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Ma X, Zhang L, Gao F, Jia W, Li C. Salvia miltiorrhiza and Tanshinone IIA reduce endothelial inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation through inhibiting COX-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115501. [PMID: 37713995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) in the treatment of atherosclerosis was examined by combining network pharmacology and molecular biology experiments. The TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases provided 104 SM candidate ingredients and 813 target genes, while GEO and GeneCards databases identified 35 overlapping targets between SM and coronary artery disease (CAD). From these data, we constructed a CAD-target-active ingredient network, and using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis, 211 GO terms and 43 pathways were identified, which facilitated the construction of a key active ingredient-target-pathway network. We then constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and performed molecular docking simulations between Tan IIA and 10 key target proteins to analyze the interactions between the molecule and the protein. SM was found to alleviate CAD by reducing the expression of key pro-inflammatory factors, such as COX-2 (PTGS2), MMP9, ICAM1, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Tan IIA was identified as the primary effective component of SM in treating CAD, with TNF and PTGS2 being its main targets. We further validated these findings using in vitro/in vivo experiments. The results showed that both SM and Tan IIA attenuated the buildup of plaque and the accumulation of lipids in ApoE-/- mice. In addition, SM and Tan IIA reduced vascular inflammatory factors expression in ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-cultured HUVECs. Furthermore, our findings showed that Tan IIA reduced vascular endothelial inflammation and prevented plaque formation via COX-2/TNF-a/NF-κB signaling pathway. We have demonstrated for the first time that Tan IIA plays a vital role in attenuating atherosclerosis by downregulating COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangke Ma
- Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100040, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fujun Gao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Weihua Jia
- Beijing Shijingshan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China.
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Sef D, Kovacevic M, Jernej B, Novacic K, Slavica M, Petrak J, Medved I, Milosevic M. Immunohistochemical analysis of MMP-9 and COX-2 expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaques among patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: A prospective study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106731. [PMID: 36075131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins may have a role in remodelling of atherosclerotic plaques. We analysed and compared the radiological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS This prospective single-blinded study included 31 patients (70 [64-75] years, 58% males, 42% symptomatic) who underwent CEA and a total of 155 carotid plaque sections that were analysed. Preoperative assessment and multimodality diagnostic imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography angiography (CTA), histological and immunohistochemical analyses of carotid plaques including the expression of MMP-9 and COX-2 proteins were performed. RESULTS Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients did not significantly differ in respect to preoperative characteristics. Unstable plaques were detected in 12/13 (92.3%, p = 0.020) symptomatic patients using MRI or CTA. There was no perioperative mortality and perioperative outcomes were comparable in both groups. A significantly higher expression of MMP-9 in macrophages was observed among symptomatic patients (p = 0.020). ROC curve analysis showed statistically significant associations of both the higher intensity of COX-2 staining in CD68 PG-M1 positive macrophages (area under the curve [AUC]=0.701, p = 0.014) and higher MVD (AUC=0.821, p < 0.001) within the plaque with cerebrovascular symptoms. The expression of COX-2 and the intensity of COX-2 staining in macrophages within the unstable carotid plaques detected by preoperative MRI or CTA were significantly higher (76.1% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.038; 76.2% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Advanced non-invasive multimodality diagnostic imaging including MRI or CTA is reliable in differentiating unstable from stable carotid plaques. High expression of MMP-9 and COX-2 in macrophages within the symptomatic plaque is associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at the ISRCTN registry (ID ISRCTN46536832), isrctn.org Identifier: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN46536832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorin Sef
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Miljenko Kovacevic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, EU
| | - Bojan Jernej
- Polyclinic for Radiology and Neurology "Dijagnostika 2000", Zagreb, Croatia, EU
| | - Karlo Novacic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, EU
| | - Marko Slavica
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia, EU
| | - Jelka Petrak
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, EU
| | - Igor Medved
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, EU
| | - Milan Milosevic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, EU; Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia, EU
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Amadio P, Macchi C, Favero C, Zarà M, Solazzo G, Dioni L, Sandrini L, Vigna L, Greco MF, Buoli M, Sirtori CR, Pesatori AC, Ieraci A, Ruscica M, Barbieri SS, Bollati V. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs in an Italian Cohort of Individuals With Obesity: A Key to Explain the Link Between Depression and Atherothrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:906483. [PMID: 35911513 PMCID: PMC9326054 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.906483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObesity and depression are intertwined diseases often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), altered in the brain both of subjects with depression and obesity, provides a potential link between depression and thrombosis. Since the relationship among peripheral BDNF, depression and obesity is not well-defined, the aim of the present report has been to address this issue taking advantage of the contribution played by extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs.Research ProcessAssociations among circulating BDNF, depression and EV-derived miRNAs related to atherothrombosis have been evaluated in a large Italian cohort of obese individuals (n = 743), characterized by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score.ResultsBDI-II was negatively associated with BDNF levels without a significant impact of the rs6265 BDNF polymorphism; this association was modified by raised levels of IFN-γ. BDNF levels were linked to an increase of 80 EV-derived miRNAs and a decrease of 59 miRNAs related to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Network analysis identified at least 18 genes targeted by these miRNAs, 7 of which involved in depression and CV risk. The observation of a possible link among BDNF, depression, and miRNAs related to atherothrombosis and depression in obesity is novel and may lead to a wider use of BDNF as a CV risk biomarker in this specific subject group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Greco
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca'Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R. Sirtori
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Biomolecular and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimiliano Ruscica
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Silvia Stella Barbieri
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li X, Guo K, Zhang R, Wang W, Sun H, Yagüe E, Hu Y. Exploration of the Mechanism of Salvianolic Acid for Injection Against Ischemic Stroke: A Research Based on Computational Prediction and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894427. [PMID: 35694259 PMCID: PMC9175744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute neurological injury that occurs when a vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed, which is a leading cause of death and disability. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for over thousands of years due to its effect activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis. However, the herbal preparation is chemically complex and the diversity of potential targets makes difficult to determine its mechanism of action. To gain insight into its mechanism of action, we analyzed “Salvianolic acid for injection” (SAFI), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-IS effects, using computational systems pharmacology. The potential targets of SAFI, obtained from literature mining and database searches, were compared with IS-associated genes, giving 38 common genes that were related with pathways involved in inflammatory response. This suggests that SAFI might function as an anti-inflammatory agent. Two genes associated with inflammation (PTGS1 and PTGS2), which were inhibited by SAFI, were preliminarily validated in vitro. The results showed that SAFI inhibited PTGS1 and PTGS2 activity in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages and BV-2 microglia. This approach reveals the possible pharmacological mechanism of SAFI acting on IS, and also provides a feasible way to elucidate the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Li
- Cloudphar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Cloudphar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Haihe Education Park, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Cloudphar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - He Sun
- Tasly Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Cloudphar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhui Hu,
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Ismaeel A, Lavado R, Koutakis P. Metabolomics of peripheral artery disease. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:67-89. [PMID: 35152975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The science of metabolomics has emerged as a novel tool for studying changes in metabolism that accompany different disease states. Several studies have applied this evolving field to the study of various cardiovascular disease states, which has led to improved understanding of metabolic changes that underlie heart failure and ischemic heart disease. A significant amount of progress has also been made in the identification of novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Another common atherosclerotic disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects arteries of the lower extremities. Although certain aspects of the disease pathophysiology overlap with other cardiovascular diseases in general, PAD patients suffer unique manifestations that lead to significant morbidity and mortality as well as severe functional limitations. Furthermore, because over half of PAD patients are asymptomatic, there is a need for improved diagnostic and screening methods. Identification of metabolites associated with the disease may thus be a promising approach for PAD. However, PAD remains highly understudied. In this chapter, we discuss the application of metabolomics to the study of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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Kim IJ, Kim SH, Cha DH, Lim SW, Moon JY, Kim JO, Ryu CS, Park HS, Sung JH, Kim NK. Association of COX2 -765G>C promoter polymorphism and coronary artery disease in Korean population. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1055-1062. [PMID: 31165994 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) plays a role in the formation of prostaglandins, which contribute to the inflammation involved in atherosclerosis. However, the role of the COX2 -765G>C polymorphism in susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. OBJECTIVE To identify the association between COX2 -765G>C polymorphism with CAD risk in Korean patients. We recruited 622 patients who were diagnosed to have coronary artery disease and 202 controls who did not have history and vascular disease risk factors. METHODS Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, the COX2 -765G>C polymorphism was analyzed in 622 Korean patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention and in 202 healthy control subjects. RESULTS The GC+CC genotype frequencies of the -765G>C polymorphism were significantly different between the CAD and control groups. The COX2 -765G>C polymorphism showed peculiar associations with CAD according to the presence of hyperlipidemia and plasma folate levels. However, there were no associations between the -765G>C polymorphism and the rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or homocysteine levels. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the COX2 -765G>C polymorphism is a possible genetic determinant for the risk of CAD, and an individual risk factor in Koreans. Thus, further association studies between the COX2 polymorphism and atherosclerotic-related diseases such as cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases in other races or ethnicities will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jai Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Cha
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Lim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Jae Youn Moon
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea.
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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Chen Y, Shen Y, Nie Y, Chen Z, Wang H, Liao H, Li J. Leptin upregulates COX-2 and its downstream products in aortic endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5097-5102. [PMID: 29201221 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is associated with hypertension. The involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its downstream vasomotor products prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX)A2 in the mechanisms of action of leptin have remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of leptin on the expression of COX-2 by rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) and the concentration of its products, represented by 6-keto PGF1α and TXB2, in the culture media. RAECs were isolated, cultured and identified by immunofluorescence staining. The RAECs were incubated with different concentrations of leptin (10-10, 10-9 and 10-8 M) for various durations (36 or 48 h). COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in the cells was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The vasodilator 6-keto PGF1α and the vasoconstrictor TXB2 were detected in the supernatant by ELISA. The cultured cells displayed specific factor VIII expression in the cytoplasm. Compared with the PBS-treated control group, leptin significantly increased the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Furthermore, the vasodilator 6-keto PGF1α was increased and the TXB2/6-keto PGF1α ratio decreased only with relatively high concentrations of leptin (10-9 or 10-8 M; P<0.01), but TXB2 levels were not affected (P>0.05). In conclusion, leptin significantly increased the expression of inflammatory marker COX-2 and its downstream product 6-keto PGF1α, while also decreasing the TXB2/6-keto PGF1α ratio in vitro. These observations suggested that COX-2 may have an important role in the effects of leptin on inflammation, such as the low-inflammatory disease hypertension. However, selective COX-2 inhibitors may increase the risk of hypertension due to inhibiting 6-keto PGF1α, the vasodilator product of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528415, P.R. China
| | - Yuechun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ya Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528415, P.R. China
| | - Huang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Huang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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A Variant in COX-2 Gene Is Associated with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease and Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2924731. [PMID: 28194409 PMCID: PMC5286485 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2924731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As a particular severe phenotype of coronary artery disease (CAD), left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is heritable. Genetic variants related to prostaglandin metabolism are associated with LMCAD. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key synthase in prostaglandin pathways, displays high density in atherosclerotic lesions and promotes early atherosclerosis in CAD progression. We hypothesized that genetic variants in COX-2 gene contribute to LMCAD phenotype susceptibility compared to more peripheral coronary artery disease (MPCAD). In this study, we genotyped COX-2 rs5275, rs5277, and rs689466 of 1544 CAD patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and found that rs5277 C allele carriage was associated with LMCAD (adjusted OR: 1.590; 95% CI: 1.103~2.291; p = 0.013). Furtherly, long-term follow-up data suggested that rs5277 C allele carriage increased risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in the whole cohort (adjusted HR: 1.561; 95% CI: 1.025~2.377; p = 0.038) and LMCAD subgroup (adjusted HR: 2.014; 95% CI: 1.036~3.913; p = 0.039) but not in MPCAD subgroup (adjusted HR: 1.375; 95% CI: 0.791~2.392; p = 0.259). In conclusion, we demonstrate that COX-2 rs5277 C allele increases the risk of left main coronary artery lesion and is also correlated with poor prognosis of LMCAD patients with CABG therapy.
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Santovito D, Weber C. Atherosclerosis revisited from a clinical perspective: still an inflammatory disease? Thromb Haemost 2016; 117:231-237. [PMID: 27975102 DOI: 10.1160/th16-10-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compelling experimental results have substantiated the immune-driven inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis. Most of the scientific advances over the past decades have been achieved by relying on transgenic animal models that have been employed with increasing levels of sophistication. However, recent failures in translating various anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies for use in humans might raise some skepticism with regards to an inflammatory causality underlying human atherosclerosis. By applying a dialectical approach, this Perspective aims to challenge and deduce the nature of atherosclerosis by reviewing results exclusively derived from human studies and recent clinical trials, as "things may not always be, what they appear".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Weber
- Christian Weber, MD, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany, Tel.: +49 89 440054530, Fax: +49 89 440054532, E-mail:
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Huang C, Lian F, Wu G, Zhao Y. The association between three cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118251. [PMID: 25730260 PMCID: PMC4346398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A quantity of case-control studies have been performed to address the association between three cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) polymorphisms (-1195G/A, -765G/C and +8473T/C) and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, previous research results are inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the correlation between these COX-2 polymorphisms and HCC risk. METHODS The authors searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CNKI and WanFang database for relevant articles up to April 28, 2014. The data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS A total of 8 studies consisting of 2182 cases and 3324 controls were included in this meta-analysis. For COX-2 polymorphism -1195G/A, an association with increased risk was observed under the heterogeneous, homozygous, dominant model. However, COX-2 polymorphisms (-765G/C and +8473T/C) were not related to HCC risk in this study. We also found a similar result in the subgroup analysis of Chinese population that -1195G/A polymorphism, instead of -765G/C or +8473T/C polymorphism, was correlated with the risk of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphism -1195G/A of COX-2 might be associated with susceptibility to HCC, but no similar correlations were observed between polymorphisms (-765G/C and +8473T/C) and HCC risk. Further large and well-designed studies are required to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China
| | - Chaoyuan Huang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China
| | - Fang Lian
- Physiology Department, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China
| | - Guobin Wu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China
- * E-mail: (YNZ); (GBW)
| | - Yinnong Zhao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China
- * E-mail: (YNZ); (GBW)
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Cipollone F, Santovito D. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphism: another piece in the cardiovascular puzzle. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:2208-10. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Colombo G, Clerici M, Giustarini D, Portinaro NM, Aldini G, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Pathophysiology of tobacco smoke exposure: recent insights from comparative and redox proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:183-218. [PMID: 24272816 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
First-hand and second-hand tobacco smoke are causally linked to a huge number of deaths and are responsible for a broad spectrum of pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and eye diseases as well as adverse effects on female reproductive function. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of different chemical species, which exert their negative effects on macromolecules and biochemical pathways, both directly and indirectly. Many compounds can act as oxidants, pro-inflammatory agents, carcinogens, or a combination of these. The redox behavior of cigarette smoke has many implications for smoke related diseases. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (both radicals and non-radicals), reactive carbonyl compounds, and other species may induce oxidative damage in almost all the biological macromolecules, compromising their structure and/or function. Different quantitative and redox proteomic approaches have been applied in vitro and in vivo to evaluate, respectively, changes in protein expression and specific oxidative protein modifications induced by exposure to cigarette smoke and are overviewed in this review. Many gel-based and gel-free proteomic techniques have already been used successfully to obtain clues about smoke effects on different proteins in cell cultures, animal models, and humans. The further implementation with other sensitive screening techniques could be useful to integrate the comprehension of cigarette smoke effects on human health. In particular, the redox proteomic approach may also help identify biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke useful for preventing these effects or potentially predictive of the onset and/or progression of smoking-induced diseases as well as potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Pathak C, Ranjan Singh R, Yadav S, Kapoor N, Raina V, Gupta S, Surolia A. Evaluation of benzothiophene carboxamides as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:201-211. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramani Pathak
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan Singh
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Varshiesh Raina
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Sciences Lab; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Karnataka India
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14
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Rago B, Fu C. Development of a high-throughput ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay to profile 18 eicosanoids as exploratory biomarkers for atherosclerotic diseases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 936:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cipollone
- From the European Center of Excellence on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, and Clinical Research Center, Center of Excellence on Aging (Ce.S.I.), G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Donato Santovito
- From the European Center of Excellence on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Dyslipidemia, and Clinical Research Center, Center of Excellence on Aging (Ce.S.I.), G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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16
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Huang CC, McDermott MM, Liu K, Kuo CH, Wang SY, Tao H, Tseng YJ. Plasma metabolomic profiles predict near-term death among individuals with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58:989-96.e1. [PMID: 23688629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have a nearly two-fold increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality compared to those without PAD. This pilot study determined whether metabolomic profiling can accurately identify patients with PAD who are at increased risk of near-term mortality. METHODS We completed a case-control study using (1)H NMR metabolomic profiling of plasma from 20 decedents with PAD, without critical limb ischemia, who had blood drawn within 8 months prior to death (index blood draw) and within 10 to 28 months prior to death (preindex blood draw). Twenty-one PAD participants who survived more than 30 months after their index blood draw served as a control population. RESULTS Results showed distinct metabolomic patterns between preindex decedent, index decedent, and survivor samples. The major chemical signals contributing to the differential pattern (between survivors and decedents) arose from the fatty acyl chain protons of lipoproteins and the choline head group protons of phospholipids. Using the top 40 chemical signals for which the intensity was most distinct between survivor and preindex decedent samples, classification models predicted near-term all-cause death with overall accuracy of 78% (32/41), a sensitivity of 85% (17/20), and a specificity of 71% (15/21). When comparing survivor with index decedent samples, the overall classification accuracy was optimal at 83% (34/41) with a sensitivity of 80% (16/20) and a specificity of 86% (18/21), using as few as the top 10 to 20 chemical signals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that metabolomic profiling of plasma may be useful for identifying PAD patients at increased risk for near-term death. Larger studies using more sensitive metabolomic techniques are needed to identify specific metabolic pathways associated with increased risk of near-term all-cause mortality among PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Ching Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
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17
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Zhang J, Zou F, Tang J, Zhang Q, Gong Y, Wang Q, Shen Y, Xiong L, Breyer RM, Lazarus M, Funk CD, Yu Y. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E₂ promotes injury-induced vascular neointimal hyperplasia through the E-prostanoid 3 receptor. Circ Res 2013; 113:104-14. [PMID: 23595951 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation are the hallmarks of restenosis pathogenesis after angioplasty. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandin (PG) E₂ is implicated in the vascular remodeling response to injury. However, its precise molecular role remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of COX-2-derived PGE₂ on neointima formation after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular remodeling was induced by wire injury in femoral arteries of mice. Both neointima formation and the restenosis ratio were diminished in COX-2 knockout mice as compared with controls, whereas these parameters were enhanced in COX-1>COX-2 mice, in which COX-1 is governed by COX-2 regulatory elements. PG profile analysis revealed that the reduced PGE₂ by COX-2 deficiency, but not PGI2, could be rescued by COX-1 replacement, indicating COX-2-derived PGE₂ enhanced neointima formation. Through multiple approaches, the EP3 receptor was identified to mediate the VSMC migration response to various stimuli. Disruption of EP3 impaired VSMC polarity for directional migration by decreasing small GTPase activity and restricted vascular neointimal hyperplasia, whereas overexpression of EP3α and EP3β aggravated neointima formation. Inhibition or deletion of EP3α/β, a Gαi protein-coupled receptor, activated the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway and decreased activation of RhoA in VSMCs. PGE₂ could stimulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase3β signaling in VSMCs through Gβγ subunits on EP3α/β activation. Ablation of EP3 suppressed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and reduced GTPase activity in VSMCs and altered cell polarity and directional migration. CONCLUSIONS COX-2-derived PGE₂ facilitated the neointimal hyperplasia response to injury through EP3α/β-mediated cAMP/protein kinase A and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways, indicating EP3 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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The association between cyclooxygenase-2 1195 G/A polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1479-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Mukherjee S, Sadekar N, Ashton AW, Huang H, Spray DC, Lisanti MP, Machado FS, Weiss LM, Tanowitz HB. Identification of a functional prostanoid-like receptor in the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1417-25. [PMID: 23403991 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans and experimental animals causes Chagas disease which is often accompanied by myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and vasculopathy. T. cruzi-derived thromboxane A2 (TXA2) modulates vasculopathy and other pathophysiological features of Chagasic cardiomyopathy. Here, we provide evidence that epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes of T. cruzi (Brazil and Tulahuen strains) express a biologically active prostanoid receptor (PR) that is responsive to TXA2 mimetics, e.g. IBOP. This putative receptor, TcPR, is mainly localized in the flagellar membrane of the parasites and shows a similar glycosylation pattern to that of bona fide thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors obtained from human platelets. Furthermore, TXA2-PR signal transduction activates T. cruzi-specific MAPK pathways. While mammalian TP is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR); T. cruzi genome sequencing has not demonstrated any confirmed GPCRs in these parasites. Based on this genome sequencing it is likely that TcPR is unique in these protists with no counterpart in mammals. TXA2 is a potent vasoconstrictor which contributes to the pathogenesis of Chagasic cardiovascular disease. It may, however, also control parasite differentiation and proliferation in the infected host allowing the infection to progress to a chronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA.
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20
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Johnson K, Guo C, Gosink M, Wang V, Hauben M. Multinomial modeling and an evaluation of common data-mining algorithms for identifying signals of disproportionate reporting in pharmacovigilance databases. Bioinformatics 2012; 28:3123-30. [PMID: 23064001 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION A principal objective of pharmacovigilance is to detect adverse drug reactions that are unknown or novel in terms of their clinical severity or frequency. One method is through inspection of spontaneous reporting system databases, which consist of millions of reports of patients experiencing adverse effects while taking one or more drugs. For such large databases, there is an increasing need for quantitative and automated screening tools to assist drug safety professionals in identifying drug-event combinations (DECs) worthy of further investigation. Existing algorithms can effectively identify problematic DECs when the frequencies are high. However these algorithms perform differently for low-frequency DECs. RESULTS In this work, we provide a method based on the multinomial distribution that identifies signals of disproportionate reporting, especially for low-frequency combinations. In addition, we comprehensively compare the performance of commonly used algorithms with the new approach. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method, and analysis of the Adverse Event Reporting System data shows that the proposed method can help detect interesting signals. Furthermore, we suggest that these methods be used to identify DECs that occur significantly less frequently than expected, thus identifying potential alternative indications for these drugs. We provide an empirical example that demonstrates the importance of exploring underexpected DECs. AVAILABILITY Code to implement the proposed method is available in R on request from the corresponding authors. CONTACT kjell@arboranalytics.com or Mark.M.Gosink@Pfizer.com SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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21
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Leonarduzzi G, Gamba P, Gargiulo S, Biasi F, Poli G. Inflammation-related gene expression by lipid oxidation-derived products in the progression of atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:19-34. [PMID: 22037514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vascular areas of atherosclerotic development persist in a state of inflammation, and any further inflammatory stimulus in the subintimal area elicits a proatherogenic response; this alters the behavior of the artery wall cells and recruits further inflammatory cells. In association with the inflammatory response, oxidative events are also involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. It is now unanimously recognized that lipid oxidation-derived products are key players in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidized lipids, derived from oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which accumulate in the intima, strongly modulate inflammation-related gene expression, through involvement of various signaling pathways. In addition, considerable evidence supports a proatherogenic role of a large group of potent bioactive lipids called eicosanoids, which derive from oxidation of arachidonic acid, a component of membrane phospholipids. Of note, LDL lipid oxidation products might regulate eicosanoid production, modulating the enzymatic degradation of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases; these enzymes might also directly contribute to LDL oxidation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on signal transduction pathways and inflammatory gene expression, modulated by lipid oxidation-derived products, in the progression of atherosclerosis.
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22
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Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite. Chagas disease remains a serious health problem in large parts of Mexico and Central and South America, where it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This disease is being increasingly recognized in non-endemic regions due to immigration. Heart disease develops in 10-30% of infected individuals. It is increasingly clear that parasite- and host-derived bioactive lipids potently modulate disease progression. Many of the changes that occur during acute and chronic Chagas disease can be accounted for by the effects of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived lipids such as leukotrienes, lipoxins, H(P)ETEs, prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane. During the course of infection with T. cruzi, changes in circulating levels of AA metabolites are observed. Antagonism of PG synthesis with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors has both beneficial and adverse effects. Treatment with COX inhibitors during acute infection may result in increased parasite load and mortality. However, treatment instituted during chronic infection may be beneficial with no increase in mortality and substantial improvement with cardiac function. Recently, T. cruzi infection of mice deficient in AA biosynthetic enzymes for various pathways has yielded more insightful data than pharmacological inhibition and has highlighted the potential deleterious effects of inhibitors due to "off-target" actions. Using COX-1 null mice, it was observed that parasite biosynthesis is dependent upon host metabolism, that the majority of TXA(2) liberated during T. cruzi infection is derived from the parasite and that this molecule may act as a quorum sensor to control parasite growth/differentiation. Thus, eicosanoids present during acute infection may act as immunomodulators aiding the transition to, and maintenance of, the chronic stage of the disease. It is also likely that the same mediators that initially function to ensure host survival may later contribute to cardiovascular damage. Collectively, the eicosanoids represent a new series of targets for therapy in Chagas disease with defined potential therapeutic windows in which to apply these agents for greatest effect. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may provide clues to the differences between host responses in acute and chronic T. cruzi infection.
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PGE2 EP1 receptor exacerbated neurotoxicity in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:2215-9. [PMID: 22015313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are major age-related neurodegenerative diseases that may worsen the prognosis of each other. Our study was designed to delineate the prostaglandin E(2) EP1 receptor role in AD and in the setting of cerebral ischemia. Genetic deletion of the prostaglandin EP1 receptor significantly attenuated the more severe neuronal damage (38.5 ± 10.6%) and memory loss induced by ischemic insult observed in AD transgenic mice (percentage of viable hippocampal CA1 neurons: 11.2 ± 2.9%) when compared with wild type mice (45.1 ± 9.1%). In addition, we found that the amyloid plaques were reduced in EP1 deleted AD mice. β-amyloid-induced toxicity (18.0 ± 7.1%) and Ca(2+) response (91.8 ± 12.9%) were also reduced in EP1(-/-) neurons compared with control neurons in in vitro. Hence, EP1 might mediate most of the toxicity associated with cyclooxygenase-2 and contribute substantially to the cell death pathways in AD and stroke. Exploring potential therapeutic agent targeting EP1 receptor could potentially benefit treatments for stroke and AD patients.
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Kuda O, Jenkins CM, Skinner JR, Moon SH, Su X, Gross RW, Abumrad NA. CD36 protein is involved in store-operated calcium flux, phospholipase A2 activation, and production of prostaglandin E2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17785-95. [PMID: 21454644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.232975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor FAT/CD36 contributes to the inflammation associated with diabetes, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and Alzheimer disease. Underlying mechanisms include CD36 promotion of oxidative stress and its signaling to stress kinases. Here we document an additional mechanism for the role of CD36 in inflammation. CD36 regulates membrane calcium influx in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cellular membranes by cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2)α (cPLA(2)α) and contributes to the generation of proinflammatory eicosanoids. CHO cells stably expressing human CD36 released severalfold more AA and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), a major product of AA metabolism by cyclooxygenases, in response to thapsigargin-induced ER stress as compared with control cells. Calcium influx after ER calcium release resulted in phosphorylation of cPLA(2) and its translocation to membranes in a CD36-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophages from CD36(-/-) mice exhibited diminished calcium transients and reduced AA release after thapsigargin or UTP treatment with decreased ERK1/2 and cPLA(2) phosphorylation. However, PGE(2) production was unexpectedly enhanced in CD36(-/-) macrophages, which probably resulted from a large induction of cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA and protein. The data demonstrate participation of CD36 in membrane calcium influx in response to ER stress or purinergic receptor stimulation resulting in AA liberation for PGE(2) formation. Collectively, these results identify a mechanism contributing to the pleiotropic proinflammatory effects of CD36 and suggest that its targeted inhibition may reduce the acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1181 activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway and inhibits colitis. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:817-22. [PMID: 21321579 PMCID: PMC3257032 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway has an important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Most recently, we have shown that the activation of the AhR pathway by a potent AhR agonist inhibits the development of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, a model of human ulcerative colitis, by the induction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the large intestine. Because several strains of probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been reported to inhibit DSS-induced colitis by unidentified mechanisms, we hypothesized that particular strains of lactic acid bacterium might have the potential to activate the AhR pathway, thereby inhibiting DSS-induced colitis. This study investigated whether there are specific lactic acid bacterial strains that can activate the AhR pathway, and if so, whether this AhR-activating potential is associated with suppression of DSS-induced colitis. By using AhR signaling reporter cells, we found that Lactobacillus bulgaricus OLL1181 had the potential to activate the AhR pathway. OLL1181 also induced the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 family 1A1 (CYP1A1), a target gene of the AhR pathway, in human colon cells, which was inhibited by the addition of an AhR antagonist, α-naphthoflavon (αNF). In addition, mice treated orally with OLL1181 showed an increase in CYP1A1 mRNA expression in the large intestine and amelioration of DSS-induced colitis. Thus, OLL1181 can induce activation of the intestinal AhR pathway and inhibit DSS-induced colitis in mice. This strain of lactic acid bacterium has therefore the potential to activate the AhR pathway, which may be able to suppress colitis.
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26
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Mukherjee S, Machado FS, Huang H, Oz HS, Jelicks LA, Prado CM, Koba W, Fine EJ, Zhao D, Factor SM, Collado JE, Weiss LM, Tanowitz HB, Ashton AW. Aspirin treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and implications for the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16959. [PMID: 21347238 PMCID: PMC3039660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. It is increasingly clear that parasite-derived prostaglandins potently modulate host response and disease progression. Here, we report that treatment of experimental T. cruzi infection (Brazil strain) beginning 5 days post infection (dpi) with aspirin (ASA) increased mortality (2-fold) and parasitemia (12-fold). However, there were no differences regarding histopathology or cardiac structure or function. Delayed treatment with ASA (20 mg/kg) beginning 60 dpi did not increase parasitemia or mortality but improved ejection fraction. ASA treatment diminished the profile of parasite- and host-derived circulating prostaglandins in infected mice. To distinguish the effects of ASA on the parasite and host bio-synthetic pathways we infected cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) null mice with the Brazil-strain of T. cruzi. Infected COX-1 null mice displayed a reduction in circulating levels of thromboxane (TX)A2 and prostaglandin (PG)F2α. Parasitemia was increased in COX-1 null mice compared with parasitemia and mortality in ASA-treated infected mice indicating the effects of ASA on mortality potentially had little to do with inhibition of prostaglandin metabolism. Expression of SOCS-2 was enhanced, and TRAF6 and TNFα reduced, in the spleens of infected ASA-treated mice. Ablation of the initial innate response to infection may cause the increased mortality in ASA-treated mice as the host likely succumbs more quickly without the initiation of the “cytokine storm” during acute infection. We conclude that ASA, through both COX inhibition and other “off-target” effects, modulates the progression of acute and chronic Chagas disease. Thus, eicosanoids present during acute infection may act as immunomodulators aiding the transition to and maintenance of the chronic phase of the disease. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of ASA action may provide clues to the differences between host response in the acute and chronic T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Mukherjee
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Fabiana S. Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Huang Huang
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Helieh S. Oz
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Jelicks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and the M. Donald Blaufox Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Cibele M. Prado
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wade Koba
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and the M. Donald Blaufox Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Eugene J. Fine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and the M. Donald Blaufox Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Dazhi Zhao
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Factor
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Elias Collado
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Theoretical studies on model reaction pathways of prostaglandin H2 isomerization to prostaglandin D2/E2. Theor Chem Acc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-010-0814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2010; 4:111-20. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32833a1dfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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