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Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MFR, Ahmed H, Rahman N, Nainu F, Wahyudin E, Mitra S, Dhama K, Habiballah MM, Haque S, Islam A, Hassan MM. Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891652. [PMID: 35814435 PMCID: PMC9262248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud M Habiballah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Zemanek T, Melichar B, Lovecek M, Soucek P, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B. Biomarkers and pathways of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity for personalized treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 20:113-127. [PMID: 30539680 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is usually diagnosed late when treatment options are limited and is considered a chemo-resistant malignancy. However, early stage, good performance status and specific patient subgroup are thought to have a more favorable prognosis. Search for novel molecular biomarkers, which could predict treatment resistance, represents a major opportunity, but also a challenge in further research. This review summarizes most aspects of individualized therapy of pancreatic cancer including promising biomarkers, BRCA-deficient pancreatic cancer and its etiology. It may be estimated that nearly a third of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients could benefit from treatment other than gold standard chemotherapy. Thus, other aspects of an individualized approach concerning the main factors for the choice of the best therapy for individual pancreatic cancer patient (surgery and chemotherapy), as well as the future directions (target therapy and immunotherapy), are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Zemanek
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular & Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lovecek
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular & Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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