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Kaba M, Kılıç S, Demir H. Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity in testicular cancer. Urologia 2024:3915603241249232. [PMID: 38741570 DOI: 10.1177/03915603241249232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular cancer is a significant malignancy affecting males, and understanding the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease is essential for improved management and treatment strategies. Prolidase enzyme, has been implicated in various disease processes. The assessment of serum prolidase activity and its relationship with testicular cancer can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with testicular cancer and evaluate their potential associations, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical alterations and potential implications for testicular cancer management. METHODS A total of 33 male patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were included, along with 35 age-matched male volunteers as the control group. Serum samples were collected and stored at -20°C until analysis. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels was performed. RESULTS The findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum prolidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testicular cancer patients compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly lower in testicular cancer patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, serum prolidase activity and biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress were investigated in testicular cancer patients. Oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity were found to be elevated in testicular cancer. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaba
- Department of Urology, Private Gebze Yuzyil Hospital, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Private Gebze Yuzyil Hospital, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Sadek KM, AbdEllatief HY, Mahmoud SFE, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Al‐Hajeili M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. New insights on testicular cancer prevalence with novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2052. [PMID: 38507271 PMCID: PMC10953835 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer (TC), comprising merely 1% of male neoplasms, holds the distinction of being the most commonly encountered neoplasm among young males. RECENT FINDINGS Most cases of testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main groups, namely germ cell tumors representing approximately 95% of the cases, and sex cord-stromal tumors accounting for about 5% of the cases. Moreover, its prevalence is on the rise across the globe. TC is a neoplastic condition characterized by a favorable prognosis. The advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic agents in the latter part of the 1970s has led to a significant enhancement in the 5-year survival rate, which presently surpasses 95%. Given that TC is commonly detected before reaching the age of 40, it can be anticipated that these individuals will enjoy an additional 40-50 years of life following successful treatment. The potential causes of TC are multifactorial and related to different pathologies. Accurate identification is imperative to guarantee the utmost efficacious and suitable therapy. To a certain degree, this can be accomplished through the utilization of blood examinations for neoplastic indicators; nonetheless, an unequivocal diagnosis necessitates an evaluation of the histological composition of a specimen via a pathologist. CONCLUSION TC is multifactorial and has various pathologies, therefore this review aimed to revise the prenatal and postnatal causes as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and the therapeutic strategies of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAbadiyyat DamanhurEgypt
| | - Hazem Y. AbdEllatief
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAbadiyyat DamanhurEgypt
| | - Sahar F. E. Mahmoud
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAbadiyyat DamanhurEgypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and DevelopmentChandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Research and Development, FunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research and DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Marwan Al‐Hajeili
- Department of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMarsa MatruhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Ditonno F, Franco A, Manfredi C, Fasanella D, Abate M, La Rocca R, Crocerossa F, Iossa V, Falagario UG, Cirillo L, Altieri VM, Di Mauro E, Crocetto F, Barone B, Cilio S, Pandolfo SD, Aveta A, Mirone V, Franzese CA, Arcaniolo D, Napolitano L. The Role of miRNA in Testicular Cancer: Current Insights and Future Perspectives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2033. [PMID: 38004082 PMCID: PMC10672751 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular germ cell tumours (TGTCs), challenges persist in identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection and precise disease management. This narrative review addresses the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in the treatment of TGCTs. Materials and Methods: Three databases (PubMed®, Web of Science™, and Scopus®) were queried for studies investigating the utility of miRNA as diagnostic tools, assessing their prognostic significance, and evaluating their potential to guide TGCT treatment. Different combinations of the following keywords were used, according to a free-text protocol: "miRNA", "non-coding RNA", "small RNA", "Testicular Cancer", "seminomatous testicular germ cell", "non-seminomatous testicular germ cell". Results: The potential of miRNAs as possible biomarkers for a non-invasive diagnosis of TGCT is appealing. Their integration into the diagnostic pathway for TGCT patients holds the potential to enhance the discriminative power of conventional serum tumour markers (STMs) and could expedite early diagnosis, given that miRNA overexpression was observed in 50% of GCNIS cases. Among miRNAs, miR-371a-3p stands out with the most promising evidence, suggesting its relevance in the primary diagnosis of TGCT, particularly when conventional STMs offer limited value. Indeed, it demonstrated high specificity (90-99%) and sensitivity (84-89%), with good positive predictive value (97.2%) and negative predictive value (82.7%). Furthermore, a direct relationship between miRNA concentration, disease burden, and treatment response exists, regardless of disease stages. The initial evidence of miRNA decrease in response to surgical treatment and systemic chemotherapy has been further supported by more recent results suggesting the potential utility of this tool not only in evaluating treatment response but also in monitoring residual disease and predicting disease relapse. Conclusions: MiRNAs could represent a reliable tool for accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring in the treatment of TGCT, providing more precise tools for early detection and treatment stratification. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical trials and comprehensive long-term data are needed to ensure their translation into effective clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ditonno
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University, 81100 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Fasanella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Abate
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto La Rocca
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Crocerossa
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iossa
- Department of Andrology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maria Altieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Mauro
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Cilio
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Aveta
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University, 81100 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Urology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Kirchner K, Seidel C, Paulsen FO, Sievers B, Bokemeyer C, Lessel D. Further Association of Germline CHEK2 Loss-of-Function Variants with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7065. [PMID: 38002677 PMCID: PMC10672725 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most frequent malignancy in young adult men and have one the highest heritability rates among all cancers. A recent multicenter case-control study identified CHEK2 as the first moderate-penetrance TGCT predisposition gene. Here, we analyzed CHEK2 in 129 TGCT cases unselected for age of onset, histology, clinical outcome, and family history of any cancer, and the frequency of identified variants was compared to findings in 27,173 ancestry-matched cancer-free men. We identified four TGCT cases harboring a P/LP variant in CHEK2 (4/129, 3.10%), which reached statistical significance (p = 0.0191; odds ratio (OR), 4.06; 95% CI, 1.59-10.54) as compared to the control group. Cases with P/LP variants in CHEK2 developed TGCT almost 6 years earlier than individuals with CHEK2 wild-type alleles (5.67 years; 29.5 vs. 35.17). No association was found between CHEK2 status and further clinical and histopathological characteristics, including histological subtypes, the occurrence of aggressive TGCT, family history of TGCT, and family history of any cancer. In addition, we found significant enrichment for the low-penetrance CHEK2 variant p.Ile157Thr (p = 0.0259; odds ratio (OR), 3.69; 95% CI, 1.45-9.55). Thus, we provide further independent evidence of CHEK2 being a moderate-penetrance TGCT predisposition gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Christoph Seidel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.S.); (F.-O.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Finn-Ole Paulsen
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.S.); (F.-O.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Bianca Sievers
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.S.); (F.-O.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.K.); (B.S.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Elesawy AE, Abulsoud AI, Moustafa HAM, Elballal MS, Sallam AAM, Elazazy O, El-Dakroury WA, Abdel Mageed SS, Abdelmaksoud NM, Midan HM, Shahin RK, Elrebehy MA, Nassar YA, Elazab IM, Elballal AS, Elballal MS, Doghish AS. miRNAs orchestration of testicular germ cell tumors - Particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154612. [PMID: 37327566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most frequently incident solid tumors in males. A growing prevalence has been documented in developed countries. Although recent advances have made TC an exceedingly treatable cancer, numerous zones in TC care still have divisive treatment decisions. In addition to physical examination and imaging techniques, conventional serum tumor markers have been traditionally used for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). Unlike other genital and urinary tract tumors, recent research methods have not been broadly used in TGCTs. Even though several challenges in TC care must be addressed, a dedicated group of biomarkers could be particularly beneficial to help classify patient risk, detect relapse early, guide surgery decisions, and tailor follow-up. Existing tumor markers (Alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and lactate dehydrogenase) have limited accuracy and sensitivity when used as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive markers. At present, microRNAs (miRNA or miR) play a crucial role in the process of several malignancies. The miRNAs exhibit pronounced potential as novel biomarkers since they reveal high stability in body fluids, are easily detected, and are relatively inexpensive in quantitative assays. In this review, we aimed to shed light on the recent novelties in developing microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in TC and discuss their clinical applications in TC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Yara A Nassar
- Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Elazab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Elballal
- Department of Dentistry, Medical Administration, University of Sadat City Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. State Trends of Cannabis Liberalization as a Causal Driver of Increasing Testicular Cancer Rates across the USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912759. [PMID: 36232059 PMCID: PMC9565972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of the worldwide doubling-tripling of testicular cancer rates (TCRs) in recent decades is unknown. Previous cohort studies associated cannabis use with TCR including dose-response relationships but the contribution of cannabis to TCRs at the population level is unknown. This relationship was tested by analyzing annual trends across US states and formally assessed causality. Four US datasets were linked at state level: age-adjusted TCRs from Centers for Disease Control Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database; drug use data from annual National Survey of Drug Use and Health including 74.1% response rate; ethnicity and median household income data from the US Census Bureau; and cannabinoid concentration data from Drug Enforcement Agency reports. Data was processed in R in spatiotemporal and causal inference protocols. RESULTS Cannabis-use quintile scatterplot-time and boxplots closely paralleled those for TCRs. The highest cannabis-use quintile had a higher TCR than others (3.44 ± 0.05 vs. 2.91 ± 0.2, mean ± S.E.M., t = 10.68, p = 1.29 × 10-22). A dose-response relationship was seen between TCR and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol, cannabigerol, and cannabichromene (6.75 × 10-9 < p < 1.83 × 10-142). In a multivariate inverse probability-weighted interactive regression including race and ethnic cannabis exposure (ECE), ECE was significantly related to TCR (β-estimate = 0.89 (95%C.I. 0.36, 2.67), p < 2.2 × 10-16). In an additive geospatiotemporal model controlling for other drugs, cannabis alone was significant (β-estimate = 0.19 (0.10, 0.28), p = 3.4 × 10-5). In a full geospatial model including drugs, income and ethnicity cannabinoid exposure was significant (cannabigerol: β-estimate = 1.39 (0.024, 2.53), p = 0.0017); a pattern repeated at two spatial and two temporal lags (cannabigerol: β-estimate = 0.71 (0.05, 1.37), p = 0.0.0350; THC: β-estimate = 23.60 (11.92, 35.29), p = 7.5 × 10-5). 40/41 e-Values > 1.25 ranged up to 1.4 × 1063 and 10 > 1000 fitting causal relationship criteria. Cannabis liberalization was associated with higher TCRs (ChiSqu. = 312.2, p = 2.64 × 10-11). Rates of TC in cannabis-legal states were elevated (3.36 ± 0.09 vs. 3.01 ± 0.03, t = 4.69, p = 4.86 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is closely and causally associated with TCRs across both time and space and higher in States with liberal cannabis legislation. Strong dose-response effects were demonstrated for THC, cannabigerol, cannabinol, cannabichromene and cannabidiol. Cannabinoid genotoxicity replicates all major steps to testicular carcinogenesis including whole-genome doubling, chromosomal arm excision, generalized DNA demethylation and chromosomal translocations thereby accelerating the pathway to testicular carcinogenesis by several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3844-4000; Fax: +61-7-3844-4015
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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The Impact of KRAS Mutational Status on Long-Term Survival following Liver Resection for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184370. [PMID: 36139531 PMCID: PMC9496723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutation is reportedly associated with poor prognosis in patients with different cancer types. However, mutational data on hilar cholangiocarcinoma are few and controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of KRAS mutations in a single-center homogeneous population resected for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the subsequent impact on prognosis. KRAS mutation status was evaluated in 54 patients undergoing major hepatectomy combined with resection of the main biliary confluence and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2001 and 2019. Among these 54 patients, 12 (22.2%) had a KRAS mutation. KRAS mutation was not related with pathologic characteristics of the tumor. Five-year overall survival (OS) in patients with KRAS mutation was significantly lower than that observed in patients with KRAS wild type (0 vs. 49.2%, respectively; p = 0.003). In the multivariable analysis; independent predictors of poor OS were KRAS mutation (HR = 5.384; p = 0.003) and lymph node metastases (HR = 2.805; p = 0.023). The results of our study suggested that KRAS mutation in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was not rarely observed. KRAS mutation was an independent strong predictor of poor OS. KRAS mutation analysis should be included in the routine pathologic evaluation of resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in order to better stratify prognosis
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