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Lin CM, Gill RG, Mehrad B. The natural killer cell activating receptor, NKG2D, is critical to antibody-dependent chronic rejection in heart transplantation. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3550-3560. [PMID: 34014614 PMCID: PMC9036609 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rejection is among the most pressing clinical challenges in solid organ transplantation. Interestingly, in a mouse model of heterotopic heart transplantation, antibody-dependent, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated chronic cardiac allograft vasculopathy occurs in some donor-recipient strain combinations, but not others. In this study, we sought to identify the mechanism underlying this unexplained phenomenon. Cardiac allografts from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched donors were transplanted into immune-deficient C57Bl/6.rag-/- recipients, followed by administration of a monoclonal antibody against the donor MHC class I antigen. We found marked allograft vasculopathy in hearts from C3H donors, but near-complete protection of BALB/c allografts from injury. We found no difference in recipient NK cell phenotype or intrinsic responsiveness to activating signals between recipients of C3H versus BALB/c allografts. However, cardiac endothelial cells from C3H allografts showed an approximately twofold higher expression of Rae-1, an activating ligand of the NK cell receptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D). Importantly, the administration of a neutralizing antibody against NKG2D abrogated the development of allograft vasculopathy in recipients of C3H allografts, even in the presence of donor-specific antibodies. Therefore, the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D is necessary in this model of chronic cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and strain-dependent expression of NK activating ligands correlates with the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Lin
- University of Florida. Department of Medicine (Gainesville, FL, USA)
| | - Ronald G. Gill
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus. Department of Surgery (Aurora, CO, USA)
| | - Borna Mehrad
- University of Florida. Department of Medicine (Gainesville, FL, USA)
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3
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Humanization of Immunodeficient Animals for the Modeling of Transplantation, Graft Versus Host Disease, and Regenerative Medicine. Transplantation 2021; 104:2290-2306. [PMID: 32068660 PMCID: PMC7590965 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The humanization of animals is a powerful tool for the exploration of human disease pathogenesis in biomedical research, as well as for the development of therapeutic interventions with enhanced translational potential. Humanized models enable us to overcome biologic differences that exist between humans and other species, while giving us a platform to study human processes in vivo. To become humanized, an immune-deficient recipient is engrafted with cells, tissues, or organoids. The mouse is the most well studied of these hosts, with a variety of immunodeficient strains available for various specific uses. More recently, efforts have turned to the humanization of other animal species such as the rat, which offers some technical and immunologic advantages over mice. These advances, together with ongoing developments in the incorporation of human transgenes and additional mutations in humanized mouse models, have expanded our opportunities to replicate aspects of human allotransplantation and to assist in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, the immune and tissue humanization of various species is presented with an emphasis on their potential for use as models for allotransplantation, graft versus host disease, and regenerative medicine.
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4
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Ngo Nyekel F, Pacreau E, Benadda S, Msallam R, Åbrink M, Pejler G, Davoust J, Benhamou M, Charles N, Launay P, Blank U, Gautier G. Mast Cell Degranulation Exacerbates Skin Rejection by Enhancing Neutrophil Recruitment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2690. [PMID: 30515167 PMCID: PMC6255985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences indicate an important role of tissue inflammatory responses by innate immune cells in allograft acceptance and survival. Here we investigated the role of mast cells (MC) in an acute male to female skin allograft rejection model using red MC and basophil (RMB) mice enabling conditional MC depletion. Kinetic analysis showed that MCs markedly accelerate skin rejection. They induced an early inflammatory response through degranulation and boosted local synthesis of KC, MIP-2, and TNF. This enhanced early neutrophil infiltration compared to a female-female graft-associated repair response. The uncontrolled neutrophil influx accelerated rejection as antibody-mediated depletion of neutrophils delayed skin rejection. Administration of cromolyn, a MC stabilizer and to a lesser extent ketotifen, a histamine type I receptor antagonist, and absence of MCPT4 chymase also delayed graft rejection. Together our data indicate that mediators contained in secretory granules of MC promote an inflammatory response with enhanced neutrophil infiltration that accelerate graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Ngo Nyekel
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Pacreau
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Samira Benadda
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Rasha Msallam
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Magnus Åbrink
- Section of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, VHC, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean Davoust
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Benhamou
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Charles
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Gautier
- INSERM UMRS 1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire D'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France
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5
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Robinson KA, Orent W, Madsen JC, Benichou G. Maintaining T cell tolerance of alloantigens: Lessons from animal studies. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1843-1856. [PMID: 29939471 PMCID: PMC6352985 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving host immune tolerance of allogeneic transplants represents the ultimate challenge in clinical transplantation. It has become clear that different cells and mechanisms participate in acquisition versus maintenance of allograft tolerance. Indeed, manipulations which prevent tolerance induction often fail to abrogate tolerance once it has been established. Hence, elucidation of the immunological mechanisms underlying maintenance of T cell tolerance to alloantigens is essential for the development of novel interventions that preserve a robust and long lasting state of allograft tolerance that relies on T cell deletion in addition to intra-graft suppression of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we discuss some essential elements of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of naturally occurring or experimentally induced allograft tolerance, including the newly described role of antigen cross-dressing mediated by extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney A. Robinson
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William Orent
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gilles Benichou
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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6
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Béland S, Désy O, Vallin P, Basoni C, De Serres SA. Innate immunity in solid organ transplantation: an update and therapeutic opportunities. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:377-89. [PMID: 25644774 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1008453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is increasingly recognized as a major player in transplantation. In addition to its role in inflammation in the early post-transplant period, innate immunity shapes the differentiation of cells of adaptive immunity, with a capacity to promote either rejection or tolerance. Emerging data indicate that innate allorecognition, a characteristic previously limited to lymphocytes, is involved in allograft rejection. This review briefly summarizes the physiology of each component of the innate immune system in the context of transplantation and presents the current or promising therapeutic applications, such as cellular, anticomplement and anticytokine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Béland
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, QC, Canada
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8
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Gaber LW, Knight RJ, Patel SJ. A surgeons' guide to renal transplant immunopathology, immunology, and immunosuppression. Surg Clin North Am 2013; 93:1293-307. [PMID: 24206852 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The response to allografting involves adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. In the adaptive system, activated T cells differentiate to cytotoxic effectors that attack the graft and trigger B cells to differentiation to plasma cells that produce anti-HLA antibodies. The innate immune system recognizes antigens in a non-specific manner and recruits immune cells to the graft through the productions of chemotactic factors, and activation of cytokines and the complement cascade. In the kidney the tubules and the endothelium are the targets of the rejection response. Immune suppression is effective in modulating the adaptive immune system effect on graft histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian W Gaber
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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10
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Chinn IK, Markert ML. Induction of tolerance to parental parathyroid grafts using allogeneic thymus tissue in patients with DiGeorge anomaly. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1351-5. [PMID: 21513969 PMCID: PMC3109298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
DiGeorge anomaly can affect both thymic and parathyroid function. Although athymia is corrected by allogeneic thymus transplantation, treatment options for hypoparathyroidism have been unsatisfactory. Parathyroid transplantation offers the potential for definitive cure but remains challenging because of graft rejection. Some allogeneic parathyroid grafts have functioned in adult recipients in the context of immunosuppression for renal transplantation. Other efforts have attempted to reduce the allogenicity of the parathyroid grafts through manipulation of the parathyroid tissues before transplantation (by using encapsulation or special culture techniques). Recently, we demonstrated the efficacy of parental parathyroid transplantation when combined with allogeneic thymus transplantation in an infant with complete DiGeorge anomaly. The recipient developed tolerance toward the parathyroid donor. The parathyroid graft has functioned for 5 years after transplantation without the need for continued immunosuppression or calcium supplementation. We observed that matching of the allogeneic thymus graft to the parathyroid donor HLA class II alleles that are unshared with the recipient appears to be associated with the induction of tolerance toward the parathyroid graft. Further work is needed to determine the optimal means for using combined allogeneic thymus and parental parathyroid transplantation to correct hypoparathyroidism in patients with both complete and partial DiGeorge anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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11
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Werner JM, Lang C, Scherer MN, Farkas SA, Geissler EK, Schlitt HJ, Hornung M. Distribution of intrahepatic T, NK and CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells alters after liver transplantation: Shift from innate to adaptive immunity? Transpl Immunol 2011; 25:27-33. [PMID: 21635950 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is an immunological organ containing a large number of T, NK and NKT cells, but little is known about intrahepatic immunity after LTx. Here, we investigated whether the distribution of T, NK and CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells is altered in transplanted livers under different circumstances. METHODS Core biopsies of transplanted livers were stained with antibodies against CD3 and CD56. Several cell populations including T (CD3(+)CD56(-)), NK (CD3(-)CD56(+)) and NKT cells (CD3(+)CD56(+)) were studied by fluorescence microscopy. Cell numbers were analyzed in relation to the time interval after LTx, immunosuppressive therapy and stage of acute graft rejection (measured with the rejection activity index: RAI) compared to tumor free liver tissue from patients after liver resection due to metastatic disease as control. RESULTS Recruitment of CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells revealed a significant decrease during high RAI scores in comparison to low and middle RAI scores (RAI 7-9: 0.03±0.01/HPF vs. RAI 4-6: 0.1±0.005/HPF). CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells were also lower during immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus (0.03±0.01/HPF) than with cyclosporine (0.1±0.003/HPF), cyclosporine/MMF (0.1±0.003/HPF) or sirolimus (0.1±0.01/HPF) treatment. Intrahepatic T cell numbers increased significantly 50days after LTx compared to control liver tissue (4.5±0.2/HPF vs. 1.9±0.1/HPF). In contrast, NK cells (0.3±0.004/HPF) were significantly fewer in all biopsies after LTx compared to the control (0.7±0.04/HPF). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate significant alterations in the hepatic recruitment of T, NK and CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells after LTx. The increase in T cells and the decrease in NK and CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells suggest a shift from innate to adaptive hepatic immunity in the liver graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens M Werner
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Surgery, Regensburg, Germany
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