1
|
Barili V, Ambrosini E, Bortesi B, Minari R, De Sensi E, Cannizzaro IR, Taiani A, Michiara M, Sikokis A, Boggiani D, Tommasi C, Serra O, Bonatti F, Adorni A, Luberto A, Caggiati P, Martorana D, Uliana V, Percesepe A, Musolino A, Pellegrino B. Genetic Basis of Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Approaches and Lessons Learnt from Three Decades of Inherited Predisposition Testing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:219. [PMID: 38397209 PMCID: PMC10888198 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline variants occurring in BRCA1 and BRCA2 give rise to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, predisposing to breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers marked by elevated incidences of genomic aberrations that correspond to poor prognoses. These genes are in fact involved in genetic integrity, particularly in the process of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, a high-fidelity repair system for mending DNA double-strand breaks. In addition to its implication in HBOC pathogenesis, the impairment of HR has become a prime target for therapeutic intervention utilizing poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In the present review, we introduce the molecular roles of HR orchestrated by BRCA1 and BRCA2 within the framework of sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. We examine the genetic architecture underneath breast and ovarian cancer ranging from high- and mid- to low-penetrant predisposing genes and taking into account both germline and somatic variations. Finally, we consider higher levels of complexity of the genomic landscape such as polygenic risk scores and other approaches aiming to optimize therapeutic and preventive strategies for breast and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Ambrosini
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bortesi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Minari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Erika De Sensi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Taiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Michiara
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Angelica Sikokis
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Boggiani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tommasi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Olga Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonatti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Adorni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anita Luberto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Davide Martorana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pellegrino
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosenberg S, Ben Cohen G, Kato S, Okamura R, Lippman SM, Kurzrock R. Concordance between cancer gene alterations in tumor and circulating tumor DNA correlates with poor survival in a real-world precision-medicine population. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1844-1856. [PMID: 36694946 PMCID: PMC10483598 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis, performed on tumoral tissue DNA and on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood, is the cornerstone of precision cancer medicine. Herein, we characterized the clinical prognostic implications of the concordance of alterations in major cancer genes between tissue- and blood-derived DNA in a pan-cancer cohort. The molecular profiles of both liquid (Guardant Health) and tissue (Foundation Medicine) biopsies from 433 patients were analyzed. Mutations and amplifications of cancer genes scored by these two tests were assessed. In 184 (42.5%) patients, there was at least one mutual gene alteration. The mean number of mutual gene-level alterations in the samples was 0.67 per patient (range: 0-5). A higher mutual gene-level alteration number correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). As confirmed in multivariable analysis, patients with ≥2 mutual gene-level alterations in blood and tissue had a hazard ratio (HR) of death of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1-2.2; P=0.047), whereas patients with ≥3 mutual gene-level alterations had an HR of death 2.38 (95% CI=1.47-3.87; P=0.0005). Together, our results show that gene-level concordance between tissue DNA and ctDNA analysis is prevalent and is an independent factor predicting significantly shorter patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Rosenberg
- Gaffin Center for Neuro‐Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
| | - Gil Ben Cohen
- Gaffin Center for Neuro‐Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
| | - Shumei Kato
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Scott M. Lippman
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Levink IJM, Jansen MPHM, Azmani Z, van IJcken W, van Marion R, Peppelenbosch MP, Cahen DL, Fuhler GM, Bruno MJ. Mutation Analysis of Pancreatic Juice and Plasma for the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13116. [PMID: 37685923 PMCID: PMC10487634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling may enable earlier detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) in high-risk individuals undergoing surveillance and allow for personalization of treatment. We hypothesized that the detection rate of DNA mutations is higher in pancreatic juice (PJ) than in plasma due to its closer contact with the pancreatic ductal system, from which pancreatic cancer cells originate, and higher overall cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations. In this study, we included patients with pathology-proven PC or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) from two prospective clinical trials (KRASPanc and PACYFIC) for whom both PJ and plasma were available. We performed next-generation sequencing on PJ, plasma, and tissue samples and described the presence (and concordance) of mutations in these biomaterials. This study included 26 patients (25 PC and 1 IPMN with HGD), of which 7 were women (27%), with a median age of 71 years (IQR 12) and a median BMI of 23 kg/m2 (IQR 4). Ten patients with PC (40%) were (borderline) resectable at baseline. Tissue was available from six patients (resection n = 5, biopsy n = 1). A median volume of 2.9 mL plasma (IQR 1.0 mL) and 0.7 mL PJ (IQR 0.1 mL, p < 0.001) was used for DNA isolation. PJ had a higher median cfDNA concentration (2.6 ng/μL (IQR 4.2)) than plasma (0.29 ng/μL (IQR 0.40)). A total of 41 unique somatic mutations were detected: 24 mutations in plasma (2 KRAS, 15 TP53, 2 SMAD4, 3 CDKN2A 1 CTNNB1, and 1 PIK3CA), 19 in PJ (3 KRAS, 15 TP53, and 1 SMAD4), and 8 in tissue (2 KRAS, 2 CDKN2A, and 4 TP53). The mutation detection rate (and the concordance with tissue) did not differ between plasma and PJ. In conclusion, while the concentration of cfDNA was indeed higher in PJ than in plasma, the mutation detection rate was not different. A few cancer-associated genetic variants were detected in both biomaterials. Further research is needed to increase the detection rate and assess the performance and suitability of plasma and PJ for PC (early) detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris J. M. Levink
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.P.); (G.M.F.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Maurice P. H. M. Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zakia Azmani
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (W.v.I.)
| | - Wilfred van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (W.v.I.)
| | - Ronald van Marion
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.P.); (G.M.F.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Djuna L. Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.P.); (G.M.F.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Gwenny M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.P.); (G.M.F.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.P.); (G.M.F.); (M.J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahmé R, Braun T, Manfredi JJ, Fenaux P. TP53 Alterations in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041152. [PMID: 37189770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are less frequent in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) than in solid tumors, except in secondary and therapy-related MDS/AMLs, and in cases with complex monosomal karyotype. As in solid tumors, missense mutations predominate, with the same hotspot mutated codons (particularly codons 175, 248, 273). As TP53-mutated MDS/AMLs are generally associated with complex chromosomal abnormalities, it is not always clear when TP53 mutations occur in the pathophysiological process. It is also uncertain in these MDS/AML cases, which often have inactivation of both TP53 alleles, if the missense mutation is only deleterious through the absence of a functional p53 protein, or through a potential dominant-negative effect, or finally a gain-of-function effect of mutant p53, as demonstrated in some solid tumors. Understanding when TP53 mutations occur in the disease course and how they are deleterious would help to design new treatments for those patients who generally show poor response to all therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Rahmé
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), INSERM U1131, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Ecole Doctorale Hématologie-Oncogenèse-Biothérapies, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Clinical Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Clinical Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Senior Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Florez MA, Tran BT, Wathan TK, DeGregori J, Pietras EM, King KY. Clonal hematopoiesis: Mutation-specific adaptation to environmental change. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:882-904. [PMID: 35659875 PMCID: PMC9202417 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) describes a widespread expansion of genetically variant hematopoietic cells that increases exponentially with age and is associated with increased risks of cancers, cardiovascular disease, and other maladies. Here, we discuss how environmental contexts associated with CHIP, such as old age, infections, chemotherapy, or cigarette smoking, alter tissue microenvironments to facilitate the selection and expansion of specific CHIP mutant clones. Further, we consider major remaining gaps in knowledge, including intrinsic effects, clone size thresholds, and factors affecting clonal competition, that will determine future application of this field in transplant and preventive medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Florez
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brandon T Tran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Trisha K Wathan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine Y King
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kratz CP, Steinke-Lange V, Spier I, Aretz S, Schröck E, Holinski-Feder E. Overview of the Clinical Features of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and the Current European ERN GENTURIS Guideline. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82:42-49. [PMID: 35027859 PMCID: PMC8747895 DOI: 10.1055/a-1541-7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with a tumour-risk syndrome have a significantly increased risk of developing cancer during their lifetime. A positive family history of tumour disease or an unusually early age of onset may be indicative of a tumour risk syndrome. With the diagnosis of a tumour risk syndrome it is possible to recommend a risk-adapted tumour surveillance programme for the patient and (asymptomatic) family members at risk. This facilitates early detection of possible tumours and thus often prevents advanced tumour stages. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is associated with a significantly increased risk of sarcoma and breast cancer in particular, but it is often not diagnosed clinically in those affected. This article reviews the clinical picture, genetic cause and special aspects in the diagnosis and care of patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The initiative resulted from the European reference network GENTURIS, which has set itself the task of improving the identification and care of
patients with tumour risk syndromes. A first step is the recent publication of a European guideline for Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is summarised here and discussed in the context of existing recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peter Kratz
- Klinik für Pädiatrische Hämatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Steinke-Lange
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.,MGZ Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, München, Germany
| | - Isabel Spier
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Holinski-Feder
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.,MGZ Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Page K, Martinson LJ, Fernandez-Garcia D, Hills A, Gleason KLT, Gray MC, Rushton AJ, Nteliopoulos G, Hastings RK, Goddard K, Ions C, Parmar V, Primrose L, Openshaw MR, Guttery DS, Palmieri C, Ali S, Stebbing J, Coombes RC, Shaw JA. Circulating Tumor DNA Profiling From Breast Cancer Screening Through to Metastatic Disease. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00522. [PMID: 34849446 PMCID: PMC8624092 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the utility of the Oncomine Breast cfDNA Assay for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in women from a breast screening population, including healthy women with no abnormality detected by mammogram, and women on follow-up through to advanced breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were taken from 373 women (127 healthy controls recruited through breast screening, 28 ductal carcinoma in situ, 60 primary breast cancers, 47 primary breast cancer on follow-up, and 111 metastatic breast cancers [MBC]) to recover plasma and germline DNA for analysis with the Oncomine Breast cfDNA Assay on the Ion S5 platform. RESULTS One hundred sixteen of 373 plasma samples had one or more somatic variants detected across eight of the 10 genes and were called ctDNA-positive; MBC had the highest proportion of ctDNA-positive samples (61; 55%) and healthy controls the lowest (20; 15.7%). ESR1, TP53, and PIK3CA mutations account for 93% of all variants detected and predict poor overall survival in MBC (hazard ratio = 3.461; 95% CI, 1.866 to 6.42; P = .001). Patients with MBC had higher plasma cell-free DNA levels, higher variant allele frequencies, and more polyclonal variants, notably in ESR1 than in all other groups. Only 15 individuals had evidence of potential clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential mutations. CONCLUSION We were able detect ctDNA across the breast cancer spectrum, notably in MBC where variants in ESR1, TP53, and PIK3CA predicted poor overall survival. The assay could be used to monitor emergence of resistance mutations such as in ESR1 that herald resistance to aromatase inhibitors to tailor adjuvant therapies. However, we suggest caution is needed when interpreting results from a single plasma sample as variants were also detected in a small proportion of HCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Page
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J. Martinson
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allison Hills
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly L. T. Gleason
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly C. Gray
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia J. Rushton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Nteliopoulos
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K. Hastings
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Goddard
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Ions
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vilas Parmar
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Primrose
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Openshaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Guttery
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline A. Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steinke-Lange V, de Putter R, Holinski-Feder E, Claes KB. Somatic mosaics in hereditary tumor predisposition syndromes. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104360. [PMID: 34655802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Historically, it is estimated that 5-10% of cancer patients carry a causative genetic variant for a tumor predisposition syndrome. These conditions have high clinical relevance as they are actionable regarding risk-specific surveillance, predictive genetic testing, reproductive options, and - in some cases - risk reducing surgery or targeted therapy. Every individual is born with on average 0.5-1 exonic mosaic variants prevalent in single or multiple tissues. Depending on the tissues affected, mosaic conditions can abrogate the clinical phenotype of a tumor predisposition syndrome and can even go unrecognized, because it can be impossible or difficult to detect them with routine genetic testing in blood/leucocytes. On the other hand, it is estimated that at least 4% of presumed de novo variants are the result of low-level mosaicism (variant allele frequency <10%) in a parent, while around 7% are true mosaic variants with a higher variant allele frequency, which can sometimes be confused for heterozygous variants. Clonal hematopoiesis however can simulate a mosaic tumor predisposition in genetic diagnostics and has to be taken into account, especially for TP53 variants. Depending on the technique, variant allele frequencies of 2-3% can be detected for single nucleotide variants by next generation sequencing, copy number variants with variant allele frequencies of 5-30% can be detected by array-based technologies or MLPA. Mosaic tumor predisposition syndromes are more common than previously thought and may often remain undiagnosed. The clinical suspicion and diagnostic procedure for several cases with mosaic tumor predisposition syndromes are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Steinke-Lange
- MGZ - Medical Genetics Center, Germany; Arbeitsgruppe Erbliche Gastrointestinale Tumore, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany.
| | - Robin de Putter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Elke Holinski-Feder
- MGZ - Medical Genetics Center, Germany; Arbeitsgruppe Erbliche Gastrointestinale Tumore, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Kathleen Bm Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium; CRIG (Cancer Research Institute Ghent) and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tung LT, Wang H, Belle JI, Petrov JC, Langlais D, Nijnik A. p53-dependent induction of P2X7 on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells regulates hematopoietic response to genotoxic stress. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:923. [PMID: 34625535 PMCID: PMC8501024 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells are the main mediators of tissue renewal and repair, both under homeostatic conditions and in response to physiological stress and injury. Hematopoietic system is responsible for the regeneration of blood and immune cells and is maintained by bone marrow-resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Hematopoietic system is particularly susceptible to injury in response to genotoxic stress, resulting in the risk of bone marrow failure and secondary malignancies in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Here we analyze the in vivo transcriptional response of HSPCs to genotoxic stress in a mouse whole-body irradiation model and, together with p53 ChIP-Seq and studies in p53-knockout (p53KO) mice, characterize the p53-dependent and p53-independent branches of this transcriptional response. Our work demonstrates the p53-independent induction of inflammatory transcriptional signatures in HSPCs in response to genotoxic stress and identifies multiple novel p53-target genes induced in HSPCs in response to whole-body irradiation. In particular, we establish the direct p53-mediated induction of P2X7 expression on HSCs and HSPCs in response to genotoxic stress. We further demonstrate the role of P2X7 in hematopoietic response to acute genotoxic stress, with P2X7 deficiency significantly extending mouse survival in irradiation-induced hematopoietic failure. We also demonstrate the role of P2X7 in the context of long-term HSC regenerative fitness following sublethal irradiation. Overall our studies provide important insights into the mechanisms of HSC response to genotoxic stress and further suggest P2X7 as a target for pharmacological modulation of HSC fitness and hematopoietic response to genotoxic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tze Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jad I Belle
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica C Petrov
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Transient expansion of TP53 mutated clones in polycythemia vera patients treated with idasanutlin. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5735-5744. [PMID: 33216890 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the P53 pathway through inhibition of MDM2 using nutlins has shown clinical promise in the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. There is concern, however, that nutlin therapy might stimulate the emergence or expansion of TP53-mutated subclones. We recently published the results of a phase 1 trial of idasanutlin in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) that revealed tolerability and clinical activity. Here, we present data indicating that idasanutlin therapy is associated with expansion of TP53 mutant subclones. End-of-study sequencing of patients found that 5 patients in this trial harbored 12 TP53 mutations; however, only 1 patient had been previously identified as having a TP53 mutation at baseline. To identify the origin of these mutations, further analysis of raw sequencing data of baseline samples was performed and revealed that a subset of these mutations was present at baseline and expanded during treatment with idasanutlin. Follow-up samples were obtained from 4 of 5 patients in this cohort, and we observed that after cessation of idasanutlin, the variant allele frequency (VAF) of 8 of 9 TP53 mutations decreased. Furthermore, disease progression to myelofibrosis or myeloproliferative neoplasm blast phase was not observed in any of these patients after 19- to 32-month observation. These data suggest that idasanutlin treatment may promote transient TP53 mutant clonal expansion. A larger study geared toward high-resolution detection of low VAF mutations is required to explore whether patients acquire de novo TP53 mutations after idasanutlin therapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mooney L, Goodyear CS, Chandra T, Kirschner K, Copland M, Petrie MC, Lang NN. Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential: intersections between inflammation, vascular disease and heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:991-1007. [PMID: 33861346 PMCID: PMC8055963 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Whilst the cumulative effect of exposure to conventional cardiovascular risk factors is important, recent evidence highlights clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP) as a further key risk factor. CHIP reflects the accumulation of somatic, potentially pro-leukaemic gene mutations within haematopoietic stem cells over time. The most common mutations associated with CHIP and CVD occur in genes that also play central roles in the regulation of inflammation. While CHIP carriers have a low risk of haematological malignant transformation (<1% per year), their relative risk of mortality is increased by 40% and this reflects an excess of cardiovascular events. Evidence linking CHIP, inflammation and atherosclerotic disease has recently become better defined. However, there is a paucity of information about the role of CHIP in the development and progression of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While systemic inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of both heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (EF), it may be of greater relevance in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, which is also strongly associated with ageing. This review describes CHIP and its pathogenetic links with ageing, inflammation and CVD, while providing insight into its putative role in HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Mooney
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Tamir Chandra
- The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute for Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evans DG, Woodward ER, Bajalica-Lagercrantz S, Oliveira C, Frebourg T. Germline TP53 Testing in Breast Cancers: Why, When and How? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123762. [PMID: 33327514 PMCID: PMC7764913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary TP53 variants detected in blood represent a main genetic cause of breast cancers occurring before 31 years of age. TP53 being included in most of the cancer gene panels, patients with breast cancer are offered germline TP53 testing, independently of the age of tumour onset and familial history. Interpretation of TP53 variants is remarkably complex, and detection of a germline disease-causing TP53 variant in a breast cancer patient has drastic medical consequences: radiotherapy contributing to the development of subsequent tumours should be, if possible, avoided. In her family, variant carriers should be offered annual follow-up, including whole-body MRI. Therefore, we consider that, in breast cancer patients, germline TP53 testing should be performed before treatment and that the decision of TP53 testing should not be systematic but based on the age of tumour onset, type of breast cancer, personal and familial history of cancer. Abstract Germline TP53 variants represent a main genetic cause of breast cancers before 31 years of age. Development of cancer multi-gene panels has resulted in an exponential increase of germline TP53 testing in breast cancer patients. Interpretation of TP53 variants, which are mostly missense, is complex and requires excluding clonal haematopoiesis and circulating tumour DNA. In breast cancer patients harbouring germline disease-causing TP53 variants, radiotherapy contributing to the development of subsequent tumours should be, if possible, avoided and, within families, annual follow-up including whole-body MRI should be offered to carriers. We consider that, in breast cancer patients, germline TP53 testing should be performed before treatment and offered systematically only to patients with: (i) invasive breast carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) before 31; or (ii) bilateral or multifocal or HER2+ invasive breast carcinoma/DCIS or phyllode tumour before 36; or (iii) invasive breast carcinoma before 46 and another TP53 core tumour (breast cancer, soft-tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, central nervous system tumour, adrenocortical carcinoma); or (iv) invasive breast carcinoma before 46 and one first- or second-degree relative with a TP53 core tumour before 56. In contrast, women presenting with breast cancer after 46, without suggestive personal or familial history, should not be tested for TP53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gareth Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Correspondence: (D.G.E.); (T.F.)
| | - Emma R. Woodward
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Svetlana Bajalica-Lagercrantz
- Hereditary Cancer Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, 76000 Rouen, France
- Inserm U1245, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, 76183 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.E.); (T.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosenberg S, Okamura R, Kato S, Soussi T, Kurzrock R. Survival Implications of the Relationship between Tissue versus Circulating Tumor DNA TP53 Mutations-A Perspective from a Real-World Precision Medicine Cohort. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2612-2620. [PMID: 32999047 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interrogating the genomics of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA; the liquid biopsy) has advantages in patients in whom tissue biopsy is difficult. However, the reported concordance between genomic analysis of tissue DNA and ctDNA is variable among studies. Herein, we characterized the clinical implications of the relationship between mutations in TP53 genes in tissue DNA versus ctDNA. The molecular profiles of both liquid (Guardant Health) and tissue (Foundation Medicine) biopsies from 433 patients were analyzed (pan-cancer setting). In 71/433 (16%) cases, all same TP53 mutations were detected in both tissue DNA and ctDNA; in 18/433 (4%), same mutation plus additional mutation/mutations; and in 27/433 (6%), different TP53 mutations were detected. In 99/433 (23%) cases, TP53 mutations were detected only in tissue DNA; in 43/433 (10%), only in ctDNA; and in 175/433 (40%), no TP53 mutations were detected in either test. When TP53 mutations were identical in tissue and ctDNA, the alterations were enriched for nonsense mutations, and survival was significantly shorter in multivariate analysis (as compared with different mutations in ctDNA vs. tissue or no mutations); this finding was independent of tumor type, time interval between tests, and the %ctDNA for TP53 mutations. In summary, in 16% of 433 patients with diverse cancers, TP53 mutations were identical in tissue DNA and ctDNA. In these individuals, the alterations were enriched for stop-gain (nonsense) mutations (results in a premature termination codon). Though unknown confounders cannot be ruled out, these patients fared significantly worse than those whose ctDNA and tissue DNA harbored different TP53 mutation portfolios or no TP53 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Rosenberg
- Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ryosuke Okamura
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shumei Kato
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Department of Life Science, UPMC University, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Paris, France.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evans DG, Woodward ER. New surveillance guidelines for Li-Fraumeni and hereditary TP53 related cancer syndrome: implications for germline TP53 testing in breast cancer. Fam Cancer 2020; 20:1-7. [PMID: 32984917 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-020-00207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Emma R Woodward
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan B, Claxton D, Huang S, Qiu Y. AML chemoresistance: The role of mutant TP53 subclonal expansion and therapy strategy. Exp Hematol 2020; 87:13-19. [PMID: 32569759 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disease characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of myeloid blast cells in the bone marrow, which eventually lead to hematopoietic failure. Chemoresistance presents as a major burden for therapy of AML patients. p53 is the most important tumor suppressor protein that regulates cellular response to various stress. It is also important for hematopoietic stem cell development and hematopoiesis. Mutation or deletion of TP53 has been found to be linked to cancer progression, therapy-related resistance, and poor prognosis. TP53 mutation occurs in less than 10% of AML patients; however, it represents a subset of AML with therapy resistance and poor outcome. In addition, there is a subgroup of patients with low-frequency TP53 mutations. The percentage ranges from 1% to 3% of all AML patients. These patients have outcomes comparable to those of the high-frequency TP53 mutation patients. TP53-mutated clones isolated from the parental cells exhibit a survival advantage under drug treatment compared with cells with wild-type TP53, and have a higher population of leukemia stem cell (LSC) marker-positive cells, a characteristic of chemo-resistant cells. Therefore, low-frequency TP53 mutation, which is currently underappreciated, is an important prognosis factor for AML patients. Epigenetic drugs, such as hypomethylating agent and histone deacetylase inhibitors, have been found effective in targeting TP53-mutated AML. Histone deacetylase inhibitors can preferentially target the TP53-mutated subpopulation by reactivating p53-targeted genes and by eradicating LSC marker-positive cells. Therefore, combined treatment with epigenetic drugs may represent a new therapeutic strategy for treatments of TP53-mutated AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA
| | - Suming Huang
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA
| | - Yi Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guidelines for the Li-Fraumeni and heritable TP53-related cancer syndromes. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1379-1386. [PMID: 32457520 PMCID: PMC7609280 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty years after the recognition of the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), our perception of cancers related to germline alterations of TP53 has drastically changed: (i) germline TP53 alterations are often identified among children with cancers, in particular soft-tissue sarcomas, adrenocortical carcinomas, central nervous system tumours, or among adult females with early breast cancers, without familial history. This justifies the expansion of the LFS concept to a wider cancer predisposition syndrome designated heritable TP53-related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome; (ii) the interpretation of germline TP53 variants remains challenging and should integrate epidemiological, phenotypical, bioinformatics prediction, and functional data; (iii) the penetrance of germline disease-causing TP53 variants is variable, depending both on the type of variant (dominant-negative variants being associated with a higher cancer risk) and on modifying factors; (iv) whole-body MRI (WBMRI) allows early detection of tumours in variant carriers and (v) in cancer patients with germline disease-causing TP53 variants, radiotherapy, and conventional genotoxic chemotherapy contribute to the development of subsequent primary tumours. It is critical to perform TP53 testing before the initiation of treatment in order to avoid in carriers, if possible, radiotherapy and genotoxic chemotherapies. In children, the recommendations are to perform clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound every 6 months, annual WBMRI and brain MRI from the first year of life, if the TP53 variant is known to be associated with childhood cancers. In adults, the surveillance should include every year clinical examination, WBMRI, breast MRI in females from 20 until 65 years and brain MRI until 50 years.
Collapse
|