing with MSCs and MK-lineage-specific cytokines significantly increased MK expansion. This was further increased by ROCK inhibition, which induced MK polyploidization and platelet production. Additionally, ex-vivo treatment of MKs with KD045 resulted in significantly higher levels of engraftment and donor chimerism in a mouse model of thrombocytopenia. Finally, β2M KO allowed MKs to evade killing by allogeneic T-cells. Overall, our approaches offer a novel, readily translatable roadmap for producing adult donor-independent platelet products for a variety of clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Section of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayela Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Uday Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy Ramdial
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan Jimenez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luciana Melo Garcia
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mecit Kaplan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinhai Wan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vandana Nandivada
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francia Reyes Silva
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vernikka Woods
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - April Gilbert
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Delgado
- Section of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Acharya
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pinaki Prosad Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth J. Shpall,
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Zhang B, Wu X, Zi G, He L, Wang S, Chen L, Fan Z, Nan X, Xi J, Yue W, Wang L, Wang L, Hao J, Pei X, Li Y. Large-scale generation of megakaryocytes from human embryonic stem cells using transgene-free and stepwise defined suspension culture conditions. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13002. [PMID: 33615584 PMCID: PMC8016648 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ex vivo engineered production of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets (PLTs) from human pluripotent stem cells is an alternative approach to solve shortage of donor-donated PLTs in clinics and to provide induced PLTs for transfusion. However, low production yields are observed and the generation of clinically applicable MKs and PLTs from human pluripotent stem cells without genetic modifications still needs to be improved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We defined an optimal, stepwise and completely xeno-free culture protocol for the generation of MKs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To generate MKs from hESCs on a large scale, we improved the monolayer induction manner to define three-dimensional (3D) and sphere-like differentiation systems for MKs by using a special polystyrene CellSTACK culture chamber. RESULTS The 3D manufacturing system could efficiently generate large numbers of MKs from hESCs within 16-18 days of continuous culturing. Each CellSTACK culture chamber could collect on an average 3.4 × 108 CD41+ MKs after a three-stage orderly induction process. MKs obtained from hESCs via 3D induction showed significant secretion of IL-8, thrombospondin-1 and MMP9. The induced cells derived from hESCs in our culture system were shown to have the characteristics of MKs as well as the function to form proPLTs and release PLTs. Furthermore, we generated clinically applicable MKs from clinical-grade hESC lines and confirmed the biosafety of these cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed a simple, stepwise, 3D and completely xeno-free/feeder-free/transgene-free induction system for the generation of MKs from hESCs. hESC-derived MKs were shown to have typical MK characteristics and PLT formation ability. This study further enhances the clinical applications of MKs or PLTs derived from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
| | - Xumin Wu
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
| | - Guicheng Zi
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
| | - Lijuan He
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Sihan Wang
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lin Chen
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zeng Fan
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xue Nan
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiafei Xi
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wen Yue
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuetao Pei
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yanhua Li
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
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5
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Ono‐Uruga Y, Ikeda Y, Matsubara Y. Platelet production using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Mechanistic studies and clinical application. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:342-350. [PMID: 33217130 PMCID: PMC7898515 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are platelet progenitor stem cells found in the bone marrow. Platelets obtained from blood draws can be used for therapeutic applications, especially platelet transfusion. The needs for platelet transfusions for clinical situation is increasing, due in part to the growing number of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Platelets obtained from donors, however, have the disadvantages of a limited storage lifespan and the risk of donor-related infection. Extensive effort has therefore been directed at manufacturing platelets ex vivo. Here, we review ex vivo technologies for MK development, focusing on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell line (ASCL)-based strategies and their potential clinical application. Bone marrow and adipose tissues contain mesenchymal stem/stromal cells that have an ability to differentiate into MKs, which release platelets. Taking advantage of this mechanism, we developed a donor-independent system for manufacturing platelets for clinical application using ASCL established from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs). Culture of ASCs with endogenous thrombopoietin and its receptor c-MPL, and endogenous genes such as p45NF-E2 leads to MK differentiation and subsequent platelet production. ASCs compose heterogeneous cells, however, and are not suitable for clinical application. Thus, we established ASCLs, which expand into a more homogeneous population, and fulfill the criteria for mesenchymal stem cells set by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Using our ASCL culture system with MK lineage induction medium without recombinant thrombopoietin led to peak production of platelets within 12 days, which may be sufficient for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ono‐Uruga
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuo Ikeda
- Department of HematologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yumiko Matsubara
- Clinical and Translational Research CenterKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Yang J, Luan J, Shen Y, Chen B. Developments in the production of platelets from stem cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:7. [PMID: 33179095 PMCID: PMC7673345 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small pieces of cytoplasm that have become detached from the cytoplasm of mature megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow. Platelets modulate vascular system integrity and serve important role, particularly in hemostasis. With the rapid development of clinical medicine, the demand for platelet transfusion as a life‑saving intervention increases continuously. Stem cell technology appears to be highly promising for transfusion medicine, and the generation of platelets from stem cells would be of great value in the clinical setting. Furthermore, several studies have been undertaken to investigate the potential of producing platelets from stem cells. Initial success has been achieved in terms of the yields and function of platelets generated from stem cells. However, the requirements of clinical practice remain unmet. The aim of the present review was to focus on several sources of stem cells and factors that induce MK differentiation. Updated information on current research into the genetic regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet generation was summarized. Additionally, advanced strategies of platelet generation were reviewed and the progress made in this field was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Luan
- Jinling Hospital Department of Blood Transfusion, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Paul DS, Bergmeier W. Novel Mouse Model for Studying Hemostatic Function of Human Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1891-1904. [PMID: 32493172 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelets are critical to the formation of a hemostatic plug and the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Preclinical animal models, especially the mouse, provide an important platform to assess the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet drugs. However, these studies are limited by inherent differences between human and mouse platelets and the species-selectivity of many drugs. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a new protocol for the adoptive transfer of human platelets into thrombocytopenic nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mice, that is, a model where all endogenous platelets are replaced by human platelets in mice accepting xenogeneic tissues. Approach and Results: To demonstrate the power of this new model, we visualized and quantified hemostatic plug formation and stability by intravital spinning disk confocal microscopy following laser ablation injury to the saphenous vein. Integrin αIIbβ3-dependent hemostatic platelet plug formation was achieved within ≈30 seconds after laser ablation injury in humanized platelet mice. Pretreatment of mice with standard dual antiplatelet therapy (Aspirin+Ticagrelor) or PAR1 inhibitor, L-003959712 (an analog of vorapaxar), mildly prolonged the bleeding time and significantly reduced platelet adhesion to the site of injury. Consistent with findings from clinical trials, inhibition of PAR1 in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy markedly prolonged bleeding time in humanized platelet mice. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this novel mouse model will provide a robust platform to test and predict the safety and efficacy of experimental antiplatelet drugs and to characterize the hemostatic function of synthetic, stored and patient platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paul
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.).,UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.).,UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.P., W.B.)
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8
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Lin28b regulates age-dependent differences in murine platelet function. Blood Adv 2020; 3:72-82. [PMID: 30622145 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential for hemostasis; however, several studies have identified age-dependent differences in platelet function. To better understand the origins of fetal platelet function, we have evaluated the contribution of the fetal-specific RNA binding protein Lin28b in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage. Because activated fetal platelets have very low levels of P-selectin, we hypothesized that the expression of platelet P-selectin is part of a fetal-specific hematopoietic program conferred by Lin28b. Using the mouse as a model, we find that activated fetal platelets have low levels of P-selectin and do not readily associate with granulocytes in vitro and in vivo, relative to adult controls. Transcriptional analysis revealed high levels of Lin28b and Hmga2 in fetal, but not adult, megakaryocytes. Overexpression of LIN28B in adult mice significantly reduces the expression of P-selectin in platelets, and therefore identifies Lin28b as a negative regulator of P-selectin expression. Transplantation of fetal hematopoietic progenitors resulted in the production of platelets with low levels of P-selectin, suggesting that the developmental regulation of P-selectin is intrinsic and independent of differences between fetal and adult microenvironments. Last, we observe that the upregulation of P-selectin expression occurs postnatally, and the temporal kinetics of this upregulation are recapitulated by transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into adult recipients. Taken together, these studies identify Lin28b as a new intrinsic regulator of fetal platelet function.
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9
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Patel A, Clementelli CM, Jarocha D, Mosoyan G, Else C, Kintali M, Fong H, Tong J, Gordon R, Gillespie V, Keyzner A, Poncz M, Hoffman R, Iancu-Rubin C. Pre-clinical development of a cryopreservable megakaryocytic cell product capable of sustained platelet production in mice. Transfusion 2019; 59:3698-3713. [PMID: 31802511 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet (PLT) transfusions are the most effective treatments for patients with thrombocytopenia. The growing demand for PLT transfusion products is compounded by a limited supply due to dependency on volunteer donors, a short shelf-life, risk of contaminating pathogens, and alloimmunization. This study provides preclinical evidence that a third-party, cryopreservable source of PLT-generating cells has the potential to complement presently available PLT transfusion products. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) units were used in a simple and efficient culture system to generate a cell product consisting of megakaryocytes (MKs) at different stages of development. The cultures thus generated were evaluated ex vivo and in vivo before and after cryopreservation. RESULTS We generated a megakaryocytic cell product that can be cryopreserved without altering its phenotypical and functional capabilities. The infusion of such a product, either fresh or cryopreserved, into immune-deficient mice led to production of functional human PLTs which were observed within a week after infusion and persisted for 8 weeks, orders of magnitude longer than that observed after the infusion of traditional PLT transfusion products. The sustained human PLT engraftment was accompanied by a robust presence of human cells in the bone marrow (BM), spleen, and lungs of recipient mice. CONCLUSION This is a proof-of-principle study demonstrating the creation of a cryopreservable megakaryocytic cell product which releases functional PLTs in vivo. Clinical development of such a product is currently being pursued for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cara Marie Clementelli
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gohar Mosoyan
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cindy Else
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory in the Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Manisha Kintali
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Helen Fong
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., Richmond, California
| | - Jay Tong
- AllCells, LLC, Alameda, California
| | - Ronald Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Virginia Gillespie
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory in the Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alla Keyzner
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Martinez AF, Miller WM. Enabling Large-Scale Ex Vivo Production of Megakaryocytes from CD34 + Cells Using Gas-Permeable Surfaces. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:658-670. [PMID: 30848565 PMCID: PMC6591548 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from acute or sustained thrombocytopenia require platelet transfusions, which are entirely donor-based and limited by challenges related to storage and fluctuating supply. Developing cell-culture technologies will enable ex vivo and donor-independent platelet production. However, critical advancements are needed to improve scalability and increase megakaryocyte (Mk) culture productivity. To address these needs, we evaluated Mk production from mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells cultured on a commercially available gas-permeable silicone rubber membrane, which provides efficient gas exchange, and investigated the use of fed-batch media dilution schemes. Starting with a cell-surface density of 40 × 103 CD34+ cells per cm2 (G40D), culturing cells on the membrane for the first 5 days and employing media dilutions yielded 39 ± 19 CD41+ CD42b+ Mks per input CD34+ cell by day 11-a 2.2-fold increase compared with using standard culture surfaces and full media exchanges. By day 7, G40D conditions generated 1.5-fold more CD34+ cells and nearly doubled the numbers of Mk progenitors. The increased number of Mk progenitors coupled with media dilutions, potentially due to the retention of interleukin (IL)-3, increased Mk production in G40D. Compared with controls, G40D had higher viability, yielded threefold more Mks per milliliter of media used and exhibited lower mean ploidy, but had higher numbers of high-ploidy Mks. Finally, G40D-Mks produced proplatelets and platelet-like-particles that activate and aggregate upon stimulation. These results highlight distinct improvements in Mk cell-culture and demonstrate how new technologies and techniques are needed to enable clinically relevant production of Mks for platelet generation and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F Martinez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - William M Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Megakaryocyte ontogeny: Clinical and molecular significance. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:1-9. [PMID: 29501467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal megakaryocytes (Mks) differ from adult Mks in key parameters that affect their capacity for platelet production. However, despite being smaller, more proliferative, and less polyploid, fetal Mks generally mature in the same manner as adult Mks. The phenotypic features unique to fetal Mks predispose patients to several disease conditions, including infantile thrombocytopenia, infantile megakaryoblastic leukemias, and poor platelet recovery after umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantations. Ontogenic Mk differences also affect new strategies being developed to address global shortages of platelet transfusion units. These donor-independent, ex vivo production platforms are hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of adult-type Mks and the inferior platelet production by fetal-type Mks. Understanding the molecular programs that distinguish fetal versus adult megakaryopoiesis will help in improving approaches to these clinical problems. This review summarizes the phenotypic differences between fetal and adult Mks, the disease states associated with fetal megakaryopoiesis, and recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms that determine ontogenic Mk transitions.
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