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Shen R, Yang D, Zhang L, Yu Q, Ma X, Ma G, Guo Z, Chen C. Preparation of Complementary Food for Infants and Young Children with Beef Liver: Process Optimization and Storage Quality. Foods 2023; 12:2689. [PMID: 37509781 PMCID: PMC10379101 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, fuzzy mathematics and response surface modeling were applied to optimize the preparation process of beef liver paste and characterize the proximate composition, sensory and physicochemical qualities, and in vitro simulated digestive properties while refrigerated at 0-4 °C (0, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days). The results showed that the optimal preparation process was 4.8% potato starch, 99.4% water, 10.2% olive oil, and a 3:2 ratio of chicken breast and beef liver. The beef liver paste prepared contained essential amino acids for infants and children, with a protein content of 10.29 g/100 g. During storage, the pH of the beef liver paste decreased significantly (p < 0.05) on day 7, texture and rheological properties decreased significantly after 30 days, a* values increased, L* and b* values gradually decreased, and TVB-N and TBARS values increased significantly (p < 0.05) on day 7 but were below the limit values during the storage period (TVB-N value ≤ 15 mg/100 g, TBARS value ≤ 1 mg/Kg). In vitro simulated digestion tests showed better digestibility and digestive characteristics in the first 15 days. The results of this study provide a reference for the development of beef liver products for infant and child supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheng Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guoyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Xing B, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Teng C, Zou L, Liu R, Zhang L, Yang X, Ren G, Qin P. The gluten structure, starch digestibility and quality properties of pasta supplemented with native or germinated quinoa flour. Food Chem 2023; 399:133976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Gao X, Yu B, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Zheng P, Yan H, He J, Chen D. Developmental Profiling of Dietary Carbohydrate Digestion in Piglets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896660. [PMID: 35572714 PMCID: PMC9100932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in the diet, accounting for the largest proportion in the diets of humans and monogastric animals. Although recent progress has been made in the study of intestinal carbohydrate digestion in piglets, there is a lack of comprehensive study on the dynamic changes in intestinal carbohydrate digestion with age in the early growth stage of piglets. To fill in this gap of knowledge, we collected samples of the small intestine, pancreatic tissues, and colonic digesta from 42 piglets during newborn [day (d) 0], lactation (d 7, 14), weaning (d 21), and nursery (d 28, 35, and 42) stages. Intestinal and pancreatic tissues and colonic digesta were collected at necropsy and analyzed for morphology, digestive enzyme activities, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and microbial abundance. Villus height reached a maximum at 1 week (d 7) in the duodenum and jejunum (P <0.01), and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth and lactase activity were observed on d 0 and 7 (P < 0.001) compared to other ages. However, the sucrase and maltase activities were increased with piglets' age. Similar activities of sucrase and maltase were found in the small intestine. In addition, amylase, lipase, and protease activities were assayed in the pancreas. The activity of amylase increased with age, while lipase and protease decreased gradually from birth to weaning (d 21, 28) and then increased after weaning (d 35, 42). Compared with d 0, d 42 increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes with a higher concentration of total SCFA (P < 0.001) and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria, but weaning (d 21, 28) increased the abundance of Proteobacteria in the colon. These results indicate that with the increase in piglet age, the carbohydrate digestive function gradually increased, but weaning hindered the development of intestinal function. These results provide us with new insights into the healthy development of piglets' intestines, which may help us to better regulate the physiological health of piglets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
A low-glycaemic diet is crucial for those with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Information on the glycaemic index (GI) of different ingredients can help in designing novel food products for such target groups. This is because of the intricate dependency of material source, composition, food structure and processing conditions, among other factors, on the glycaemic responses. Different approaches have been used to predict the GI of foods, and certain discrepancies exist because of factors such as inter-individual variation among human subjects. Besides other aspects, it is important to understand the mechanism of food digestion because an approach to predict GI must essentially mimic the complex processes in the human gastrointestinal tract. The focus of this work is to review the advances in various approaches for predicting the glycaemic responses to foods. This has been carried out by detailing conventional approaches, their merits and limitations, and the need to focus on emerging approaches. Given that no single approach can be generalised to all applications, the review emphasises the scope of deriving insights for improvements in methodologies. Reviewing the conventional and emerging approaches for the determination of GI in foods, this detailed work is intended to serve as a state-of-the-art resource for nutritionists who work on developing low-GI foods.
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Pados BF, Davitt ES. Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants and Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Symptom Management. Nurs Womens Health 2020; 24:101-114. [PMID: 32101759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux is common in young infants, particularly those born prematurely or with a history of medical complexity. The most recent clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of nonpharmacologic management strategies because of concerns about the safety of acid-reducing medications and a lack of evidence of their effectiveness. Our purpose in this article is to holistically review the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease, identify symptom management targets, and describe nonpharmacologic strategies that nurses can implement and/or teach to parents to manage symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Strategies targeting stress, dysbiosis, food intolerances, feeding difficulties, and positioning are discussed. Nurses can work with families to identify factors contributing to gastroesophageal reflux disease and determine individualized strategies that can be used in lieu of, or in addition to, medication.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the 3 lines of pancreatic enzymes, amylase secretion develops last and it is not detected in duodenal aspirates of infants in the first month after birth. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and symptoms of isolated amylase deficiency in children. METHODS During a 6-year period, we performed endoscopic pancreatic function tests (ePFT) in 712 children. Isolated amylase deficiency was defined as activity that was below the third percentile of our referenced population with normal lipase and protease activities. RESULTS Seventy-two children between age 0.21 and 15.7 years (boys, n = 35) had isolated amylase deficiency. The highest prevalence of isolated amylase deficiency was found in patients less than 6 months of age (52.9%). From 6 months to 1 year of age, the prevalence was 40%. The prevalence gradually decreased until 18 months. Failure to thrive, poor weight gain, diarrhea, and abdominal bloating were the most frequent indications for ePFT. Eleven children had repeat ePFT after initial diagnosis and 6 had normal enzyme activity, whereas 5 had remained amylase-deficient an average of 1.65 years later. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of selective amylase deficiency was 10.1% in the 712 children who underwent ePFT with the suspicion of malabsorption. Low amylase activity is "physiologic" in infants <6 months of age, however, this study supports that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in children older than 6 months of age.
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The Effect of Digestion and Digestibility on Allergenicity of Food. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091129. [PMID: 30134536 PMCID: PMC6164088 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy prevalence numbers are still on the rise. Apart from environmental influences, dietary habits, food availability and life-style factors, medication could also play a role. For immune tolerance of food, several contributing factors ensure that dietary compounds are immunologically ignored and serve only as source for energy and nutrient supply. Functional digestion along the gastrointestinal tract is essential for the molecular breakdown and a prerequisite for appropriate uptake in the intestine. Digestion and digestibility of carbohydrates and proteins thus critically affect the risk of food allergy development. In this review, we highlight the influence of amylases, gastric acid- and trypsin-inhibitors, as well as of food processing in the context of food allergenicity.
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