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Kok WE. Unravelling the gut hypothesis of heart failure with gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:242-244. [PMID: 38358030 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter E Kok
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang X, Gao J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Dai Z, Dai Q, Peng M, Xiao L, Jia X, Cai H, Mou T, Li X, Xu G. Detecting prokaryote-specific gene and other bacterial signatures in thrombi from patients with acute ischemic stroke. Thromb J 2024; 22:14. [PMID: 38263151 PMCID: PMC10807108 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Microbial infection has been associated with thrombogenesis. This study aimed to detect bacterium-specific genes and other signatures in thrombi from patients with acute ischemic stroke and to relate these signatures to clinical characteristics. METHODS Blood samples were collected before thrombectomy procedures, and thrombus samples were obtained during the procedure. Identification and classification of bacteria in the samples were accomplished using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterium-specific structures were observed with transmission electron microscopy. Bacterium-specific biomarkers were detected through immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS 16 S rRNA gene was detected in 32.1% of the thrombus samples from 81 patients. Bacillus (0.04% vs. 0.00046%, p = 0.003), Parabacteroides (0.20% vs. 0.09%, p = 0.029), Prevotella (1.57% vs. 0.38%, p = 0.010), Streptococcus (1.53% vs. 0.29%, p = 0.001), Romboutsia (0.18% vs. 0.0070%, p = 0.029), Corynebacterium (1.61% vs. 1.26%, p = 0.026) and Roseburia (0.53% vs. 0.05%, p = 0.005) exhibited significantly higher abundance in thrombi compared to arterial blood. Bacteria-like structures were observed in 22 (27.1%), while whole bacteria-like structures were observed in 7 (8.6%) thrombi under transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining detected bacterium-specific monocyte/macrophage markers in 51 (63.0%) out of 81 thrombi. Logistic regression analysis indicated that alcohol consumption was associated with a higher bacteria burden in thrombi (odds ratio = 3.19; 95% CI, 1.10-9.27; p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Bacterial signatures usually found in the oral cavity and digestive tract were detected in thrombi from patients with ischemic stroke. This suggests a potential involvement of bacterial infection in the development of thrombosis. Long-term alcohol consumption may potentially enhance this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengze Dai
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiliang Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuerong Jia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haodi Cai
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tao Mou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Wu W, Zhu Y, Liu X. The Role of Bile Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases: from Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Aging Dis 2022; 14:261-282. [PMID: 37008052 PMCID: PMC10017164 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs), key regulators in the metabolic network, are not only involved in lipid digestion and absorption but also serve as potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Studies have shown that cardiac dysfunction is associated with abnormal BA metabolic pathways. As ligands for several nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, BAs systematically regulate the homeostasis of metabolism and participate in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanism by which BAs trigger CVDs remains controversial. Therefore, the regulation of BA signal transduction by modulating the synthesis and composition of BAs is an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies for CVDs. Here, we mainly summarized the metabolism of BAs and their role in cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes in CVDs. Moreover, we comprehensively discussed the clinical prospects of BAs in CVDs and analyzed the clinical diagnostic and application value of BAs. The latest development prospects of BAs in the field of new drug development are also prospected. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of BAs treatment in CVDs, and the relationship between BAs and CVDs may provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junteng Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Xiaojing Liu (), and Prof. Ye Zhu (), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Xiaojing Liu (), and Prof. Ye Zhu (), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Anselmi G, Gagliardi L, Egidi G, Leone S, Gasbarrini A, Miggiano GAD, Galiuto L. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Critical Review. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:195-204. [PMID: 32639240 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human intestine contains the largest and most diverse ecosystem of microbes. The main function of the intestinal bacterial flora is to limit the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, the intestinal microbiota is increasingly emerging as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, bile acids, and polyphenols play a pivotal role in maintaining healthy cardiovascular function, and when dysregulated, can potentially lead to CVD. In particular, changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have been associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain yet to be fully understood. Therefore, the microbiota and its metabolites have become a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition to a varied and balanced diet, the use of prebiotic and probiotic treatments or selective trimethylamine-N-oxide inhibitors could play a pivotal role in the prevention of CVD, especially in patients with a high metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Anselmi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Egidi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Leone
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonarda Galiuto
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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5
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Cooke CG, Gibb Z, Harnett JE. The Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Probiotic Bacteria for Equine Use. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103407. [PMID: 33781424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are used widely as nutritional supplements and treatment interventions in the management of livestock and companion animals. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence reporting on the safety, tolerability and efficacy of probiotic bacteria use in horses. An online search of five databases for studies reporting on the use of probiotic bacteria use in horses which were either healthy or had a gastrointestinal or extraintestinal disease was conducted. A total of 18 articles were eligible for full review. No clear benefits were identified to support supplementation of equids with probiotic bacteria to improve starch and fiber digestion, nor for the treatment of colic or prevention of salmonellosis. Conflicting results were seen with the management of scouring in neonatal foals. Exacerbation of diarrhea and additional adverse events were reported in response to the administration of high doses of novel probiotic bacterial species. Probiotic bacteria given to exercising horses, improved aerobic fitness and stamina. The majority of probiotic bacterial species used in equine studies are bacterial species commonly used for human consumption and indigenous to the human gastrointestinal microbiota. There is a paucity of evidence to support the use of probiotic bacteria in the health maintenance and disease management of horses. While there are unclear and conflicting results associated with probiotic bacteria use for gastrointestinal conditions in both horses and foals, the administration of multistrain bacterial formulations to increase stamina in exercising horses shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giselle Cooke
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna E Harnett
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Jourová L, Lišková B, Lněničková K, Zemanová N, Anzenbacher P, Hermanová P, Hudcovic T, Kozáková H, Anzenbacherová E. Presence or absence of microbiome modulates the response of mice organism to administered drug nabumetone. Physiol Res 2020; 69:S583-S594. [PMID: 33646003 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota provides a wide range of beneficial functions for the host, and has an immense effect on the host's health status. The presence of microbiome in the gut may often influence the effect of an orally administered drug. Molecular mechanisms of this process are however mostly unclear. We investigated how the effect of a nonsteroidal drug nabumetone on expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in mice intestine and liver is changed by the presence of microbiota, here, using the germ free (GF) and specific pathogen free (SPF) BALB/c mice. First, we have found in a preliminary experiment that in the GF mice there is a tendency to increase bioavailability of the active form of nabumetone, which we have found now to be possibly influenced by differences in expression of DMEs in the GF and SPF mice. Indeed, we have observed that the expression of the most of selected cytochromes P450 (CYPs) was significantly changed in the small intestine of GF mice compared to the SPF ones. Moreover, orally administered nabumetone itself altered the expression of some CYPs and above all, in different ways in the GF and SPF mice. In the GF mice, the expression of the DMEs (CYP1A) responsible for the formation of active form of the drug are significantly increased in the small intestine and liver after nabumetone application. These results highlight the importance of gut microbiome in processes involved in drug metabolism in the both gastrointestinal tract and in the liver with possible clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jourová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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7
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Oynotkinova OS, Nikonov EL, Demidova TY, Baranov AP, Kryukov EV, Dedov EI, Karavashkina EA. [Changes in the intestinal microbiota as a risk factor for dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and the role of probiotics in their prevention]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:94-101. [PMID: 33346437 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.09.000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The review presents an analysis of studies on the role of the intestinal microbiota and microbiome in lipid metabolism and the development of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The role of the intestine as a metabolic organ with a multifactorial strain evolution, involved in lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and enterohepatic circulation is shown. The influence of microbial imbalance on the development of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis is considered. Special attention is paid to preventive therapy with hypolipidemic probiotics. It is shown that the use of probiotics with hypolipidemic properties and consisting of a mixture of such strains asLactobacillus plantarumCECT7527, CET7528 and CECT7529, mixtures ofLactobacillus acidophilusLa-5,Bifidobacterium lactisBB-12,Bifidobacterium animalis lactisBB-12 contribute to reducing the level of LDL-C, CCS, TG, are safe and well tolerated, can be used as an adjuvant non-drug therapy in combination with hypolipidemic drugs for dyslipidemia, multifocal atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Oynotkinova
- Research Institute of the Organization of Health Care and Medical Management.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.,Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - E L Nikonov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - T Y Demidova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A P Baranov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.,Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | | | - E I Dedov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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8
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for multidrug-resistant organism: Efficacy and Response prediction. J Infect 2020; 81:719-725. [PMID: 32920061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) is increasing the frequency of poor clinical outcomes, prolonging hospitalizations, and raising healthcare costs. This study evaluated the eradication efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and identified microbial and functional biomarkers of MDRO decolonization. METHODS Fecal solution obtained from healthy unrelated donors was infused in the participants' guts which had been colonized with carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriacea (CPE), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), or both CPE and VRE. Fecal samples from recipients were collected and microbiome changes before and after FMT were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-four (68.6%) out of 35 patients were decolonized within one year of receiving FMT. Multivariate analysis showed that FMT (FMT: hazard ratio (HR) = 5.343, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.877-15.212, p = 0.002) and MDRO types (CPE: HR = 11.146, 95% CI = 2.420-51.340, p = 0.002; CPE/VRE: HR = 2.948, 95% CI = 1.200-7.246, p = 0.018; VRE served as the reference) were significant independent factors associated with time to decolonization. Microbiota analysis showed higher richness and biodiversity before FMT resulted in VRE decolonization. The species Clostridium ramosum and the genuses Anaerostipes and Eisenbergiella could serve as taxonomic biomarkers and K02017 could serve as a functional biomarker for VRE clearance. CONCLUSION FMT is an effective way to decolonize MDRO and its effectiveness may be predicted by microbiome analysis.
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9
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Nemet I, Saha PP, Gupta N, Zhu W, Romano KA, Skye SM, Cajka T, Mohan ML, Li L, Wu Y, Funabashi M, Ramer-Tait AE, Naga Prasad SV, Fiehn O, Rey FE, Tang WHW, Fischbach MA, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. A Cardiovascular Disease-Linked Gut Microbial Metabolite Acts via Adrenergic Receptors. Cell 2020; 180:862-877.e22. [PMID: 32142679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Using untargeted metabolomics (n = 1,162 subjects), the plasma metabolite (m/z = 265.1188) phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) was discovered and then shown in an independent cohort (n = 4,000 subjects) to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death). A gut microbiota-derived metabolite, PAGln, was shown to enhance platelet activation-related phenotypes and thrombosis potential in whole blood, isolated platelets, and animal models of arterial injury. Functional and genetic engineering studies with human commensals, coupled with microbial colonization of germ-free mice, showed the microbial porA gene facilitates dietary phenylalanine conversion into phenylacetic acid, with subsequent host generation of PAGln and phenylacetylglycine (PAGly) fostering platelet responsiveness and thrombosis potential. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies employing genetic and pharmacological tools reveal PAGln mediates cellular events through G-protein coupled receptors, including α2A, α2B, and β2-adrenergic receptors. PAGln thus represents a new CVD-promoting gut microbiota-dependent metabolite that signals via adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Prasenjit Prasad Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nilaksh Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Weifei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kymberleigh A Romano
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah M Skye
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tomas Cajka
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Masanori Funabashi
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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10
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Koopen AM, de Clercq NC, Warmbrunn MV, Herrema H, Davids M, de Groot PF, Kootte RS, Bouter KEC, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Prodan A. Plasma Metabolites Related to Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity Are Not Directly Linked to Gut Microbiota Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082308. [PMID: 32752028 PMCID: PMC7469041 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma metabolites affect a range of metabolic functions in humans, including insulin sensitivity (IS). A subset of these plasma metabolites is modified by the gut microbiota. To identify potential microbial–metabolite pathways involved in IS, we investigated the link between plasma metabolites, gut microbiota composition, and IS, using the gold-standard for peripheral and hepatic IS measurement in a group of participants with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). In a cross-sectional study with 115 MetSyn participants, fasting plasma samples were collected for untargeted metabolomics analysis and fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to assess peripheral and hepatic IS. Collected data were integrated and potential interdependence between metabolites, gut microbiota, and IS was analyzed using machine learning prediction models. Plasma metabolites explained 13.2% and 16.7% of variance in peripheral and hepatic IS, respectively. Fecal microbiota composition explained 4.2% of variance in peripheral IS and was not related to hepatic IS. Although metabolites could partially explain the variances in IS, the top metabolites related to peripheral and hepatic IS did not significantly correlate with gut microbiota composition (both on taxonomical level and alpha-diversity). However, all plasma metabolites could explain 18.5% of the variance in microbial alpha-diversity (Shannon); the top 20 metabolites could even explain 44.5% of gut microbial alpha-diversity. In conclusion, plasma metabolites could partially explain the variance in peripheral and hepatic IS; however, these metabolites were not directly linked to the gut microbiota composition, underscoring the intricate relation between plasma metabolites, the gut microbiota, and IS in MetSyn
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Affiliation(s)
- Annefleur M. Koopen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.); (N.C.d.C.)
| | - Nicolien C. de Clercq
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.); (N.C.d.C.)
| | - Moritz V. Warmbrunn
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Pieter F. de Groot
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Ruud S. Kootte
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Kristien E. C. Bouter
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
- Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.W.); (H.H.); (M.D.); (P.F.d.G.); (R.S.K.); (K.E.C.B.); (M.N.); (A.K.G.); (A.P.)
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11
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Liu F, Fan C, Zhang L, Li Y, Hou H, Ma Y, Fan J, Tan Y, Wu T, Jia S, Zhang Y. Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Tibetan Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:373. [PMID: 32793515 PMCID: PMC7390946 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to gut microbiota, which may be significantly affected by ethnicity and the environment. Knowledge regarding the gut microbiome of Tibetan CHD patients living in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is very limited. In this study, we characterized the physiological parameters and gut microbiota from 23 healthy Tibetans (HT), 18 CHD patients, and 12 patients with non-stenosis coronary heart disease (NCHD). We analyzed the alterations of the gut microbiome in CHD patients and investigated the relationship between these alterations and the pathological indicators. We found no changes in trimethylamine N-oxide, however, a significant increase in lipopolysaccharides and white blood cells, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein were observed in the blood of CHD patients, compared to that in the HT group. The gut microbiota of the NCHD group had a significantly higher Shannon index than that of the HT group. Adonis analysis showed that both microbial compositions and functions of the three groups were significantly separated. The Dialister genus was significantly lower and Blautia, Desulfovibrio, and Succinivibrio were significantly higher in abundance in CHD patients compared with the HT group, and the changes were significantly correlated with physiological indexes, such as increased lipopolysaccharides. Moreover, enrichment of genes decreased in four pathways of amino acid metabolism, such as arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism, although two lipid metabolism pathways, including fatty acid degradation and arachidonic acid metabolism, increased in the CHD group. Additionally, occupation and a family history of CHD were shown to be risk factors and affected the gut microbiota in Tibetans. Our study will provide insights into the understanding of CHD, leading to better diagnosis and treatment of Tibetan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Haiwen Hou
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jinhua Fan
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yueqin Tan
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China.,Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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12
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K. Lactobacillus-Derived Bioactive Metabolites for the Regulation of Periodontal Health: Evidences to Clinical Setting. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092088. [PMID: 32365716 PMCID: PMC7248875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating host metabolism that affects the systemic health. To date, several studies have confirmed the fact that microbiota interacts with host, modulating immunity, controlling the homeostasis environment, and maintaining systemic condition. Recent studies have focused on the protective function of poly unsaturated fatty acids, 10-oxo-trans-11-oxadecenoic acid (KetoC) and 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), generated by gut microbiota on periodontal disease. Nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear as investigations are limited to in vivo and in vitro studies. In this present review, we found that the administration of metabolites, KetoC and HYA, by a probiotic gut microbiota Lactobacillus plantarum from linoleic acid is found to inhibit the oxidation process, possess an antimicrobial function, and prevent the inflammation. These findings suggest the promising use of functional lipids for human health. Conclusion: Protective modalities of bioactive metabolites may support periodontal therapy by suppressing bacterial dysbiosis and regulating periodontal homeostasis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; or
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-0744
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13
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Georgescu D, Iurciuc MS, Ionita I, Dragan S, Muntean M, Ancusa OE, Reisz D, Ionita M, Lighezan D. Migraine without Aura and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Females: Is Gut Microbiota to Blame? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E786. [PMID: 31888137 PMCID: PMC6956152 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Migraine with aura (MA) could be considered a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and cardio-vascular events. However, less is known about the relation between migraine without aura (MWA) and atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to assess whether young female migraineurs, with alterations of gut microbiota could associate early atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional, pilot study concerning 105 consecutive young females having MWA, with recent normal brain scans, that were free of cardio-vascular risk factors, non-smokers, not on oral contraception, not pregnant, and without thyroid or parathyroid diseases, chronic organ failure, cancer, or on probiotic or antibiotic treatment. Consecutive to assessment of gut microbiota, patients were assigned to two groups: dysbiosis positive (n = 45) and dysbiosis negative (n = 60). All study participants underwent clinical examinations with an assessment of migraine severity, body mass index and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as well as laboratory workups. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-squared test (χ2), a two-tailed t-test and a nonparametric Spearman's correlation test. Results: The dysbiosis positive migraineurs showed a significant increase in CIMT along with several anthropometrical, biological and clinical particularities. Significant positive correlations between dysbiosis and CIMT, glycosylated hemoglobin, migraine severity and duration, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and body mass index were found. Conclusions: Young female migraineurs with significant alterations of gut microbiota experienced early signs of atherosclerosis and displayed severe migraine disability, as well as multiple biological and clinical particularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Georgescu
- Department of Internal Medicine,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.I.); (M.M.); (O.E.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mircea Stefan Iurciuc
- Department of Cardiology,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Department of Internal Medicine,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.I.); (M.M.); (O.E.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Simona Dragan
- Department of Cardiology,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Muntean
- Department of Internal Medicine,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.I.); (M.M.); (O.E.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Oana Elena Ancusa
- Department of Internal Medicine,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.I.); (M.M.); (O.E.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Daniela Reisz
- Department of Neurology,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mihai Ionita
- Department of Internal Medicine,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.I.); (M.M.); (O.E.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Daniel Lighezan
- Department of Internal Medicine,“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.I.); (M.M.); (O.E.A.); (M.I.)
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14
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The Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease and Arterial Thrombosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120691. [PMID: 31847071 PMCID: PMC6956001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Metabolites from the gut microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and short chain fatty acids, were identified as messengers that induce cell type-specific signaling mechanisms and immune reactions in the host vasculature, impacting the development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, microbial-associated molecular patterns drive atherogenesis and the microbiota was recently demonstrated to promote arterial thrombosis through Toll-like receptor signaling. Furthermore, by the use of germ-free mouse models, the presence of a gut microbiota was shown to influence the synthesis of endothelial adhesion molecules. Hence, the gut microbiota is increasingly being recognized as an influencing factor of arterial thrombosis and attempts of dietary pre- or probiotic modulation of the commensal microbiota, to reduce cardiovascular risk, are becoming increasingly significant.
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15
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Ahmad AF, Dwivedi G, O'Gara F, Caparros-Martin J, Ward NC. The gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H923-H938. [PMID: 31469291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00376.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The human body is populated by a diverse community of microbes, dominated by bacteria, but also including viruses and fungi. The largest and most complex of these communities is located in the gastrointestinal system and, with its associated genome, is known as the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome perturbations and related dysbiosis have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Although there have been advances in the characterization and analysis of the gut microbiota and associated bacterial metabolites, the exact mechanisms through which they exert their action are not well understood. This review will focus on the role of the gut microbiome and associated functional components in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Potential treatments to alter the gut microbiome to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and CVD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilah F Ahmad
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jose Caparros-Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Pietiäinen M, Liljestrand JM, Kopra E, Pussinen PJ. Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 126 Suppl 1:26-36. [PMID: 30178551 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through systemic inflammation as the etiopathogenic link. Whether the oral microbiota, especially its quality, quantity, serology, and virulence factors, plays a role in atherogenesis is not clarified. Patients with periodontitis are exposed to bacteria and their products, which have access to the circulation directly through inflamed oral tissues and indirectly (via saliva) through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in systemic inflammatory and immunologic responses. Periodontitis is associated with persistent endotoxemia, which has been identified as a notable cardiometabolic risk factor. The serology of bacterial biomarkers for oral dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis, prevalent and future coronary artery disease, and incident and recurrent stroke. In addition to species-specific antibodies, the immunologic response includes persistent, cross-reactive, proatherogenic antibodies against host-derived antigens. Periodontitis may affect lipoprotein metabolism at all levels, and all lipoprotein classes are affected. Periodontitis or its bacterial signatures may be involved not only in increased storage of proatherogenic lipids but also in attenuation of the anti-atherogenic processes, thereby putatively increasing the net risk of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarize possible molecular mediators between the dysbiotic oral microbiota and atherosclerotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John M Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Trautwein EA, Peters HP, Mela DJ, Edwards C, Herrema H, Fu J, Geldof M, Albers R. Is gut microbiota a relevant and competitive dietary target for cardio-metabolic health? Proceedings of an expert workshop. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Zhu Q, Gao R, Zhang Y, Pan D, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Yang R, Jiang R, Xu Y, Qin H. Dysbiosis signatures of gut microbiota in coronary artery disease. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:893-903. [PMID: 30192713 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00070.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been considered to be an important risk factor that contributes to coronary artery disease (CAD), but limited evidence exists about the involvement of gut microbiota in the disease. Our study aimed to characterize the dysbiosis signatures of gut microbiota in coronary artery disease. The gut microbiota represented in stool samples were collected from 70 patients with coronary artery disease and 98 healthy controls. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied, and bioinformatics methods were used to decipher taxon signatures and function alteration, as well as the microbial network and diagnostic model of gut microbiota in coronary artery disease. Gut microbiota showed decreased diversity and richness in patients with coronary artery disease. The composition of the microbial community changed; Escherichia-Shigella [false discovery rate (FDR = 7.5*10−5] and Enterococcus (FDR = 2.08*10−7) were significant enriched, while Faecalibacterium (FDR = 6.19*10−10), Subdoligranulum (FDR = 1.63*10−6), Roseburia (FDR = 1.95*10−9), and Eubacterium rectale (FDR = 2.35*10−4) were significant depleted in the CAD group. Consistent with the taxon changes, functions such as amino acid metabolism, phosphotransferase system, propanoate metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and protein and tryptophan metabolism were found to be enhanced in CAD patients. The microbial network revealed that Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella were the microbiotas that dominated in the healthy control and CAD groups, respectively. The microbial diagnostic model based on random forest also showed probability in identifying those who suffered from CAD. Our study successfully identifies the dysbiosis signature, dysfunctions, and comprehensive networks of gut microbiota in CAD patients. Thus, modulation targeting the gut microbiota may be a novel strategy for CAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengdeng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ma J, Li H. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1082. [PMID: 30319417 PMCID: PMC6167910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of gut microbiota in maintaining human health. Gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, CVD has become the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries. In this review, we mainly discuss the gut microbiota-involved mechanisms of CVD focusing on atherosclerosis and hypertension, two major risk factors for serious CVD. Then, we briefly discuss the prospects of gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Roberts AB, Gu X, Buffa JA, Hurd AG, Wang Z, Zhu W, Gupta N, Skye SM, Cody DB, Levison BS, Barrington WT, Russell MW, Reed JM, Duzan A, Lang JM, Fu X, Li L, Myers AJ, Rachakonda S, DiDonato JA, Brown JM, Gogonea V, Lusis AJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Hazen SL. Development of a gut microbe-targeted nonlethal therapeutic to inhibit thrombosis potential. Nat Med 2018; 24:1407-1417. [PMID: 30082863 PMCID: PMC6129214 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite that enhances both platelet responsiveness and in vivo thrombosis potential in animal models, and TMAO plasma levels predict incident atherothrombotic event risks in human clinical studies. TMAO is formed by gut microbe-dependent metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA) moiety-containing nutrients, which are abundant in a Western diet. Here, using a mechanism-based inhibitor approach targeting a major microbial TMA-generating enzyme pair, CutC and CutD (CutC/D), we developed inhibitors that are potent, time-dependent, and irreversible and that do not affect commensal viability. In animal models, a single oral dose of a CutC/D inhibitor significantly reduced plasma TMAO levels for up to 3 d and rescued diet-induced enhanced platelet responsiveness and thrombus formation, without observable toxicity or increased bleeding risk. The inhibitor selectively accumulated within intestinal microbes to millimolar levels, a concentration over 1-million-fold higher than needed for a therapeutic effect. These studies reveal that mechanism-based inhibition of gut microbial TMA and TMAO production reduces thrombosis potential, a critical adverse complication in heart disease. They also offer a generalizable approach for the selective nonlethal targeting of gut microbial enzymes linked to host disease limiting systemic exposure of the inhibitor in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Roberts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Buffa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex G Hurd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weifei Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nilaksh Gupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah M Skye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David B Cody
- Life Sciences Transformative Platform Technologies, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce S Levison
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William T Barrington
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew W Russell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jodie M Reed
- Life Sciences Transformative Platform Technologies, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashraf Duzan
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lang
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex J Myers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Suguna Rachakonda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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González-Sarrías A, Romo-Vaquero M, García-Villalba R, Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Espín JC. The Endotoxemia Marker Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein is Reduced in Overweight-Obese Subjects Consuming Pomegranate Extract by Modulating the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800160. [PMID: 29665619 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier failure, obesity, metabolic endotoxemia, and pro-inflammatory status promote cardiovascular risk. However, the modulation of the gut microbiome to prevent endotoxemia in obesity has been scarcely studied. We investigated the association between gut microbiota modulation and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a surrogate marker of endotoxemia, in overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized trial, 49 overweight-obese subjects (body mass index> 27 kg m-2 ) with mild hypelipidemia daily consumed, in a cross-over fashion, two doses (D1 and D2, lasting 3 weeks each) of pomegranate extract (PE) or placebo alternating with 3 weeks of wash-out periods. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) of plasma LBP and a marginal decrease (p = 0.054) of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were observed, but only after PE-D2 administration (656 mg phenolics). 16S rDNA sequencing analyses revealed the increase of microorganisms important for maintaining normal balance of gut microbiota and gut barrier function, particularly Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Odoribacter, and Butyricimonas. PE-D2 also decreased pro-inflammatory microorganisms including Parvimonas, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanosphaera. Remarkably, plasma LBP reduction was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both Faecalibacterium and Odoribacter increase and Parvimonas decrease. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of PE decreased endotoxemia in overweight-obese individuals by reshaping the gut microbiota, mainly through the modulation of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Parvimonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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22
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Targher G, Lonardo A, Byrne CD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:99-114. [PMID: 29286050 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus are common diseases that often coexist and might act synergistically to increase the risk of hepatic and extra-hepatic clinical outcomes. NAFLD affects up to 70-80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and up to 30-40% of adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The coexistence of NAFLD and diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing not only the more severe forms of NAFLD but also chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Indeed, substantial evidence links NAFLD with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAFLD is also associated with an increased risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications, especially chronic kidney disease. This Review focuses on the strong association between NAFLD and the risk of chronic vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus, thereby promoting an increased awareness of the extra-hepatic implications of this increasingly prevalent and burdensome liver disease. We also discuss the putative underlying mechanisms by which NAFLD contributes to vascular diseases, as well as the emerging role of changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense, Via Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences (IDS), MP887, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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23
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Lyu M, Wang YF, Fan GW, Wang XY, Xu SY, Zhu Y. Balancing Herbal Medicine and Functional Food for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases through Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2146. [PMID: 29167659 PMCID: PMC5682319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that gut microbiota is closely associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), and alteration in microbiome compositions is also linked to the host environment. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated in-depth studies on the effects of herbal medicine and functional food on gut microbiota. Both herbal medicine and functional food contain fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides, exerting prebiotics-like activities in the prevention and treatment of CMDs. The administrations of herbal medicine and functional food lead to increased the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella, while reducing phylum Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in gut. Both herbal medicine and functional food interact with gut microbiome and alter the microbial metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are now correlated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, trimethylamine (TMA)-N-oxide (TMAO) is recently linked to atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Moreover, gut-organs axes may serve as the potential strategy for treating CMDs with the intervention of herbal medicine and functional food. In summary, a balance between herbal medicine and functional food rich in fiber, polyphenols and polysaccharides plays a vital role in modulating gut microbiota (phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Akkermansia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella) through SCFAs, BAs, LPS and TMAO signaling regarding CMDs. Targeting gut-organs axes may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for CMDs by herbal medicine and functional food in the future. This review aims to summarize the balance between herbal medicine and functional food utilized for the prevention and treatment of CMDs through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan-Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Program, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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24
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Padhi EM, Ramdath DD. A review of the relationship between pulse consumption and reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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25
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Byproduct Cross Feeding and Community Stability in an In Silico Biofilm Model of the Gut Microbiome. Processes (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/pr5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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26
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Tremellen K, McPhee N, Pearce K. Metabolic endotoxaemia related inflammation is associated with hypogonadism in overweight men. Basic Clin Androl 2017; 27:5. [PMID: 28286655 PMCID: PMC5341351 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-017-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with both impaired testosterone production and a chronic state of low grade inflammation. Previously it was believed that this inflammation was mediated by a decline in the immunosuppressive action of testosterone. However, more recently an alternative hypothesis (GELDING theory) has suggested that inflammation originating from the passage of intestinal bacteria into the circulation (metabolic endotoxaemia) may actually be the cause of impaired testicular function in obese men. The aim of this study is to investigate if metabolic endotoxaemia, as quantified by serum Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP), is associated with impaired testicular endocrine function. METHODS A total of 50 men aged between 21 and 50 years (mean 35.1 ± 6.8 years) were assessed for adiposity (BMI, waist circumference and % body fat using bio-impedance), inflammatory status (serum CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and LBP) and testicular endocrine function (serum testosterone, estradiol, AMH, LH and FSH). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, with log transformation of data where appropriate, and multi-variate regression. RESULTS Overall increasing adiposity (% body fat) was positively associated with metabolic endotoxaemia (LBP, r = 0.366, p = 0.009) and inflammation (CRP r = 0.531, p < 0.001; IL-6 r = 0.463, p = 0.001), while also being negatively correlated with serum testosterone (r = -0.403, p = 0.004). Serum testosterone levels were significantly negatively correlated with inflammation (CRP r = -0.471, p = 0.001; IL-6 r = -0.516, p < 0.001) and endotoxaemia (LBP) after adjusting for serum LH levels (p = -0.317, p = 0.03). Furthermore, serum IL-6 was negatively associated with AMH levels (r = -0.324, p = 0.023), with a negative trend between LBP and AMH also approaching significance (r = -0.267, p = 0.064). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and its associated metabolic endotoxaemia helps initiate a pro-inflammatory state characterised by raised serum IL-6 levels, which in turn is correlated with impairment of both Leydig (testosterone) and Sertoli cell function (AMH). These results open up the potential for new treatments of obesity related male hypogonadism that focus on preventing the endotoxaemia associated chronic inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia.,Repromed, 180 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, South Australia
| | - Natalie McPhee
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia
| | - Karma Pearce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia
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27
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Lu Y, Chen C. Metabolomics: Bridging Chemistry and Biology in Drug Discovery and Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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28
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Oikonomou E, Tousoulis D. Novel risk factors’ hunting. Lessons from the study of older olds. Hellenic J Cardiol 2016; 57:415-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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