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Wu M, Chen C, Wang Z, Bachman H, Ouyang Y, Huang PH, Sadovsky Y, Huang TJ. Separating extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins via acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1174-1182. [PMID: 30806400 PMCID: PMC6453118 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoproteins are abundant and co-exist in blood. Both have been proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers and for therapeutics. However, EVs and lipoproteins are both on the submicron scale and overlap in size distributions. Conventional methods to separate EVs and lipoproteins are inefficient and time-consuming. Here we present an acoustofluidic-based separation technique that is based on the acoustic property differences of EVs and lipoproteins. By using the acoustofluidic technology, EVs and subgroups of lipoproteins are separated in a label-free, contact-free, and continuous manner. With its ability for simple, rapid, efficient, continuous-flow isolation, our acoustofluidic technology could be a valuable tool for health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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2
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Palomäki A, Hällberg V, Ala-Korpela M, Kovanen PT, Malminiemi K. Prompt impact of first prospective statin mega-trials on postoperative lipid management of CABG patients: a 20-year follow-up in a single hospital. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:124. [PMID: 27460359 PMCID: PMC4962493 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term success of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) depends on secondary prevention. Vast evidence provided by the results of cholesterol mega-trials over two decades has shown that effective reduction of LDL cholesterol improves the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. However, the implementation of these results into the clinical practice has turned out to be challenging. We analysed how the information derived from clinical statin trials and international recommendations affected the local treatment practices of dyslipidaemia of CABG patients during a 20-year time period. METHODS The cohort includes all CABG patients (n = 953) treated in Kanta-Häme Central Hospital during the time period 1990-2009. At the postoperative visits in the cardiology outpatient clinic, each patient's statin prescription was recorded, and blood lipids were determined. RESULTS During 1990-1994, 12.0 % of patients were on statins and during the following 5-year time periods the proportion was 57.2, 82.2 and 96.8 %, respectively. During the 20-year observation period (1990-2009), the effective statin dose increased progressively during these 5-year periods up to 36-fold, while the mean concentration of LDL cholesterol decreased from 3.7 to 2.1 mmol/l and that of apolipoprotein B from 1.3 to 0.8 g/l. In the very last year of follow-up, the mean concentrations of LDL-C and apoB were 1.83 mmol/l and 0.78 g/l, respectively. The most prominent increase in statin use and dosage took place during 1994-1996 and 2003-2005, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among CABG patients the lipid-lowering efficacy of statin therapy improved dramatically since 1994. This progress was accompanied by significant and favourable changes of lipid and apolipoprotein-B values. This study shows that it is possible to effectively improve lipid treatment policy once the results of relevant trials are available, and that this may happen even before international or national guidelines have been updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palomäki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, FIN-13530, Hämeenlinna, Finland.,Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - V Hällberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, FIN-13530, Hämeenlinna, Finland. .,Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - M Ala-Korpela
- University of Oulu, Institute of Health Sciences, Computational Medicine and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,School of Social and Community Medicine and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Computational Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P T Kovanen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Malminiemi
- Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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3
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Mondal S, Raja K, Schweizer U, Mugesh G. Chemie und Biologie der Schilddrüsenhormon-Biosynthese und -Wirkung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Indien
| | - Karuppusamy Raja
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Indien
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie; Nussallee 11 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Indien
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4
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Mondal S, Raja K, Schweizer U, Mugesh G. Chemistry and Biology in the Biosynthesis and Action of Thyroid Hormones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7606-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Karuppusamy Raja
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
| | - Ulrich Schweizer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie; Nussallee 11 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
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Meaney E, Sierra-Vargas P, Meaney A, Guzmán-Grenfell M, Ramírez-Sánchez I, Hicks JJ, Olivares-Corichi I, Ceballos G. Erratum to "Does Metformin Increase Paraoxonase Activity in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome? Additional Data from the MEFISTO Study". Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:873. [PMID: 31283806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00391.x.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Meaney
- Cardiovascular UnitRegional Hospital "1o de Octubre"ISSSTEMexico CityMexico.,Postgraduate Studies and Research SectionSuperior School of MedicineNational Polytechnique InstituteMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Alejandra Meaney
- Postgraduate Studies and Research SectionSuperior School of MedicineNational Polytechnique InstituteMexico CityMexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Cardiovascular UnitRegional Hospital "1o de Octubre"ISSSTEMexico CityMexico
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Meaney E, Sierra-Vargas P, Meaney A, Guzmán-Grenfell M, Ramírez-Sánchez I, Hicks JJ, Olivares-Corichi I, Ceballos G. Does metformin increase paraoxonase activity in patients with the metabolic syndrome? Additional data from the MEFISTO study. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:265-8. [PMID: 22686204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a subanalysis on the metformin, arterial function, intima-media thickness, and nitroxidation in the metabolic syndrome (MEFISTO)(8) (an open-label fashion, with 1 year of 850 mg daily of metformin) subjects' samples, we measured the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in 39 patients that finished the study and relate values with high density lipoprotein (HDL). The comparative PON1 activities at the beginning and at the end of the study were 5.528 ± 0.588 and 4.743 ± 0.619 nmol/mg protein/min (NS) for control group and 3.229 ± 0.403 and 5.135 ± 0.585 nmol/mg protein/min (p < 0.02) for the metformin group. Our data showed an enhance of PON1 activity in patients with metabolic syndrome treated with metformin, although in them, the raise of HDL concentration was less than control patients, suggesting that the increase in quality (measured here as PON1 activity) could be at least as important as an increase in its concentration. Our results point out that there is a relationship among PON1 activity and the reduction of carotideal intima-media thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Meaney
- Cardiovascular Unit, Regional Hospital 1o de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Folded functional lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I obtained by heating of high-density lipoproteins: relevance to high-density lipoprotein biogenesis. Biochem J 2012; 442:703-12. [PMID: 22150513 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HDL (high-density lipoproteins) remove cell cholesterol and protect from atherosclerosis. The major HDL protein is apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I). Most plasma apoA-I circulates in lipoproteins, yet ~5% forms monomeric lipid-poor/free species. This metabolically active species is a primary cholesterol acceptor and is central to HDL biogenesis. Structural properties of lipid-poor apoA-I are unclear due to difficulties in isolating this transient species. We used thermal denaturation of human HDL to produce lipid-poor apoA-I. Analysis of the isolated lipid-poor fraction showed a protein/lipid weight ratio of 3:1, with apoA-I, PC (phosphatidylcholine) and CE (cholesterol ester) at approximate molar ratios of 1:8:1. Compared with lipid-free apoA-I, lipid-poor apoA-I showed slightly altered secondary structure and aromatic packing, reduced thermodynamic stability, lower self-associating propensity, increased adsorption to phospholipid surface and comparable ability to remodel phospholipids and form reconstituted HDL. Lipid-poor apoA-I can be formed by heating of either plasma or reconstituted HDL. We propose the first structural model of lipid-poor apoA-I which corroborates its distinct biophysical properties and postulates the lipid-induced ordering of the labile C-terminal region. In summary, HDL heating produces folded functional monomolecular lipid-poor apoA-I that is distinct from lipid-free apoA-I. Increased adsorption to phospholipid surface and reduced C-terminal disorder may help direct lipid-poor apoA-I towards HDL biogenesis.
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Datta G, Gupta H, Zhang Z, Mayakonda P, Anantharamaiah G, White CR. HDL Mimetic Peptide Administration Improves Left Ventricular Filling and Cardiac output in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Rats. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY 2011; 2:1000172. [PMID: 23227448 PMCID: PMC3514969 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS: Cardiac dysfunction is a complication of sepsis and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Since raising plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration reduces sepsis complications, we tested the hypothesis that the apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F confers similar protective effects in rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized to receive saline vehicle (n=13), LPS (10 mg/kg: n=16) or LPS plus 4F (10 mg/kg each: n=13) by intraperitoneal injection. Plasma cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly elevated 24 hrs after LPS administration. Echocardiographic studies revealed changes in cardiac dimensions that resulted in a reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) 24 hrs after LPS administration. 4F treatment reduced plasma levels of inflammatory mediators and increased LV filling, resulting in improved cardiac performance. Chromatographic separation of lipoproteins from plasma of vehicle, LPS and LPS+4F rats revealed similar profiles. Further analyses showed that LPS treatment reduced the agarose electrophoretic mobility of isolated HDL fractions. HDL-associated proteins were characterized by SDSPAGE and mass spectrometry. ApoA-I and apoA-IV were reduced while apoE content was increased in LPStreated rats. 4F treatment in vivo attenuated changes in HDL-associated apolipoproteins and increased the electrophoretic mobility of the particle. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of 4F to reduce inflammation and improve cardiac performance in LPS-treated rats may be due to its capacity to neutralize endotoxin and prevent adverse changes in HDL composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Datta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - G.M. Anantharamaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C. Roger White
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HDL is a cardioprotective lipoprotein, at least in part, because of its ability to mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It is becoming increasingly clear that the antiatherogenic effects of HDL are not only dependent on its concentration in circulating blood but also on its biological 'quality'. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the biological activities of individual subclasses of HDL particles contribute to overall HDL performance in RCT. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work indicates that apolipoprotein A-I-containing nascent HDL particles are heterogeneous and that such particles exert different effects on the RCT pathway. RCT from macrophages has been examined in detail in mice and the roles of plasma factors (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesterol ester transfer protein, phospholipid transfer protein) and cell factors (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1, scavenger receptor class B type 1) have been evaluated. Manipulation of such factors has consistent effects on RCT and atherosclerosis, but the level of plasma HDL does not reliably predict the degree of RCT. Furthermore, HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A-I levels do not necessarily correlate with the magnitude of cholesterol efflux from macrophages; more understanding of the contributions of specific HDL subspecies is required. SUMMARY The antiatherogenic quality of HDL is defined by the functionality of HDL subspecies. In the case of RCT, the rate of cholesterol movement through the pathway is critical and the contributions of particular types of HDL particles to this process are becoming better defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H Rothblat
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4318, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight clinical trials that have employed coronary artery imaging to evaluate the impact of medical therapies that target established cardiovascular risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS High resolution imaging of the entire vessel wall permits assessment of changes in the full extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure are associated with the greatest benefit in terms of slowing disease progression. Therapeutic approaches that promote the biological activity of HDL have the potential to promote regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Targeting inflammatory cascades may also have a beneficial effect on the extent and composition of coronary plaque. SUMMARY Intensive modification of established risk factors has a profound impact on the natural history of atheroma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Nicholls
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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11
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Thyroid hormone mimetics: potential applications in atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8:308-20. [PMID: 19337272 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones influence heart rate, serum lipids, metabolic rate, body weight and multiple aspects of lipid, carbohydrate, protein and mineral metabolism. Although increased thyroid hormone levels can improve serum lipid profiles and reduce fat, these positive effects are counterbalanced by harmful effects on the heart, muscle and bone. Thus, attempts to use thyroid hormones for cholesterol-lowering and weight loss purposes have so far been limited. However, over the past decade, thyroid hormone analogues that are capable of uncoupling beneficial effects from deleterious effects have been developed. Such drugs could serve as powerful new tools to address two of the largest medical problems in developed countries--atherosclerosis and obesity.
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12
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Differential stability of high-density lipoprotein subclasses: effects of particle size and protein composition. J Mol Biol 2009; 387:628-38. [PMID: 19236880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complexes of proteins (mainly apoA-I and apoA-II) and lipids that remove cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis. Understanding the distinct properties of the heterogeneous HDL population may aid the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies for atherosclerosis. Mature human HDLs form two major subclasses differing in particle diameter and metabolic properties, HDL(2) (large) and HDL(3) (small). These subclasses are comprised of HDL(A-I) containing only apoA-I, and HDL(A-I/A-II) containing apoA-I and apoA-II. ApoA-I is strongly cardioprotective, but the function of the smaller, more hydrophobic apoA-II is unclear. ApoA-II is thought to counteract the cardioprotective action of apoA-I by stabilizing HDL particles and inhibiting their remodeling. To test this notion, we performed the first kinetic stability study of human HDL subclasses. The results revealed that the stability of plasma spherical HDL decreases with increasing particle diameter; which may facilitate preferential cholesterol ester uptake from large lipid-loaded HDL(2). Surprisingly, size-matched plasma HDL(A-I/A-II) showed comparable or slightly lower stability than HDL(A-I); this is consistent with the destabilization of model discoidal HDL observed upon increasing the A-II to A-I ratio. These results clarify the roles of the particle size and protein composition in HDL remodeling, and help reconcile conflicting reports regarding the role of apoA-II in this remodeling.
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13
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Patel S. High‐density lipoproteins: the next frontier in lipid management. Med J Aust 2008; 189:421-2. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
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14
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Imaging and echocardiography. Curr Opin Cardiol 2008; 23:512-5. [PMID: 18670264 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32830d843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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High-density lipoprotein and atheroma monitoring. Curr Opin Cardiol 2008; 23:386-92. [PMID: 18520724 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3283021c46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the use of arterial wall imaging to evaluate the impact of therapies that promote high-density lipoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS High-density lipoproteins possess a number of biological properties, which have a direct impact on the extent and composition of atherosclerosis. Arterial wall imaging has been employed to demonstrate the beneficial influence on atherosclerosis of a number of therapeutic agents that modify high-density lipoprotein. SUMMARY Atheroma imaging has become an integral component of the clinical development of novel therapeutic agents designed to promote the atheroprotective activity of high-density lipoprotein.
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Brown WM, Chiacchia FS. Therapies to Increase ApoA-I and HDL-Cholesterol Levels. Drug Target Insights 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/dti.s447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William M. Brown
- Resverlogix Corp., 202, 279 Midpark Way SE, Calgary, AB T2X 1M2, Canada
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Suckling K. The continuing complexities of high-density lipoprotein metabolism in drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:1133-6. [PMID: 17845140 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.9.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The termination of the Phase III clinical trial of Pfizer's CETP inhibitor torcetrapib, Investigation of lipid level management to understand its impact in atherosclerotic events (ILLUMINATE), due to excess mortality in the treatment group raised many questions for those involved in the discovery and development of drugs targeting high-density lipoprotein and of atherosclerosis in general. Although the reasons for the failure of torcetrapib are still not known, some of the consequences for the wider field are already apparent. Several imaging studies with torcetrapib showed no change in the various measures of lesion size, which gave some confidence in the interpretation of such studies. Although the case for raising high-density lipoprotein is strong and widely accepted, there will be a much closer interrogation of drugs targeting new mechanisms that will result in longer development times. In the meantime, existing drugs which modify high-density lipoprotein are being revisited, particularly niacin. This editorial commentary briefly discusses these and related issues from the perspective of 6 months following the termination of ILLUMINATE.
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