2
|
Aljohani S, Mirghani H. Aggressive Hydration With Ringer's Lactate in the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2021; 13:e14897. [PMID: 34109084 PMCID: PMC8180436 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is a dangerous complication and occurs in a considerable number of patients. However, since well-randomized controlled trials investigating aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate are lacking, this meta-analysis assessed the role of aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate alone or in combination with other therapies in the prevention of PEP. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant articles. The search engine was set to randomize controlled trials and prospective cohorts assessing Ringer's lactate in PEP prevention either alone or in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and stent. The keywords "aggressive hydration," "Ringer's lactate," "post-ERCP pancreatitis," "NSAIDs," "stent placement," and "somatostatin analogs" were used. The search was limited to a study on humans published in English with no limitation to the study period. Two hundred and six articles were retrieved. Only eight articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies showed a reduction of post-ERCP pancreatitis using aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate alone (odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 - 0.40, P-value < 0.001, I2 for heterogeneity = 0%, P-value = 0.61, Chi-square value 1.83, and degrees of freedom (df) 3. In addition, the combination of Ringer's lactate with stents or NSAIDs was superior to Ringer's lactate alone (odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.41 - 0.98, P-value < 0.04, I2 for heterogeneity = 0%, P-value = 0.48, Chi-square value 2.47, and df 3). Aggressive hydration with Ringer's lactate alone was effective in the prevention of PEP with a superior effect when combined with stents and NSAIDs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sperna Weiland CJ, Smeets XJNM, Kievit W, Verdonk RC, Poen AC, Bhalla A, Venneman NG, Witteman BJM, da Costa DW, van Eijck BC, Schwartz MP, Römkens TEH, Vrolijk JM, Hadithi M, Voorburg AMCJ, Baak LC, Thijs WJ, van Wanrooij RL, Tan ACITL, Seerden TCJ, Keulemans YCA, de Wijkerslooth TR, van de Vrie W, van der Schaar P, van Dijk SM, Hallensleben NDL, Sperna Weiland RL, Timmerhuis HC, Umans DS, van Hooft JE, van Goor H, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bruno MJ, Fockens P, Drenth JPH, van Geenen EJM. Aggressive fluid hydration plus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (FLUYT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:350-358. [PMID: 33740415 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Prophylactic rectal administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is considered as standard of care to reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. It has been suggested that aggressive hydration might further reduce this risk. Guidelines already recommend aggressive hydration in patients who are unable to receive rectal NSAIDs, although it is laborious and time consuming. We aimed to evaluate the added value of aggressive hydration in patients receiving prophylactic rectal NSAIDs. METHODS FLUYT, a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial done across 22 Dutch hospitals, included patients aged between 18 and 85 years with moderate to high risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by a web-based module with varying block sizes to a combination of aggressive hydration and rectal NSAIDs (100 mg diclofenac or indomethacin; aggressive hydration group) or rectal NSAIDs (100 mg diclofenac or indomethacin) alone (control group). Randomisation was stratified according to treatment centre. Aggressive hydration comprised 20 mL/kg intravenous Ringer's lactate solution within 60 min from the start of ERCP, followed by 3 mL/kg per h for 8 h. The control group received normal intravenous saline with a maximum of 1·5 mL/kg per h and 3 L per 24 h. The primary endpoint was post-ERCP pancreatitis and was analysed on a modified intention-to-treat basis (including all patients who underwent randomisation and an ERCP and for whom data regarding the primary outcome were available). The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN13659155. FINDINGS Between June 5, 2015, and June 6, 2019, 826 patients were randomly assigned, of whom 388 in the aggressive hydration group and 425 in the control group were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 30 (8%) patients in the aggressive hydration group and in 39 (9%) patients in the control group (relative risk 0·84, 95% CI 0·53-1·33, p=0·53). There were no differences in serious adverse events, including hydration-related complications (relative risk 0·99, 95% CI 0·59-1·64; p=1·00), ERCP-related complications (0·90, 0·62-1·31; p=0·62), intensive care unit admission (0·37, 0·07-1·80; p=0·22), and 30-day mortality (0·95, 0·50-1·83; p=1·00). INTERPRETATION Aggressive periprocedural hydration did not reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with moderate to high risk of developing this complication who routinely received prophylactic rectal NSAIDs. Therefore, the burden of laborious and time-consuming aggressive periprocedural hydration to further reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis is not justified. FUNDING Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development and Radboud University Medical Center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Sperna Weiland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Research and Development, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Xavier J N M Smeets
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Research and Development, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Wietske Kievit
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert C Verdonk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Alexander C Poen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Abha Bhalla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hagaziekenhuis, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Niels G Venneman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ben J M Witteman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands
| | - David W da Costa
- Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Brechje C van Eijck
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs P Schwartz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Tessa E H Römkens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten Vrolijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Muhammed Hadithi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet M C J Voorburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lubbertus C Baak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem J Thijs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roy L van Wanrooij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan C I T L Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom C J Seerden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Yolande C A Keulemans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zuyderland Hospital, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas R de Wijkerslooth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van de Vrie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Schaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Sven M van Dijk
- Department of Research and Development, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nora D L Hallensleben
- Department of Research and Development, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hester C Timmerhuis
- Department of Research and Development, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Devica S Umans
- Department of Research and Development, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeanin E van Hooft
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erwin J M van Geenen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smeets XJNM, da Costa DW, Besselink MG, Bruno MJ, Fockens P, Mulder CJJ, van der Hulst RW, Vleggaar FP, Timmer R, Drenth JPH, van Geenen EJM. Systematic review: periprocedural hydration in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:541-53. [PMID: 27444408 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an overall incidence of 3.5%, pancreatitis is the most frequent complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Periprocedural hydration may prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis by maintaining pancreatic microperfusion, thereby inhibiting the pancreatic inflammatory response. However, the evidence for periprocedural hydration as a preventive measure is unclear. AIM To conduct a systematic review to assess the evidence regarding periprocedural hydration as a preventive measure for post-ERCP pancreatitis. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. We included studies addressing periprocedural hydration as a preventive measure to reduce frequency and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Study quality was assessed by using the MINORS and Cochrane Collaboration's tool. RESULTS Six studies with a total of 1102 patients were included. Two randomised controlled trials reported a decreased incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis after hydration: 0% vs. 17% (P = 0.016) and 5.3% vs. 22.7% (P = 0.002). A third trial and two case-controls studies did not report significant differences. Two retrospective studies found that patients with mild post-ERCP pancreatitis had received significantly more fluids during (mean 940 mL vs. 810 mL; P = 0.031) or after ERCP (median 2834 mL vs. 2044 mL; P < 0.02) compared to patients with moderate/severe disease. Adverse events of periprocedural hydration were not reported in any of the included studies. The different methodologies of the included studies precluded a formal data synthesis. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence to suggest that hydration affords protection against post-ERCP pancreatitis, but study heterogeneity precludes firm conclusions. Adequately powered randomised trials are needed to evaluate the preventive effect of periprocedural hydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X J N M Smeets
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - D W da Costa
- Department of Radiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - M J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - P Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - C J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - R W van der Hulst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - F P Vleggaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Timmer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - E J M van Geenen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|