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Arslan S, Aydın A. Religious Dietary Practices: Health Outcomes and Psychological Insights From Various Countries. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02110-8. [PMID: 39154120 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Religious beliefs profoundly influence dietary practices across diverse cultures and communities, guiding what foods are acceptable, how they are prepared, and the timing of consumption. This narrative review examines the intricate relationship between religious dietary practices and their health and psychological well-being implications. Religious dietary practices, deeply rooted in various cultural and historical contexts, significantly influence followers' food consumption patterns. This narrative review aims to discuss how religions such as Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism prescribe specific dietary laws and guidelines, impacting nutritional intake and health outcomes. Furthermore, it delves into the psychological mechanisms, such as cognitive dissonance and social identity theories, that underpin adherence to these dietary practices. The review also highlights the role of community and social support in reinforcing dietary habits within religious contexts, contributing to mental health and social cohesion. By synthesizing insights from nutrition, psychology, and religious studies, this narrative review aims to provide healthcare providers with culturally sensitive dietary advice, ultimately improving patient care and promoting holistic health. Religious dietary practices provide numerous health benefits, including reduced risks of chronic diseases and enhanced mental well-being, achieved through disciplined and conscientious eating habits. Nevertheless, these practices also pose nutritional challenges that necessitate meticulous management and dietary planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Ayça Aydın
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hong J, Chang JY, Oh S, Kwon SO. Growth, Nutritional Status, and Dietary Intake Patterns Associated With Prolonged Breastfeeding in Young Korean Children: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e116. [PMID: 37069810 PMCID: PMC10111041 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the optimal duration of breastfeeding remains unclear, breastfeeding is generally recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life, which continues into late infancy. However, the awareness regarding the effects of long-term breastfeeding is relatively low compared with that of breastfeeding in early infancy. We aimed to investigate the growth and nutritional characteristics of the children with prolonged breastfeeding (PBF) over 1 year. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on the data of children aged 12 to 23 months from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2020) conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Data on anthropometric measurements, dietary behavior, and food and nutrient intake were extracted, and the association between PBF and growth, nutritional status, and dietary patterns were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 872 children with a birth weight of ≥ 2.5 kg in the final analysis, 34.2% continued breastfeeding over 12 months of age, and their median breastfeeding duration was 14.2 months. Children with PBF were more likely to have lower current body weight (P < 0.001) and weight gain (P < 0.001), lower daily protein (P = 0.012), calcium (P < 0.001), and iron (P < 0.001) intake per calorie compared with children weaned by 12 months of age or those who were never breastfed. Furthermore, they were started on complementary food at 6 months or later rather than 4-5 months (P < 0.001), consumed cow's milk earlier (P = 0.012), and consumed probiotics as dietary supplements (P < 0.001) significantly less commonly. When comparing the intake of food groups, children with PBF had a significantly higher intake of cereals and grains (P = 0.023) and fruits (P = 0.020) and a significantly lower intake of bean products (P = 0.020) and milk and dairy products (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Korean children who continued breastfeeding over 12 months of age showed distinct characteristics in terms of growth, nutritional status, and dietary patterns in the second year of life compared to children who did not. Long-term additional research on their growth and nutritional status may be needed; however, these findings are significant as important fundamental data for nutritional counseling to establish healthy PBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sohee Oh
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kwon
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang X, Xu Y, Tan B, Duan R, Shan S, Zeng L, Zou K, Zhao L, Xiong J, Zhang L, Rong S, Cheng G. Development of the Chinese preschooler dietary index: a tool to assess overall diet quality. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2428. [PMID: 36572858 PMCID: PMC9791773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet quality in early childhood has a long-term impact on health outcomes. However, there are scarce dietary indexes for Chinese preschool children, and the existing indexes had limited validity and reliability. This study thus aimed to develop a dietary index for preschool children based on the Chinese Dietary Guideline and Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes and to assess their overall diet quality using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). METHODS The Chinese Preschooler Dietary Index (CPDI) included 11 components, covering 9 food group components and two nutrient components. The total scores of CPDI ranged from 0 to 90, with a higher score indicating greater diet quality. This study assessed the diet quality of 1742 preschoolers aged two to five years old from CHNS using the CPDI. Dietary intake data were obtained using three-day 24-h diet recalls, and sociodemographic information was also collected. Cochran-Mantel-Haensel (CMH) test was used to explore the association between demographic and CPDI total scores. The principal component analysis, correlation analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to evaluate the relative reliability and validity of the CPDI. Finally, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to explore potential influencing factors of CPDI. RESULTS Among the 1742 CHNS preschool children, more than 70% resided in rural areas and 41.2% of the sample were raised in a low-income family. The mean CPDI score of the preschoolers was 38.8 ± 12.9. Higher diet scores were correlated with higher energy and nutrient intake. Children with higher age (β = 0.93, SE = 0.26, P = 0.0003), raised in a home with higher household income (β = 3.11, SE = 0.27, P < 0.0001) or living in urban areas (β = -4.44, SE = 0.66, P < 0.0001) were associated with higher CPDI scores. CONCLUSIONS The CPDI is useful in evaluating the diet quality of preschool children. Based on the CPDI, the diet quality of Chinese preschoolers needs to be improved, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- grid.461863.e0000 0004 1757 9397Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Xu
- grid.461863.e0000 0004 1757 9397Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Tan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruonan Duan
- grid.461863.e0000 0004 1757 9397Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China ,grid.470966.aShanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shufang Shan
- grid.461863.e0000 0004 1757 9397Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linan Zeng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- grid.412787.f0000 0000 9868 173XDepartment of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academic of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- grid.461863.e0000 0004 1757 9397Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Suryana S, Fitri Y, Yunianto AE, Bustami B, Lusiana SA. Nutritional Education to the Nutritional Maternal Knowledge and Iron Intake among Toddlers with Anemia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In general, maternal knowledge about nutrition and health affects food habits, influencing the child’s nutritional or iron intake. One effort to improve children’s iron status is by providing maternal nutrition education.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a nutrition education intervention on maternal knowledge and toddlers’ iron intake to prevent anemia among children under five. Paired t-test was used to analyze differences in knowledge, nutrient intake, consumption of iron sources, and hemoglobin (Hb) status of children before and after nutrition education interventions.
METHODS: This study was a Quasi Experiment with a one-group pre-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 40 toddlers consisting of two groups, namely, 20 toddlers in the intervention group and 20 toddlers in the control group. Mother’s knowledge about anemia, while nutrient intake, food sources containing iron were analyzed using Paired T-test.
RESULTS: The results of this study indicated a significant effect of a nutrition education intervention on improvement of maternal knowledge (p = 0.000), energy intake (p = 0.001), carbohydrates (p = 0.038), fat (0.047), iron (0.031), and consumption of iron food sources including chicken (p = 0.000) and fish (p = 0.005). However, no significant effect was identified on the Hb level of toddlers (p = 0.66).
CONCLUSION: Nutrition education intervention significantly affected the mother’s knowledge and toddlers’ iron intake but did not affect the Hb levels of toddlers.
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Murimi M. What is the Place of Beef in a Healthful Sustainable Homo sapiens Diet? Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:898-900. [PMID: 35531995 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221088661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Murimi
- Professor of Nutrition at Texas Tech University, Texas, USA
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de Oliveira ECV, Madruga FP, Retondario A, Jagher A, de Oliveira PDP, Alves RC, Almeida CCB, de Cerqueira MMO. SCHOOL FOOD IN CHILD DAYCARE CENTERS: POOR IN MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Katz DL. Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:894-900. [DOI: 10.1177/08901171221088661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Katz
- True Health Initiative, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Diet ID Inc, Detroit, MI, USA
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Prevalence and associated factors of iron deficiency in Spanish children aged 1 to 11 years. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2773-2780. [PMID: 33759019 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency affecting children worldwide. Most traditional laboratory parameters to assess ID can be altered by infections or other inflammatory states, including obesity. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ID in healthy children and to analyse associated factors, avoiding potential confounding factors through the use of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), reticulocyte haemoglobin content and sTfR/log ferritin index. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 951 children aged 1 to 11 years in Almería (Spain). ID was detected in 7.7% of children and iron deficiency anaemia in 0.9%. Multivariate analysis identified the following as independent risk factors: age under 5 years (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.35-3.6); excessive consumption of cow's milk and dairy products (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.13-3.1); and insufficient consumption of vegetables (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.1).Conclusions: Using a combination of iron status parameters with greater discriminatory power than classical measures, this study detected a considerable iron deficiency prevalence in Spanish children. Younger children and specific dietary habits exhibit a particular risk for ID, so special attention should be paid to this population. What is Known: • Iron deficiency remains the most prevalent nutritional deficit worldwide, and children aged under 3 years are the most vulnerable to this condition. • Accurate assessment of iron status, based on a combination of biochemical indicators, can often be complicated. What is New: • Iron deficiency continues to present a health problem in Spanish children aged 1 to 11 years, considering the serum transferrin receptor and reticulocyte haemoglobin content for diagnosis. • Excessive consumption of dairy products and low consumption of vegetables are independent risk factors for iron deficiency.
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Chouraqui JP, Turck D, Briend A, Darmaun D, Bocquet A, Feillet F, Frelut ML, Girardet JP, Guimber D, Hankard R, Lapillonne A, Peretti N, Roze JC, Siméoni U, Dupont C. Religious dietary rules and their potential nutritional and health consequences. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:12-26. [PMID: 33207368 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of the world population declares affiliation to a religion, predominantly Christianity and Islam. Many religions have special dietary rules, which may be more or less strictly adhered to. METHODS Religious food rules were collected from holy books and religious websites as well as their translation into dietary practices. The literature was searched for potential associations between these rules and potential nutritional consequences. RESULTS Jewish, Islamic and Indian religions support prolonged breastfeeding. Religious avoidance of alcohol is probably beneficial to health. When strictly applied, a few rules may lead to nutritional inadequacies, mainly in populations living in unfavourable socio-economic or environmental conditions. In Jewish and Muslim observants, animal slaughtering procedures may increase the risk of iron deficiency. Jews may be at risk of excess sodium intake related to home-prepared foods. A vegan diet, as observed by some believers, often by drifting from original precepts, or by some Hindus or Buddhists, may result in vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and n-3 fatty acids deficiencies. CONCLUSION When implemented in accordance with the rules, most religious food precepts are not detrimental to health, as suggested by the fact that they have more or less been followed for millennia. Nevertheless, some practices may lead to nutritional inadequacies, such as iron, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Patients with low socio-economic status, children and women of childbearing age are of particular risk of such deficiencies. Being aware of them should help health professionals to take an individualized approach to decide whether to supplement or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Chouraqui
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Woman, Mother and Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Turck
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Lille University Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille; INFINITE-INSERM U1286, Lille, France
| | - André Briend
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, Marseille, France
| | | | - Alain Bocquet
- French Association of Ambulatory Paediatrics, Orléans, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Girardet
- Cabinet de Pédiatrie, 81000 Albi, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, University 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Guimber
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Lille University Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Alexandre Lapillonne
- Paris Descartes University, APHP Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France and CNRC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noel Peretti
- Pediatric Nutrition, University Pediatric Hospital of Lyon and INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Claude Bernard Lyon-1 University, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Roze
- Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Univesity Hospital of Nantes and UMR 1280 INRA, Nantes University, France
| | - Umberto Siméoni
- Division of Pediatrics and DOHaD Lab, Woman, Mother and Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Dupont
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Association between iron deficiency anaemia and complementary feeding in children under 2 years assisted by a Conditional Cash Transfer programme. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4080-4090. [PMID: 32808920 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between Fe deficiency anaemia (IDA) and complementary feeding in children under 2 years old assisted by the Conditional Cash Transfer programme, Bolsa Família (BFP). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Data were obtained through a standardised form, questionnaire to assess the eating habits of children under 2 years of age, capillary Hb (HemoCue®) and the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Associations were calculated using hierarchical Poisson regression, adjusted at the last level by socio-economic, demographic and environmental variables from previous hierarchical levels. SETTING Six municipalities from the State of Alagoas, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 6-24 months assisted by BFP. RESULTS A total of 1604 children were evaluated, among whom 58·1 % had anaemia. A higher number of food groups consumed (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0·97; 95 % CI 0·95, 0·99; P = 0·009), the consumption of dairy (PR = 0·86; 95 % CI 0·79, 0·84; P = 0·001) and meat (PR = 0·90; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99; P = 0·030) in addition to bottle feeding (PR = 0·88; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·96; P = 0·004) were associated with a lower prevalence of IDA. CONCLUSIONS IDA is still a serious public health problem in children under 2 years old assisted by BFP in Alagoas. We highlight the importance of promoting complementary feeding based on a diversified dietary intake, as well strengthening prophylactic supplementation programmes to increase children's adherence in conjunction with the implementation of food and nutrition education to help reduce the prevalence of this condition.
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Wasihun AG, Teferi M, Negash L, Marugán J, Yemane D, McGuigan KG, Conroy RM, Abebe HT, Dejene TA. Intestinal parasitosis, anaemia and risk factors among pre-school children in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 32460777 PMCID: PMC7251880 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and anaemia are major health problems. This study assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, anaemia and associated factors among pre-school children in rural areas of the Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 610 pre-school children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia from June 2017 to August 2017. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of trophozoites, cysts, oocysts, and ova using direct, formal-ethyl acetate concentration, Kato-Katz, and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Haemoglobin was measured using a HemoCue spectrometer. RESULTS Among the 610 participating pre-school children in the study, the prevalence of IPIs and anaemia were 58% (95% conference interval (CI): 54.1-61.9%) and 21.6% (95% CI: 18.5-25.1%), respectively. Single, double, and triple parasitic infections were seen in 249 (41, 95% CI: 37-45%), 83 (14, 95% CI: 11-17%), and 22 (3.6, 95% CI: 2.4-5.4%) children, respectively. Of the seven intestinal parasitic organisms recorded from the participants, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the most prevalent 220 (36.1%) followed by Giardia lamblia 128 (20.1%), and Hymenolepis nana 102 (16.7%). Mixed infections were common among G. lamblia, E. histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst. Intestinal parasitic infection prevalence increased from 47% in children aged 6-11 months to 66% in those aged 48-59 months; the prevalence ratio (PR) associated with a one-year increase in age was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02-1.14, p = 0.009). Age-adjusted prevalence was higher in children who had been dewormed (PR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.00-1.4, p = 0.045), and lower in households having two or more children aged under five (PR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.95, p = 0.015). Anaemia rose from 28% in children aged 6-11 months to 43% in those aged 12-23 months, then fell continuously with age, reaching 7% in those aged 48-59 months. Age adjusted, anaemia was more prevalent in households using proper disposal of solid waste (PR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.1-2.10, p = 0.009) while eating raw meat (PR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.45-0.54, p = 0.000), any maternal education (PR = 0.64 95% CI: 0.52-0.79, p = 0.000), and household water treatment (PR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-1.0, p = 0.044) were associated with lower prevalence of anaemia. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children were infected with intestinal parasites, while anaemia prevalence was concentrated in the 12-23 month age group. This study has identified a number of potentially modifiable risk factors to address the significant prevalence of IPIs and anaemia in these children. Improvements in sanitation, clean water, hand hygiene, maternal education could address both short and long-term consequences of these conditions in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekonen Teferi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Letemichal Negash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Javier Marugán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dejen Yemane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kevin G McGuigan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ronan M Conroy
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Haftu Temesgen Abebe
- Department of Bio Statistics, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Tigray, Ethiopia
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The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among African asylum seeking children residing in Tel Aviv. Isr J Health Policy Res 2019; 8:81. [PMID: 31767026 PMCID: PMC6876069 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-019-0351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been the impression of pediatricians at the Terem Clinic for African asylum seekers in Tel Aviv that they encounter large numbers of anemic children. The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify the prevalence of anemia among African African asylum seeking children treated in the Terem Clinic for refugees in Tel Aviv; 2) to compare it to the rates among Jewish Israeli children; 3) and to correlate it with their nutritional iron intake. Overall, this effort aims at informing changes in policies and practices that will ensure healthy development of African asylum seeking children in Israel. METHODS The prevalence of anemia was calculated for all toddlers and children under the age of twelve years visiting the refugee clinic and compared to the recently reported rates of anemia among urban Jewish Israeli children of similar ages; Nutritional iron intake was calculated in a subgroup by a food frequency questionnaire translated to Amharic and Tigrinya. RESULTS Mean age of the children (SD) was 2.96 yr. (SD 2.77) and mean hemoglobin 10.88 g/dl (1.47). Out of 386 eligible children, 131(34%) were anemic, fourfold more prevalent than reported among 263 Jewish toddlers and young children of the same age group [(11%), OR 4.15(95% ci 2.67-6.43)]. In a subgroup (n = 26) investigated for amount of daily iron intake, 46.2% did not receive the recommended daily allowance for their age. Nine of them had received iron supplements. CONCLUSIONS Low hemoglobin levels are four-fold more prevalent among the African asylum seeking children. The dietary data suggest iron deficiency as a major cause, although other etiologies need to be ruled out. Because of the adverse long term impact of early anemia on child development, new policies need to be developed to ensure that refugee children develop in a healthy manner. These should include routine mandatory supplements of iron for all refugee children, in parallel to developing an educational program for parents how to achieve iron-sufficient diets for their children. Further research is needed to guide public health action for these children.
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Mota JDO, Tounian P, Guillou S, Pierre F, Membré JM. Estimation of the Burden of Iron Deficiency Anemia in France from Iron Intake: Methodological Approach. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2045. [PMID: 31480641 PMCID: PMC6770489 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
: Dietary iron deficiency (ID) is the first nutritional deficiency in the world, in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALY). This nutritional deficiency may lead to anemia, especially among children, adolescents, and adult women. The aim of this study was to build an original probabilistic model to quantitatively assess the ID, the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the subsequent health burden in France expressed in DALY, per age class and gender. The model considered the distribution of absorbed iron intake, the iron requirement distribution established by the European Food Safety Authority and the iron status in France. Uncertainty due to lack of data and variability due to biological diversity were taken into account and separated using a second-order Monte Carlo procedure. A total of 1290 (95% CI = 1230-1350) IDA cases corresponding to 16 (95% CI = 11-20) DALY were estimated per 100,000 individuals per year. The major contributors to IDA burden were menstruating females aged from 25 to 44 years old. Then, a consumption scenario was built with ground beef as intake, an increase in red meat consumption to 100 g/d would not eliminate entirely the IDA burden. The quantitative methodology applied here for France could be reused for other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Tounian
- Service de nutrition et gastroentérologie pédiatriques, hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Guillou
- Secalim, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Delgado I, Ventura M, Gueifão S, Coelho I, Nascimento AC, Silva JAL, Castanheira I. 12th IFDC 2017 special issue – Iodine, selenium and iron contents in Portuguese key foods as consumed. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Efficacy of Nutrition and WASH/Malaria Educational Community-Based Interventions in Reducing Anemia in Preschool Children from Bengo, Angola: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030466. [PMID: 30764549 PMCID: PMC6388146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Angola reports one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world, and anemia represents one of its important causes. Recent studies, in under-five children from the Bengo province of Angola, described high prevalence’s, suggesting malaria, undernutrition and urogenital schistosomiasis as important contributors for the occurrence and spatial variations of anemia. Educational community-based interventions, either in Nutrition and Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Malaria are recommended to correct anemia. Herein, we designed a cluster-randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of two educational-plus-therapeutic interventions in the reduction of anemia: one in nutrition and the other in WASH/Malaria. Socioeconomic, nutritional, anthropometric, parasitological and biochemical data will be collected from all willing-to-participate children, aging under four and resident in the Health Research Center of Angola study area. Considering the multifactorial causes of this condition, determining the efficacy of both interventions might help documenting weaknesses and opportunities for planning integrated strategies to reduce anemia.
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Cox KA, Parkin PC, Anderson LN, Chen Y, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Macarthur C, Borkhoff CM, Anderson LN, Bayoumi I, Birken CS, Borkhoff CM, Carsley S, Chen Y, Katz-Lavigne M, Kavikondala K, Koroshegyi C, Kowal C, Lee GJ, Maguire JL, Mason D, Omand J, Parkin PC, Persaud N, van den Heuvel M, Wong P, Zabih W, Baker J, Barozzino T, Bonifacio J, Campbell D, Cheema S, Chisamore B, Danayan K, Das P, Derocher MB, Do A, Dorey M, Freeman S, Fung K, Guiang C, Handford C, Hatch H, Jacobson S, Kiran T, Knowles H, Kwok B, Lakhoo S, Lam-Antoniades M, Lau E, Leung FH, Loo J, Mahmoud S, Moodie R, Morinis J, Naymark S, Neelands P, Owen J, Peer M, Perlmutar M, Persaud N, Pinto A, Porepa M, Ramji N, Ramji N, Rosenthal A, Saunderson J, Saxena R, Sgro M, Shepherd S, Smiltnieks B, Taylor C, Weisdors T, Wijayasinghe S, Wong P, Ying E, Young E, Barozzino T, Chisamore B, Feldman M, Ipp M, Abreo K, Dalwadi D, Malhi T, Pugliese A, Smith M, Thompson L. Association Between Meat and Meat-Alternative Consumption and Iron Stores in Early Childhood. Acad Pediatr 2016; 16:783-791. [PMID: 26804490 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prevent iron deficiency, 2014 Canadian recommendations for healthy term infants from 6 to 24 months recommend iron-rich complementary foods such as meat and meat alternatives 2 or more times a day. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between meat and meat-alternative consumption and iron status in young children and the association between red meat consumption and iron status among children meeting recommendations. METHODS Healthy children aged 12 to 36 months were recruited. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Meat and meat-alternative consumption was measured using the NutriSTEP questionnaire. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate an association between meat consumption and serum ferritin, and iron deficiency (serum ferritin <14 μg/L). RESULTS A total of 1043 children were included. Seventy-three percent of children met the recommended daily intake of meat and meat alternatives, and 66% ate red meat in the past 3 days. Eating meat and meat alternatives was not associated with serum ferritin (0.13 μg/L, 95% confidence interval -0.05, 0.31, P = .16), but it was associated with a decreased odds of iron deficiency (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94, 0.99, P = .03). Associations between red meat consumption and iron status were not statistically significant. Statistically significant covariates associated with increased odds of iron deficiency included longer breast-feeding duration, daily cow's milk intake of >2 cups, and a higher body mass index z score. CONCLUSIONS Daily cow's milk intake of >2 cups, longer breast-feeding duration, and a higher body mass index z score were modifiable risk factors associated with iron deficiency. Eating meat according to recommendations may be a promising additional target for the prevention of iron deficiency in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Anne Cox
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Yang Chen
- The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Paediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Colin Macarthur
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Cornelia M Borkhoff
- Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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Iqbal R, Iqbal SP, Yakub M, Tareen AK, Iqbal MP. Major dietary patterns and risk of acute myocardial infarction in young, urban Pakistani population. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:1213-8. [PMID: 26649016 PMCID: PMC4641285 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.315.7690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of dietary intake in the development of premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a hospital-based Pakistani population in Karachi. Methods: In a case control study, 203 consecutive patients (146 males and 57 females) with their first AMI and age below 45 years were enrolled with informed consent. Similarly, 205 gender and age matched (within 3 years) healthy adults were also included as controls. Dietary intake of both cases and controls was assessed by using a simple 14-item food frequency questionnaire. Using factor analysis, 3 major dietary patterns- prudent dietary pattern, combination dietary pattern and western dietary pattern were identified. Fasting plasma/serum of both cases and controls were analyzed for homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, blood Pb, ferritin, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. ANOVA and conditional logistic regression were used to predict the association of dietary patterns with AMI. Results: Consumption of prudent diet, characterized by high consumption of legumes, vegetables, wheat, chicken and fruits, is protective against the risk of premature AMI. Moderate to high consumption of combination diet, characterized by high intake of eggs, fish, fruits, juices and coffee was associated with decreased risk of AMI. No association was observed between western diet, characterized by high intake of meat, fish and tea with milk and risk of AMI. Conclusions: Consumption of a prudent dietary pattern and a combination dietary pattern is protective against the risk of AMI in a Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaina Iqbal
- Romaina Iqbal, PhD. Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Perwaiz Iqbal
- Saleem Perwaiz Iqbal, MSc. Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Yakub
- Mohsin Yakub, PhD. Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Current Address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Asal Khan Tareen
- Asal Khan Tareen, PhD. National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal
- Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal, PhD. Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wang J, Wang H, Chang S, Zhao L, Fu P, Yu W, Man Q, Scherpbier R, Pan L, Duan Y, Yin SA. The Influence of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Status on Anemic Risk in Children under 3 Years Old in Poor Areas in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140840. [PMID: 26488490 PMCID: PMC4619061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and anemia affect large numbers of young children living in poor areas of China. Multi-micronutrient deficiencies may be related to the prevalence of anemia in different populations, and identifying the risk factors that render children susceptible to anemia is the first step in combating anemia effectively. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1370 children under 3 years old were selected based on probability proportional to size sampling principles from poor counties of China. Basic characteristics data were collected by questionnaire; then anthropometrics and hemoglobin were measured in the field and anemia prevalence evaluated. Venous blood was drawn from children aged 12-35 months (N = 553) to evaluate micronutrient status. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for children's anemia. RESULTS Among children aged 0-35 months, the prevalence of stunting, low body weight and wasting was 17.5%, 8.6% and 5.1%, respectively, and 25.6% of the children were affected by anemia, with more anemic infants and younger children than older children (P <0.01). There were 26.5%, 12.8%, 14.1% and 20.0% of the children aged 12-35 months affected by iron deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, folic acid deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency, respectively. For children aged 0-11 months who were breastfed, the mothers' anemic status was the only factor associated with the child's anemia (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.4, P < 0.05). For children aged 12-35 months, multivariate logistic regression indicated that anemia was significantly associated with iron and vitamin B12 deficiency (OR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.9-14.5, P < 0.01) and monotonous diet (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.7, P < 0.05) after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anemia was higher in children under 2 years old and requires urgent intervention. An effective intervention strategy should include iron and vitamin B12 supplements, improving dietary diversity and controlling breastfeeding mothers' anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Population Research, China Population and Development Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Chang
- Section of Health and Nutrition and Water, Environment and Sanitation, United Nations Children’s Fund, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Nutrition on Aging, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- Department of Nutrition on Aging, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Scherpbier
- Section of Health and Nutrition and Water, Environment and Sanitation, United Nations Children’s Fund, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Duan
- Department of Maternal and Child Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-an Yin
- Department of Maternal and Child Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Decsi T, Lohner S. Gaps in Meeting Nutrient Needs in Healthy Toddlers. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:22-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000365795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McNeill SH. Inclusion of red meat in healthful dietary patterns. Meat Sci 2014; 98:452-60. [PMID: 25034452 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary patterns are an important concept in dietary recommendations. The Western pattern is most commonly defined as a diet characterized by high intakes of refined grains, sugar and red meat, and has been shown to be associated with increased risks for certain types of cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. However, isolating the independent effects of individual foods on health outcomes is central to helping individuals choose foods to build healthier dietary patterns to which they can adhere. Red meat is a popular source of high quality protein and provides a variety of essential nutrients that improve overall diet quality. It is also a source of saturated fatty acids, which observational evidence suggests are associated with heart disease, although recent data challenge this. Several studies have shown that lean red meat can be successfully included in recommended heart-healthy dietary patterns without detriment to blood lipids. Furthermore, increased dietary protein has been shown to promote healthy body weight and composition, in part by increasing satiety, and to improve vitality and stamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalene H McNeill
- Human Nutrition Research, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff Program, 9110 East Nichols Ave., #300, Centennial, CO 80112, United States.
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