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Tshilolo L, Kelekele J. Main nose-throat-ears, and ophthalmic features in sickle cell disease children. Presse Med 2023; 52:104210. [PMID: 37979835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Tshilolo
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale, CEFA- Monkole, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Département de Pédiatrie, Université Officielle de Mbujimayi (UOM), Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Joseph Kelekele
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Kinshasa University, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Lowe M, Bambhroliya Z, Patel H, Patel VJ, Vudugula SA, Cheruvu NP, Raza S, Okunlola OI. Emerging Therapies for the Management of Pain and Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cureus 2023; 15:e38014. [PMID: 37223201 PMCID: PMC10204617 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder that impairs red blood cells (RBCs) and disrupts the delivery of oxygen to tissues. There is currently no cure. Symptoms can appear as early as six months of age and include anemia, acute episodes of pain, swelling, infections, delayed growth, and vision problems. A growing number of therapies are being investigated for reducing these episodes of pain, also known as vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). The research literature evidence, however, currently includes far more approaches that have not shown superiority versus placebo than ones that have been proven effective. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the body of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the quality of support for and against the use of a variety of current and emerging therapies for treading SCD VOCs. Several important new papers have emerged since previous systematic reviews with similar objectives were published. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and focused on PubMed exclusively. Only RCTs were sought, and no other filters, except for a five-year historical timeline cut-off, were used. Of the 46 publications that were returned in response to the query, 18 were ultimately accepted as meeting the pre-established inclusion criteria. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was utilized as a quality assessment measure, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Among the included publications, five out of 18 featured positive results with superiority and statistical significance versus placebo for either reduction in pain score or number/duration of VOCs. The approaches featured therapies ranging from de novo molecules to currently available drugs approved for other indications to naturally occurring metabolites such as amino acids and vitamins. A single therapy, arginine, was supported for both clinical endpoints: pain score reduction and shortened VOC duration. Currently, two therapies are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are commercially available (crizanlizumab, ADAKVEO and L-glutamine, Endari). All other therapies are investigational only in nature. Several studies included measurement of biomarker endpoints as well as clinical outcomes. Generally, beneficial outcomes related to improving biomarker levels did not also translate into statistically significant reduction of pain scores or number/duration of VOCs. While measuring biomarkers may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology, it does not appear to directly offer predictive value toward treatment success clinically. It can be concluded that there exists a specific opportunity to design, fund, and execute investigations that both compare emerging and existing therapies versus one another and compare combinational therapies versus placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lowe
- Seeking Anesthesiology, Ross University School of Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Zarna Bambhroliya
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hesha Patel
- Internal Medicine, Capital Health Medical Center, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vishva J Patel
- Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Vadodara, IND
| | | | | | - Shafaat Raza
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Silva Lopes J, Garcia Viana Í, Cordeiro Santos ML, Freire de Melo F, Oliveira MV, Souza CL. Cardiopulmonary changes in patients with sickle cell anemia: A systematic review. World J Hematol 2022; 9:20-29. [DOI: 10.5315/wjh.v9.i3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high prevalence of cardiovascular and pulmonary abnormalities associated with sickle cell anemia (SCA), the clinical impact caused in addition to compromising the quality of life of patients and the overcharge that it represents to the public health system, this study systematized and evaluated scientific publications on pulmonary complications and cardiovascular diseases in sickle cell patients from 1920 to 2020. This compilation aims to provide knowledge for health professionals and managers in order to draw attention to the importance of chronic diseases in SCA patients and in addition to providing elements that provide improvements in management of useful resources that contribute to improve the quality and increase the life expectancy of these patients.
AIM To systematically compile information about cardiopulmonary changes in patients with SCA.
METHODS A systematic literature review was performed based on the PRISMA recom-mendation including scientific articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online databases of the United States National Library of Medicine and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. The search period was delimited between 1990 and 2020 and selected in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Three sets of descriptors were used for each database including research carried out with human beings. After reading the articles, those useful for this review were extracted using a collection instrument designed for this purpose.
RESULTS The final selection included 27 studies. The year with the highest number of publications was 2016 with 5 studies (18.51%), followed by 2017 with 4 (14.81%). The type of study most carried out in the period was cohort 10 (37.03%) followed by cross-sectional and case-control with 8 studies in each (29.62%). Regarding the language of publication, the distribution was as follows: 25 (92.59%) in English, 1 (3.70%) in Spanish and 1 (3.70%) in Portuguese.
CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that cardiopulmonary alterations represent a serious clinical repercussion of SCA. Of the analyzed studies, the high occurrence of pulmonary hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction stands out as the main cardiopulmonary complications. In view of the increased survival in SCA, there is a need for surveillance and the development of strategies aimed at preserving the cardiopulmonary function and consequently improving the quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Silva Lopes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Garcia Viana
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Liem R, Baynard T, Hsu L, Garofano R, Green N, Hankins J, Ness K, Rodeghier M, Radom-Aizik S. The Sickle Cell Pro-Inflammatory Response to Interval Testing Study (SPRINTS) in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia - Study design and methodological strategies. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 20:100668. [PMID: 33089004 PMCID: PMC7566951 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of sickle cell anemia (SCA) and its complications on physical functioning and cardiopulmonary/aerobic fitness in affected individuals is significant. Although limited data support the safety of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for children and adults with SCA, the safety of submaximal moderate and high intensity, and longer duration, exercise in this population is not clear. The Sickle Cell Pro-Inflammatory Response to Interval Testing Study (SPRINTS) is a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial. SPRINTS leverages unique collaborations between investigators in pediatric hematology and exercise science to evaluate the impact of exercise intensity on the acute phase inflammatory response to exercise and changes in airway dynamics in children and young adults with SCA. Here we describe the study design and methodological strategies employed in SPRINTS, including an exercise challenge that mimics real-life patterns of childhood physical activity, characterized by multiple moderate and high intensity brief bouts of exercise interspersed with rest periods. Primary outcomes comprise pre- and post-exercise biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and spirometry. Secondary outcomes include assessment of physical activity and functioning, genomic studies and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements to assess tissue oxygenation status during exercise. SPRINTS aims to enroll 70 subjects with SCA and 70 matched, healthy controls. We anticipate that data from SPRINTS will address gaps in our understanding of exercise responses and safety in SCA and support the future development of evidence-based, exercise prescription guidelines in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.I. Liem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 30, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - T. Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - L.L. Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, MC 856, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - R. Garofano
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - N.S. Green
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J.S. Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 800, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - K.K. Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - M. Rodeghier
- Rodeghier Consulting, Inc, 6244 North Nordica Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60631, USA
| | - S. Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine, 101 Academy, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
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Angel A, Wandalsen GF, Solé D, Lanza FC, Cobra CL, Johnston C, Braga JAP. Asthma, allergic sensitization and lung function in sickle cell disease. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:450-457. [PMID: 32249096 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary disease is a frequent acute and chronic manifestation in sickle cell disease (SCD), presenting high morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence and association of asthma, allergic sensitization and altered pulmonary function in patients with SCD (SS and Sβo). METHODS A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 70 patients with SCD and 44 controls, aged six to 18 years, responded to the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), complemented with an anamnesis regarding the associated clinical outcomes. All patients underwent immediate hypersensitivity skin tests with aeroallergens and a pulmonary function evaluation (spirometry). Regarding the statistical analysis, parametric and non-parametric methods were used, depending on the variables studied. Tests were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the patients and controls regarding the prevalence of asthma and allergic sensitization (p>0.05). The number of occurrences of acute chest syndrome per patient per year was significantly higher for asthmatic patients than for non-asthmatic patients (p=0.04). Obstructive pulmonary function occurred in 30.9% of the patients and in 5.4% of the controls, and restrictive pulmonary function occurred in 5.5% of the patients and 5.4% of the controls. Asthma and wheezing in the last 12months had significant associations with obstructive pulmonary function (p=0.014 and p=0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of asthma, allergic sensitization and alteration in lung function in patients with SCD reinforces the importance of routine monitoring of these diagnoses, which allows for early treatment and prevention of the evolution of pulmonary disease in adulthood.
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Patel AP, Krupani S, Stark JM, Mosquera RA, Waller DK, Gonzales T, Brown DL, Nguyen TT, Jon CK, Yadav A. Validation of the breathmobile case identification survey for asthma screening in children with sickle cell disease. J Asthma 2020; 58:782-790. [PMID: 32160791 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1729381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with variable/recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an inflammation. The expert panel report of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute recommends asthma screening in sickle cell disease (SCD); however, specific approach is not mentioned. We hypothesize that the breathmobile case identification survey (BCIS) is a valid asthma screening tool in children with SCD.Methods: This prospective, single-center study enrolled 129 SCD patients aged 5 to 18 years from March 2016 to March 2018. All patients completed BCIS, spirometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). A single pulmonologist blinded to the BCIS results evaluated patients for asthma.Results: Asthma prevalence was 41%. Male gender (60.4%; p = 0.041), allergic rhinitis (86.8%; p < 0.01), hydroxyurea usage (73.6%; p < 0.01), and family history of asthma (34%; p < 0.01) were higher but not self-reported parental asthma history, eczema, and tobacco smoke exposure in the asthma group compared to the nonasthma group. FEV1 (p = 0.003), FVC (p = 0.02), FEV1/FVC (p = 0.053), and FEF25-75% (p = 0.02) were lower in asthma. FeNO levels were comparable in both groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the abbreviated BCIS were 67.3%, 90.8%, 83.3%, and 80.2% for asthma; and 82.1%, 90.8%, 76.7%, and 93.2% for persistent asthma, respectively. Persistent asthma patients had a trend of higher hydroxyurea use (82.8% vs. 58.3%; p = 0.049) and tobacco smoke exposure (55.2% vs. 29.2%; p = 0.057) compared to intermittent asthma.Conclusion: We have validated the BCIS to screen for asthma in SCD. Spirometry but not FeNO may support an asthma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin P Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soornela Krupani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo A Mosquera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy Kim Waller
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Traci Gonzales
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trinh T Nguyen
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cindy K Jon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aravind Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Aliyu MH, Abdullahi AT, Iliyasu Z, Salihu AS, Adamu H, Sabo U, Garcia JP, Abdullahi SU, Mande A, Xian H, Yakasai HM, Schootman M, Ingles DJ, Patel AA, Yakasai A, Curry-Johnson S, Wudil UJ, DeBaun MR, Trevathan E. Bridging the childhood epilepsy treatment gap in northern Nigeria (BRIDGE): Rationale and design of pre-clinical trial studies. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 15:100362. [PMID: 31049462 PMCID: PMC6484289 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common serious childhood neurological disorder. In the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of Africa, children with epilepsy suffer increased morbidity and mortality compared to their counterparts in high-income countries, and the majority do not receive treatment - the childhood epilepsy treatment gap. Reports of the childhood epilepsy treatment gap in Africa are likely underestimates; most surveys do not include several common childhood seizure types, including most types of non-convulsive epilepsy. Efforts to scale up childhood epilepsy care services in the LMICs of Africa must contend with a shortage of physicians and diagnostic technology [e.g., electroencephalograms (EEGs)]. One pragmatic solution is to integrate epilepsy care into primary care by task-shifting to community health extension workers. The aims of this project (BRIDGE) are to: 1) train, develop, and pilot task-shifted epilepsy care teams; 2) develop and pilot innovative childhood epilepsy screening and diagnostic paradigms adapted to the local Hausa language/culture in Kano, northern Nigeria; and, 3) quantify and map the childhood epilepsy treatment gap, using geographic information systems (GIS), to target limited resources to areas of greatest need. Task-shifted teams will diagnose and manage childhood epilepsy using an innovative epilepsy screening tools and diagnostic and management paradigms in environments with limited EEG access. If validated and demonstrated efficacious in clinical trials, this project can be taken to scale across broader areas of west Africa's LMICs that share language and culture. BRIDGE has the potential to enhance access to basic childhood epilepsy care and establish the foundation for childhood epilepsy clinical trials in west Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aminu T Abdullahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Zubairu Iliyasu
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Auwal S Salihu
- Department of Psychiatry, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Halima Adamu
- Department of Pediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Umar Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Juanita Prieto Garcia
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shehu U Abdullahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Mande
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hafizu M Yakasai
- Centre for Nigerian Languages and Folklore, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mario Schootman
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna J Ingles
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Archana A Patel
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abubakar Yakasai
- Department of Psychiatry, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Stacy Curry-Johnson
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Usman J Wudil
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R DeBaun
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edwin Trevathan
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Langer AL, Leader A, Kim-Schulze S, Ginzburg Y, Merad M, Glassberg J. Inhaled steroids associated with decreased macrophage markers in nonasthmatic individuals with sickle cell disease in a randomized trial. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:841-849. [PMID: 30783732 PMCID: PMC7522666 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled mometasone was shown to improve pain scores and decrease soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) concentration in a randomized controlled trial of nonasthmatic patients with sickle cell disease. We sought to explore potential changes in systemic inflammation as a mechanism underlying this effect. Serum samples from 41 trial participants (15 placebo- and 26 mometasone-treated) were analyzed using a 92 inflammatory marker panel at baseline and after 8 weeks of mometasone therapy. Individual marker analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. Adjusted for age, the mometasone-treated group decreased the concentration of CXCL9, CXCL11, CD40, IL-10, and IL-18 relative to placebo-treated participants. Hierarchical clustering and correlation analysis identified additional evidence for a decrease in cytokines linking to macrophage signaling and migration. There was no statistically significant change in markers of asthma and allergy, indicating that the improvement was unlikely mediated by modulation of occult reactive airway disease. This analysis of inflammatory markers suggests that decrease in macrophage activity may be involved in the mediation of the clinical benefit seen with use of inhaled mometasone in nonasthmatic patients with sickle cell disease.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02061202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L Langer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Leader
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey Glassberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1620, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
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9
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Lunt A, Sturrock SS, Greenough A. Asthma and the outcome of sickle cell disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1547964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Lunt
- Department of Child Health, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah S. Sturrock
- Department of Child Health, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Child Health, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Adekile AD, Azab AF, Owayed A, Khadadah M. Correlates of Pulmonary Function in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Elevated Fetal Hemoglobin. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:49-54. [PMID: 29183008 PMCID: PMC5968263 DOI: 10.1159/000485801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study was carried out to compare pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in pediatric Kuwaiti sickle cell disease (SCD) patients to age-matched normal controls and to investigate the association of PFTs with selected clinical and laboratory parameters. Subjects andMethods: There were 38 patients with SCD and 36 controls in the study. The patients were recruited from the Pediatric Hematology Clinics of Mubarak Al-Kabeer and Al-Amiri Hospitals, Kuwait, and were studied in steady state. The controls were healthy, non-sickle cell siblings of the patients. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity, and other PFT parameters were obtained using a constant-volume, variable-pressure, body plethysmograph. Hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, serum bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase were determined using standard methods. RESULTS The mean ages of the patients and controls were 10.5 ± 3.2 and 10.5 ± 3.5 years, respectively. The FEV1% predicted of 84.1 ± 15.4% among the patients was significantly lower than the 92.1 ± 11.8% in the controls (p = 0.003). The FVC% predicted was also significantly lower (p = 0.022) in the patients than in the controls, although the values were generally within the normal range. There was no association of FEV1 with pain phenotype, acute chest syndrome (ACS), or blood transfusions. Also, there was no significant correlation with reticulocytes, bilirubin, or lactate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS In this study, changes in PFT, especially FEV1, developed early in the SCD patients. There was no demonstrable association with frequent vaso-occlusive crisis, ACS, and other variables. Hence, there is a need for follow-up studies with serial PFTs to identify vulnerable patients, who might need intervention to prevent early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle D. Adekile
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Unit, Mubarak Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
- *Prof. Adekunle D. Adekile, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
| | - Asmaa Farag Azab
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Unit, Mubarak Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Mousa Khadadah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Abir M, Truchil A, Wiest D, Nelson DB, Goldstick JE, Koegel P, Lozon MM, Choi H, Brenner J. Cluster Analysis of Acute Care Use Yields Insights for Tailored Pediatric Asthma Interventions. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 70:288-299.e2. [PMID: 28757228 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE We undertake this study to understand patterns of pediatric asthma-related acute care use to inform interventions aimed at reducing potentially avoidable hospitalizations. METHODS Hospital claims data from 3 Camden city facilities for 2010 to 2014 were used to perform cluster analysis classifying patients aged 0 to 17 years according to their asthma-related hospital use. Clusters were based on 2 variables: asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations. Demographics and a number of sociobehavioral and use characteristics were compared across clusters. RESULTS Children who met the criteria (3,170) were included in the analysis. An examination of a scree plot showing the decline in within-cluster heterogeneity as the number of clusters increased confirmed that clusters of pediatric asthma patients according to hospital use exist in the data. Five clusters of patients with distinct asthma-related acute care use patterns were observed. Cluster 1 (62% of patients) showed the lowest rates of acute care use. These patients were least likely to have a mental health-related diagnosis, were less likely to have visited multiple facilities, and had no hospitalizations for asthma. Cluster 2 (19% of patients) had a low number of asthma ED visits and onetime hospitalization. Cluster 3 (11% of patients) had a high number of ED visits and low hospitalization rates, and the highest rates of multiple facility use. Cluster 4 (7% of patients) had moderate ED use for both asthma and other illnesses, and high rates of asthma hospitalizations; nearly one quarter received care at all facilities, and 1 in 10 had a mental health diagnosis. Cluster 5 (1% of patients) had extreme rates of acute care use. CONCLUSION Differences observed between groups across multiple sociobehavioral factors suggest these clusters may represent children who differ along multiple dimensions, in addition to patterns of service use, with implications for tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Abir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Acute Care Research Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
| | - Aaron Truchil
- Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers, Camden, NJ
| | - Dawn Wiest
- Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers, Camden, NJ
| | | | | | | | - Marie M Lozon
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hwajung Choi
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Glassberg J, Minnitti C, Cromwell C, Cytryn L, Kraus T, Skloot GS, Connor JT, Rahman AH, Meurer WJ. Inhaled steroids reduce pain and sVCAM levels in individuals with sickle cell disease: A triple-blind, randomized trial. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:622-631. [PMID: 28370266 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical data demonstrate that altered pulmonary physiology (including increased inflammation, increased blood flow, airway resistance, and hyper-reactivity) is an intrinsic component of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and may contribute to excess SCD morbidity and mortality. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), a safe and effective therapy for pulmonary inflammation in asthma, may ameliorate the altered pulmonary physiologic milieu in SCD. With this single-center, longitudinal, randomized, triple-blind, placebo controlled trial we studied the efficacy and feasibility of ICS in 54 nonasthmatic individuals with SCD. Participants received once daily mometasone furoate 220 mcg dry powder inhalation or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility (the number who complete the trial divided by the total number enrolled) with prespecified efficacy outcomes including daily pain score over time (patient reported) and change in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) levels between entry and 8-weeks. For the primary outcome of feasibility, the result was 96% (52 of 54, 95% CI 87%-99%) for the intent-to-treat analysis and 83% (45 of 54, 95% CI 71%-91%) for the per-protocol analysis. The adjusted treatment effect of mometasone was a reduction in daily pain score of 1.42 points (95%CI 0.61-2.21, P = 0.001). Mometasone was associated with a reduction in sVCAM levels of 526.94 ng/mL more than placebo (95% CI 50.66-1003.23, P = 0.03). These results support further study of ICS in SCD including multicenter trials and longer durations of treatment. www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02061202).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Glassberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York
| | | | - Caroline Cromwell
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Beth Israel; New York
| | - Lawrence Cytryn
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Beth Israel; New York
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York
| | - Gwen S. Skloot
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York
| | | | - Adeeb H. Rahman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York
| | - William J. Meurer
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
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13
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Musa BM, Galadanci NA, Rodeghier M, Debaun MR. Higher prevalence of wheezing and lower FEV1 and FVC percent predicted in adults with sickle cell anaemia: A cross-sectional study. Respirology 2016; 22:284-288. [PMID: 27653959 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Respiratory symptoms including wheezing are common in adults with sickle cell anaemia (SCA), even in the absence of asthma. However, the prevalence of spirometry changes and respiratory symptoms in adults with SCA is unknown. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, we tested the hypothesis that adults with SCA (cases) would have higher rates of lower airway obstruction and wheezing than those without SCA (controls) using the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Diseases' questionnaire. Patients were adults with SCA aged between 18 and 65 years. Controls were consecutive unselected individuals without SCA who presented to an outpatient general medicine clinic. RESULTS We enrolled 150 adults with SCA and 287 consecutive controls without SCA. The median age was 23.0 and 27.0 years for adults with and without SCA, respectively. Cases were more likely to report cough without a cold (35.0% vs 18.6%, P < 0.001), lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) % predicted (70.1% vs 82.1%, P = 0.001) and lower forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted (67.4% vs 74.9%, P = 0.001) than controls. In the multivariable model, wheezing was significantly associated with SCA status (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08-2.65, P = 0.024). Similarly, FEV1 % predicted was significantly associated with SCA status and wheezing (P = 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Adults with SCA experience a higher rate of wheezing and impaired respiratory functions compared with controls from the same region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baba M Musa
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Najibah A Galadanci
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael R Debaun
- Department of Pediatrics and Vanderbilt and Meharry Sickle Cell Disease Center of Excellence, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt and Meharry Sickle Cell Disease Center of Excellence, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
Acute chest syndrome is a frequent cause of acute lung disease in children with sickle-cell disease. Asthma is common in children with sickle-cell disease and is associated with increased incidence of vaso-occlusive pain events, acute chest syndrome episodes, and earlier death. Risk factors for asthma exacerbation and an acute chest syndrome episode are similar, and both can present with shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, and wheezing. Despite overlapping risk factors and symptoms, an acute exacerbation of asthma or an episode of acute chest syndrome are two distinct entities that need disease-specific management strategies. Although understanding has increased about asthma as a comorbidity in sickle-cell disease and its effects on morbidity, substantial gaps remain in knowledge about best management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R DeBaun
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Meharry Sickle Cell Center for Excellence, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Robert C Strunk
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Central nervous system complications and management in sickle cell disease. Blood 2016; 127:829-38. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-618579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
With advances in brain imaging and completion of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for primary and secondary stroke prevention, the natural history of central nervous system (CNS) complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) is evolving. In order of current prevalence, the primary CNS complications include silent cerebral infarcts (39% by 18 years), headache (both acute and chronic: 36% in children with sickle cell anemia [SCA]), ischemic stroke (as low as 1% in children with SCA with effective screening and prophylaxis, but ∼11% in children with SCA without screening), and hemorrhagic stroke in children and adults with SCA (3% and 10%, respectively). In high-income countries, RCTs (Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia [STOP], STOP II) have demonstrated that regular blood transfusion therapy (typically monthly) achieves primary stroke prevention in children with SCA and high transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities; after at least a year, hydroxycarbamide may be substituted (TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea [TWiTCH]). Also in high-income countries, RCTs have demonstrated that regular blood transfusion is the optimal current therapy for secondary prevention of infarcts for children with SCA and strokes (Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea [SWiTCH]) or silent cerebral infarcts (Silent Infarct Transfusion [SIT] Trial). For adults with SCD, CNS complications continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with no evidence-based strategy for prevention.
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