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Hanaki K, Kinoshita T, Fujimoto M, Sonoyama-Kawashima Y, Kanzaki S, Namba N. Alström Syndrome: A Review Focusing on Its Diverse Clinical Manifestations and Their Etiology as a Ciliopathy. Yonago Acta Med 2024; 67:93-99. [PMID: 38803594 PMCID: PMC11128078 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alström syndrome is a form of inherited obesity caused by a single gene abnormality and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is characterised by a variety of clinical manifestations, including progressive visual and hearing impairment, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hepatic and renal dysfunction, in addition to obesity. Recent insights underline the pivotal involvement of the disease-associated gene (ALMS1) in cilia formation and function, leading to the classification of its clinical manifestations as a ciliopathy. This review delineates the diverse clinical indicators defining the syndrome and elucidates its pathological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hanaki
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Division of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- Division of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Division of Pediatrics, Tottori Red Cross Hospital, Tottori 680-8517, Japan
| | - Masanobu Fujimoto
- Division of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Sonoyama-Kawashima
- Division of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Kanzaki
- Division of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Asahigawasou Rehabilitation and Medical Center, Okayama 703-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Division of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Lodato V, Parlapiano G, Calì F, Silvetti MS, Adorisio R, Armando M, El Hachem M, Romanzo A, Dionisi-Vici C, Digilio MC, Novelli A, Drago F, Raponi M, Baban A. Cardiomyopathies in Children and Systemic Disorders When Is It Useful to Look beyond the Heart? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:47. [PMID: 35200700 PMCID: PMC8877723 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CMP) is a rare disease in the pediatric population, with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The genetic etiology of CMPs in children is extremely heterogenous. These two factors play a major role in the difficulties of establishing standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Isolated CMP in children is a frequent finding, mainly caused by sarcomeric gene variants with a detection rate that can reach up to 50% of analyzed cohorts. Complex multisystemic forms of pediatric CMP are even more heterogenous. Few studies in literature take into consideration this topic as the main core since it represents a rarity (systemic CMP) within a rarity (pediatric population CMP). Identifying etiology in this cohort is essential for understanding prognosis, risk stratification, eligibility to heart transplantation and/or mechanical-assisted procedures, preventing multiorgan complications, and relatives' recurrence risk calculation. The previous points represent a cornerstone in patients' empowerment and personalized medical care approach. The aim of this work is to propose a new approach for an algorithm in the setting of the diagnostic framework of systemic pediatric CMP. On the other hand, during the literature review, we noticed a relatively common etiologic pattern in some forms of complex/multisystem CMP. In other words, certain syndromes such as Danon, Vici, Alström, Barth, and Myhre syndrome share a common pathway of directly or indirectly defective "autophagy" process, which appears to be a possible initiating/triggering factor for CMPs. This conjoint aspect could be important for possible prognostic/therapeutic implications in this category of patients. However, multicentric studies detailed functional and experimental models are needed prior to deriving conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lodato
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Giovanni Parlapiano
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Calì
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Massimo Stefano Silvetti
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Rachele Adorisio
- Heart Failure Clinic-Heart Failure, Heart Transplant, Mechanical Circulatory Support Unit, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Armando
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology and Genodermatosis Units, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonino Romanzo
- Ophtalmology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Massimiliano Raponi
- Medical Direction, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anwar Baban
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (G.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.S.); (F.D.)
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3
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Dassie F, Favaretto F, Bettini S, Parolin M, Valenti M, Reschke F, Danne T, Vettor R, Milan G, Maffei P. Alström syndrome: an ultra-rare monogenic disorder as a model for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Endocrine 2021; 71:618-625. [PMID: 33566311 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alström syndrome (ALMS) is a monogenic ultra-rare disorder with a prevalence of one per million inhabitants caused by pathogenic variants of ALMS1 gene. ALMS1 is located on chromosome 2p13, spans 23 exons and encodes a predicted 461.2-kDa protein of 4169 amino acids. The infantile cone-rod dystrophy with nystagmus and severe visual impairment is the earliest and most consistent clinical manifestation of ALMS. In addition, infantile transient cardiomyopathy, early childhood obesity with hyperphagia, deafness, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), systemic fibrosis and progressive renal or liver dysfunction are common findings. ALMS1 encodes a large ubiquitously expressed protein that is associated with the centrosome and the basal body of primary cilium. CURRENT RESEARCH The localisation of ALMS1 to the ciliary basal body suggests its contribution to ciliogenesis and/or normal ciliary function, or centriolar stability. ALMS1 regulate glucose transport through the actin cytoskeleton, which plays an important role in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 transport. Both extreme IR and β-cell failure are the two determinant factors responsible for the development of glucose metabolism alterations in ALMS. TREATMENT Currently, there is no known cure for ALMS other than managing the underlying systemic diseases. When possible, individuals with ALMS and families should be referred to a centre of expertise and followed by a multidisciplinary team. Lifestyle modification, aerobic exercise and dietary induced weight loss are highly recommended as primary treatment for ALMS patients with T2DM and obesity. CONCLUSION Managing a rare disease requires not only medical care but also a support network including patient associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Parolin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Valenti
- Italian Association of Alström Syndrome Patients-ASS.A.I., Endo-ERN ePAG, Padua, Italy
| | - Felix Reschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Endocrinology/Diabetology and Clinical Research, Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Danne
- Department of General Pediatrics, Endocrinology/Diabetology and Clinical Research, Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica 3, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
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Tahani N, Maffei P, Dollfus H, Paisey R, Valverde D, Milan G, Han JC, Favaretto F, Madathil SC, Dawson C, Armstrong MJ, Warfield AT, Düzenli S, Francomano CA, Gunay-Aygun M, Dassie F, Marion V, Valenti M, Leeson-Beevers K, Chivers A, Steeds R, Barrett T, Geberhiwot T. Consensus clinical management guidelines for Alström syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:253. [PMID: 32958032 PMCID: PMC7504843 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alström Syndrome (ALMS) is an ultra-rare multisystem genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in the ALMS1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2p13. ALMS is a multisystem, progressive disease characterised by visual disturbance, hearing impairment, cardiomyopathy, childhood obesity, extreme insulin resistance, accelerated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), renal dysfunction, respiratory disease, endocrine and urologic disorders. Clinical symptoms first appear in infancy with great variability in age of onset and severity. ALMS has an estimated incidence of 1 case per 1,000,000 live births and ethnically or geographically isolated populations have a higher-than-average frequency. The rarity and complexity of the syndrome and the lack of expertise can lead to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and inadequate care. Multidisciplinary and multiprofessional teams of experts are essential for the management of patients with ALMS, as early diagnosis and intervention can slow the progression of multi-organ dysfunctions and improve patient quality of life.These guidelines are intended to define standard of care for patients suspected or diagnosed with ALMS of any age. All information contained in this document has originated from a systematic review of the literature and the experiences of the authors in their care of patients with ALMS. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) system was adopted for the development of the guidelines and for defining the related levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations.These guidelines are addressed to: a) specialist centres, other hospital-based medical teams and staffs involved with the care of ALMS patients, b) family physicians and other primary caregivers and c) patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Tahani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Adult MTG3 Chair of ENDO-ERN, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Centre de référence pour les affections rares ophtalmologiques CARGO, FSMR SENSGENE, ERN-EYE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard Paisey
- Diabetes Research Unit, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, UK
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO (Centro de Investigacion Biomedica), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Joan C Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Pediatric Obesity Program, Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Shyam C Madathil
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Matthew J Armstrong
- Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian T Warfield
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Selma Düzenli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Clair A Francomano
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Departments of Genetic Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincent Marion
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marina Valenti
- Italian Association Alström Syndrome, Padua, Italy.,ENDO-ERN ePAG representative in MTG3, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Richard Steeds
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK. .,Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Yang Y, Hao H, Wu X, Guo S, Liu Y, Ran J, Li T, Li D, Liu M, Zhou J. Mixed-lineage leukemia protein 2 suppresses ciliary assembly by the modulation of actin dynamics and vesicle transport. Cell Discov 2019; 5:33. [PMID: 31263570 PMCID: PMC6591415 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are critically involved in the coordination of diverse signaling pathways and ciliary defects are associated with a variety of human diseases. The past decades have witnessed great progress in the core machinery orchestrating ciliary assembly. However, the upstream epigenetic cues that direct ciliogenesis remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that mixed-lineage leukemia protein 2 (MLL2), a histone methyltransferase, plays a negative role in ciliogenesis. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that the expression of five actin-associated proteins is significantly downregulated in MLL2-depleted cells. Overexpression of these proteins partially rescues ciliary abnormality elicited by MLL2 depletion. Our data also show that actin dynamics is remarkably changed in MLL2-depleted cells, resulting in the impairment of cell adhesion, spreading, and motility. In addition, MLL2 depletion promotes ciliary vesicle trafficking to the basal body in an actin-related manner. Together, these results reveal that MLL2 inhibits ciliogenesis by modulating actin dynamics and vesicle transport, and suggest that alteration of MLL2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of cilium-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Huijie Hao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Song Guo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Jie Ran
- 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014 China
| | - Te Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Dengwen Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Min Liu
- 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China.,2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014 China
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Brofferio A, Sachdev V, Hannoush H, Marshall JD, Naggert JK, Sidenko S, Noreuil A, Sirajuddin A, Bryant J, Han JC, Arai AE, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. Characteristics of cardiomyopathy in Alström syndrome: Prospective single-center data on 38 patients. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 121:336-343. [PMID: 28610912 PMCID: PMC5555226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare monogenetic disorder with multi-organ involvement. Complex metabolic disturbances are common and cardiomyopathy is a well-recognized feature in infants as well as in older children and adults. Although the mechanism of cardiomyopathy is not known, previous reports suggest that individuals with infantile-onset cardiac disease recover completely. METHODS In this single center prospective series of 38 children and adults (age range 1.7 to 37.9years; 20 females) with AS, we evaluated cardiac manifestations in detail, in the context of specific ALMS1 mutations and multisystem involvement. All patients underwent ALMS1 sequencing, biochemical testing, electrocardiogram, and echocardiographic imaging with speckle tracking to evaluate systolic strain; 21 patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with T1 mapping. RESULTS Approximately half of patients (17/38) had a previous diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. Global longitudinal strain, a measure of systolic contractile function, was abnormal in 94% of patients and correlated with body mass index (r=0.602, p=0.002) and C-reactive protein level (r=0.56, p=0.004), but only in children. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were seen in two-thirds of patients, and left ventricular dilatation and/or dysfunction was present in 4 adults and 4 children. CONCLUSION AS patients with a history of resolved infantile cardiomyopathy continue to have residual impairment in cardiac function. For patients with a normal ejection fraction and no prior cardiac history, strain can be abnormal, suggesting subclinical cardiac involvement. Close cardiac screening and aggressive modification of other manifestations of AS that are risk factors for cardiac disease, including obesity, inflammation, diabetes and dyslipidemia, are essential in caring for patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Brofferio
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Vandana Sachdev
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hwaida Hannoush
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Stanislav Sidenko
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Noreuil
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arlene Sirajuddin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joy Bryant
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Section on Growth and Obesity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew E Arai
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Paisey RB, Leeson-Beevers K. Current management of Alström syndrome and recent advances in treatment. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1189322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Paisey
- Diabetes Research, Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK
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8
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Paisey RB, Smith J, Carey C, Barrett T, Campbell F, Maffei P, Marshall JD, Paisey C, Steeds RP, Edwards NC, Bunce S, Geberhiwot T. Duration of Diabetes Predicts Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Vascular Events in Alström Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1116-24. [PMID: 26066530 PMCID: PMC4525001 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alström syndrome is characterized by increased risk of cardiovascular disease from childhood. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between risk factors for cardiovascular disease, aortic pulse wave velocity, and vascular events in Alström syndrome. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses with 5-year follow-up. SETTING The UK NHS nationally commissioned specialist clinics for Alström syndrome. PATIENTS Thirty-one Alström patients undertook vascular risk assessment, cardiac studies, and aortic pulse wave velocity measurement. Subsequent clinical outcomes were recorded. INTERVENTIONS Insulin resistance was treated with lifestyle intervention and metformin, and diabetes with the addition of glitazones, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and/or insulin. Thyroid and T deficiencies were corrected. Dyslipidemia was treated with statins and nicotinic acid derivatives. Cardiomyopathy was treated with standard therapy as required. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The associations of age, gender, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease with aortic pulse wave velocity were assessed and correlated with the effects of reduction in left ventricular function. Vascular events were monitored for 5 years. RESULTS Aortic pulse wave velocity was positively associated with the duration of diabetes (P = .001) and inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .036). Five of the cohort with cardiovascular events had higher aortic pulse wave velocity (P = .0247), and all had long duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Duration of diabetes predicted aortic pulse wave velocity in Alström syndrome, which in turn predicted cardiovascular events. This offers hope of secondary prevention because type 2 diabetes can be delayed or reversed by lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Paisey
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Smith
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Carey
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Jan D Marshall
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Paisey
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Steeds
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola C Edwards
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Bunce
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Diabetes Research Unit (R.B.P., J.S., C.C., S.B.), Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, Devon TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (T.B.), College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Leeds Children's Hospital (F.C.), Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, United Kingdom; Internal Medicine 3 (P.M.), Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; The Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; University of Nottingham Medical School (C.P.), Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiology (R.P.S., N.C.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (T.G.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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Edwards NC, Moody WE, Yuan M, Warfield AT, Cramb R, Paisey RB, Geberhiwot T, Steeds RP. Diffuse left ventricular interstitial fibrosis is associated with sub-clinical myocardial dysfunction in Alström Syndrome: an observational study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:83. [PMID: 26104972 PMCID: PMC4483224 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alström syndrome is a rare inherited ciliopathy with progressive multisystem involvement. Dilated cardiomyopathy is common in infancy and recurs or presents de novo in adults with high rates of premature cardiovascular death. Although Alström syndrome is characterised by fibrosis in solid organs such as the liver, the pathogenesis of related cardiomyopathy are not clear. To date it is not known whether diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis is present before the onset of heart failure symptoms or changes in conventional parameters of left ventricular function. Methods In this observational study, 26 patients with Alström syndrome (mean age 27 ± 9 years, 65 % male, 24 h ABPM 130 ± 14 / 77 ± 9 mmHg) without symptomatic cardiovascular disease were recruited from a single centre and compared to matched healthy controls. All subjects underwent cardiac MRI (1.5 T) to assess ventricular function, diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis by measurement of extracellular volume on T1-mapping (MOLLI) and coarse replacement fibrosis using standard late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Results Global extracellular volume was increased in Alström syndrome with wider variation compared to controls (0.30 ± 0.05 vs. 0.25 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). Left ventricular long axis function and global longitudinal strain were impaired in Alström syndrome without change in ejection fraction, ventricular size or atrial stress (NT-proBNP) (p < 0.05). Global extracellular volume was associated with reduced peak systolic longitudinal strain (r = −0.73, p < 0.01) and strain rate (r = −0.57, p < 0.01), increased QTc interval (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) and serum triglycerides (r = 0.66, p < 0.01). Nine (35 %) patients had diffuse mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement in a non-coronary artery distribution. Conclusion Diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis is common in Alström syndrome and is associated with impaired left ventricular systolic function. Serial studies are required to determine whether global extracellular volume may be an independent imaging biomarker of vulnerability to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Edwards
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - William E Moody
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mengshi Yuan
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian T Warfield
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, England
| | - Robert Cramb
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Richard P Steeds
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Modification of severe insulin resistant diabetes in response to lifestyle changes in Alström syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:71-5. [PMID: 24462884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alström syndrome is a recessively inherited condition characterised by severe insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with progression to type 2 diabetes, hepatic dysfunction and coronary artery disease. The metabolic responses to lifestyle changes in the syndrome have not been reported. CASE REPORTS We describe the effects on glycaemia of intense cycling in two insulin treated Alström patients with diabetes, and the effects of opposite lifestyle changes over one year in two others. METHODS After practise and clinical assessment two patients aged 21 and 39 years undertook a 380 km cycle ride over 4 days by tandem. The effects of planned reductions in insulin therapies and increased regular carbohydrate ingestion were monitored by frequent capillary blood glucose measurements. Two siblings aged 22 and 25 years underwent assessment of glycaemia, C-peptide/glucose ratio serum lipids, hepatic function and ultrasound, Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test and measures of insulin resistance. Measurements were repeated one year later after profound lifestyle changes. RESULTS Aerobic exercise strikingly improved blood glucose control despite reduction in insulin dose and increased carbohydrate intake. Increase in exercise and exclusion of fast foods improved all aspects of the metabolic syndrome and induced remission of diabetes in one sibling. Reduction in exercise and consumption of high energy foods in the other resulted in development of type 2 diabetes, severe metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in the other. CONCLUSIONS Despite dual sensory loss and genetic basis for insulin resistance, Alström patients can successfully ameliorate the metabolic syndrome with lifestyle changes.
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Farmer A, Aymé S, de Heredia ML, Maffei P, McCafferty S, Młynarski W, Nunes V, Parkinson K, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Rohayem J, Sinnott R, Tillmann V, Tranebjaerg L, Barrett TG. EURO-WABB: an EU rare diseases registry for Wolfram syndrome, Alström syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:130. [PMID: 23981649 PMCID: PMC3765797 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolfram, Alström and Bardet-Biedl (WABB) syndromes are rare diseases with overlapping features of multiple sensory and metabolic impairments, including diabetes mellitus, which have caused diagnostic confusion. There are as yet no specific treatments available, little or no access to well characterized cohorts of patients, and limited information on the natural history of the diseases. We aim to establish a Europe-wide registry for these diseases to inform patient care and research. Methods EURO-WABB is an international multicenter large-scale observational study capturing longitudinal clinical and outcome data for patients with WABB diagnoses. Three hundred participants will be recruited over 3 years from different sites throughout Europe. Comprehensive clinical, genetic and patient experience data will be collated into an anonymized disease registry. Data collection will be web-based, and forms part of the project’s Virtual Research and Information Environment (VRIE). Participants who haven’t undergone genetic diagnostic testing for their condition will be able to do so via the project. Conclusions The registry data will be used to increase the understanding of the natural history of WABB diseases, to serve as an evidence base for clinical management, and to aid the identification of opportunities for intervention to stop or delay the progress of the disease. The detailed clinical characterisation will allow inclusion of patients into studies of novel treatment interventions, including targeted interventions in small scale open label studies; and enrolment into multi-national clinical trials. The registry will also support wider access to genetic testing, and encourage international collaborations for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Farmer
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, Edgbaston, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The diagnosis of many childhood endocrine disorders can be facilitated by an awareness of the associated dermatologic findings. In this review, we will survey examples of endocrine disorders in children that include a prominent or diagnostic dermatologic sign/symptom. RECENT FINDINGS A key concept is that skin findings often accompany hormonal conditions, both those of hormone excess and hormone deficiency/resistance. Some dermatologic signs may also represent the hallmark lesion, or provide the first clinical sign in childhood, for both familial tumoral and nontumoral syndromes. Moreover, skin as an endocrine organ itself may provide new avenues both to understand disease mechanisms as well as to provide targeted therapy. SUMMARY Early diagnosis, often aided by recognition of a keynote dermatologic lesion, may permit prompt, timely treatment that, in some cases, may even prove life saving. Conversely, when these associated signs go undetected or misdiagnosed, therapeutic intervention may be delayed unnecessarily.
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Paisey RB, Barrett T, Carey CM, Hiwot T, Cramb R, White A, Seymour R, Bunce S, Waterson M, Rockett C, Vogler K, Williams K, Parkinson K, Kenny T. Rare disorders presenting in the diabetic clinic: an example using audit of the NSCT adult Alström clinics. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Marshall JD, Maffei P, Collin GB, Naggert JK. Alström syndrome: genetics and clinical overview. Curr Genomics 2011; 12:225-35. [PMID: 22043170 PMCID: PMC3137007 DOI: 10.2174/138920211795677912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alström syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by cone-rod dystrophy, hearing loss, childhood truncal obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, short stature in adulthood, cardiomyopathy, and progressive pulmonary, hepatic, and renal dysfunction. Symptoms first appear in infancy and progressive development of multi-organ pathology leads to a reduced life expectancy. Variability in age of onset and severity of clinical symptoms, even within families, is likely due to genetic background.Alström syndrome is caused by mutations in ALMS1, a large gene comprised of 23 exons and coding for a protein of 4,169 amino acids. In general, ALMS1 gene defects include insertions, deletions, and nonsense mutations leading to protein truncations and found primarily in exons 8, 10 and 16. Multiple alternate splice forms exist. ALMS1 protein is found in centrosomes, basal bodies, and cytosol of all tissues affected by the disease. The identification of ALMS1 as a ciliary protein explains the range of observed phenotypes and their similarity to those of other ciliopathies such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome.Studies involving murine and cellular models of Alström syndrome have provided insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying obesity and type 2 diabetes, and other clinical problems. Ultimately, research into the pathogenesis of Alström syndrome should lead to better management and treatments for individuals, and have potentially important ramifications for other rare ciliopathies, as well as more common causes of obesity and diabetes, and other conditions common in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Genetic causes of obesity include the ciliopathies Alström syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. In these disorders, mutations cause dysfunction of the primary cilium, an organelle involved in intracellular and intercellular sensing and signaling. Alström syndrome is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused solely by mutations in ALMS1. By contrast, Bardet-Biedl syndrome is caused by mutations in at least 14 genes involved in primary cilium function. Despite equivalent levels of obesity, patients with Alström syndrome are more likely than those with Bardet-Biedl syndrome to develop childhood type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting that ALMS1 might have a specific role in β-cell function and/or peripheral insulin signaling pathways. How mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in primary cilium function lead to the clinical phenotypes of these syndromes is being revealed by work in mutant mouse models. With the aid of these models, insights are being obtained into the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie obesity, insulin resistance and T2DM. Research into ciliopathies, including Alström syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, should lead not only to improved treatments for individuals with these genetic disorders, but also to improved understanding of the cellular pathways involved in other common causes of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Girard
- Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Center, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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