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Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is commonly encountered in the pediatric population. Allergic and irritant are the two forms of CD and both cause significant clinical problems in children, but they are often underrecognized. The skin lesions in CD may be polymorphic and closely mimic other common pediatric skin diseases. The diagnosis usually requires patch testing after obtaining a detailed history and performing a physical examination. Metals, fragrances, and certain preservatives are the most common causative agents in children. This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this common skin condition in the pediatric population. [Pediatr Ann. 2021(5):e198-e205.].
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Clinical Features of Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Potential Co-Factors of an Intraoral Contact Allergy-A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030083. [PMID: 32756376 PMCID: PMC7559516 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of dental allergens and potential co-factors, especially hypothyroidism, for patients with an intraoral contact allergy. From 2015 to 2016, patients with confirmed symptoms of an intraoral contact allergy (study group SG n = 50) were recruited in the dental clinic of the University of Leipzig. The participants of the control group (CG n = 103) were patients without oral diseases or intraoral symptoms of a contact allergy. For the data collection, a new "Allergy questionnaire" was developed. Information on allergies and general diseases were collected. The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 23.0. Sensitizations/allergies to metals and composites were higher in SG compared to CG. Of all study participants (n = 148), 14.2% (n = 21) had a nickel allergy. In 18% (n = 8) of the SG a cobalt allergy based on all metal allergens could be seen. In addition, an association between a nickel and cobalt allergy was found. Hypothyroidism occurred significantly more frequently (p = 0.049) in SG than in CG. Sensitizations and allergies can occur to metals in dental alloys. Hypothyroidism increased the risk of having an allergy threefold.
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Melo TGD, Rosvailer MSC, Carvalho VOD. BATHING, MAKE-UP, AND SUNSCREEN: WHICH PRODUCTS DO CHILDREN USE? REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2020; 38:e2018319. [PMID: 32401944 PMCID: PMC7212586 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the hygiene practices and frequency of use of personal hygiene
products, cosmetics, and sunscreen among children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with interviews about skincare conducted with
caregivers through closed-ended questions. We included patients up to 14
years of age waiting for consultation in pediatric outpatient clinics of a
tertiary hospital. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and
applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher’s exact test to compare the
practices according to maternal schooling. Results: We conducted 276 interviews. The median age of the participants was age
four, and 150 (54.3%) were males. A total of 143 (51.8%) participants bathed
once a day and 128 (46.3%) bathed two or more times a day, lasting up to ten
minutes in 132 (47.8%) cases. Adult soap was used by 103 (37.3%) children
and bar soap by 220 (79.7%). Fifty-three (19.2%) participants used sunscreen
daily. Perfume was used by 182 (65.9%) children, hair gel by 98 (35.5%),
nail polish by 62 (22.4%), and some type of make-up by 71 (25.7%) -
eyeshadow by 30 (10.8%), lipstick by 52 (18.8%), face powder and mascara by
13 (4.7%). Make-up use started at a median age of 4 years. Henna tattoo was
done in eight children. Conclusions: The children studied used unsuitable products for their skin, such as those
intended for adults, used sunscreen inadequately, and started wearing
make-up early, evidencing the need for medical orientation.
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Veien NK. Clinical Features of Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_15-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact hypersensitivity is common in adolescents, but data in the literature are limited. Adolescents often use cosmetics, wear jewelry, and obtain tattoos, which can be sources of allergens. METHODS This was a retrospective, noninterventional cohort study of 100 adolescents (aged 13-18; 74 girls, 26 boys) who were consecutively patch tested. RESULTS We detected contact hypersensitivity in 51 of the 100 patch-tested patients (51%): 52.7% of the girls and 46.2% of the boys were sensitized. The most common allergens were nickel (17%), thimerosal (12%), para-phenylenediamine (8%), cobalt (7%), and fragrance mix I (6%). Thirteen percent of the reactions did not appear until the seventh day. The majority of clinical lesions affected the hands and face. The most common contact allergens were mercury derivatives, lanolin, and para-phenylenediamine in boys and nickel, thimerosal, para-phenylenediamine, cobalt, and fragrance mix I in girls. Of the 47 adolescents with atopic dermatitis 51.1% had contact hypersensitivity. In this group, skin care product ingredients were the typical allergens (25.5%). The most common contact allergens of those with atopic dermatitis were nickel (12.8%), lanolin (10.6%), and thimerosal (8.5%). CONCLUSION Contact hypersensitivity is common in adolescents. For patients with therapy-resistant skin lesions affecting the face and hands, patch testing with an evaluation for 7 days is recommended. Our results provide the first data on frequency of contact hypersensitivity in this age group in Hungary. Metals, fragrances, mercuric derivatives, dyeing materials, and skin care products were the most common allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erzsébet Temesvári
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Pónyai
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Simonsen AB, Foss-Skiftesvik MH, Thyssen JP, Deleuran M, Mortz CG, Zachariae C, Skov L, Osterballe M, Funding A, Avnstorp C, Andersen BL, Vissing S, Danielsen A, Dufour N, Nielsen NH, Thormann H, Sommerlund M, Johansen JD. Contact allergy in Danish children: Current trends. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:295-302. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. Simonsen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Majken H. Foss-Skiftesvik
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mette Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Charlotte G. Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mette Sommerlund
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Copenhagen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; Gentofte, Denmark
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Levandoski KA, Cohen BA, Grossberg AL. Evaluation of a Red Ear in the Pediatric Population. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2018; 57:629-636. [PMID: 29084450 DOI: 10.1177/0009922817737084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Inflammatory dermatoses encompass a variety of histologic patterns that affect different portions of the skin. In spongiotic, psoriasiform, lichenoid, pityriasiform, and blistering disorders, there are predominately epidermal and junctional activities with variable superficial dermal inflammation. Hypersensitivity reactions can show either epidermal or mostly dermal changes depending on whether the exposure of the exogenous allergen occurs through an external or internal route, respectively. Exceptions include erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, where the etiology is often due to infection or ingested medications, but the histologic features are almost exclusively confined to the epidermis and dermoepidermal junction. Autoimmune disorders are unique in that lesions typically incorporate a mixture of epidermal and dermal inflammatory patterns with periadnexal inflammation, while the vast majority of vasculitis/vasculopathy and alopecia have changes limited to only the vessels and hair follicles, respectively. It is critical to recognize that a relatively limited number of histologic patterns are seen in a large array of clinical entities. Therefore, clinicopathologic correlation and careful examination of histologic details are of the utmost importance when evaluating skin biopsies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Hsi
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ilana S Rosman
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,2 Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Beam JW, Buckley B, Holcomb WR, Ciocca M. National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Acute Skin Trauma. J Athl Train 2016; 51:1053-1070. [PMID: 28092169 PMCID: PMC5264562 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.7.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present recommendations for the cleansing, debridement, dressing, and monitoring of acute skin trauma in patients. BACKGROUND Acute skin trauma is common during participation in athletic and recreational activities. Clinical decisions and intervention protocols after injury vary among athletic trainers and are often based on ritualistic practices. An understanding of cleansing, debridement, and dressing techniques; clinical features of infection and adverse reactions; and monitoring of acute skin trauma is critical for certified athletic trainers and other allied health and medical professionals to create a local wound environment that promotes healing and lessens the risk of complications. RECOMMENDATIONS These guidelines are intended to provide the certified athletic trainer and others participating in athletic health care with specific knowledge about and recommendations for the management of acute skin trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel W. Beam
- Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville
| | - Bernadette Buckley
- Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville
| | | | - Mario Ciocca
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Rodrigues DF, Goulart EMA. Patch-test results in children and adolescents: systematic review of a 15-year period. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:64-72. [PMID: 26982781 PMCID: PMC4782649 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20163927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of studies on patch-test results in children and adolescents has
gradually increased in recent years, thus stimulating reviews. This paper is a
systematic review of a 15-year period devoted to studying the issue. Variations
pertaining to the number and age groups of tested children and/or adolescents,
the number of subjects with atopy/atopic dermatitis history, the quantity, type
and concentrations of the tested substances, the test technique and type of data
regarding clinical relevance, must all be considered in evaluating these
studies, as they make it harder to formulate conclusions. The most common
allergens in children were nickel, thimerosal, cobalt, fragrance, lanolin and
neomycin. In adolescents, they were nickel, thimerosal, cobalt, fragrance,
potassium dichromate, and Myroxylon pereirae. Knowledge of this matter aids
health professionals in planning preventive programs aimed at improving
children's quality of life and ensuring that their future prospects are not
undermined.
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Hill H, Goldenberg A, Golkar L, Beck K, Williams J, Jacob SE. Pre-Emptive Avoidance Strategy (P.E.A.S.) – addressing allergic contact dermatitis in pediatric populations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:551-61. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1142373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fonacier L, Bernstein DI, Pacheco K, Holness DL, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles S, Wallace D. Contact dermatitis: a practice parameter-update 2015. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 3:S1-39. [PMID: 25965350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, which represents the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Contact Dermatitis: A Practice Parameter-Update 2015." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is changing and not all recommendations will be appropriate or applicable to all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including members serving on the Joint Task Force, are authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information or interpretation of this practice parameter by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by the pharmaceutical industry in drug development or promotion. Previously published practice parameters of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters for Allergy & Immunology are available at http://www.JCAAI.org or http://www.allergyparameters.org.
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Pediatric Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Lessons for Better Care. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2015; 3:661-7; quiz 668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ho KK, Campbell KL, Lavergne SN. Contact dermatitis: a comparative and translational review of the literature. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:314-27, e66-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Ho
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Dr Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Karen L. Campbell
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Dr Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Sidonie N. Lavergne
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Av Urbana IL 61802 USA
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Brasch J, Becker D, Aberer W, Bircher A, Kränke B, Jung K, Przybilla B, Biedermann T, Werfel T, John SM, Elsner P, Diepgen T, Trautmann A, Merk HF, Fuchs T, Schnuch A. Guideline contact dermatitis: S1-Guidelines of the German Contact Allergy Group (DKG) of the German Dermatology Society (DDG), the Information Network of Dermatological Clinics (IVDK), the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Working Group for Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (ABD) of the DDG, the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the Professional Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD) and the DDG. ALLERGO JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 2014; 23:126-138. [PMID: 26146602 PMCID: PMC4484750 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Brasch
- />Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Detlef Becker
- />Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Aberer
- />Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Bircher
- />Allergy Unit, Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birger Kränke
- />Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Przybilla
- />Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- />Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- />Department of Dermatology, Allergology und Venerology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- />Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine und Theory of Health, University Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter Elsner
- />Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Austria
| | - Thomas Diepgen
- />Department of Clinical Social Medicine, University Hospital, Jena, Austria
| | - Axel Trautmann
- />Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans F. Merk
- />Clinic for Dermatology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- />Clinic for Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Medical University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Schnuch
- />Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, University Medicine of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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de Waard-van der Spek FB, Andersen KE, Darsow U, Mortz CG, Orton D, Worm M, Muraro A, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Grimalt R, Spiewak R, Rudzeviciene O, Flohr C, Halken S, Fiocchi A, Borrego LM, Oranje AP. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:321-9. [PMID: 23373713 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children is increasing. Sensitization to contact allergens can start in early infancy. The epidermal barrier is crucial for the development of sensitization and elicitation of ACD. Factors that may influence the onset of sensitization in children are atopic dermatitis, skin barrier defects and intense or repetitive contact with allergens. Topical treatment of ACD is associated with cutaneous sensitization, although the prevalence is not high. ACD because of haptens in shoes or shin guards should be considered in cases of persistent foot eruptions or sharply defined dermatitis on the lower legs. Clinical polymorphism of contact dermatitis to clothing may cause difficulties in diagnosing textile dermatitis. Toys are another potentially source of hapten exposure in children, especially from toy-cosmetic products such as perfumes, lipstick and eye shadow. The most frequent contact allergens in children are metals, fragrances, preservatives, neomycin, rubber chemicals and more recently also colourings. It is very important to remember that ACD in young children is not rare, and should always be considered when children with recalcitrant eczema are encountered. Children should be patch-tested with a selection of allergens having the highest proportion of positive, relevant patch test reactions. The allergen exposure pattern differs between age groups and adolescents may also be exposed to occupational allergens. The purpose of this review is to alert the paediatrician and dermatologist of the frequency of ACD in young children and of the importance of performing patch tests in every case of chronic recurrent or therapy-resistant eczema in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora B de Waard-van der Spek
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam and KinderHaven Havenziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Allergische Kontaktekzeme bei Kindern. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-011-2427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Campbell HE, Escudier MP, Patel P, Challacombe SJ, Sanderson JD, Lomer MCE. Review article: cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet as a primary treatment for orofacial granulomatosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:687-701. [PMID: 21815899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial granulomatosis is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the lips, face and mouth. The aetiology remains unclear but may involve an allergic component. Improvements have been reported with cinnamon- and benzoate-free diets. AIMS To explore the prevalence of compound and food sensitivity and examine the dietary treatments used in orofacial granulomatosis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out and relevant studies from January 1933 to January 2010 were identified using the electronic database search engines; AGRIS 1991-2008, AMED 1985-2008, British Nursing and Index archive 1985-2008, EMBASE 1980-2008, evidence based medicine review databases (e.g. Cochrane DSR), International Pharmaceutical and Medline 1950-2008. RESULTS Common sensitivities identified, predominantly through patch testing, were to benzoic acid (36%) food additives (33%), perfumes and flavourings (28%), cinnamaldehyde (27%), cinnamon (17%), benzoates (17%) and chocolate (11%). The cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet has been shown to provide benefit in 54-78% of patients with 23% requiring no adjunctive therapies. A negative or positive patch test result to cinnamaldehyde, and benzoates did not predict dietary outcome. The most concentrated source of benzoate exposure is from food preservatives. Use of liquid enteral formulas can offer a further dietary therapy, particularly in children with orofacial granulomatosis. CONCLUSION Management of orofacial granulomatosis is challenging but cinnamon- and benzoate-free diets appear to have a definite role to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Campbell
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London-KCL, London, UK
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Simonsen AB, Deleuran M, Johansen JD, Sommerlund M. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65:254-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Belloni Fortina A, Romano I, Peserico A, Eichenfield LF. Contact sensitization in very young children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:772-779. [PMID: 21616561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis is an increasingly recognized clinical problem in children. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate contact sensitization in patients younger than 3 years of age with suspected contact dermatitis. METHODS During a 6-year period (2002-2008), 321 children underwent routine patch testing with a screening pediatric standard series of 30 allergens. RESULTS Two hundred children (62.3%; 102 girls and 98 boys aged 3-36 months [mean age 27 + 5.6 months]) developed at least one positive reaction. The most frequent reactions were to nickel sulfate (26.8%), followed by potassium dichromate (9%), cocamidopropylbetaine (7.2%), cobalt chloride (6.2%), neomycin sulfate (5%), and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (4.4%). The prevalence of contact sensitization was similar in children with (61.3%) and without (63%) atopic dermatitis. LIMITATIONS The prevalence of contact sensitization in children younger than 3 years of age was not compared with the prevalence in older children. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of contact sensitization was found in preschool children, even younger than 3 years of age. Patch testing should be considered in this age group when persistent dermatitis does not respond to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Romano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, California
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Clinical Features. Contact Dermatitis 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03827-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bibliography. Genetics. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2010; 22:833-5. [PMID: 21610333 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32834179f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:400-6. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833d232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:191-4. [DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833ad4c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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