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Velly Miguel M, Haubrick K. Systematic review: exploring outcomes of commercial and homemade blenderized tube-feeding regimens on feeding tolerance in pediatric patients. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1208-1215. [PMID: 37791488 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Increasing numbers of patients and caregivers are requesting transition to blenderized tube feeding. There is a lack of systematic reviews addressing the outcomes of blenderized tube feeding. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the association of blenderized tube feeding on feeding tolerance in enterally fed pediatric patients. DATA SOURCES A literature search for articles from 2012-2022 using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL yielded 78 articles. DATA EXTRACTION A description and evaluation of the study's sample, purpose, and results were summarized for 9 studies using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library Worksheet. DATA ANALYSIS Nine studies were evaluated using the Evidence Analysis Library Quality Criteria checklist. CONCLUSIONS Studies demonstrated an improvement in vomiting (n = 7), gagging/retching and heartburn (n = 6), abdominal pain/upset and distension (n = 3), and diarrhea (n = 6) with blenderized tube feeding. The outcomes of blenderized tube feeding on gas (n = 5) and constipation (n = 9) are variable and remain unclear. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022369247.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Velly Miguel
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Food and Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Haubrick
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Fraser LK, Bedendo A, O'Neill M, Taylor J, Hackett J, Horridge KA, Cade J, Richardson G, Phung H, McCarter A, Hewitt CE. Safety, resource use and nutritional content of home-blended diets in children who are gastrostomy fed: findings from 'YourTube' - a prospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:628-635. [PMID: 38129118 PMCID: PMC11287525 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the risks, benefits and resource implications of using home-blended food in children with gastrostomy tubes compared with currently recommended formula feeds. DESIGN This is a cohort study. Data were collected at months 0, 12 and 18 from parents and clinicians using standardised measures. SETTING 32 sites across England: 28 National Health Service trusts and 4 children's hospices. PATIENTS Children aged 6 months-18 years who were gastrostomy fed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was the PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales score. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, sleep (child, parent), dietary intake, anthropometry, healthcare usage, safety outcomes and resource use. RESULTS 180 children and families completed the baseline data collection, with 134 (74%) and 105 (58%) providing follow-up data at 12 and 18 months. There were fewer gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms at all time points in the home-blended diet group, but there was no difference in change over time within or between the groups. The nutritional intake of those on a home-blended diet had higher calories per kilogram and fibre, and both home-blended and formula-fed children have values above the dietary reference values for most micronutrients. Safety outcomes were similar between groups and over time. The total costs to the statutory sector were higher among children who were formula fed, but the costs of purchasing special equipment for home-blended food and the total time spent on childcare were higher for families with home-blended diet. CONCLUSIONS Children who are gastrostomy fed a home-blended diet have similar safety profile, adequate nutritional intake and lower burden of GI symptoms than formula-fed children. Trial registration number ISRCTN13977361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna K Fraser
- Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Jo Taylor
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Han Phung
- University of York Centre for Health Economics, York, UK
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3
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Bakewell C, Batra A, Beattie RM. Advancing the conversation around blended diets for gastrostomy-fed children. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:605-606. [PMID: 38589202 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bakewell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Akshay Batra
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - R Mark Beattie
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Barry M. Blended diet in enteral feeding: current guidance. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2024; 33:S8-S12. [PMID: 38954445 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2024.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The practice of administering blended food via enteral feeding tubes has been growing in popularity in recent years. Concerns have been raised as this practice was perceived to increase risk of gastrointestinal intolerance, allergic reactions, nutritional insufficiency, tube blockages, and infection compared with using commercial enteral feed (CEF), the gold standard, as well as risk of litigation against the professional due to their support of practice that is not evidence-based. However, research has shown that the physical, social and emotional benefits from receiving blended diet may outweigh the previously suggested risks. Guidance has been updated to encourage discussions around blended diet while informing the tube-fed individuals, families and carers of potential risks, potential benefits, barriers, considerations for training, safety and contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Barry
- Specialist Home Enteral Feed Dietitian, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust
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Imdad A, Sherwani R, Wall K. Pediatric Formulas: An Update. Pediatr Rev 2024; 45:394-405. [PMID: 38945989 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2023-006002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The recent shortage of pediatric formulas in the United States, caused by supply chain issues and contamination of formula products in 1 of the major manufacturing plants, led many families to seek an alternate formula for their children. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allowed import of infant formulas from selected European and non-European countries. The European infant formulas differ from those produced in the United States regarding the primary source of the formula, age category, mixing instructions, labeling requirements, and formula composition in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients. Although most European infant formulas are nutritionally adequate, pediatricians and families need to be aware of the differences between the European and FDA-regulated formulas for their correct use and preparation for infants and young children. Supplementation with cow milk is recommended for children beyond infancy, and older infant formulas are not recommended for otherwise healthy growing children. However, pediatric formulas have been used to support the nutrition needs of children with feeding difficulties, especially those dependent on tube feeding and with certain medical conditions. The FDA does not regulate the production of pediatric formulas beyond infant formula, and significant variations exist in their composition. The pediatric formulas are available as polymeric (intact), hydrolyzed, elemental, or food-based blenderized formulas. The plant-based nonformula (milk) drinks are being used increasingly for children. These products might not be nutritionally complete and should be avoided in infants and children dependent on liquid nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Imdad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stead Family Children's Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rida Sherwani
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Kellie Wall
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
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Desloovere A, Polderman N, Renken-Terhaerdt J, Shaw V, Anderson C, Greenbaum LA, Nelms CL, Qizalbash L, Stabouli S, Tuokkola J, Warady BA, Vande Walle J, Paglialonga F, Shroff R, Snauwaert E. The Management of Dietary Fiber Intake in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease - Clinical Practice Recommendations From the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00095-5. [PMID: 38866350 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of dietary fiber are widely accepted. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of children fail to meet the recommended intake of dietary fiber. Achieving adequate fiber intake is especially challenging in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). An international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the dietary intake of fiber in children and adolescents with CKD. In this CPR paper, we propose a definition of fiber, provide advice on the requirements and assessment of fiber intake, and offer practical guidance on optimizing dietary fiber intake in children with CKD. In addition, given the paucity of available evidence and to achieve consensus from international experts, a Delphi survey was performed in which all the clinical practice recommendations were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Desloovere
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Disease (ERKNet), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nonnie Polderman
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - José Renken-Terhaerdt
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Shaw
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Anderson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Larry A Greenbaum
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina L Nelms
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Leila Qizalbash
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Northern Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Stabouli
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, 1st Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jetta Tuokkola
- Children's Hospital and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Johan Vande Walle
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Disease (ERKNet), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien Snauwaert
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Disease (ERKNet), Ghent, Belgium.
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Allen L, Min J, Zong W. Blenderized tube feeding in pediatrics - current evidence, guidelines, and considerations. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024:00008480-990000000-00193. [PMID: 38957106 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, blenderized tube feeding (BTF) consisting of blended whole food components is emerging as a preferred approach to enteral nutrition in pediatric patients. Differences in the nutritional profile, viscosity, and other characteristics between BTF and conventional tube feeding formulas may impact clinical outcomes and practice considerations. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing guidance and evidence are emerging for BTF in pediatric populations requiring tube feeding. The characteristics of each BTF formulation vary, which may affect patient tolerance and clinical outcome. SUMMARY BTF is safe and generally well tolerated in children. It is shown to improve symptoms, clinical outcomes, and quality of life for many patients. A thorough risk assessment and nuanced approach may be required to optimize BTF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James Min
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenjing Zong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Fraser LK, Bedendo A, O'neill M, Taylor J, Hackett J, Horridge K, Cade J, Richardson G, Phung H, Mccarter A, Hewitt C. 'YourTube' the role of different diets in gastrostomy-fed children: Baseline findings from a prospective cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:755-764. [PMID: 37946550 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the risks, benefits, and resource implications of home-blended food for children with gastrostomy tubes compared with a formula diet. METHOD This prospective cohort study of children (aged 0-18 years) collected baseline data on gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional intake, anthropometric outcomes, parent and child quality of life, and resource use. A propensity score-weighted generalized linear mixed model was used to compare children receiving a home-blended versus formula diet. RESULTS Baseline data were obtained for 180 children (2019-2021; 107 males, 73 females; mean age 9 years 7 months [SD 4 years 5 months]). Children receiving a home-blended diet (n = 104) had similar diagnoses and age but more lived in areas of lower deprivation and parental education was higher compared to the parents of children receiving a formula diet (n = 76). Children receiving home-blended diets had significantly better gastrointestinal scores than those receiving formula diets (B = 13.8, p < 0.001). The number of gut infections and tube blockages were similar between the two groups but with fewer stoma site infections in the group receiving home-blended food. Children receiving a home-blended diet had more fibre in their diet compared to children receiving a formula diet. INTERPRETATION Home-blended diets should be seen as a safe option for children who are gastrostomy-fed unless clinically contraindicated. Equality of access to home-blended diets for children with gastrostomy should be assessed by local clinical teams. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Children with gastrostomy receiving a home-blended diet had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms compared to children receiving a formula diet. Children with gastrostomy receiving a home-blended diet had no more complications than children receiving a formula diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna K Fraser
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Cicely Saunders Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Sciences and Population Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andre Bedendo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mark O'neill
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Johanna Taylor
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Julia Hackett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Janet Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Han Phung
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
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9
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McGrath KH, Collins T, Comerford A, McCallum Z, Comito M, Herbison K, Cochrane OR, Burgess DM, Kane S, Coster K, Cooper M, Jesson K. A clinical consensus paper on jejunal tube feeding in children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:337-344. [PMID: 38430136 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding problems are common in children with complex medical problems or acute critical illness and enteral nutrition may be required. In certain situations, gastric tube feeding is poorly tolerated or may not be feasible. When feed intolerance persists despite appropriate adjustments to oral and gastric enteral regimens, jejunal tube feeding can be considered as an option for nutrition support. METHODS A multidisciplinary expert working group of the Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition was convened. They identified topic questions and five key areas of jejunal tube feeding in children. Literatures searches were undertaken on Pubmed, Embase, and Medline for all relevant studies, between January 2000 and September 2022 (n = 103). Studies were assessed using National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines to generate statements, which were discussed as a group, followed by voting on statements using a modified Delphi process to determine consensus. RESULTS A total of 24 consensus statements were created for five key areas: patient selection, type and selection of feeding tube, complications, clinical use of jejunal tubes, follow-up, and reassessment. CONCLUSION Jejunal tube feeding is a safe and effective means of providing nutrition in a select group of pediatric patients with complex medical needs, who are unable to be fed by gastric tube feeding. Appropriate patient selection is important as complications associated with jejunal tube feeding are not uncommon, and although mostly minor, can be significant or require tube reinsertion. All children receiving jejunal tube feeding should have multidisciplinary team assessment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen H McGrath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya Collins
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annabel Comerford
- Nutrition Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zoe McCallum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michaela Comito
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Herbison
- Department of Paediatric Dietetics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olivia Rose Cochrane
- Department of Paediatric Dietetics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deirdre Mary Burgess
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Kane
- Department of Dietetics and Food Services, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keryn Coster
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Cooper
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Jesson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Joosten K, Niseteo T. Better understanding of use of blended diets and its benefits. Evid Based Nurs 2024:ebnurs-2023-103859. [PMID: 38307708 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Joosten
- Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care, Division of Paediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Tena Niseteo
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Clancy O, McCormack S, Graham M, O'Sullivan K, Bennett AE. Experiences and perceptions of multidisciplinary paediatric teams of blended tube feeding in children. Nutr Health 2024:2601060231218049. [PMID: 38281935 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231218049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Background: Blended tube feeding (BTF) is the administration of pureed whole foods via gastric feeding tubes. There is some evidence to suggest that BTF may have clinical and psychosocial benefits when compared to commercial formula, but further investigation of how BTF is understood and recommended by health professionals is needed. This study aims to investigate awareness and knowledge of BTF among multi-disciplinary paediatric staff in Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among paediatric staff in Children's Health Ireland (CHI). The 16-item anonymous online survey gathered information on awareness of BTF, willingness to recommend BTF, confidence in BTF knowledge, and self-assessed competence in managing BTF. Results: Of the 207 responses, doctors (n68), nurses (n66), and dietitians (n32) provided 80.3% of responses. Two-thirds (n136, 66%) of the total group were aware of BTF. Of these, 68.1% had cared for a child on BTF and 70% (n = 63/90) were willing to recommend BTF. Three in five (n = 39/63, 61.9%) stated they were somewhat confident in their BTF knowledge and one in five (n = 12/56, 21.4%) were not yet competent in managing children on BTF. The most common reasons for recommending BTF were parental desire (n17, 39.5%) and commercial formula intolerance (n15, 34.9%). The most common barrier to recommending BTF was family logistics (n18, 41.9%). The most valuable sources of information on BTF for two-thirds (68.3%) of participants were other healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients/caregivers. Conclusion: Healthcare settings should provide evidence-based training to HCPs on BTF to optimise the treatment and safety of children under their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Clancy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Meave Graham
- Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Annemarie E Bennett
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Oftedal S, McCormack S, Stevenson R, Benfer K, Boyd RN, Bell K. The evolution of nutrition management in children with severe neurological impairment with a focus on cerebral palsy. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38196166 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional management of children with severe neurological impairment (SNI) is highly complex, and the profile of this population is changing. The aim of this narrative review was to give the reader a broad description of evolution of the nutritional management of children with SNI in a high resource setting. In the last decade, there has been an emphasis on using multiple anthropometric measures to monitor nutritional status in children with SNI, and several attempts at standardising the approach have been made. Tools such as the Feeding and Nutrition Screening Tool, the Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment, the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System and the Focus on Early Eating and Drinking Swallowing (FEEDS) toolkit have become available. There has been an increased understanding of how the gut microbiome influences gastrointestinal symptoms common in children with SNI, and the use of fibre in the management of these has received attention. A new diagnosis, 'gastrointestinal dystonia', has been defined. The increased use and acceptance of blended food tube feeds has been a major development in the nutritional management of children with SNI, with reported benefits in managing gastrointestinal symptoms. New interventions to support eating and drinking skill development in children with SNI show promise. In conclusion, as the life expectancy of people with SNI increases due to advances in medical and nutrition care, our approach necessitates a view to long-term health and quality of life. This involves balancing adequate nutrition to support growth, development and well-being while avoiding overnutrition and its associated detrimental long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Oftedal
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siobhan McCormack
- Department of Child Development and Neurodisability, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Richard Stevenson
- Division of Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine Benfer
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristie Bell
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Dietetics and Food Services, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Carpenter A, Pfarr MA. Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: The use of blended diets in children with enteral feeding tubes. J Hosp Med 2023; 18:1010-1012. [PMID: 37113045 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
GUIDELINE TITLE The Use of Blended Diets in Children With Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Joint Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition RELEASE DATE: January 1, 2023 PRIOR VERSION(S): n/a DEVELOPER: ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition FUNDING SOURCE: ESPGHAN Committees of Allied Health Professionals and Nutrition TARGET POPULATION: Pediatricians, Pediatric Hospitalist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marie A Pfarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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