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Jia B, Shi Y, Yan Y, Shi H, Zheng J, Liu J. Engineering of Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers for Therapeutic Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400242. [PMID: 39037400 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), have garnered considerable attention as potential carriers for drug delivery, owing to their inherent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and prolonged circulation half-life. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the role of erythrocytes in drug delivery, elucidating recent advancements in delivering a diverse array of therapeutic agents, including small molecules, nucleic acids, antibodies, protein enzymes, and nanoparticles. Two primary strategies for encapsulating drugs within erythrocytes are systematically discussed: internal loading and surface loading. Each strategy offers distinct advantages in terms of drug stability and release kinetics. Notably, the utilization of erythrocyte membrane camouflaged nanocarriers holds promise for enhancing the biocompatibility of conventional nanoparticles and facilitating targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of biomedical applications of erythrocyte-based drug delivery systems are examined, ranging from cancer treatment to diabetes management, thrombosis prevention, and immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of current technologies in erythrocyte-loaded drug delivery, highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, and future directions for advancing therapeutic interventions in various disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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2
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Bollino D, Hameed K, Bhat A, Zarrabi A, Casildo A, Ma X, Tighe KM, Carter-Cooper B, Strovel ET, Lapidus RG, Emadi A. Long-acting Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pegcrisantaspase, induces alternate amino acid biosynthetic pathways in a preclinical model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38951899 PMCID: PMC11218198 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease without meaningful therapeutic options beyond the first salvage therapy. Targeting PDAC metabolism through amino acid restriction has emerged as a promising new strategy, with asparaginases, enzymes that deplete plasma glutamine and asparagine, reaching clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the anti-PDAC activity of the asparaginase formulation Pegcrisantaspase (PegC) alone and in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. METHODS Using mouse and human PDAC cell lines, we assessed the impact of PegC on cell proliferation, cell death, and cell cycle progression. We further characterized the in vitro effect of PegC on protein synthesis as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species and levels of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Additional cell line studies examined the effect of the combination of PegC with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. In vivo, the tolerability and efficacy of PegC, as well as the impact on plasma amino acid levels, was assessed using the C57BL/6-derived KPC syngeneic mouse model. RESULTS Here we report that PegC demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity in a panel of human and murine PDAC cell lines. This decrease in proliferation was accompanied by inhibited protein synthesis and decreased levels of glutathione. In vivo, PegC was tolerable and effectively reduced plasma levels of glutamine and asparagine, leading to a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model of PDAC. There was no observable in vitro or in vivo benefit to combining PegC with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics, including oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. Notably, PegC treatment increased tumor expression of asparagine and serine biosynthetic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of PegC in PDAC and highlight the importance of identifying candidates for combination regimens that could improve cytotoxicity and/or reduce the induction of resistance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bollino
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kanwal Hameed
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anusha Bhat
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arveen Zarrabi
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Casildo
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ma
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kayla M Tighe
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Carter-Cooper
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin T Strovel
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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3
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De Santis MC, Bockorny B, Hirsch E, Cappello P, Martini M. Exploiting pancreatic cancer metabolism: challenges and opportunities. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:592-604. [PMID: 38604929 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive form of pancreatic cancer, known for its challenging diagnosis and limited treatment options. The focus on metabolic reprogramming as a key factor in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance has gained prominence. In this review we focus on the impact of metabolic changes on the interplay among stromal, immune, and tumor cells, as glutamine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) emerge as pivotal players in modulating immune cell functions and tumor growth. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials that explore metabolic modulation for PDAC, targeting mitochondrial metabolism, asparagine and glutamine addiction, and autophagy inhibition. Overcoming challenges in understanding nutrient effects on immune-stromal-tumor interactions holds promise for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
| | - Bruno Bockorny
- BIDMC Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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4
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Waeterschoot J, Gosselé W, Lemež Š, Casadevall I Solvas X. Artificial cells for in vivo biomedical applications through red blood cell biomimicry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2504. [PMID: 38509073 PMCID: PMC10954685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research in artificial cell production holds promise for the development of delivery agents with therapeutic effects akin to real cells. To succeed in these applications, these systems need to survive the circulatory conditions. In this review we present strategies that, inspired by the endurance of red blood cells, have enhanced the viability of large, cell-like vehicles for in vivo therapeutic use, particularly focusing on giant unilamellar vesicles. Insights from red blood cells can guide modifications that could transform these platforms into advanced drug delivery vehicles, showcasing biomimicry's potential in shaping the future of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorik Waeterschoot
- Department of Biosystems - MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Willemien Gosselé
- Department of Biosystems - MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Špela Lemež
- Department of Biosystems - MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Yang J, Shi X, Kuang Y, Wei R, Feng L, Chen J, Wu X. Cell-nanocarrier drug delivery system: a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:581-596. [PMID: 37721694 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor targeting has been a great challenge for drug delivery systems. A number of nanotechnology-derived drug carriers have been developed for cancer treatment to improve efficacy and biocompatibility. Among them, the emergence of cell-nanocarriers has attracted great attention, which simulates cell function and has good biocompatibility. They can also escape the clearance of reticuloendothelial system, showing a long-cycle effect. The inherent tumor migration and tumor homing ability of cells increase their significance as tumor-targeting vectors. In this review, we focus on the combination of stem cells, immune cells, red blood cells, and cell membranes to nanocarriers, which enable chemotherapy agents to efficiently target lesion sites and improve drug distribution while being low toxic and safe. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons of these nanoparticles as well as the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Although research to address these limitations is still ongoing, this promising tumor-targeted drug delivery system will provide a safe and effective platform against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefen Yang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongxi Shi
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Kuang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruting Wei
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanni Feng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Lu Q, Liu T, Han Z, Zhao J, Fan X, Wang H, Song J, Ye H, Sun J. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: The power of cell-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2023; 361:604-620. [PMID: 37579974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous administration of drugs is a widely used cancer therapy approach. However, the efficacy of these drugs is often hindered by various biological barriers, including circulation, accumulation, and penetration, resulting in poor delivery to solid tumors. Recently, cell-based drug delivery platforms have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. These platforms offer several advantages, including prolonged circulation time, active targeting, controlled release, and excellent biocompatibility. Cell-based delivery systems encompass cell membrane coating, intracellular loading, and extracellular backpacking. These innovative platforms hold the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, presenting a plethora of opportunities for the advancement and integration of pharmaceuticals, medicine, and materials science. Nevertheless, several technological, ethical, and financial barriers must be addressed to facilitate the translation of these platforms into clinical practice. In this review, we explore the emerging strategies to overcome these challenges, focusing specifically on the functions and advantages of cell-mediated drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Helin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhai Y, Ji J, Yang X, Zhai G. Cellular Drug Delivery System for Disease Treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123069. [PMID: 37225024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The application of variable novel drug delivery system has shown a flowering trend in recent years. Among them, the cell-based drug delivery system (DDS) utilizes the unique physiological function of cells to deliver drugs to the lesion area, which is the most complex and intelligent DDS at present. Compared with the traditional DDS, the cell-based DDS has the potential of prolonged circulation in body. Cellular DDS is expected to be the best carrier to realize multifunctional drug delivery. This paper introduces and analyzes common cellular DDSs such as blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, tumor cells and bacteria as well as relevant research examples in recent years. We hope that this review can provide a reference for future research on cell vectors and promote the innovative development and clinical transformation of cell-based DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Stomatologic Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250001, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84124, United States of America
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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8
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Blachier J, Cleret A, Guerin N, Gil C, Fanjat JM, Tavernier F, Vidault L, Gallix F, Rama N, Rossignol R, Piedrahita D, Andrivon A, Châlons-Cottavoz M, Aguera K, Gay F, Horand F, Laperrousaz B. L-asparaginase anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer is dependent on its glutaminase activity and resistance is mediated by glutamine synthetase. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113568. [PMID: 36967104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase is a cornerstone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy since lymphoblasts lack asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and rely on extracellular asparagine availability for survival. Resistance mechanisms are associated with increased ASNS expression in ALL. However, the association between ASNS and l-Asparaginase efficacy in solid tumors remains unclear, thus limiting clinical development. Interestingly, l-Asparaginase also has a glutaminase co-activity that is crucial in pancreatic cancer where KRAS mutations activate glutamine metabolism. By developing l-Asparaginase-resistant pancreatic cancer cells and using OMICS approaches, we identified glutamine synthetase (GS) as a marker of resistance to l-Asparaginase. GS is the only enzyme able to synthesize glutamine, and its expression also correlates with l-Asparaginase efficacy in 27 human cell lines from 11 cancer indications. Finally, we further demonstrated that GS inhibition prevents cancer cell adaptation to l-Asparaginase-induced glutamine starvation. These findings could pave the way to the development of promising drug combinations to overcome l-Asparaginase resistance.
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Fu S, Xu S, Zhang S. The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in pancreatic cancer: From mechanism to application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188893. [PMID: 37015314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing in both developed and developing Nations. In recent years, various research evidence suggested that reprogrammed metabolism may play a key role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, it has great potential as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target. Amino acid metabolism is deregulated in pancreatic cancer, and changes in amino acid metabolism can affect cancer cell status, systemic metabolism in malignant tumor patients and mistakenly involved in different biological processes including stemness, proliferation and growth, invasion and migration, redox state maintenance, autophagy, apoptosis and even tumor microenvironment interaction. Generally, the above effects are achieved through two pathways, energy metabolism and signal transduction. This review aims to highlight the current research progress on the abnormal alterations of amino acids metabolism in pancreatic cancer, how they affect tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer and the application prospects of them as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenao Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shaokang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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10
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Safrhansova L, Hlozkova K, Starkova J. Targeting amino acid metabolism in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:37-79. [PMID: 36283767 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells. This phenomenon sustains uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis by increasing nutrients and energy supply. However, reprogramming comes together with vulnerabilities that can be used against tumor and can be applied in targeted therapy. In the last years, the genetic background of tumors has been identified thoroughly and new therapies targeting those mutations tested. Nevertheless, we propose that targeting the phenotype of cancer cells could be another way of treatment aiming to avoid drug resistance and non-responsiveness of cancer patients. Amino acid metabolism is part of the altered processes in cancer cells. Amino acids are building blocks and also sensors of signaling pathways regulating main biological processes. In this comprehensive review, we described four amino acids (asparagine, arginine, methionine, and cysteine) which have been actively investigated as potential targets for anti-tumor therapy. Asparagine depletion is successfully used for decades in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and there is a strong implication to apply it to other types of tumors. Arginine auxotrophic tumors are great candidates for arginine-starvation therapy. Higher requirement for essential amino acids such as methionine and cysteine point out promising targetable weaknesses of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Safrhansova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Darvishi F, Jahanafrooz Z, Mokhtarzadeh A. Microbial L-asparaginase as a promising enzyme for treatment of various cancers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5335-5347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Red Blood Cell Inspired Strategies for Drug Delivery: Emerging Concepts and New Advances. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2673-2698. [PMID: 35794397 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the past five decades, red blood cells (RBCs) have been extensively explored as drug delivery systems due to their distinguishing potential in modulating the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and biological activity of carried payloads. The extensive interests in RBC-mediated drug delivery technologies are in part derived from RBCs' unique biological features such as long circulation time, wide access to many tissues in the body, and low immunogenicity. Owing to these outstanding properties, a large body of efforts have led to the development of various RBC-inspired strategies to enable precise drug delivery with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced off-target toxicity. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts and new advances in such RBC-inspired strategies, including native RBCs, ghost RBCs, RBC-mimetic nanoparticles, and RBC-derived extracellular vesicles, for drug delivery.
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13
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Maese L, Rau RE. Current Use of Asparaginase in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoblastic Lymphoma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:902117. [PMID: 35844739 PMCID: PMC9279693 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.902117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cure rates have improved exponentially over the past five decades with now over 90% of children achieving long-term survival. A direct contributor to this remarkable feat is the development and expanded understanding of combination chemotherapy. Asparaginase is the most recent addition to the ALL chemotherapy backbone and has now become a hallmark of therapy. It is generally accepted that the therapeutic effects of asparaginase is due to depletion of the essential amino acid asparagine, thus occupying a unique space within the therapeutic landscape of ALL. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling have allowed a detailed and accessible insight into the biochemical effects of asparaginase resulting in regular clinical use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Asparaginase's derivation from bacteria, and in some cases conjugation with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety, have contributed to a unique toxicity profile with hypersensitivity reactions being the most salient. Hypersensitivity, along with several other toxicities, has limited the use of asparaginase in some populations of ALL patients. Both TDM and toxicities have contributed to the variety of approaches to the incorporation of asparaginase into the treatment of ALL. Regardless of the approach to asparagine depletion, it has continually demonstrated to be among the most important components of ALL therapy. Despite regular use over the past 50 years, and its incorporation into the standard of care treatment for ALL, there remains much yet to be discovered and ample room for improvement within the utilization of asparaginase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Maese
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Rachel E. Rau
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Cell-based drug delivery systems and their in vivo fate. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114394. [PMID: 35718252 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have received attention recently because of their unique biological properties and self-powered functions, such as excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, long circulation time, tissue-homingcharacteristics, and ability to cross biological barriers. A variety of cells, including erythrocytes, stem cells, and lymphocytes, have been explored as functional vectors for the loading and delivery of various therapeutic payloads (e.g., small-molecule and nucleic acid drugs) for subsequent disease treatment. These cell-based DDSs have their own unique in vivo fates, which are attributed to various factors, including their biological properties and functions, the loaded drugs and loading process, physiological and pathological circumstances, and the body's response to these carrier cells, which result in differences in drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarize the main cell-based DDSs and their biological properties and functions, applications in drug delivery and disease treatment, and in vivo fate and influencing factors. We envision that the unique biological properties, combined with continuing research, will enable development of cell-based DDSs as friendly drug vectors for the safe, effective, and even personalized treatment of diseases.
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15
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Chakrabarti S, Kamgar M, Mahipal A. Systemic Therapy of Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2588. [PMID: 35681565 PMCID: PMC9179239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by nonspecific presenting symptoms, lack of a screening test, rapidly progressive clinical course, and presentation with an advanced-stage disease in the majority of patients. PDAC is essentially a systemic disease irrespective of the initial stage, as most patients with non-metastatic PDAC undergoing curative-intent treatment eventually experience metastatic relapse. Currently, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment in patients with advanced disease. However, the current standard treatment with multiagent chemotherapy has modest efficacy and results in median overall survival (OS) of less than a year and a 5-year OS of about 10%. The pathobiology of PDAC poses many challenges, including a unique tumor microenvironment interfering with drug delivery, intratumoral heterogeneity, and a strongly immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports cancer growth. Recent research is exploring a wide range of novel therapeutic targets, including genomic alterations, tumor microenvironment, and tumor metabolism. The rapid evolution of tumor genome sequencing technologies paves the way for personalized, targeted therapies. The present review summarizes the current chemotherapeutic treatment paradigm of advanced PDAC and discusses the evolving novel targets that are being investigated in a myriad of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakti Chakrabarti
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Mandana Kamgar
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (S.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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16
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Malhotra S, Dumoga S, Singh N. Red blood cells membrane-derived nanoparticles: Applications and key challenges in their clinical translation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1776. [PMID: 35106966 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membrane-derived nanoparticles, particularly of red blood cells (RBCs), represent an emerging class of drug delivery systems. The lack of nucleus and organelles in these cells makes them easy to process and empty out intracellular contents. The empty vesicle membranes can then be either used as a coating on nanoparticles or can be reassembled into a nanovesicle. Engineered RBCs membrane has unique ability to retain its lipid bilayer architecture with host's proteins during top-down approach, thus allowing it to form stable nanoformulations mimicking RBCs stealth properties. In addition, its core-shell structure allows loading of different drug molecules, and its surface chemistry can be manipulated by facile conjugation with ligands on the shell. The remarkable ability of RBCs membrane to fuse with membranes of other cells enables the formation of hybrid nanovesicles. In this review, we highlight the biomedical applications of such vesicles and discuss the potential challenges related to its clinical translation. Although nano-RBCs retain much of the host's proteins, which may give an edge over synthetic nanoparticles in terms of lower immunogenicity, its production at industrial level is more challenging. This review gives the critical analysis of barriers involved in the translation of RBCs-derived nanoparticles from preclinical to clinical level. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Malhotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Biomedical Engineering unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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17
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Van Trimpont M, Peeters E, De Visser Y, Schalk AM, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Lavie A, Lammens T, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P. Novel Insights on the Use of L-Asparaginase as an Efficient and Safe Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040902. [PMID: 35205650 PMCID: PMC8870365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) therapy is key for achieving the very high cure rate of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet its use is mostly confined to this indication. One main reason preventing the expansion of today’s FDA-approved L-ASNases to solid cancers is their high toxicity and side effects, which become especially challenging in adult patients. The design of optimized L-ASNase molecules provides opportunities to overcome these unwanted toxicities. An additional challenge to broader application of L-ASNases is how cells can counter the pharmacological effect of this drug and the identification of L-ASNases resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability, with a focus on both hematological and solid tumors. Abstract L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that hydrolyses the amino acid asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Systemic administration of bacterial L-ASNase is successfully used to lower the bioavailability of this non-essential amino acid and to eradicate rapidly proliferating cancer cells with a high demand for exogenous asparagine. Currently, it is a cornerstone drug in the treatment of the most common pediatric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Since these lymphoblasts lack the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), these cells depend on the uptake of extracellular asparagine for survival. Interestingly, recent reports have illustrated that L-ASNase may also have clinical potential for the treatment of other aggressive subtypes of hematological or solid cancers. However, immunogenic and other severe adverse side effects limit optimal clinical use and often lead to treatment discontinuation. The design of optimized and novel L-ASNase formulations provides opportunities to overcome these limitations. In addition, identification of multiple L-ASNase resistance mechanisms, including ASNS promoter reactivation and desensitization, has fueled research into promising novel drug combinations to overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance both in hematological and solid tumors, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Van Trimpont
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Peeters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanti De Visser
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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18
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Dorman K, Heinemann V, Kobold S, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Boeck S. Novel systemic treatment approaches for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:249-262. [PMID: 35114868 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2037552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5-year overall survival rate of 10 %, emphasizing the need for more effective therapies, especially in metastatic disease. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, poor vascularization, and dense tumor stroma typical for PDAC are hurdles that need to be overcome by novel drugs. Investigations are moving towards more targeted treatments including immunotherapy and cell-based approaches. AREAS COVERED This article reviews emerging drugs in clinical development for metastatic PDAC, focusing on cellular therapies and novel treatments targeting metabolism, tumor stroma, oncogenic pathways and immunosuppression. With immunotherapy and CAR T cell therapy on the rise in hematological malignancies, the transfer to solid tumors remains intriguing. Multiple exciting clinical trials investigating innovative therapeutic strategies for PDAC are currently ongoing and reviewed herein. ClinicalTrials.gov, conference abstracts and PubMed were searched in August 2021 and assessed for information on ongoing and published clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION With many challenges to overcome, the optimal therapy for patients with metastatic PDAC is likely to consist of a combination of different agents. We are slowly moving from entity-dependent approaches to ones more focused on molecular and pathological features. Increasingly personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient may be the future of PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Dorman
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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19
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20
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Resealed erythrocytes: Towards a novel approach for anticancer therapy. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Okuda K, Umemura A, Kataoka S, Yano K, Takahashi A, Okishio S, Taketani H, Seko Y, Nishikawa T, Yamaguchi K, Moriguchi M, Nakagawa H, Liu Y, Mitsumoto Y, Kanbara Y, Shima T, Okanoue T, Itoh Y. Enhanced Antitumor Effect in Liver Cancer by Amino Acid Depletion-Induced Oxidative Stress. Front Oncol 2021; 11:758549. [PMID: 34796113 PMCID: PMC8593418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.758549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. HCC cells consume large amounts of glutamine to survive, but can adapt to glutamine depletion in the presence of an exogenous asparagine. L-asparaginase (ASNase) converts glutamine and asparagine to glutamate and aspartate, respectively, and has been used to treat leukemia. Here we examined the effects of ASNase treatment on HCC cells and explored the potential impact of combining ASNase with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib (Len) for HCC treatment. Cell viability and death of HCC cell lines treated with either Len or ASNase alone or with Len and ASNase combined were determined. We assessed mRNA and protein expression levels of glutamine synthetase (GS) and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) by real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. The antitumor effect of the combination therapy relative to Len or ASNase monotherapy was also evaluated in a xenograft tumor mouse model. ASNase treatment inhibited growth of SNU387 and SNU398 HCC cells, which have low GS and high ASNS expression levels, respectively, but did not clearly inhibit growth of the other cell lines. Len plus ASNase combination therapy synergistically inhibited proliferation and induced oxidative stress leading to cell death of some HCC cells lines. However, cell death of Huh7 cells, which express ASCT2, an important glutamine transporter for cancer cells, was not affected by the combination treatment. In a xenograft model, Len combined with ASNase significantly attenuated tumor development relative to mice treated with Len or ASNase alone. ASNase-mediated targeting of two amino acids, glutamine and asparagine, which are indispensable for HCC survival, induces oxidative stress and can be a novel cancer treatment option that exerts a synergistic effect when used in combination with Len.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Okuda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seita Kataoka
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kota Yano
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okishio
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Seko
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Liu
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanbara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Lukasheva EV, Babayeva G, Karshieva SS, Zhdanov DD, Pokrovsky VS. L-Lysine α-Oxidase: Enzyme with Anticancer Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1070. [PMID: 34832852 PMCID: PMC8618108 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-lysine α-oxidase (LO), one of L-amino acid oxidases, deaminates L-lysine with the yield of H2O2, ammonia, and α-keto-ε-aminocaproate. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have reported cytotoxic, antitumor, antimetastatic, and antitumor activity of LO. Unlike asparaginase, LO has a dual mechanism of action: depletion of L-lysine and formation of H2O2, both targeting tumor growth. Prominent results were obtained on murine and human tumor models, including human colon cancer xenografts HCT 116, LS174T, and T47D with maximum T/C 12, 37, and 36%, respectively. The data obtained from human cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice confirm the potential of LO as an agent for colon cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss recently discovered molecular mechanisms of biological action and the potential of LO as anticancer enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Gulalek Babayeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Saida Sh. Karshieva
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.L.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 1 Olimpiisky Prospect, 354340 Sochi, Russia
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23
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Li Y, Raza F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Rong R, Zheng M, Yuan W, Su J, Qiu M, Li Y, Raza F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Rong R, Zheng M, Yuan W, Su J, Qiu M. Clinical progress and advanced research of red blood cells based drug delivery system. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121202. [PMID: 34749072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are biocompatible carriers that can be employed to deliver different bioactive substances. In the past few decades, many strategies have been developed to encapsulate or attach drugs to RBCs. Osmotic-based encapsulation methods have been industrialized recently, and some encapsulated RBC formulations have reached the clinical stage for treating tumors and neurological diseases. Inspired by the intrinsic properties of intact RBCs, some advanced delivery strategies have also been proposed. These delivery systems combine RBCs with other novel systems to further exploit and expand the application of RBCs. This review summarizes the clinical progress of drugs encapsulated into intact RBCs, focusing on the loading and clinical trials. It also introduces the latest advanced research based on developing prospects and limitations of intact RBCs drug delivery system (DDS), hoping to provide a reference for related research fields and further application potential of intact RBCs based drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Wei
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Rong
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Y Li
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - F Raza
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wei
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - R Rong
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zheng
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yuan
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - J Su
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - M Qiu
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
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Chisari A, Golán I, Campisano S, Gélabert C, Moustakas A, Sancho P, Caja L. Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolic Dependencies Linked to Stemness and Metastasis in Different Aggressive Cancer Types. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723798. [PMID: 34588983 PMCID: PMC8473699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells are commonly characterised by being capable of invading tissue, growing self-sufficiently and uncontrollably, being insensitive to apoptosis induction and controlling their environment, for example inducing angiogenesis. Amongst them, a subpopulation of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs) shows sustained replicative potential, tumor-initiating properties and chemoresistance. These characteristics make CSCs responsible for therapy resistance, tumor relapse and growth in distant organs, causing metastatic dissemination. For these reasons, eliminating CSCs is necessary in order to achieve long-term survival of cancer patients. New insights in cancer metabolism have revealed that cellular metabolism in tumors is highly heterogeneous and that CSCs show specific metabolic traits supporting their unique functionality. Indeed, CSCs adapt differently to the deprivation of specific nutrients that represent potentially targetable vulnerabilities. This review focuses on three of the most aggressive tumor types: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and glioblastoma (GBM). The aim is to prove whether CSCs from different tumour types share common metabolic requirements and responses to nutrient starvation, by outlining the diverse roles of glucose and amino acids within tumour cells and in the tumour microenvironment, as well as the consequences of their deprivation. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, glucose and amino acid derivatives contribute to immune responses linked to tumourigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, potential metabolic liabilities are identified and discussed as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chisari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Irene Golán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Campisano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Caroline Gélabert
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nguyen ND, Yu M, Reddy VY, Acevedo-Diaz AC, Mesarick EC, Abi Jaoude J, Yuan M, Asara JM, Taniguchi CM. Comparative Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Induced Mitochondrial Fusion in Pancreatic Cancer. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090627. [PMID: 34564443 PMCID: PMC8470144 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly alter their shape through the recruitment of specialized proteins, like mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Mfn2 induces the fusion of nearby mitochondria, while Drp1 mediates mitochondrial fission. We previously found that the genetic or pharmacological activation of mitochondrial fusion was tumor suppressive against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in several model systems. The mechanisms of how these different inducers of mitochondrial fusion reduce pancreatic cancer growth are still unknown. Here, we characterized and compared the metabolic reprogramming of these three independent methods of inducing mitochondrial fusion in KPC cells: overexpression of Mfn2, genetic editing of Drp1, or treatment with leflunomide. We identified significantly altered metabolites via robust, orthogonal statistical analyses and found that mitochondrial fusion consistently produces alterations in the metabolism of amino acids. Our unbiased methodology revealed that metabolic perturbations were similar across all these methods of inducing mitochondrial fusion, proposing a common pathway for metabolic targeting with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Meifang Yu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Vinit Y. Reddy
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Ariana C. Acevedo-Diaz
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Enzo C. Mesarick
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Joseph Abi Jaoude
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.); (J.M.A.)
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.); (J.M.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cullen M. Taniguchi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.N.); (M.Y.); (V.Y.R.); (A.C.A.-D.); (E.C.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-745-5269
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Kamgar M, Chakrabarti S, Shreenivas A, George B. Evolution of Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 30:673-691. [PMID: 34511189 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by early systemic dissemination, a complex tumor microenvironment, as well as significant intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity. Treatment options and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have improved steadily over the last 3 decades. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, evolving therapeutic strategies are aimed at targeting the tumor microenvironment, metabolism, and the tumor-host immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Kamgar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Sakti Chakrabarti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Aditya Shreenivas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ben George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Novel engineering: Biomimicking erythrocyte as a revolutionary platform for drugs and vaccines delivery. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174009. [PMID: 33722591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, extensive studies on erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), as a mechanism for drug delivery, have been explored mainly because the cell itself is the most abundant and has astonishing properties such as a long life span of 100-120 days, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and flexibility. There are various types of RBC-based systems for drug delivery, including those that are genetically engineered, non-genetically engineered RBCs, as well as employing erythrocyte as nanocarriers for drug loading. Although promising, these systems are still in an early development stage. In this review, we aimed to highlight the development of biomimicking RBC-based drug and vaccine delivery systems, as well as the loading methods with illustrative examples. Drug-erythrocyte associations will also be discussed and highlighted in this review. We have highlighted the possibility of exploiting erythrocytes for the sustained delivery of drugs and vaccines, encapsulation of these biological agents within the erythrocyte or coupling to the surface of carrier erythrocytes, and provided insights on genetically- and non-genetically engineered erythrocytes-based strategies. Erythrocytes have been known as effective cellular carriers for therapeutic moieties for several years. Herein, we outline various loading methods that can be used to reap the benefits of these natural carriers. It has been shown that drugs and vaccines can be delivered via erythrocytes but it is important to select appropriate methods for increasing the drug encapsulated or conjugated on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane. The outlined examples will guide the selection of the most effective method as well as the impact of using erythrocytes as delivery systems for drugs and vaccines.
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Fu Y, Ding L, Yang X, Ding Z, Huang X, Zhang L, Chen S, Hu Q, Ni Y. Asparagine Synthetase-Mediated l-Asparagine Metabolism Disorder Promotes the Perineural Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637226. [PMID: 33777794 PMCID: PMC7987891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated amino acids metabolism reciprocally interplays with evolutionary phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells to enhance metastasis. The high metastasis potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can manifest with perineural invasion (PNI). We here aimed to determine the role of amino acids metabolism in OSCCs with different PNI statuses. Targeted metabolomics was used to quantify 48 amino acids in 20 fresh OSCC samples and 25 amino acids were successfully detected, within which 9 were significantly up-regulated in PNI positive (PNI+) samples. As its highest area under the curve value (0.9063), l-asparagine was selected as the biomarker to distinguish PNI+ from PNI negative (PNI-). Then, the key enzyme of l-asparagine, asparagine synthetase (ASNS), was investigated using immunohistochemistry with 86 OSCC patients. The results showed that ASNS mainly expressed in tumor epitheliums and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and PNI. Moreover, subgroup survival analysis revealed that ASNS expression combined with PNI status significantly improved their prognostic value, which was confirmed by the TCGA OSCC cohort (n = 279). To validate whether ASNS promotes PNI, we determined ASNS expression levels in five OSCC cell lines and one normal oral keratinocyte, and HSC3 showed the lowest ASNS level but CAL33 had the highest. Therefore, HSC3 and CAL33 (or PBS as control) were selected and injected separately into sciatic nerves to construct the in vivo PNI mouse models. Although both models eventually developed the hind-limb paralysis, nerve dysfunction in the CAL33 model progressed significantly earlier than HSC3 (Day 9 vs. Day 24). Besides, CAL33 migrated significantly farther than HSC3 in the nerve microenvironment (P = 0.0003), indicating high ASNS expression is indispensable for OSCC progression, especially PNI formation, through l-asparagine metabolism alteration. This study provides novel insights into how amino acids metabolism disorders alter tumor neurotropism which helps cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xihu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Nano-delivery systems represent one of the most studied fields, thanks to the associated improvement in the treatment of human diseases. The functionality of nanostructures is a crucial point, which the effectiveness of nanodrugs depends on. A hybrid approach strategy using synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) and erythrocytes offers an optimal blend of natural and synthetic materials. This, in turn, allows medical practitioners to exploit the combined advantages of erythrocytes and NPs. Erythrocyte-based drug delivery systems have been investigated for their biocompatibility, as well as the long circulation time allowed by specific surface receptors that inhibit immune clearance. In this review, we will discuss several methods—whole erythrocytes as drug carriers, red blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles and nano-erythrosomes (NERs)—while paying attention to their application and specific preparation methods. The ability to target cells makes erythrocytes excellent drug delivery systems. They can carry a wide range of therapeutic molecules while also acting as bioreactors; thus, they have many applications in therapy and in the diagnosis of many diseases.
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Apfel V, Begue D, Cordo' V, Holzer L, Martinuzzi L, Buhles A, Kerr G, Barbosa I, Naumann U, Piquet M, Ruddy D, Weiss A, Ferretti S, Almeida R, Bonenfant D, Tordella L, Galli GG. Therapeutic Assessment of Targeting ASNS Combined with l-Asparaginase Treatment in Solid Tumors and Investigation of Resistance Mechanisms. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:327-337. [PMID: 33615182 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine deprivation by l-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an effective therapeutic strategy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with resistance occurring due to upregulation of ASNS, the only human enzyme synthetizing asparagine (Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2006, 75 (1), 629-654). l-Asparaginase efficacy in solid tumors is limited by dose-related toxicities (OncoTargets and Therapy 2017, pp 1413-1422). Large-scale loss of function genetic in vitro screens identified ASNS as a cancer dependency in several solid malignancies (Cell 2017, 170 (3), 564-576.e16. Cell 2017, 170 (3), 577-592.e10). Here we evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting ASNS in melanoma cells. While we confirm in vitro dependency on ASNS silencing, this is largely dispensable for in vivo tumor growth, even in the face of asparagine deprivation, prompting us to characterize such a resistance mechanism to devise novel therapeutic strategies. Using ex vivo quantitative proteome and transcriptome profiling, we characterize the compensatory mechanism elicited by ASNS knockout melanoma cells allowing their survival. Mechanistically, a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that such a resistance mechanism is elicited by a dual axis: GCN2-ATF4 aimed at restoring amino acid levels and MAPK-BCLXL to promote survival. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of such nodes synergizes with l-asparaginase-mediated asparagine deprivation in ASNS deficient cells suggesting novel potential therapeutic combinations in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Apfel
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Begue
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cordo'
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Holzer
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Martinuzzi
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Buhles
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grainne Kerr
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ines Barbosa
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Piquet
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139United States
| | - David Ruddy
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139United States
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Ferretti
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinaldo Almeida
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debora Bonenfant
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Tordella
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio G Galli
- Disease area Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Pathria G, Verma S, Yin J, Scott DA, Ronai ZA. MAPK signaling regulates c-MYC for melanoma cell adaptation to asparagine restriction. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51436. [PMID: 33554439 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid restriction is among promising potential cancer treatment strategies. However, cancer cells employ a multitude of mechanisms to mount resistance to amino acid restriction, which impede the latter's clinical development. Here we show that MAPK signaling activation in asparagine-restricted melanoma cells impairs GSK3-β-mediated c-MYC degradation. In turn, elevated c-MYC supports ATF4 translational induction by enhancing the expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5, increasing the uptake of essential amino acids, and the subsequent maintenance of mTORC1 activity in asparagine-restricted melanoma cells. Blocking the MAPK-c-MYC-SLC7A5 signaling axis cooperates with asparagine restriction to effectively suppress melanoma cell proliferation. This work reveals a previously unknown axis of cancer cell adaptation to asparagine restriction and informs mechanisms that may be targeted for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of asparagine limiting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pathria
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sachin Verma
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zheng-Lin B, O'Reilly EM. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the era of precision medicine. Semin Oncol 2021; 48:19-33. [PMID: 33637355 PMCID: PMC8355264 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm for treatment of PDAC is shifting from a "one size fits all" of cytotoxic therapy to a precision medicine approach based on specific predictive biomarkers for a subset of patients. As the genomic landscape of pancreatic carcinogenesis has become increasingly defined, several oncogenic alterations have emerged as actionable targets and their use has been validated in novel approaches such as targeting mutated germline DNA damage response genes (BRCA) and mismatch deficiency (dMMR/MSI-H) or blockade of rare somatic oncogenic fusions. Chemotherapy selection based on transcriptomic subtypes and developing stroma- and immune-modulating strategies have yielded encouraging results and may open therapeutic refinement to a broader PDAC population. Notwithstanding, a series of negative late-stage trials over the last year continue to underscore the inherent challenges in the treatment of PDAC. Multifactorial therapy resistance warrants further exploration in PDAC "omics" and tumor-stroma-immune cells crosstalk. Herein, we discuss precision medicine approaches applied to the treatment of PDAC, its current state and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zheng-Lin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Engineered red blood cells (RBCs) appear to be a promising method for therapeutic drug and protein delivery. With a number of agents in clinical trials (e.g., dexamethasone 21-phosphate in ataxia telangiectasia, asparaginase in pancreatic cancer/acute lymphoblastic leukemia, thymidine phosphorylase in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, RTX-134 in phenylketonuria, etc.), this leading article summarizes the ongoing efforts in developing these agents, focuses on the clinical progress, and provides a brief background into engineered RBCs and the different ways in which they can be exploited for therapeutic/diagnostic purposes. References to available data on safety, efficacy, and tolerability are reported. Due to the continuous progress in this field, the information is updated as of January 2020 from databases, websites, and press releases of the involved companies and information that is in the public domain.
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Harnessing the Co-vulnerabilities of Amino Acid-Restricted Cancers. Cell Metab 2021; 33:9-20. [PMID: 33406406 PMCID: PMC7837405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained proliferative potential of cancer cells creates heightened energetic and biosynthetic demands. The resulting overt dependence of cancer cells on unperturbed nutrient supply has prompted a widespread interest in amino acid restriction strategies as potential cancer therapeutics. However, owing to rapid signaling and metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, the prospects for success of amino acid restriction approaches remain unclear. We thus recognize that the identification of co-vulnerabilities of amino acid-restricted cancers may inform actionable targets for effective combined interventions. In this perspective, we outline the current state of key cellular mechanisms underlying adaptation to amino acid restriction and discuss the role of signal transduction pathways governing cancer cell resistance to amino acid restriction, with potential ramifications for the design of future therapeutic efforts.
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Bachet JB, Blons H, Hammel P, Hariry IE, Portales F, Mineur L, Metges JP, Mulot C, Bourreau C, Cain J, Cros J, Laurent-Puig P. Circulating Tumor DNA is Prognostic and Potentially Predictive of Eryaspase Efficacy in Second-line in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5208-5216. [PMID: 32605910 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eryaspase is composed of l-asparaginase encapsulated in erythrocytes and has demonstrated significant efficacy in a randomized phase II trial. We assessed the prognostic and predictive value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients, plasma included in this trial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Samples prospectively collected pretreatment were centrally analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Prognostic values of baseline ctDNA and ctDNA early changes between day 0 and 28 were assessed in both arms combined on objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS); three groups were defined: negative ctDNA (Neg), ctDNA responders (Resp), and ctDNA nonresponders (NResp). Predictive value of ctDNA for eryaspase efficacy was investigated. RESULTS ctDNA was positive at baseline in 77 patients of the 113 tested patients (68%). Detectable ctDNA was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (4.6 vs. 8.8 months; P = 0.0025) and PFS (1.6 vs. 3.3 months; P = 0.00043). Early change in ctDNA levels was correlated with ORR (20%, 26%, 0%; P < 0.04), PFS (3.7, 3.4, 1.6 months; P < 0.0001), and OS (11.7, 6.5, 4.3 months; P < 0.0001) according to the three defined groups (Neg, Res, NResp, respectively). In patients with ctDNA detectable at baseline, eryaspase was associated with better PFS [HR = 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-0.94)] and OS (HR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.91). CONCLUSIONS We confirm from a prospective randomized trial that: (i) the presence of ctDNA at baseline is a major prognostic factor, (ii) the early change of ctDNA correlates with treatment outcome, and (iii) the ctDNA could be a predictive biomarker of eryaspase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université, IUC, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Medical Oncology Unit, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Mineur
- Institut Sainte Catherine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Cancer Unit, Chemin de baigne pieds, Avignon, France
| | | | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France
- Biological Ressources Center Epigenetec (BB-0033-00055), INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Bourreau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France
- Biological Ressources Center Epigenetec (BB-0033-00055), INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Cros
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris University, Department of Pathology Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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Xu R, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Yang G, Chen Y, You L, Zhao Y. Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572722. [PMID: 33117704 PMCID: PMC7550743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. Energy metabolism reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer. In addition to well-elaborated enhanced glycolysis, investigating the role of reprogramming of amino acid metabolism has sparked great interests in recent years. The rewiring amino acid metabolism orchestrated by genetic alterations contributes to pancreatic cancer malignant characteristics including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and redox balance. In the unique hypoperfused and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment (TME), the interactions between cancer cells and stromal components and salvaging processes including autophagy and macropinocytosis play critical roles in fulfilling the metabolic requirements and supporting growth of PDAC. In this review, we elucidate the recent advances in the amino acid metabolism reprogramming in pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms of amino acid metabolism regulating PDAC progression, which will provide opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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The role of asparagine synthetase on nutrient metabolism in pancreatic disease. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1029-1034. [PMID: 32800652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas avidly takes up and synthesizes the amino acid asparagine (Asn), in part, to maintain an active translational machinery that requires incorporation of the amino acid. The de novo synthesis of Asn in the pancreas occurs through the enzyme asparagine synthetase (ASNS). The pancreas has the highest expression of ASNS of any organ, and it can further upregulate ASNS expression in the setting of amino acid depletion. ASNS expression is driven by an intricate feedback network within the integrated stress response (ISR), which includes the amino acid response (AAR) and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Asparaginase is a cancer chemotherapeutic drug that depletes plasma Asn. However, asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) is a major medical problem and could be related to pancreatic Asn depletion. In this review, we will provide an overview of ASNS and then describe its role in pancreatic health and in the exocrine disorders of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. We will offer the overarching perspective that a high abundance of ASNS expression is hardwired in the exocrine pancreas to buffer the high demands of Asn for pancreatic digestive enzyme protein synthesis, that perturbations in the ability to express or upregulate ASNS could tip the balance towards pancreatitis, and that pancreatic cancers exploit ASNS to gain a metabolic survival advantage.
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Siolas D, Morrissey C, Oberstein PE. The Achilles' Heel of Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting pancreatic cancer's unique immunologic characteristics and metabolic dependencies in clinical trials. JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY 2020; 3:121-131. [PMID: 33133736 PMCID: PMC7595263 DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate and is notoriously refractory to multiple cancer treatments. In recent years, cancer therapy has expanded beyond traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted agents and immunotherapy which have been successfully implemented in many cancers. Despite robust pre-clinical research, these novel therapies have only had a small impact on PDAC. However, there have been successes with emerging clinical data supporting a potential role for checkpoint inhibitor therapy and targeted therapy with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for select subsets of PDAC patients. In this clinical review, we discuss recent pre-clinical evidence for targeting metabolic pathways as well as prevalent intratumoral immune subsets, and focus on clinical trials designed to test novel agents in PDAC. The challenge of translating pre-clinical findings to patients remains substantial and many clinical trials yield negative results, but collaborative efforts and renewed focus on novel clinical trials have led to optimism that we will identify additional options for PDAC patients and change outcomes for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Siolas
- Department of Medicine, Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Christy Morrissey
- Department of Medicine, Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Paul Eliezer Oberstein
- Department of Medicine, Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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Qin C, Yang X, Zhan Z. High Expression of Asparagine Synthetase Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Chinese Population. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:581-585. [PMID: 32412789 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to determine the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in breast cancer (BC) tissues and estimate its prognostic value for BC patients. Besides, the roles of ASNS in the proliferation of BC cells were also examined in the study. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the expression of ASNS mRNA in BC tissues and normal controls. The relationship between ASNS expression and clinical characteristics of BC patients was analyzed using χ-square test. MTT assay was performed to explore the effect of ASNS expression on the proliferation of BC cells. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to describe the overall survival rate of BC patients. Cox regression analyses were implemented to investigate prognostic factors. Results: ASNS mRNA overexpression was observed in BC tissues (p < 0.05). High expression of ASNS was significantly related to histological grade (p = 0.017), vascular invasion (p = 0.009), and PR status (p = 0.014). The downregulation of ASNS affected the proliferation of BC cells (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival showed that patients with high ASNS expression lived shorter than those with low expressions (p < 0.001). Finally, Cox regression analyses revealed that ASNS could act as a prognostic marker for BC patients (p < 0.001, HR = 3.293, 95% CI = 1.790-6.058). Conclusion: Taken together, ASNS is a valuable prognostic biomarker for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Qin
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai City, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai City, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhan
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai City, China
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41
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Bax BE. Erythrocytes as Carriers of Therapeutic Enzymes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E435. [PMID: 32397259 PMCID: PMC7284836 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes are administered for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. They exert their effects through binding with a high affinity and specificity to disease-causing substrates to catalyze their conversion to a non-noxious product, to induce an advantageous physiological change. However, the metabolic and clinical efficacies of parenterally or intramuscularly administered therapeutic enzymes are very often limited by short circulatory half-lives and hypersensitive and immunogenic reactions. Over the past five decades, the erythrocyte carrier has been extensively studied as a strategy for overcoming these limitations and increasing therapeutic efficacy. This review examines the rationale for the different therapeutic strategies that have been applied to erythrocyte-mediated enzyme therapy. These strategies include their application as circulating bioreactors, targeting the monocyte-macrophage system, the coupling of enzymes to the surface of the erythrocyte and the engineering of CD34+ hematopoietic precursor cells for the expression of therapeutic enzymes. An overview of the diverse biomedical applications for which they have been investigated is also provided, including the detoxification of exogenous chemicals, thrombolytic therapy, enzyme replacement therapy for metabolic diseases and antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E Bax
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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42
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage, with systemic therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Survival continues to be limited, typically less than 1 year. The PDAC microenvironment is characterized by a paucity of malignant epithelial cells, abundant stroma with predominantly immunosuppressive T cells and myelosuppressive-type macrophages (M2), and hypovascularity. The current treatment options for metastatic PDAC are modified (m)FOLFIRINOX /FOLFIRINOX or nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with good performance status (PS) (ECOG 0-1/KPS 70-100%) and gemcitabine with or without a second agent for those with ECOG PS 2-3. New therapies are emerging, and the current guidelines endorse both germline and somatic testing in PDAC to evaluate actionable findings. Important themes related to new therapeutic approaches include DNA damage repair strategies, immunotherapy, targeting the stroma, and cancer-cell metabolism. Targeted therapy alone (outside small genomically defined subsets) or in combination with standard cytotoxic therapy, thus far, has proven disappointing in PDAC; however, novel therapies are evolving with increased integration of genomic profiling along with a better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and immunology. A small but important sub-group of patients have some of these agents available in the clinics for use. Olaparib was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for maintenance therapy in germline BRCA1/2 mutated PDAC following demonstration of survival benefit in a phase 3 trial. Pembrolizumab is approved for patients with defects in mismatch repair/microsatellite instability. PDAC with wild-type KRAS represents a unique subgroup who have enrichment of potentially targetable oncogenic drivers. Small-molecule inhibitors including ERBB inhibitors (e.g., afatinib, MCLA-128), TRK inhibitors (e.g., larotrectinib, entrectinib), ALK/ROS inhibitor (e.g., crizotinib), and BRAF/MEK inhibitors are in development. In a small subset of patients with the KRASG12C mutation, a KRASG12C inhibitor, AMG510, and other agents are being investigated. Major efforts are underway to effectively target the tumor microenvironment and to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of PDAC, and although thus far the impact has been modest to ineffective, nonetheless, there is optimism that some of the challenges will be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raj Singh
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Koleva L, Bovt E, Ataullakhanov F, Sinauridze E. Erythrocytes as Carriers: From Drug Delivery to Biosensors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E276. [PMID: 32197542 PMCID: PMC7151026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery using natural biological carriers, especially erythrocytes, is a rapidly developing field. Such erythrocytes can act as carriers that prolong the drug's action due to its gradual release from the carrier; as bioreactors with encapsulated enzymes performing the necessary reactions, while remaining inaccessible to the immune system and plasma proteases; or as a tool for targeted drug delivery to target organs, primarily to cells of the reticuloendothelial system, liver and spleen. To date, erythrocytes have been studied as carriers for a wide range of drugs, such as enzymes, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antiviral drugs, etc., and for diagnostic purposes (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging). The review focuses only on drugs loaded inside erythrocytes, defines the main lines of research for erythrocytes with bioactive substances, as well as the advantages and limitations of their application. Particular attention is paid to in vivo studies, opening-up the potential for the clinical use of drugs encapsulated into erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Koleva
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Bovt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Fazoil Ataullakhanov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, build. 2, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Sinauridze
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
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44
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Qin C, Yang G, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Chen G, Zhao F, You L, Wang W, Zhao Y. Metabolism of pancreatic cancer: paving the way to better anticancer strategies. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:50. [PMID: 32122374 PMCID: PMC7053123 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the most lethal diseases. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that reprogrammed metabolism may play a critical role in the carcinogenesis, progression, treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Affected by internal or external factors, pancreatic cancer cells adopt extensively distinct metabolic processes to meet their demand for growth. Rewired glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism and metabolic crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment contribute to unlimited pancreatic tumor progression. In addition, the metabolic reprogramming involved in pancreatic cancer resistance is also closely related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and results in a poor prognosis. Reflective of the key role of metabolism, the number of preclinical and clinical trials about metabolism-targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer is increasing. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients might be largely improved after employing therapies that regulate metabolism. Thus, investigations of metabolism not only benefit the understanding of carcinogenesis and cancer progression but also provide new insights for treatments against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, PR China.
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, PR China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, PR China. .,Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, PR China.
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45
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Hammel P, Fabienne P, Mineur L, Metges JP, Andre T, De La Fouchardiere C, Louvet C, El Hajbi F, Faroux R, Guimbaud R, Tougeron D, Bouche O, Lecomte T, Rebischung C, Tournigand C, Cros J, Kay R, Hamm A, Gupta A, Bachet JB, El Hariry I. Erythrocyte-encapsulated asparaginase (eryaspase) combined with chemotherapy in second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: An open-label, randomized Phase IIb trial. Eur J Cancer 2019; 124:91-101. [PMID: 31760314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This Phase IIb (NCT02195180) open-label study evaluated erythrocyte-encapsulated asparaginase (eryaspase) in combination with chemotherapy in second-line advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Eligible patients were randomized 2:1 to either eryaspase in combination with gemcitabine or mFOLFOX6 (eryaspase arm), or to gemcitabine or mFOLFOX6 alone (control arm). Co-primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with low asparagine synthetase (ASNS) expression. Secondary endpoints included OS and PFS in the entire population. RESULTS 141 patients were randomized (eryaspase arm, n = 95; control arm, n = 46). Median OS and PFS in patients with low ASNS expression were 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.1-8.8) in the eryaspase arm versus 4.9 months (3.1-7.1) in the control arm (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.39-1.01; P = 0.056) and 2.0 months (95% CI, 1.8-3.4) in the eryaspase arm versus 1.8 months (1.4-3.8) in the control arm (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.40-1.12; P = 0.127), respectively. In the entire population, median OS and PFS for the eryaspase arm versus control were 6.0 months versus 4.4 months (HR, 0.60; P = 0.008) and 2.0 months versus 1.6 months (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.84; P = 0.005), respectively. The combination of eryaspase and chemotherapy was well tolerated. The most frequent Grade 3/4 adverse events in the eryaspase arm (n = 93) were gamma-glutamyltransferase increase (16 [17.2%]), neutropenia (12 [12.9%]), and physical health deterioration (12 [12.9%]). CONCLUSION Eryaspase in combination with chemotherapy is associated with improvements in OS and PFS, irrespective of ASNS expression in second-line advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A Phase III trial is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hammel
- Digestive and Medical Oncology Unit, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University Denis Diderot Paris VII, 92110 Clichy, France.
| | - Portales Fabienne
- Parc Euromedecine, 208 Rue Des Apothicaires, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Mineur
- Institut Sainte Catherine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Cancer Unit, Chemin de Baigne Pieds, 84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Thierry Andre
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, France
| | | | - Christophe Louvet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Farid El Hajbi
- Centre Oscar Lambret, 3 Rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Roger Faroux
- Les Oudairies, Hospital La Roche-Sur-Yon, Boulevard Stephane Moreau, 85000 La Roche Sur Yon, France
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - David Tougeron
- Gastroenterology Department and Medical Oncology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Bouche
- Service Oncologie Digestive, CHU Reims, Avenue Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cede, France
| | - Thierry Lecomte
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Christine Rebischung
- Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste de Grenoble, 8 Rue Docteur Calmette, 38100 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- Service d'Oncologie médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jerome Cros
- Beaujon University Hospital, Department of Pathology-INSERM U1149, 100 Bvd Gal Lerclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Richard Kay
- RK Statistics Ltd, St Giles View, Main Street, Great Longstone, Bakewell, DE45 1TZ, UK
| | - Adam Hamm
- Cytel Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anu Gupta
- ERYTECH, One Main Street, Suite 1150, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université, Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Iman El Hariry
- ERYTECH, One Main Street, Suite 1150, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Pathria G, Lee JS, Hasnis E, Tandoc K, Scott DA, Verma S, Feng Y, Larue L, Sahu AD, Topisirovic I, Ruppin E, Ronai ZA. Translational reprogramming marks adaptation to asparagine restriction in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1590-1603. [PMID: 31740775 PMCID: PMC7307327 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
While amino acid restriction remains an attractive strategy for cancer therapy, metabolic adaptations limit its effectiveness. Here we demonstrate a role of translational reprogramming in the survival of asparagine-restricted cancer cells. Asparagine limitation in melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells activates RTK-MAPK as part of a feedforward mechanism involving mTORC1-dependent increase in MNK1 and eIF4E, resulting in enhanced translation of ATF4 mRNA. MAPK inhibition attenuates translational induction of ATF4 and the expression of its target asparagine biosynthesis enzyme ASNS, sensitizing melanoma and pancreatic tumors to asparagine restriction, reflected in their growth inhibition. Correspondingly, low ASNS expression is among the top predictors of response to MAPK signaling inhibitors in melanoma patients and is associated with favorable prognosis, when combined with low MAPK signaling activity. While unveiling a previously unknown axis of adaptation to asparagine deprivation, these studies offer the rationale for clinical evaluation of MAPK inhibitors in combination with asparagine restriction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pathria
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Erez Hasnis
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristofferson Tandoc
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, and Departments of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Scott
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sachin Verma
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Larue
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France.,Universitê Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Avinash D Sahu
- Harvard School of Public Health and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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47
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What makes a good new therapeutic l-asparaginase? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:152. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Fonnes T, Trovik J, Edqvist PH, Fasmer KE, Marcickiewicz J, Tingulstad S, Staff AC, Bjørge L, Amant F, Haldorsen IS, Werner H, Akslen LA, Tangen IL, Krakstad C. Asparaginase-like protein 1 expression in curettage independently predicts lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma: a multicentre study. BJOG 2018; 125:1695-1703. [PMID: 29989298 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Correct preoperative identification of high-risk patients is important to optimise surgical treatment and improve survival. We wanted to explore if asparaginase-like protein 1 (ASRGL1) expression in curettage could predict lymph node metastases and poor outcome, potentially improving preoperative risk stratification. DESIGN Multicentre study. SETTING Ten hospitals in Norway, Sweden and Belgium. POPULATION Women diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. METHODS ASRGL1 expression in curettage specimens from 1144 women was determined by immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ASRGL1 status related to disease-specific survival, lymph node status, preoperative imaging parameters and clinicopathological data. RESULTS ASRGL1 expression had independent prognostic value in multivariate survival analyses, both in the whole patient population (hazard ratio (HR) 1.63, 95% CI 1.11-2.37, P = 0.012) and in the low-risk curettage histology subgroup (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.44-4.47, P = 0.001). Lymph node metastases were more frequent in women with low expression of ASRGL1 compared with women with high ASRGL1 levels (23% versus 10%, P < 0.001), and low ASRGL1 level was found to independently predict lymph node metastases (odds ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.27-3.38, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of ASRGL1 in curettage independently predicts lymph node metastases and poor disease-specific survival. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Low ASRGL1 expression in curettage predicts lymph node metastasis and poor survival in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fonnes
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Trovik
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - P-Hd Edqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K E Fasmer
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Marcickiewicz
- Department of Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Halland's Hospital Varberg, Varberg, Sweden
| | - S Tingulstad
- Department of Gynaecology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A C Staff
- Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Bjørge
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - F Amant
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, UZGasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Gynaecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute and Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I S Haldorsen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section for Radiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hmj Werner
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L A Akslen
- Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I L Tangen
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Krakstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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49
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Yan S, Yang L, Lu L, Guo Q, Hu X, Yuan Y, Li Y, Wu M, Zhang J. Improved pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioactive effects of anticancer enzyme delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:951-960. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1505863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Yan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Center for Certification and Evaluation, Chongqing Food and Drug Administration, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyuan Hu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuming Yuan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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50
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Hua J, Shi S, Liang D, Liang C, Meng Q, Zhang B, Ni Q, Xu J, Yu X. Current status and dilemma of second-line treatment in advanced pancreatic cancer: is there a silver lining? Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4591-4608. [PMID: 30122951 PMCID: PMC6084072 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s166405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant diseases worldwide. The majority of patients present with advanced disease and, therefore, need palliative chemotherapy. Some chemotherapeutic regimens have been well established as first-line therapies and have been shown to increase survival; however, almost all patients with advanced pancreatic cancer will experience disease progression after first-line therapy. Nevertheless, many patients who retain good performance status after initial treatment remain good candidates for additional therapy. Historically, few studies have assessed second-line therapy, with most reports representing small phase II trials with variable findings; however, clinical research for second-line treatment has increased in the past decade, and several randomized controlled trials using different regimens have been published. The current literature shows varying results on treatment efficacy and tolerability. Thus, we reviewed the published data on the use of chemotherapy in the second-line setting for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
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