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Zhang Y, Wang M, Ji C, Chen Z, Yang H, Wang L, Yu Y, Qiao N, Ma Z, Ye Z, Shao X, Liu W, Wang Y, Gong W, Melnikov V, Hu L, Lee EJ, Ye H, Wang Y, Li Y, He M, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Treatment of acromegaly by rosiglitazone via upregulating 15-PGDH in both pituitary adenoma and liver. iScience 2021; 24:102983. [PMID: 34485865 PMCID: PMC8403734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to reduce growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in 10 patients with acromegaly. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we reveal that PPARγ directly enhances 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) expression, whose expression is decreased and negatively correlates with tumor size in acromegaly. Rosiglitazone decreases GH production and promotes apoptosis and autophagy in GH3 and primary somatotroph adenoma cells and suppresses hepatic GH receptor (GHR) expression and IGF-1 secretion in HepG2 cells. Activating the PGE2/cAMP/PKA pathway directly increases GHR expression. Rosiglitazone suppresses tumor growth and decreases GH and IGF-1 levels in mice inoculated subcutaneously with GH3 cells. The above effects are all dependent on 15-PGDH expression. Rosiglitazone as monotherapy effectively decreases GH and IGF-1 levels in all nineteen patients with active acromegaly. Evidence suggests that rosiglitazone may be an alternative pharmacological approach for acromegaly by targeting both pituitary adenomas and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chenxing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhengyuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Nidan Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zengyi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | | | - Lydia Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Shanghai Pituitary Tumor Center, Shanghai 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Park JM, Han YM, Park YJ, Hahm KB. Dietary intake of walnut prevented <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-associated gastric cancer through rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-103
expr 895872307 + 836645000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University
- Medpactor Research Institute, Medpacto
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Park JM, Han YM, Park YJ, Hahm KB. Dietary intake of walnut prevented Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer through rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:37-50. [PMID: 33536711 PMCID: PMC7844657 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that Fat-1 transgenic mice producing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via overexpressed 3-desaturase significantly mitigated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric tumorigenesis through rejuvenation of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) led us to study whether dietary intake of walnut plentiful of n-3 PUFAs can be nutritional intervention to prevent H. pylori-associated gastric cancer. In our model that H. pylori-initiated, high salt diet-promoted gastric carcinogenesis, pellet diet containing 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg walnut was administered up to 36 weeks. As results, control mice (24 weeks) developed significant chronic CAG, in which dietary walnuts significantly ameliorated chronic atrophic gastritis. Expressions of COX-2/PGE2/NF-κB/c-Jun, elevated in 24 weeks control group, were all significantly decreased with walnut (p<0.01). Tumor suppressive enzyme, 15-PGDH, was significantly preserved with walnut. Control mice (36 weeks) all developed significant tumors accompanied with severe CAG. However, significantly decreased tumorigenesis was noted in group treated with walnuts, in which expressions of COX-2/PGE2/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3, all elevated in 36 weeks control group, were significantly decreased with walnut. Defensive proteins including HO-1, Nrf2, and SOCS-1 were significantly increased in walnut group. Proliferative index as marked with Ki-67 and PCNA was significantly regulated with walnut relevant to 15-PGDH preservation. Conclusively, walnut can be an anticipating nutritional intervention against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Park
- GI Medics, Kwanglim Bldg 5F, Daelim-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 08513, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, 330 Pangyo-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam13497, Korea.,Medpactor Research Institute, Medpacto, Myungdal-ro 92, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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The prostanoid pathway contains potential prognostic markers for glioblastoma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 137:52-62. [PMID: 29966699 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostanoids derived from the activity of cyclooxygenases and their respective synthases contribute to both active inflammation and immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Their synthesis, deactivation and role in glioma biology have not yet been fully explored and require further study. Using quantitative real time PCR, gas chromatography/ electron impact mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we have further characterized the prostanoid pathway in grade IV glioblastoma (GBM). We observed significant correlations between high mRNA expression levels and poor patient survival for microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES1) and prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1). Conversely, high mRNA expression levels for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-HPGD) were correlated with better patient survival. GBMs had a higher quantity of the prostanoid precursor, arachidonic acid, versus grade II/III tumors and in GBMs a significant positive correlation was found between arachidonic acid and PGE2 content. GBMs also had higher concentrations of TXB2, PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2α versus grade II/III tumors. A significant decrease in survival was detected for high versus low PGE2, PGE2 + PGE2 deactivation products (PGEMs) and PGF2α in GBM patients. Our data show the potential importance of prostanoid metabolism in the progression towards GBM and provide evidence that higher PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations in the tumor are correlated with poorer patient survival. Our findings highlight the potential importance of the enzymes 15-HPGD and PTGR1 as prognostic biomarkers which could be used to predict survival outcome of patients with GBM.
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Zhao J, Wen S, Wang X, Zhang Z. Helicobacter pylori modulates cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5519-5525. [PMID: 29113180 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori may contribute to the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer through modulating local prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) are two key enzymes that regulate PGE2 synthesis and inactivation, respectively. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of COX-2 and 15-PGDH in gastric cancer specimens (n=66) in comparison to that of control specimens (n=70) and, furthermore, to semi-quantitatively assess the level of COX-2 and 15-PGDH mRNA and protein in tissues with or without H. pylori infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. It was revealed that COX-2 was expressed in almost all gastric cancer specimens infected with H. pylori (32 out of 33 specimens), but it was also expressed in 2/3 gastric cancers without H. pylori infection (22 out of 33 specimens). By contrast, COX-2 was expressed in <1/6 control subjects regardless of H. pylori infection. Furthermore, 15-PGDH was expressed in control samples but significantly downregulated in gastric cancer specimens. H. pylori infection resulted in slight inhibition of 15-PGDH in control subjects, but significant inhibition of 15-PGDH mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the gastric cancer specimens. These findings indicated that COX-2 and 15-PGDH, the two enzymes that regulate PGE2 levels, were significantly altered in gastric cancer, and that H. pylori may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis through modulating COX-2 and 15-PGDH mRNA expression and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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Schmidt A, Sinnett-Smith J, Young S, Chang HH, Hines OJ, Dawson DW, Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Direct growth-inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro through an EP4/PKA-mediated mechanism. Surgery 2017; 161:1570-1578. [PMID: 28222855 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence linking inflammation and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-2-derived PGE2 are overexpressed in human and murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Several studies have demonstrated an important role of COX-2-derived PGE2 in tumor-stroma interactions; however, the direct growth effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells is less well defined. Our aim was to investigate the effects of PGE2 on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell growth and to characterize the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2, were treated with PGE2 in varying doses (0-10 μM). Effects on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were evaluated by Western blot. Colony formation was observed for cells treated with PGE2 for 11 days. DNA synthesis was determined by (3H)-thymidine incorporation assay. Gene expression of E-type prostaglandin (EP)2/EP4 receptors and their correlation with survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were assessed using the RNA-Seq data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. RESULTS PGE2 decreased the size and number of colonies in Panc-1 but not MIA PaCa-2 cells. In the Panc-1 cells, PGE2 activated PKA/CREB and decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was reversed by an EP4 receptor antagonist, while an EP2 receptor antagonist had no effect. In contrast, in MIA PaCa-2 cells, PGE2 had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Treatment of both Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells with forskolin/IBMX decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Finally, PGE2 decreased DNA synthesis only in Panc-1 cells, which was reversed by an EP4 receptor antagonist. In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high EP2 and low EP4 gene expression was correlated to worse median overall survival (15.6 vs 20.8 months, log-rank P = .017). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that PGE2 can inhibit directly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell growth through an EP4-mediated mechanism. Together with our gene expression and survival analysis, this observation suggests a protective role of EP4 receptors in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that expresses E-type prostaglandin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James Sinnett-Smith
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - O Joe Hines
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
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Mehdawi LM, Prasad CP, Ehrnström R, Andersson T, Sjölander A. Non-canonical WNT5A signaling up-regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor 15-PGDH and induces differentiation of colon cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1415-1429. [PMID: 27522468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is the key enzyme in prostaglandin E2 catabolism and is down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. Canonical Wnt signaling is frequently elevated in colon cancers and has been shown to down-regulate 15-PGDH expression. Therefore, we have in the current study investigated if the non-canonical ligand WNT5A relates to increased expression of 15-PGDH in colon cancer cells. In the same cohort of patients, we demonstrated a parallel and significant loss of 15-PGDH and WNT5A protein expression in CRC tissues compared with matched normal colon tissues. Furthermore, patients with low 15-PGDH/WNT5A expression in their tumors showed reduced survival compared with patients with high 15-PGDH/WNT5A expression. To investigate if WNT5A signaling directly affects 15-PGDH expression, we performed in vitro analyses of colon cancer cells (HT-29 and Caco-2). Both cell lines, when treated with recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) or Foxy-5, a WNT5A-mimicking peptide, responded by increasing their expression of 15-PGDH mRNA and protein. Our investigations showed that rWNT5A and Foxy-5 induced this increased expression of 15-PGDH through reduced β-catenin signaling as well as increased JNK/AP-1 signaling in colon cancer cells. WNT5A signaling also induced increased 15-PGDH expression in a breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement, WNT5A signaling also increased the expression of the differentiation markers sucrose-isomaltase and mucin-2 in colon cancer cells. Our results show that WNT5A signaling regulates 15-PGDH expression, thus uncovering a novel mechanism by which WNT5A acts as a tumor suppressor and suggests that increased 15-PGDH expression could be used as an indicator of a positive response to Foxy-5 in patients treated with this WNT5A agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna M Mehdawi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Cell and Experimental Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Cell and Experimental Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Roy Ehrnström
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Cell and Experimental Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anita Sjölander
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Cell and Experimental Pathology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
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Inhibition of Prostaglandin Reductase 2, a Putative Oncogene Overexpressed in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Death Involving xCT and CTH Gene Expressions through 15-Keto-PGE2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147390. [PMID: 26820738 PMCID: PMC4731085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin reductase 2 (PTGR2) is the enzyme that catalyzes 15-keto-PGE2, an endogenous PPARγ ligand, into 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. Previously, we have reported a novel oncogenic role of PTGR2 in gastric cancer, where PTGR2 was discovered to modulate ROS-mediated cell death and tumor transformation. In the present study, we demonstrated the oncogenic potency of PTGR2 in pancreatic cancer. First, we observed that the majority of the human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues was stained positive for PTGR2 expression but not in the adjacent normal parts. In vitro analyses showed that silencing of PTGR2 expression enhanced ROS production, suppressed pancreatic cell proliferation, and promoted cell death through increasing 15-keto-PGE2. Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. The oxidative stress-mediated cell death after silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 was further abolished after restoring intracellular GSH concentrations and cysteine supply by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 2-Mercaptomethanol. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PTGR2/15-keto-PGE2 for pancreatic cancer.
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Kim HR, Lee HN, Lim K, Surh YJ, Na HK. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase through Elk-1 activation in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Mutat Res 2014; 768:6-15. [PMID: 25773924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to be implicated in carcinogenesis. The intracellular level of PGE2 is maintained not only by its biosynthesis, but also by inactivation/degradation. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oncogenic PGE2 to a biologically inactive keto metabolite. In the present study, we demonstrate that 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15 d-PGJ2), one of the terminal products of cyclooxygenase-2, updregulates the expression and the activity of 15-PGDH in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. By using deletion constructs of the 15-PGDH promoter, we have found that E-twenty six (Ets) is the most essential determinant for 15-PGDH induction. 15 d-PGJ2 induced phosphorylation of Elk-1, one of Ets transcription factor family members, in the nucleus. Knockdown of Elk-1 abolished the ability of 15 d-PGJ2 to upregulate 15-PGDH expression. Furthermore, 15 d-PGJ2-mediated activation of Elk-1 was found to be dependent on activation of extracellular-signal related kinase (ERK) 1/2. Treatment of U0126, a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK1/2-ERK, abolished phosphorylation and DNA binding of Elk-1 as well as 15-PGDH induction in 15 d-PGJ2-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, 15 d-PGJ2 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to the expression of 15-PGDH as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Elk-1. 15 d-PGJ2 inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, which was attenuated by transient transfection with 15-PGDH siRNA. Taken together, these findings suggest that 15 d-PGJ2 induces the expression of 15-PGDH through ROS-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and subsequently Elk-1 in the MDA-MB-231 cells, which may contribute to tumor suppressive activity of this cyclopentenone prostaglandin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-732, South Korea.
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Bruner-Tran KL, Ding T, Yeoman KB, Archibong A, Arosh JA, Osteen KG. Developmental exposure of mice to dioxin promotes transgenerational testicular inflammation and an increased risk of preterm birth in unexposed mating partners. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105084. [PMID: 25127480 PMCID: PMC4134254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, commonly known as dioxin) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and known endocrine disruptor. Using a mouse model, we previously found that adult female mice exposed in utero to TCDD (F1 generation) as well as multiple subsequent generations (F2-F4) exhibited reduced fertility and an increased incidence of spontaneous preterm birth. Additional studies revealed that male F1 mice with a similar in utero/developmental TCDD exposure also exhibited diminished fertility and conferred an increased risk of preterm birth to their unexposed mating partners. Herein, we extend these previous observations, reporting that reduced fertility in male F1 mice is linked to testicular inflammation which coincides with apoptosis of developing spermatocytes, sub-fertility and an increased risk of preterm birth in their unexposed mating partners. Significantly, in the absence of additional toxicant exposure, testicular inflammation and reduced fertility persisted in F2 and F3 males and their control mating partners also frequently exhibited spontaneous preterm birth. Although a steady, global decline in male fertility has been noted over the last few decades, the reasons for these changes have not been firmly established. Likewise, the PTB rate in the U.S. and other countries has paralleled industrial development, suggesting a possible relationship between environmental toxicant exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Most current clinical strategies to prevent preterm birth are focused solely on the mother and have yielded limited benefits. In contrast, our studies strongly suggest that the preconception testicular health of the father is a critical determinant of pregnancy outcomes in mice. Future clinical studies should examine the potential contribution of the male to gestation length in women and whether efforts to reduce the incidence of preterm birth should be initiated in both parents prior to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylon L. Bruner-Tran
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KLB-T); (KGO)
| | - Tianbing Ding
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kallie B. Yeoman
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Anthony Archibong
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joe A. Arosh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Osteen
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KLB-T); (KGO)
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11
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Li Y, Li S, Sun D, Song L, Liu X. Expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in non-small cell lung cancer: Correlations with angiogenesis and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1589-1594. [PMID: 25202373 PMCID: PMC4156203 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in angiogenesis and their association with the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using immunohistochemical staining, the expression of 15-PGDH and COX-2, and the microvessel density (MVD) levels were evaluated in 35 NSCLC specimens. Paracancerous normal lung tissue was collected as control samples from six patients. The correlation of 15-PGDH with COX-2, clinicopathological characteristics, MVD and overall survival (OS) was studied. NSCLC tissues showed a significantly lower expression level of 15-PGDH (P=0.009) and a significantly higher expression level of COX-2 (P=0.004) compared with normal lung tissue. The expression level of 15-PGDH was negatively correlated with MVD (P<0.001) and COX-2 expression (P=0.032). A low expression level of 15-PGDH, a high expression level of COX-2 and high levels of MVD were significantly correlated with a shorter OS time (15-PGDH, P<0.0001; COX-2, P=0.038; MVD, P<0.0001). This study provided clinical evidence that a low expression level of 15-PGDH is associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC. Furthermore, it was shown that 15-PGDH and COX-2 reciprocally regulate cancer angiogenesis, which may affect the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Suli Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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12
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Abstract
The PGE2 pathway is important in inflammation-driven diseases and specific targeting of the inducible mPGES-1 is warranted due to the cardiovascular problems associated with the long-term use of COX-2 inhibitors. This review focuses on patents issued on methods of measuring mPGES-1 activity, on drugs targeting mPGES-1 and on other modulators of free extracellular PGE2 concentration. Perspectives and conclusions regarding the status of these drugs are also presented. Importantly, no selective inhibitors targeting mPGES-1 have been identified and, despite the high number of published patents, none of these drugs have yet made it to clinical trials.
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13
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Yang JE, Park E, Lee HJ, Kang HJ, Kim KM, Yu E, Lee D, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Role of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase down-regulation on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol 2014; 20:28-37. [PMID: 24757656 PMCID: PMC3992327 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2014.20.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the modulation of cell growth is well established in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the significance of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) down-regulation on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods The expression of 15-PGDH in HCC cell lines and resected HCC tissues was investigated, and the correlation between 15-PGDH expression and HCC cell-line proliferation and patient survival was explored. Results The interleukin-1-β-induced suppression of 15-PGDH did not change the proliferation of PLC and Huh-7 cells in the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The induction of 15-PGDH by transfection in HepG2 cells without baseline 15-PGDH expression was suppressed at day 2 of proliferation compared with empty-vector transfection, but there was no difference at day 3. Among the 153 patients who received curative HCC resection between 2003 and 2004 at our institution, 15-PGDH expression was observed in resected HCC tissues in 56 (36.6%), but the 5-year survival rate did not differ from that of the remaining 97 non-15-PGDH-expressing patients (57.1% vs 59.8%; P=0.93). Among 50 patients who exhibited baseline 15-PGDH expression in adjacent nontumor liver tissues, 28 (56%) exhibited a reduction in 15-PGDH expression score in HCC tissues, and there was a trend toward fewer long-term survivors compared with the remaining 22 with the same or increment in their 15-PGDH expression score in HCC tissues. Conclusions The prognostic significance of 15-PGDH down-regulation in HCC was not established in this study. However, maintenance of 15-PGDH expression could be a potential therapeutic target for a subgroup of HCC patients with baseline 15-PGDH expression in adjacent nontumor liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Gomez I, Benyahia C, Louedec L, Leséche G, Jacob MP, Longrois D, Norel X. Decreased PGE₂ content reduces MMP-1 activity and consequently increases collagen density in human varicose vein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88021. [PMID: 24505358 PMCID: PMC3914898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Varicose veins are elongated and dilated saphenous veins. Despite the high prevalence of this disease, its pathogenesis remains unclear. AIMS In this study, we investigated the control of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression by prostaglandin (PG)E₂ during the vascular wall remodeling of human varicose veins. METHODS AND RESULTS Varicose (small (SDv) and large diameter (LDv)) and healthy saphenous veins (SV) were obtained after surgery. Microsomal and cytosolic PGE-synthases (mPGES and cPGES) protein and mRNA responsible for PGE₂ metabolism were analyzed in all veins. cPGES protein was absent while its mRNA was weakly expressed. mPGES-2 expression was similar in the different saphenous veins. mPGES-1 mRNA and protein were detected in healthy veins and a significant decrease was found in LDv. Additionally, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), responsible for PGE₂ degradation, was over-expressed in varicose veins. These variations in mPGES-1 and 15-PGDH density account for the decreased PGE₂ level observed in varicose veins. Furthermore, a significant decrease in PGE₂ receptor (EP4) levels was also found in SDv and LDv. Active MMP-1 and total MMP-2 concentrations were significantly decreased in varicose veins while the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP -1 and -2), were significantly increased, probably explaining the increased collagen content found in LDv. Finally, the MMP/TIMP ratio is restored by exogenous PGE₂ in varicose veins and reduced in presence of an EP4 receptor antagonist in healthy veins. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PGE₂ could be responsible for the vascular wall thickening in human varicose veins. This mechanism could be protective, strengthening the vascular wall in order to counteract venous stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Chabha Benyahia
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Leséche
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | | | - Dan Longrois
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Pham H, Rodriguez CE, Donald GW, Hertzer KM, Jung XS, Chang HH, Moro A, Reber HA, Hines OJ, Eibl G. miR-143 decreases COX-2 mRNA stability and expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:6-11. [PMID: 23973710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNA), inhibit the translation or accelerate the degradation of message RNA (mRNA) by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in regulating growth and survival through gene suppression. Deregulated miRNA expression contributes to disease progression in several cancers types, including pancreatic cancers (PaCa). PaCa tissues and cells exhibit decreased miRNA, elevated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) resulting in increased cancer growth and metastases. Human PaCa cell lines were used to demonstrate that restoration of miRNA-143 (miR-143) regulates COX-2 and inhibits cell proliferation. miR-143 were detected at fold levels of 0.41 ± 0.06 in AsPC-1, 0.20 ± 0.05 in Capan-2 and 0.10 ± 0.02 in MIA PaCa-2. miR-143 was not detected in BxPC-3, HPAF-II and Panc-1 which correlated with elevated mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase (MEK) activation. Treatment with 10 μM of MEK inhibitor U0126 or PD98059 increased miR-143, respectively, by 187 ± 18 and 152 ± 26-fold in BxPC-3 and 182 ± 7 and 136 ± 9-fold in HPAF-II. miR-143 transfection diminished COX-2 mRNA stability at 60 min by 2.6 ± 0.3-fold in BxPC-3 and 2.5 ± 0.2-fold in HPAF-II. COX-2 expression and cellular proliferation in BxPC-3 and HPAF-II inversely correlated with increasing miR-143. PGE2 levels decreased by 39.3 ± 5.0% in BxPC-3 and 48.0 ± 3.0% in HPAF-II transfected with miR-143. Restoration of miR-143 in PaCa cells suppressed of COX-2, PGE2, cellular proliferation and MEK/MAPK activation, implicating this pathway in regulating miR-143 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Pham
- Department of Surgery, UCLA Center of Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affair Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States
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16
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Snyder NW, Revello SD, Liu X, Zhang S, Blair IA. Cellular uptake and antiproliferative effects of 11-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3070-7. [PMID: 23945567 PMCID: PMC3793611 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COX) metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), which can then be oxidized by dehydrogenases, such as 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), to oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids (ETE). We have previously established that 11-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (oxo-ETE) and 15-oxo-ETE are COX-2/15-PGDH-derived metabolites. Stable isotope dilution (SID) chiral liquid chromatography coupled with electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ECAPCI) single reaction monitoring (SRM) MS has been used to quantify uptake of 11-oxo-ETE and 15-oxo-ETE in both LoVo cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Intracellular 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE concentrations reached maximum levels within 1 h and declined rapidly, with significant quantitative differences in uptake between the LoVo cells and the HUVECs. Maximal intracellular concentrations of 11-oxo-ETE were 0.02 ng/4 × 105 cells in the LoVo cells and 0.58 ng/4 × 105 cells in the HUVECs. Conversely, maximal levels of 15-oxo-ETE were 0.21 ng/4 × 105 in the LoVo cells and 0.01 ng/4 × 105 in the HUVECs. The methyl esters of both 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE increased the intracellular concentrations of the corresponding free oxo-ETEs by 3- to 8-fold. 11-oxo-ETE, 15-oxo-ETE, and their methyl esters inhibited proliferation in both HUVECs and LoVo cells at concentrations of 2–10 μM, with 11-oxo-ETE methyl ester being the most potent inhibitor. Cotreatment with probenecid, an inhibitor of multiple drug resistance transporters (MRP)1 and 4, increased the antiproliferative effect of 11-oxo-ETE methyl ester in LoVo cells and increased the intracellular concentration of 11-oxo-ETE from 0.05 ng/4 × 105 cells to 0.18 ng/4 × 105 cells. Therefore, this study has established that the COX-2/15-PGDH-derived eicosanoids 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE enter target cells, that they inhibit cellular proliferation, and that their inhibitory effects are modulated by MRP exporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Snyder
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Gomez I, Foudi N, Longrois D, Norel X. The role of prostaglandin E2 in human vascular inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:55-63. [PMID: 23756023 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are the product of a cascade of enzymes such as cyclooxygenases and PG synthases. Among PG, PGE2 is produced by 3 isoforms of PGE synthase (PGES) and through activation of its cognate receptors (EP1-4), this PG is involved in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Some anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) interfere with its metabolism or effects. Vascular cells can initiate many of the responses associated with inflammation. In human vascular tissue, PGE2 is involved in many physiological processes, such as increasing vascular permeability, cell proliferation, cell migration and control of vascular smooth muscle tone. PGE2 has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm but also in physiologic/adaptive processes such as angiogenesis. Understanding the roles of PGE2 and its cognate receptors in vascular diseases could help to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In addition, from these recent studies new promising therapeutic approaches like mPGES-1 inhibition and/or EP4-antagonism should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gomez
- INSERM, U698, Paris F-75018, France; University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris F-75018, France
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18
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Ryu YM, Myung SJ, Park YS, Yang DH, Song HJ, Jeong JY, Lee SM, Song M, Kim DH, Lee HJ, Park SK, Fink SP, Markowitz SD, Jung KW, Kim KJ, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Jung HY, Yang SK, Kim JH. Inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase by Helicobacter pylori in human gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:349-59. [PMID: 23430757 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces a chronic inflammatory response, which promotes gastric carcinogenesis. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) plays a key role as a tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of 15-PGDH in gastric carcinogenesis associated with H. pylori. 15-PGDH expression in gastric biopsies from H. pylori-infected (n = 25) and noninfected (n = 15) subjects was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. 15-PGDH DNA methylation was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing. The expression of 15-PGDH, Snail, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, TLR4, and MyD88 in response to H. pylori infection was assessed by immunoblot analysis. Compared with negative specimens, H. pylori-positive specimens had 2-fold lower 15-PGDH mRNA levels and significantly less 15-PGDH protein. In four H. pylori-infected subjects with longitudinal follow-up, the suppression of 15-PGDH expression was reversed by H. pylori eradication therapy. In parallel with suppressing 15-PGDH expression, H. pylori infection activated expression of TLR4 and MyD88 expression, increased levels of phospho-ERK1/2, and increased expression of EGF receptor (EGFR)-Snail. Inhibition of Snail and MyD88 reversed suppression of 15-PGDH expression, and siMyD88 reduced phosphorylated ERK1/2. Similarly, treatment with an ERK1/2 and EGFR inhibitor also restored 15-PGDH expression. H. pylori appeared to promote gastric carcinogenesis by suppressing 15-PGDH. This process is mediated by the TLR4/MyD88 pathway via ERK1/2 or EGFR-Snail transcriptional regulation. 15-PGDH may be a useful marker and a potential therapeutic target in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Mascariñas E, Eibl G, Grippo PJ. Evaluating dietary compounds in pancreatic cancer modeling systems. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 980:225-248. [PMID: 23359157 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-287-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the establishment of outstanding rodent models of pancreatic neoplasia and cancer, there are now systems available for evaluating the role diet, dietary supplements, and/or therapeutic compounds (which can be delivered in the diet) play in disease suppression. Several outstanding reports, which demonstrate clear inhibition or regression of pancreatic tumors following dietary manipulations, represent a noticeable advancement in the field by allowing for the contribution of diet and natural and synthetic compounds to be identified. The real goal is to provide support for translational components that will provide true chemoprevention to individuals at higher risk for developing pancreatic cancer. In addition, administration of molecules with proven efficacy in an in vivo system will screen likely candidates for future clinical trials. Despite this growing enthusiasm, it is important to note that the mere one-to-one translation of findings in rodent models to clinical outcomes is highly unlikely. Thus, careful consideration must be made to correlate findings in rodents with those in human cells with full disclosure of the subtle but often critical differences between animal models and humans. Additional concern should also be placed on the approaches employed to establish dietary components with real potential in the clinic. This chapter is focused on procedures that provide a systematic design for evaluating dietary compounds in cell culture and animal models to highlight which ones might have the greatest potential in people. The general format for this text is a stepwise use of fairly well-known approaches covered briefly but annotated with certain considerations for dietary studies. These methods include administration of a compound or a diet, measuring the cellular and molecular effects (histology, proliferation, apoptosis, RNA and protein expression, and signaling pathways), measuring the level of certain metabolites, and assessing the stability of active compounds. Though this chapter is divided into in vitro and in vivo sections, it is not an implication as to the order of experiments but an endorsement for utilizing human cells to complement work in a rodent modeling system. The notion that cell culture can provide the basis for further in vivo work is an attractive starting point, though the lack of a response in a single cell type should not necessarily prevent diet studies in rodents. The advantage of cell culture over animal models is the human origin of these cells and the ease and directness of manipulating a single cell type (particularly when exploring mechanism of action in that cell). Of course, the full effect of a diet, diet supplement, or therapeutic can only be wholly appreciated in an intact living organism with similar anatomical and physiological relevance. Thus, both approaches are considered in this chapter as each can provide unique strengths to determining the effectiveness of various dietary compounds or supplements on pancreatic neoplasia and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emman Mascariñas
- Department of Surgery, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Abstract
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is a key prostaglandin catabolic enzyme catalyzing the oxidation and inactivation of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesized from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Accumulating evidence indicates that 15-PGDH may function as a tumor suppressor antagonizing the action of COX-2 oncogene. 15-PGDH has been found to be down-regulated contributing to elevated levels of PGE(2) in most tumors. The expression of 15-PGDH and COX-2 appears to be regulated reciprocally in cancer cells. Down-regulation of 15-PGDH in tumors is due, in part, to transcriptional repression and epigenetic silencing. Numerous agents have been found to up-regulate 15-PGDH by down-regulation of transcriptional repressors and by attenuation of the turnover of the enzyme. Up-regulation of 15-PGDH may provide a viable approach to cancer chemoprevention. Further catabolism of 15-keto-prostaglandin E(2) is catalyzed by 15-keto-prostaglandin-∆(13)-reductase (13-PGR), which also exhibits LTB(4)-12-hydroxydehydrogenase (LTB(4)-12-DH) activity. 13-PGR/LTB(4)-12-DH behaves as a tumor suppressor as well. This review summarizes current knowledge of the expression and function of 15-PGDH and 13-PGR/LTB(4)-12-DH in lung and other tissues during tumor progression. Future directions of research on these prostaglandin catabolic enzymes as tumor suppressors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsiung Tai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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21
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Liu X, Zhang S, Arora JS, Snyder NW, Shah SJ, Blair IA. 11-Oxoeicosatetraenoic acid is a cyclooxygenase-2/15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-derived antiproliferative eicosanoid. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:2227-36. [PMID: 21916491 PMCID: PMC3242474 DOI: 10.1021/tx200336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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Previously, we established that 11(R)-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-(Z,Z,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) was a significant cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite in epithelial cells. Stable isotope dilution chiral liquid chromatography (LC)-electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ECAPCI)/mass spectrometry (MS) was used to quantify COX-2-derived eicosanoids in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (LoVo) epithelial cell line, which expresses both COX-2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). 11(R)-HETE secretion reached peak concentrations within minutes after AA addition before rapidly diminishing, suggesting further metabolism had occurred. Surprisingly, recombinant 15-PGDH, which is normally specific for oxidation of eicosanoid 15(S)-hydroxyl groups, was found to convert 11(R)-HETE to 11-oxo-5,8,12,14-(Z,Z,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (ETE). Furthermore, LoVo cell lysates converted 11(R)-HETE to 11-oxo-ETE and inhibition of 15-PGDH with 5-[[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]azo]-2-hydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (CAY10397) (50 μM) significantly suppressed endogenous 11-oxo-ETE production with a corresponding increase in 11(R)-HETE. These data confirmed COX-2 and 15-PGDH as enzymes responsible for 11-oxo-ETE biosynthesis. Finally, addition of AA to the LoVo cells resulted in rapid secretion of 11-oxo-ETE into the media, reaching peak levels within 20 min of starting the incubation. This was followed by a sharp decrease in 11-oxo-ETE levels. Glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) was found to metabolize 11-oxo-ETE to the 11-oxo-ETE-GSH (OEG)-adduct in LoVo cells, as confirmed by LC–MS/MS analysis. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-based cell proliferation assays in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 11-oxo-ETE for inhibition of HUVEC proliferation was 2.1 μM. These results show that 11-oxo-ETE is a novel COX-2/15-PGDH-derived eicosanoid, which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation with a potency that is similar to that observed for 15d-PGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
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22
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Na HK, Park JM, Lee HG, Lee HN, Myung SJ, Surh YJ. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase as a novel molecular target for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1352-60. [PMID: 21856294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in arachidonic acid cascade, plays a key role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) upon inflammatory insults. Overproduction of PGE(2) stimulates proliferation of various cancer cells, confers resistance to apoptosis of cancerous or transformed cells, and accelerates metastasis and angiogenesis. Excess PGE(2) undergoes metabolic inactivation which is catalyzed by NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). In this context, 15-PGDH has been speculated as a physiological antagonist of COX-2 and a tumor suppressor. Thus, overexpression of 15-PGDH has been known to protect against experimentally induced carcinogenesis and renders the cancerous or transformed cells susceptible to apoptosis by counteracting oncogenic action of PGE(2). In contrast, silence of 15-PGDH is observed in some cancer cells, which is associated with epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, in the promoter region of 15-PGDH. A variety of compounds capable of inducing the expression of 15-PGDH have been reported, which include the histone deacetylase inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. Therefore, 15-PGDH may be considered as a novel molecular target for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. This review highlights the role of 15-PGDH in carcinogenesis and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, 147 Mia-dong, Kangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-100, South Korea
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Park EK, Jeon EH, Kim IH, Park SY. Recovery of Genes Epigenetically Altered by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Scriptaid and Demethylating Agent 5-Azacytidine in Human Leukemia Cells. Genomics Inform 2010. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2010.8.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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