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Demirci S, Khan MBN, Hinojosa G, Le A, Leonard A, Essawi K, Gudmundsdottir B, Liu X, Zeng J, Inam Z, Chu R, Uchida N, Araki D, London E, Butt H, Maitland SA, Bauer DE, Wolfe SA, Larochelle A, Tisdale JF. Ex vivo culture resting time impacts transplantation outcomes of genome-edited human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in xenograft mouse models. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:641-648. [PMID: 38506770 PMCID: PMC11127784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ex vivo resting culture is a standard procedure following genome editing in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, prolonged culture may critically affect cell viability and stem cell function. We investigated whether varying durations of culture resting times impact the engraftment efficiency of human CD34+ HSPCs edited at the BCL11A enhancer, a key regulator in the expression of fetal hemoglobin. We employed electroporation to introduce CRISPR-Cas9 components for BCL11A enhancer editing and compared outcomes with nonelectroporated (NEP) and electroporated-only (EP) control groups. Post-electroporation, we monitored cell viability, death rates, and the frequency of enriched hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fractions (CD34+CD90+CD45RA- cells) over a 48-hour period. Our findings reveal that while the NEP group showed an increase in cell numbers 24 hours post-electroporation, both EP and BCL11A-edited groups experienced significant cell loss. Although CD34+ cell frequency remained high in all groups for up to 48 hours post-electroporation, the frequency of the HSC-enriched fraction was significantly lower in the EP and edited groups compared to the NEP group. In NBSGW xenograft mouse models, both conditioned with busulfan and nonconditioned, we found that immediate transplantation post-electroporation led to enhanced engraftment without compromising editing efficiency. Human glycophorin A+ (GPA+) red blood cells (RBCs) sorted from bone marrow of all BCL11A edited mice exhibited similar levels of γ-globin expression, regardless of infusion time. Our findings underscore the critical importance of optimizing the culture duration between genome editing and transplantation. Minimizing this interval may significantly enhance engraftment success and minimize cell loss without compromising editing efficiency. These insights offer a pathway to improve the success rates of genome editing in HSPCs, particularly for conditions like sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA..
| | | | - Gabriela Hinojosa
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anh Le
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Khaled Essawi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bjorg Gudmundsdottir
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiong Liu
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zaina Inam
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Chu
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daisuke Araki
- CMTB, NHLBI/Regenerative Therapies for Inherited Blood Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan London
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Henna Butt
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacy A Maitland
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scot A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- CMTB, NHLBI/Regenerative Therapies for Inherited Blood Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch (CMTB), National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA..
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Guo B, Huang X, Chen Y, Broxmeyer HE. Ex Vivo Expansion and Homing of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:85-104. [PMID: 38228960 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been proven to be an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical transplantation and has multiple advantages, including but not limited to greater HLA compatibility, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), higher survival rates and lower relapse rates among patients with minimal residual disease. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single CB unit limits the wider use of CB in clinical treatment. Many efforts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CB HSC transplantation, particularly by ex vivo expansion or enhancing the homing efficiency of HSCs. In this chapter, we will document the major advances regarding human HSC ex vivo expansion and homing and will also discuss the possibility of clinical translation of such laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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[Research progress on in vitro expansion and clinical application of hematopoietic stem cell]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:167-172. [PMID: 35381684 PMCID: PMC8980649 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen Y, Fang S, Ding Q, Jiang R, He J, Wang Q, Jin Y, Huang X, Liu S, Capitano ML, Trinh T, Teng Y, Meng Q, Wan J, Broxmeyer HE, Guo B. ADGRG1 enriches for functional human hematopoietic stem cells following ex vivo expansion-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148329. [PMID: 34464351 PMCID: PMC8516455 DOI: 10.1172/jci148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) under stress conditions such as ex vivo expansion is poorly understood. Here, we report that the frequencies of SCID-repopulating cells were greatly decreased in cord blood (CB) CD34+ HSCs and HPCs upon ex vivo culturing. Transcriptomic analysis and metabolic profiling demonstrated that mitochondrial oxidative stress of human CB HSCs and HPCs notably increased, along with loss of stemness. Limiting dilution analysis revealed that functional human HSCs were enriched in cell populations with low levels of mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) during ex vivo culturing. Using single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of the mitoROS low cell population, we demonstrated that functional HSCs were substantially enriched in the adhesion GPCR G1-positive (ADGRG1+) population of CD34+CD133+ CB cells upon ex vivo expansion stress. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that HSC signature genes including MSI2 and MLLT3 were enriched in CD34+CD133+ADGRG1+ CB HSCs. Our study reveals that ADGRG1 enriches for functional human HSCs under oxidative stress during ex vivo culturing, which can be a reliable target for drug screening of agonists of HSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Fang
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qingwei Ding
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Clinical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongzhen Jiang
- Obstetrics Intensive Care Center, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics Intensive Care Center, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
| | | | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Obstetrics Intensive Care Center, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyou Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Clinical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Quatrini L, Ricci B, Ciancaglini C, Tumino N, Moretta L. Regulation of the Immune System Development by Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672853. [PMID: 34248954 PMCID: PMC8260976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the release of hormones, the neuro-endocrine system regulates the immune system function promoting adaptation of the organism to the external environment and to intrinsic physiological changes. Glucocorticoids (GCs) and sex hormones not only regulate immune responses, but also control the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and subsequent maturation of immune cell subsets. During the development of an organism, this regulation has long-term consequences. Indeed, the effects of GC exposure during the perinatal period become evident in the adulthood. Analogously, in the context of HSC transplantation (HSCT), the immune system development starts de novo from the donor HSCs. In this review, we summarize the effects of GCs and sex hormones on the regulation of HSC, as well as of adaptive and innate immune cells. Moreover, we discuss the short and long-term implications on hematopoiesis of sex steroid ablation and synthetic GC administration upon HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ciancaglini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Jin Y, Huang J, Wang Q, He J, Teng Y, Jiang R, Broxmeyer HE, Guo B. RXR Negatively Regulates Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1456-1464. [PMID: 33527324 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of human cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is one approach to overcome limited numbers of HSCs in single CB units. However, there is still no worldwide acceptable HSC ex vivo expansion system. A main reason is that we still have very limited knowldege regarding mechanisms underlying maintenance and expansion of CB HSCs. Here we report that retinoid X receptor (RXR) activity is of significance for CB HSC ex vivo expansion. RXR antagonist HX531 significantly promoted ex vivo expansion of CB HSCs and progenitor cells (HPCs). RXR agonist Bexarotene notably suppressed ex vivo expansion of CB HSCs. Activation of RXR by Bexarotene significantly blocked expansion of phenotypic HSCs and HPCs and expressed increased functional HPCs as assessed by colony formation induced by UM171 and SR1. In vivo transplantation experiments in immune-deficient mice demonstrated that HX531 expanded CB HSCs possess long-term reconstituting capacities, and Bexarotene treatment inhibited expansion of functional CB HSCs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that RXR regulates expression of FBP1 (a negative regulator of glucose metabolism) and many genes involved in differentation. ECAR analysis showed that HX531 significantly promoted glycolytic activity of CB CD34+ HSCs and HPCs. Our studies suggest that RXR is a negative regulator of ex vivo expansion of CB HSCs and HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280, Chong-Qing South Road, West Bldg #2, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Obstetric Intensive Care Center, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Obstetric Intensive Care Center, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongzhen Jiang
- Obstetric Intensive Care Center, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280, Chong-Qing South Road, West Bldg #2, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Progress towards improving homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells for clinical transplantation. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:266-272. [PMID: 31045644 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a life-saving treatment for a variety of hematological and nonhematological disorders. Successful clinical outcomes after transplantation rely on adequate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers, and the homing and subsequent short-term and long-term engraftment of these cells in the bone marrow. Enhancing the homing capability of HSCs has the potential for high impact on improving HCT and patient survival. RECENT FINDINGS There are a number of ways to enhance HSC engraftment. Neutralizing negative epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) increases surface CXCR4 expression and promotes human HSC homing and engraftment in immune-deficient NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdc IL2rgt/Sz) mice. Short-term treatment of cells with glucocorticoids, pharmacological stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, increasing membrane lipid raft aggregation, and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) facilitates HSC homing and engraftment. Added to these procedures, modulating the mitochondria permeability transition pore (MPTP) to mitigate ambient air-induced extra physiological oxygen stress/shock (EPHOSS) by hypoxic harvest and processing, or using cyclosporine A during air collection increases functional HSC numbers and improves HSC engraftment. SUMMARY A better understanding of the regulation of human HSC homing mediated by various signaling pathways will facilitate development of more efficient means to enhance HCT efficacy.
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Liesveld JL, Sharma N, Aljitawi OS. Stem cell homing: From physiology to therapeutics. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1241-1253. [PMID: 32526037 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell homing is a multistep endogenous physiologic process that is also used by exogenously administered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This multistep process involves cell migration and is essential for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The process can be manipulated to enhance ultimate engraftment potential, and understanding stem cell homing is also important to the understanding of stem cell mobilization. Homing is also of potential importance in the recruitment of marrow mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) to sites of injury and regeneration. This process is less understood but assumes importance when these cells are used for repair purposes. In this review, the process of HSPC and MSC homing is examined, as are methods to enhance this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Liesveld
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Naman Sharma
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Omar S Aljitawi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Huang X, Guo B, Capitano M, Broxmeyer HE. Past, present, and future efforts to enhance the efficacy of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31723413 PMCID: PMC6823900 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been used as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in over 35,000 clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) efforts to treat the same variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders treated by bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using HLA-matched or partially HLA-disparate related or unrelated donor cells for adult and children recipients. This review documents the beginning of this clinical effort that started in the 1980’s, the pros and cons of CB HCT compared to BM and mPB HCT, and recent experimental and clinical efforts to enhance the efficacy of CB HCT. These efforts include means for increasing HSC numbers in single CB collections, expanding functional HSCs
ex vivo, and improving CB HSC homing and engraftment, all with the goal of clinical translation. Concluding remarks highlight the need for phase I/II clinical trials to test the experimental procedures that are described, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Herein, we seek to describe the current and future role of ex-vivo expansion of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. RECENT FINDINGS As this field is only in its infancy, there have been many challenges identified. Decreased number of stem cells contained in a cord blood unit and early differentiation of stem cells once expanded have been two overarching challenges faced by the field. Many recent techniques have focused on the properties of the microenvironment and targetable cellular pathways as novel approaches to circumvent these challenges. SUMMARY Novel discoveries have led to the development of approaches that will increase hematopoietic stem cell yield and will improve engraftment in patients receiving cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. As a result, patients receiving cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantationcontinue to have improved outcomes.
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