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Wu X, Cai S, Zhou Y, Lan Y, Lin Y. Development, Reliability and Validity of the Medication Literacy Scale for Parents of Children with Epilepsy. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:165-176. [PMID: 38249684 PMCID: PMC10800104 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s446081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to develop a medication literacy scale for parents of children with epilepsy (MLSPCE) and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Patients and Methods The pilot scale was formulated based on the concept of medication literacy, the knowledge-attitude-practice model, and relevant literature reviews. It was formed through two rounds of expert consultations using the Delphi method. A survey of 657 parents of children with epilepsy, who were admitted to the neurology department or examined in the neuro-electrophysiological outpatient department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, using the pilot scale was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022 to test the reliability and validity of the scale questionnaire. The content validity of the scale questionnaire was assessed by consulting 20 neurology nursing, neurology clinician, and nursing education experts. Numbers, percentages, t-test, correlation analysis, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and factor analysis were used for data analysis. Results The MLSPCE included 34 items in four dimensions. Ten factors were drawn from the explorative factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.32%. The content validity index of each item on the 34-item scale was between 0.81 and 1.0, and the scale-content validity index/ average was 0.97. The correlation coefficient between each item and its dimension was between 0.399 and 0.760, the correlation coefficients between dimensions were between 0.150 and 0.382, and the correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total scale were between 0.390 and 0.845. Differences for all comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.864, and the split-half reliability of the total scale was 0.923. Conclusion All the statistical procedures performed in the validity and reliability stages of the study showed that MLSPCE is a valid and reliable tool for measuring medication literacy among Chinese parents of children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Cai
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Luzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutao Lan
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Holder K, Oprinovich S, Guthrie K. Evaluating pediatric weight-based antibiotic dosing in a community pharmacy. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:S52-S56. [PMID: 36588061 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to pharmacokinetic variations in pediatric patients, many antibiotics require weight-based dosing to ensure medication safety and antimicrobial stewardship. Despite the need for weight-based dosing, prescribers are not legally required to include the weight or diagnosis code on pediatric prescriptions that are necessary components to verify appropriateness. Clinical decision support system (CDSS) can help clinicians improve dosing appropriateness, but little is known about CDSS in a community pharmacy setting. To determine the impact of implementing CDSS in this setting, baseline information is necessary. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine both the percentage of pediatric antibiotic prescriptions without optimal patient information required to evaluate weight-based dosing and the baseline percentage of prescriptions dosed outside of guideline recommendations. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted at a locally owned community pharmacy in rural Southeast Missouri. Prescriptions written for patients less than 18 years old for guideline recommended antibiotics used for acute otitis media or acute pharyngitis dispensed between October 1, 2020, and May 10, 2021, were included in the analysis. Prescriptions were considered optimal if they included both patient weight and diagnosis code. Optimal prescriptions were evaluated for adherence to guideline recommended dosing. The primary outcomes included percentage of prescriptions without patient weight, diagnosis code, or both and the percentage of optimal prescriptions prescribed outside of guideline recommended dosing for the specified condition. RESULTS Of the 115 included prescriptions, 45 were missing a patient weight, diagnosis code, or both. Seventy prescriptions were considered optimal, and of those, 42 (60%) were prescribed outside of guideline recommended dosing. CONCLUSION Prescriptions were identified as missing important information at the time of dispensing. Of the optimal prescriptions, the majority were prescribed outside of current guideline recommended dosing, with subtherapeutic dosing being the most common.
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Higgins Joyce A, Van Genderen K, Flais SV, Keeley M, Gollehon N, Ryan MS. The ABCs of OTCs: A Video-Based Curriculum Regarding Over-the-Counter Pediatric Products. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2023; 19:11315. [PMID: 37287958 PMCID: PMC10241986 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Over-the-counter (OTC) products are widely used by families with young children. To educate future pediatricians on OTC product counseling and support the health and safety of children under their care, modern, accessible, and engaging curricula are needed. Methods We developed an OTC product curriculum consisting of seven videos and one facilitated group discussion using a flipped classroom pedagogy to educate students on counseling parents about OTC product use. Fourth-year medical students pursuing pediatric training from four institutions participated in the curriculum during their end-of-year transition-to-residency course. We measured effectiveness via a pre/post comparison using a student self-assessment with multiple-choice questions. A simulated parent call OSCE provided participants with an opportunity to apply their knowledge and receive directed formative feedback. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results A total of 41 students participated in the curriculum and completed all assessments. The majority (93%) watched all the videos. All participants (100%) agreed the videos were useful. Knowledge improved significantly (pretest mean score = 70%, posttest mean score = 87%, p < .001). No significant differences were found when comparing institution, gender, prior experience, or electives. Discussion We developed a feasible and effective video-based curriculum to teach OTC product guidance. Given the importance of discussing OTC medications with families and the need for convenient educational tools, this curriculum may have widespread application to medical students during clinical rotations as well as pediatric and family medicine trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Higgins Joyce
- Pediatric Clerkship Director and Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Kristin Van Genderen
- Pediatric Hospitalist and Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Shelly Vaziri Flais
- General Pediatrician and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Meg Keeley
- Senior Associate Dean for Education and Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Nathan Gollehon
- Vice Chair for Education and Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Michael S. Ryan
- Associate Dean for Assessment, Evaluation, Research and Innovation and Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine
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Tiozzo E, Rosati P, Brancaccio M, Biagioli V, Ricci R, d'Inzeo V, Scarselletta G, Piga S, MSc S, Vanzi V, Dall'Oglio I, Gawronski O, Offidani C, Pulimeno MA, Raponi M. A Cell-Phone Medication Error eHealth App for Managing Safety in Chronically Ill Young Patients at Home: A Prospective Study. Telemed J E Health 2022; 29:584-592. [PMID: 36070555 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Whereas ample information describes medication errors (MEs) in children or in mixed pediatric and adult populations discharged with acute or chronic diseases from hospital to community settings, little is known about MEs in children and adolescents with chronic diseases discharged home, a major concern. To promote home medication safety, we trained parents of children discharged with chronic diseases to record ME with a tailored cell-phone eHealth app. Methods: In a 1-year prospective study, we used the app to monitor ME in patients with chronic diseases discharged home from a tertiary hospital in Rome, Italy. Univariate and multivariate analyses detected the ME incidence rate ratio (IRR). Results: Of the 310 parents enrolled, 194 used the app. The 41 MEs involved all drug management phases. The ME IRR was 0.46 errors per child. Children <1 year had the highest ME risk (1.69 vs. 0.35, p = 0.002). Children discharged from the cardiology unit had a statistically higher ME IRR than others (3.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-13.23%). Conclusions: The highest ME risk at home involves children with chronic diseases <1 year old. A significant ME IRR at home concerns children with heart diseases of any age. Parents find a tailored eHealth app for monitoring and reporting ME at home easy to use. At discharge, clinical teams need to identify age-related and disease-residual risks to target additional actions for monitoring ME, thus increasing medication safety at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Tiozzo
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rosati
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Brancaccio
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Critical Care Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Biagioli
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ricci
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria d'Inzeo
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianna Scarselletta
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stat MSc
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanzi
- University Department of Pediatrics, and Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Dall'Oglio
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Orsola Gawronski
- Professional Development, Continuing Education and Research, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Offidani
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ausilia Pulimeno
- Center of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship, Nursing Professions Order of Rome (OPI), Rome, Italy
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Tan L, Chen W, He B, Zhu J, Cen X, Feng H. A Survey of Prescription Errors in Paediatric Outpatients in Multi-Primary Care Settings: The Implementation of an Electronic Pre-Prescription System. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:880928. [PMID: 35757118 PMCID: PMC9218205 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.880928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription errors impact the safety and efficacy of therapy and are considered to have a higher impact on paediatric populations. Nevertheless, information in paediatrics is still lacking, particularly in primary care settings. There exists a need to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of prescription errors in paediatric outpatients to prevent such errors during the prescription stage. METHODS A cross-sectional study to evaluate paediatric prescription errors in multi-primary care settings was conducted between August 2019 and July 2021. Prescriptions documented within the electronic pre-prescription system were automatically reviewed by the system and then, potentially inappropriate prescriptions would be reconciled by remote pharmacists via a regional pharmacy information exchange network. The demographics of paediatric patients, prescription details, and types/rates of errors were assessed and used to identify associated factors for prescription using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 39,754 outpatient paediatric prescriptions in 13 community health care centres were reviewed, among which 1,724 prescriptions (4.3%) were enrolled in the study as they met the inclusion criteria. Dose errors were the most prevalent (27%), with the predominance of underdosing (69%). They were followed by errors in selection without specified indications (24.5%), incompatibility (12.4%), and frequency errors (9.9%). Among critical errors were drug duplication (8.7%), contraindication (.9%), and drug interaction (.8%) that directly affect the drug's safety and efficacy. Notably, error rates were highest in medications for respiratory system drugs (50.5%), antibiotics (27.3%), and Chinese traditional medicine (12.3%). Results of logistic regression revealed that specific drug classification (antitussives, expectorants and mucolytic agents, anti-infective agents), patient age (<6 years), and prescriber specialty (paediatrics) related positively to errors. CONCLUSION Our study provides the prevalence and characteristics of prescription errors of paediatric outpatients in community settings based on an electronic pre-prescription system. Errors in dose calculations and medications commonly prescribed in primary care settings, such as respiratory system drugs, antibiotics, and Chinese traditional medicine, are certainly to be aware of. These results highlight an essential requirement to update the rules of prescriptions in the pre-prescription system to facilitate the delivery of excellent therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kassem AB, Saeed H, El Bassiouny NA, Kamal M. Assessment and analysis of outpatient medication errors related to pediatric prescriptions. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1090-1095. [PMID: 34703362 PMCID: PMC8523327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication errors are the errors that impact the efficacy and safety of the therapy. The impact of medication errors is higher for certain subjects, such as pediatrics, who require more attention. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the types and frequency of outpatient medication errors of pediatric subjects related to different prescription types. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried in several community pharmacies to record the medication errors found in outpatient pediatric prescriptions by gathering data from the outpatient prescriptions besides direct counseling with the subjects and their parents. Many medical resources (disease and drug-related) were used for checking the different aspects of medication errors. The data collection process included a preprepared sheet containing several items representing the medication errors in addition to a counseling session. Data were expressed as percentages and compared through the Chi-square test for results of handwritten and computerized prescriptions. RESULTS 752 outpatient pediatric prescriptions were recruited in the study as they involve medication errors. Among the highest percentage of medication errors was the absence of essential data in the prescription, such as diagnosis, age, and weight. The duration of the therapy and contraindication for some of the prescribed medications were among the highest recorded errors. Among the critical errors were the drug interaction and drug duplication that directly affect the drug's efficacy and safety. There was a significant difference between computerized and handwritten prescriptions regarding the number of medication errors related to each type. CONCLUSION Medication errors related to outpatient pediatric prescriptions vary from one to another prescription with predominant errors that influence the therapy's safety or efficacy. The role of patient counseling and prescription checking is critical for improving patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira B. Kassem
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Haitham Saeed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A. El Bassiouny
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Marwa Kamal
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Nelson KL, Morvay S, Neidecker M, Sebastian S, Fischer J, Li J, Pai V, Merandi J. Evaluation of medication safety resources in pediatric hospitals. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77:S78-S86. [PMID: 32815535 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As health systems continue to expand pharmacy and clinical services, the ability to evaluate potential medication safety risks and mitigate errors remains a high priority. Workload and productivity monitoring tools for the assessment of operational and clinical pharmacy services exist. However, such tools are not currently available to justify medication safety pharmacy services. The purpose of this study is to determine methods used to assess, allocate, and justify medication safety resources in pediatric hospitals. METHODS A 32-question survey was designed and distributed utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool. The survey was disseminated to 46 pediatric hospitals affiliated with the Children's Hospital Association (CHA). The survey was distributed in October 2018, and the respondents were given 3 weeks to submit responses. Data analysis includes the use of descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were summarized by frequencies and percentages to distinguish the differences between pediatric health systems. RESULTS Of 26 respondents, 15.4% utilized metrics to justify medication safety resources. Metrics utilized were based on medication dispenses, projects, and error coding. Twenty-three percent of respondents were dissatisfied with current pharmacy-based medication safety resources within the organization. There was variability of medication safety resources within pediatric hospitals, including the number of dedicated full-time equivalents, time spent on tasks, and task prioritization. CONCLUSION Assessing medication safety resources at various pediatric hospitals highlights several potential barriers and opportunities. This information will serve as the foundation for the creation of a standardized workload assessment tool to assist pharmacy leaders with additional resource justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembral L Nelson
- Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Shelly Morvay
- Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Sonya Sebastian
- Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jessica Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Junan Li
- the Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH
| | - Vinita Pai
- Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,the Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH
| | - Jenna Merandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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Brown SW, Oliveri LM, Ohler KH, Briars L. Identification of Errors in Pediatric Prescriptions and Interventions to Prevent Errors: A Survey of Community Pharmacists. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:304-311. [PMID: 31337993 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-24.4.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the competency of community pharmacists in identifying errors in pediatric prescriptions and to determine how often pharmacists perform interventions known to mitigate the likelihood of error. The study sought to recognize factors that may impact the pharmacist's ability to identify and mediate these errors, and to detect barriers that limit the role of the pharmacist pediatric patient care. METHODS A survey was distributed through the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Alumni Network and the Illinois Pharmacists Association email listservs. Pharmacists practicing in a retail setting within the last 5 years were included. Three prescription scenarios for commonly used pediatric medications with corresponding questions were created to assess a pharmacist's ability to identify errors. Demographics pertaining to the pharmacist and the practice site, as well as information about dispensing practices, were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that might impact the pharmacists' ability to identify errors. RESULTS One hundred sixty-one respondents began the survey and 138 met inclusion criteria. In 15% to 59% of scenario-based questions, pharmacists did not appropriately identify errors or interventions that would decrease the likelihood of error. Correct identification of doses was associated with total prescription volume in one scenario and with pediatric prescription volume in another scenario. Pharmacists did not consistently label prescriptions for oral liquids in milliliters or dispense oral syringes. Barriers to pharmacist involvement included availability and interest of the caregiver, ability to contact prescriber, and pharmacy staffing. CONCLUSION Community pharmacists did not consistently identify medication errors or use interventions known to mitigate error risk.
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Gates PJ, Meyerson SA, Baysari MT, Lehmann CU, Westbrook JI. Preventable Adverse Drug Events Among Inpatients: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-0805. [PMID: 30097525 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : media-1vid110.1542/5799876436001PEDS-VA_2018-0805Video Abstract CONTEXT: Patient harm resulting from medication errors drives prevention efforts, yet harm associated with medication errors in children has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE To review the incidence and severity of preventable adverse drug events (pADEs) resulting from medication errors in pediatric inpatient settings. DATA SOURCES Data sources included Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. STUDY SELECTION Selected studies were published between January 2000 and December 2017, written in the English language, and measured pADEs among pediatric hospital inpatients by chart review or direct observation. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted were medication error and harm definitions, pADE incidence and severity rates, items required for quality assessment, and sample details. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. For children in general pediatric wards, incidence was at 0 to 17 pADEs per 1000 patient days or 1.3% of medication errors (of any type) compared with 0 to 29 pADEs per 1000 patient days or 1.5% of medication errors in ICUs. Hospital-wide studies contained reports of up to 74 pADEs per 1000 patient days or 2.6% of medication errors. The severity of pADEs was mainly minor. LIMITATIONS Limited literature on the severity of pADEs is available. Additional study will better illuminate differences among hospital wards and among those with or without health information technology. CONCLUSIONS Medication errors in pediatric settings seldom result in patient harm, and if they do, harm is predominantly of minor severity. Implementing health information technologies was associated with reduced incidence of harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gates
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Sophie A Meyerson
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; and
| | - Melissa T Baysari
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; and
| | | | - Johanna I Westbrook
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; and
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Srinivasan SS, Kantareddy SNR, Nkwate EA, Meka P, Chang I, Hanumara NC, Ramadi KB. Design of a Precision Medication Dispenser: Preventing Overdose by Increasing Accuracy and Precision of Dosage. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2018; 6:2800406. [PMID: 30042904 PMCID: PMC6054514 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2018.2842223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid medication overdose in pediatric patients results in over 70000 visits to the emergency room yearly in the USA. Various studies have demonstrated that the root cause of this high incidence is due to user and device error in dose measurement. The standard measuring cup and syringe suffer from the challenge of accurately measuring and dispensing viscous liquids, which comprise the majority of children’s medication formulations. Here, we describe the development of a precision medication dispenser that overcomes challenges associated with viscous fluid flow at low volumes and flow rates, while incorporating various ergonomic and user-friendly features. The device performs with >95% accuracy and 94% precision across the 1–5-mL range of volume, a significant improvement when compared to current commercially available dispensers.
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