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Ricci V, Di Muzio I, Ceci F, Di Carlo F, Mancusi G, Piro T, Paggi A, Pettorruso M, Vellante F, De Berardis D, Martinotti G, Maina G. Aberrant salience in cannabis-induced psychosis: a comparative study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1343884. [PMID: 38260781 PMCID: PMC10801803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1343884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Natural Cannabis (NC) and Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) use can increase the risk and exacerbate the course of psychotic disorders. These could be influenced by the Aberrant Salience (AS) construct. It refers to an excess of attribution of meaning to stimuli that are otherwise regarded as neutral, thereby transform them into adverse, dangerous, or mysterious entities. This leads the patient to engage in aberrant and consequently incorrect interpretative efforts concerning the normal perception of reality and its relationship with our analytical abilities. AS appears to play a significant role in the onset and perpetuation of psychotic disorders. The internal conflict arising from aberrant attributions of significance leads to delusional thoughts, ultimately culminating in the establishment of a self-sustaining psychosis. Aims To examine the differences between psychoses course not associated with cannabis use and those associated with NC-use and SCs-use, in terms of psychotic and dissociative symptoms, AS, global functioning and suicidal ideation. Methods A sample of 62 patients with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) was divided into 3 groups: non cannabis users (non-users, N = 20); NC-users or rather Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) users (THC-users, N = 21); SCs-users, commonly referred to as SPICE-users (SPICE-users, N = 20). Each group underwent assessments at the onset of psychotic symptoms, as well as at the 3 months and 6 months marks, utilizing a range of psychopathological scales. These included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for investigating psychotic symptoms, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale for assessing overall functioning, the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II) for measuring dissociative symptoms, the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) for evaluating suicidal ideation and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) scale for gauging AS. Results SPICE-users showed more severe and persistent positive symptoms, while negative symptoms were mostly represented among non-users. Non-users showed better recovery than SPICE-users in global functioning. All groups showed a decrease in both ASI scores and subscale scores. SPICE-users exhibited higher global AS scores and less improvement in this aspect compared to other groups. Conclusion This study may help understanding the role of AS in both non-substance-related and substance-induced psychosis. This knowledge may lead clinician to a better diagnosis and identify patient-tailored psychopharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Di Muzio
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Franca Ceci
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mancusi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Paggi
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Mental Health, ASL Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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Wießner I, Falchi M, Palhano-Fontes F, Feilding A, Ribeiro S, Tófoli LF. LSD, madness and healing: Mystical experiences as possible link between psychosis model and therapy model. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1151-1165. [PMID: 34253268 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a century, psychedelics have been investigated as models of psychosis for demonstrating phenomenological similarities with psychotic experiences and as therapeutic models for treating depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. This study sought to explore this paradoxical relationship connecting key parameters of the psychotic experience, psychotherapy, and psychedelic experience. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 24 healthy volunteers received 50 μg d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or inactive placebo. Psychotic experience was assessed by aberrant salience (Aberrant Salience Inventory, ASI), therapeutic potential by suggestibility (Creative Imagination Scale, CIS) and mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, FFMQ; Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS; Experiences Questionnaire, EQ), and psychedelic experience by four questionnaires (Altered State of Consciousness Questionnaire, ASC; Mystical Experiences Questionnaire, MEQ; Challenging Experiences Questionnaire, CEQ; Ego-Dissolution Inventory, EDI). Relationships between LSD-induced effects were examined. RESULTS LSD induced psychedelic experiences, including alteration of consciousness, mystical experiences, ego-dissolution, and mildly challenging experiences, increased aberrant salience and suggestibility, but not mindfulness. LSD-induced aberrant salience correlated highly with complex imagery, mystical experiences, and ego-dissolution. LSD-induced suggestibility correlated with no other effects. Individual mindfulness changes correlated with aspects of aberrant salience and psychedelic experience. CONCLUSIONS The LSD state resembles a psychotic experience and offers a tool for healing. The link between psychosis model and therapeutic model seems to lie in mystical experiences. The results point to the importance of meaning attribution for the LSD psychosis model and indicate that psychedelic-assisted therapy might benefit from therapeutic suggestions fostering mystical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wießner
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchi
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Tófoli
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Conus P, Krebs MO, Cheour M, Seeman MV, Jahrami HA. Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported psychotic experiences among high school and college students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:492-514. [PMID: 36000793 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are at high risk of incident psychopathology. Fleeting psychotic experiences (PEs) that emerge in young people in response to stress may be warning signs that are missed by research that fails to study stressed populations, such as late high school and college/university students. Our aim in this systematic review was to conduct a meta-analysis that estimates prevalence rates of PEs in students, and to assess whether these rates differ by gender, age, culture, and COVID-19 exposure. METHOD We searched nine electronic databases, from their inception until January 31, 2022 for relevant studies. We pooled the estimates using the DerSimonian-Laird technique and random-effects meta-analysis. Our main outcome was the prevalence of self-reported PEs in high school and college/university students. We subsequently analyzed our data by age, gender, population, country, culture, evaluation tool, and COVID-19 exposure. RESULTS Out of 486 studies retrieved, a total of 59 independent studies met inclusion criteria reporting 210' 024 students from 21 different countries. Nearly one in four students (23.31%; 95% CI 18.41%-29.05%), reported having experienced PEs (heterogeneity [Q = 22,698.23 (62), p = 0.001] τ2 = 1.4418 [1.0415-2.1391], τ = 1.2007 [1.0205-1.4626], I2 = 99.7%, H = 19.13 [18.59-19.69]). The 95% prediction intervals were 04.01%-68.85%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence differed significantly by population, culture, and COVID-19 exposure. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed high prevalence rates of self-reported PEs among teen and young adult students, which may have significance for mental health screening in school settings. An important realization is that PEs may have very different mental health meaning in different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, Canada.,Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Inserm, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS GDR 3557), Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Majda Cheour
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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4
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Dawes C, Quinn D, Bickerdike A, O'Neill C, Granger KT, Pereira SC, Mah SL, Haselgrove M, Waddington JL, O'Tuathaigh C, Moran PM. Latent inhibition, aberrant salience, and schizotypy traits in cannabis users. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 28:100235. [PMID: 35028297 PMCID: PMC8738960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Declan Quinn
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Bickerdike
- Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cian O'Neill
- Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiri T Granger
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Monument Therapeutics Ltd, Alderley Park, Congleton Road, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Sarah Carneiro Pereira
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sue Lynn Mah
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm O'Tuathaigh
- Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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5
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Anglin DM, Tikhonov AA, Tayler R, DeVylder J. The role of aberrant salience in the association between cannabis use frequency and psychotic experiences among racial and ethnic minoritized youth. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:36-43. [PMID: 34583102 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown cannabis use is correlated with psychotic symptoms, but few have explored potential underlying mechanisms. The present study examined whether aberrant salience explains the association between cannabis use frequency and psychotic experiences (PE) while accounting for the mediating role of anxiety in this association. A US urban undergraduate sample of 816 racial and ethnic minorities contributed data used in linear regression models to determine associations between recent (3 months) cannabis use frequency, aberrant salience, anxiety, positive subscale Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) items, and distressing positive PQ items. Results from hierarchical linear regression and mediation models using Hayes PROCESS application indicated the association between cannabis use frequency and PE was significantly explained by higher aberrant salience and anxiety. Furthermore, anxiety's indirect association with cannabis use frequency and PE significantly occurred through aberrant salience's indirect association with cannabis use frequency and PE (i.e., serial mediation). A similar pattern emerged for distressing PE. We also found earlier age of cannabis use onset (age 12-14) was associated with a higher number of PE and distressing PE and that this was partially explained by higher aberrant salience. Anxiety's indirect association between earlier age of onset and PE/distressing PE only occurred through aberrant salience (i.e., serial mediation). Aberrant salience may be the part of psychosis proneness most directly connected to why earlier initiation of cannabis use is a risk factor for psychotic disorders. This should be explored further in future longitudinal work with clinical high-risk populations and among minoritized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre M Anglin
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, North Academic Center, New York, NY 10031, United States of America; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Aleksandr A Tikhonov
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, North Academic Center, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, 113 W 60th Street, New York, NY 10023, United States of America
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6
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Lisi G, Raballo A, Ribolsi M, Niolu C, Siracusano A, Preti A. Aberrant salience in adolescents is related to indicators of psychopathology that are relevant in the prodromal phases of psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:856-864. [PMID: 32893966 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aberrant salience has been considered as a predisposing factor during prodromal phases of psychosis and in ultra high-risk subjects. Most studies investigated the presence of aberrant salience in general population as a measure of vulnerability to psychosis. This study aimed atinvestigating the level of aberrant salience in a sample of Italian high-school students. METHODS Aberrant salience was measured with the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) and its association with measures of general psychopathology (Youth Self Report [YSR]) was tested. A sample of 312 high school students (115 boys, 197 girls; age range: 14 to 19) was recruited. RESULTS Within the ASI and the YSR, the subscales did associate with each other at medium to large effect size, while the associations of the ASI subscales to the YRS scales had small effect sizes, indicating that the two tools measure different constructs. Latent Class Analysis revealed a distribution of aberrant salience across three classes with the intermediate class corresponding to more than half of the sample (58.3%). The class with the highest endorsement of the ASI items included 101 subjects (32.4%). Greater differences by classes were found in the "increased significance" and the "impending understanding" subscales. Higher aberrant salience was found on the anxious/depressed, the somatic complaints, and the thought problems scales of the YSR. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant salience represents a common experience in the adolescent population and is associated with various psychopathological disorders, in particular, thought disorder. Aberrant salience might be involved in proneness to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lisi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Mental Health Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Center for Translational, Phenomenological and Developmental Psychopathology, Perugia University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Ribolsi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Daedelow LS, Banaschewski T, Berning M, Bokde ALW, Brühl R, Burke Quinlan E, Curran HV, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Hardon A, Kaminski J, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Murray H, Nees F, Oei NYL, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Rosenthal A, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Wiers RW, Schumann G, Heinz A. Are psychotic-like experiences related to a discontinuation of cannabis consumption in young adults? Schizophr Res 2021; 228:271-279. [PMID: 33493775 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in cannabis use in young adults as a function of psychotic-like experiences. METHOD Participants were initially recruited at age 14 in high schools for the longitudinal IMAGEN study. All measures presented here were assessed at follow-ups at age 19 and at age 22, respectively. Perceived stress was only assessed once at age 22. Ever users of cannabis (N = 552) gave qualitative and quantitative information on cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Of those, nearly all n = 549 reported to have experienced at least one psychotic experience of any form at age 19. RESULTS Mean cannabis use increased from age 19 to 22 and age of first use of cannabis was positively associated with a change in cannabis use between the two time points. Change in cannabis use was not significantly associated with psychotic-like experiences at age 19 or 22. In exploratory analysis, we observed a positive association between perceived stress and the experience of psychotic experiences at age 22. CONCLUSION Age of first use of cannabis influenced trajectories of young cannabis users with later onset leading to higher increase, whereas the frequency of psychotic-like experiences was not associated with a change in cannabis use. The observed association between perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences at age 22 emphasizes the importance of stress experiences in developing psychosis independent of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Daedelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Berning
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anita Hardon
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakob Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, France
| | - Hayley Murray
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Y L Oei
- Research Priority Area (RPA) Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology (Addiction Development and Psychopathology ADAPT-lab), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Adapt Lab, Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom; PONS Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Dawes C, Bickerdike A, O'Neill C, Carneiro Pereira S, Waddington JL, Moran PM, O'Tuathaigh CMP. Cannabis Use, Schizotypy and Kamin Blocking Performance. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:633476. [PMID: 34887781 PMCID: PMC8649723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has been associated with increased risk for a first episode of psychosis and inappropriate assignment of salience to extraneous stimuli has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this association. Psychosis-prone (especially schizotypal) personality traits are associated with deficits in associative learning tasks that measure salience allocation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of cannabis use and Kamin blocking (KB), a form of selective associative learning, in a non-clinical sample. Additionally, KB was examined in relation to self-reported schizotypy and aberrant salience scale profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 307 healthy participants with no previous psychiatric or neurological history. Participants were recruited and tested using the Testable Minds behavioural testing platform. KB was calculated using Oades' "mouse in the house task", performance of which is disrupted in schizophrenia patients. Schizotypy was measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was used to assess self-reported unusual or inappropriate salience. The modified Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (CEQm) was used to collect detailed history of use of cannabis and other recreational drugs. Regression models and Bayesian t-tests or ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalents) examined differences in KB based on lifetime or current cannabis use (frequent use during previous year), as well as frequency of use among those who had previously used cannabis. Neither lifetime nor current cannabis use was associated with any significant change in total or trial-specific KB scores. Current cannabis use was associated with higher Disorganised SPQ dimension scores and higher total and sub-scale values for the ASI. A modest positive association was observed between total KB score and Disorganised SPQ dimension scores, but no relationships were found between KB and other SPQ measures. Higher scores on "Senses Sharpening" ASI sub-scale predicted decreased KB score only in participants who have not engaged in recent cannabis use. These results are discussed in the context of our understanding of the effects of long-term cannabis exposure on salience attribution, as well as inconsistencies in the literature with respect to both the relationship between KB and schizotypy and the measurement of KB associative learning phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dawes
- School of Psychology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Bickerdike
- Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cian O'Neill
- Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Carneiro Pereira
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Cubillos Sánchez PA. Cannabis for medical and scientific purposes: the Colombian landscape. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5554/22562087.e954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Colombian government, through Law 1787 of 2016, has created a regulatory framework that allows its citizens to have a safe and informed access to cannabis and its derivatives for medical and scientific purposes. Our country joins others in their efforts to legalize cannabis-derived substances for therapeutic purposes, as many jurisdictions have recognized the potential these products have in the treatment of certain medical conditions. This paper describes the current medical cannabis outlook in Colombia, compares the different medical cannabis supply systems in other parts of the world, summarizes the evidence related to the potential therapeutic benefits and potential risks of using cannabis for medical purposes.
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10
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Sanderson VA, Vandyk AD, Graham ID, Lightfoot S, Murawsky M, Sikora L, Jacob JD. Post-secondary students with symptoms of psychosis: A mixed-methods systematic review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:590-607. [PMID: 32039562 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-secondary students are at a heightened risk of psychosis, yet little is known about this population. The aim of this study was to conduct a mixed-methods systematic review of psychosis among post-secondary students, including student characteristics, overall prevalence, risk factors, interventions, and their reported experiences. Procedures were modelled on the Joanna Briggs Institute approach, while PRISMA guided conduct and reporting. A librarian created a systematic search of nine databases, and quality was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. We pooled and analysed data according to objectives and recorded data using synthesis tables and narrative summaries. 26 articles published between 2006 and 2018 are included. The average age of participants was 21 years, and most identified as female and Caucasian. The prevalence of psychosis was often measured in a way that limited comparison across studies. Risk factors associated with symptoms of psychosis included substance use, depression, and younger age. Other risk factors trending towards a relationship included racial discrimination and anxiety. Protective factors included self-esteem and self-concept clarity. Five interventions were studied, with mixed results, and only three studies reported on the experience of students. While five promising interventions are identified, inadequate testing and replication limit confidence in their effectiveness and there is a notable deficit in qualitative evidence exploring the experiences of these students. Integrating knowledge on risk factors, interventions, and experiences of students with psychosis will help tailor and facilitate their health care while protecting their right to education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian D Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Lightfoot
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lindsey Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Livet A, Navarri X, Potvin S, Conrod P. Cognitive biases in individuals with psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:10-22. [PMID: 32595098 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A prior meta-analyze using behavioral tasks demonstrated that individuals with subclinical delusional ideations jump to conclusion (JTC). The major aim of our systematic review and meta-analyses was to highlight the relationship between cognitive biases and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) when both are assessed by self-reports measures. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, four electronic databases were searched. A total of 669 studies were identified, 39 articles met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 27 for the random effects meta-analysis on healthy and UHR samples investigating cognitive biases (JTC, aberrant salience (ASB), attention to threat (ATB), externalizing bias (ETB), belief inflexibility (BIB), personalizing bias, aggression bias and need for closure). Effect size estimates were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r). In samples including both healthy and Ultra High Risk (UHR) individuals, positive psychotic-like experiences (PPLEs) were positively associated with ATB (rs = 0.38), ETB (rs = 0.35), BIB (rs = 0.19), JTC (rs = 0.10), and personalizing (rs = 0.24). In community samples, PPLEs were positively associated with ASB (rs = 0.62), ATB (rs = 0.34), ETB (rs = 0.36), BIB (rs = 0.18), JTC (rs = 0.11). In addition, negative PLEs were positively associated with ATB (rs = 0.28), ETB (rs = 0.37), BIB (rs = 0.19) and ASB (rs = 0.18). In UHR samples, positive associations were established between PPLEs and ATB (rs = 0.47), ETB (rs = 0.34), personalizing (rs = 0.36) and the aggression bias (rs = 0.35). Our results support cognitive models of psychosis considering the role of cognitive biases in the onset and the maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Cognitive interventions targeting cognitive biases could potentially prevent transition to psychosis in youth reporting PLEs and in UHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Livet
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Navarri
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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12
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O'Tuathaigh CMP, Dawes C, Bickerdike A, Duggan E, O'Neill C, Waddington JL, Moran PM. Does cannabis use predict psychometric schizotypy via aberrant salience? Schizophr Res 2020; 220:194-200. [PMID: 32273148 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis can induce acute psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate pre-existing psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Inappropriate salience allocation is hypothesised to be central to the association between dopamine dysregulation and psychotic symptoms. This study examined whether cannabis use is associated with self-reported salience dysfunction and schizotypal symptoms in a non-clinical population. 910 University students completed the following questionnaire battery: the cannabis experience questionnaire modified version (CEQmv); schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ); community assessment of psychic experience (CAPE); aberrant salience inventory (ASI). Mediation analysis was used to test whether aberrant salience mediated the relationship between cannabis use and schizotypal traits. Both frequent cannabis consumption during the previous year and ASI score predicted variation across selected positive and disorganised SPQ subscales. However, for the SPQ subscales 'ideas of reference' and 'odd beliefs', mediation analysis revealed that with the addition of ASI score as a mediating variable, current cannabis use no longer predicted scores on these subscales. Similarly, cannabis use frequency predicted higher total SPQ as well as specific Positive and Disorganised subscale scores, but ASI score as a mediating variable removed the significant predictive relationship between frequent cannabis use and 'odd beliefs', 'ideas of reference', 'unusual perceptual experiences', 'odd speech', and total SPQ scores. In summary, cannabis use was associated with increased psychometric schizotypy and aberrant salience. Using self-report measures in a non-clinical population, the cannabis-related increase in selected positive and disorganised SPQ subscale scores was shown to be, at least in part, mediated by disturbance in salience processing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland..
| | | | - Andrea Bickerdike
- Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eileen Duggan
- Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cian O'Neill
- Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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13
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Seiler N, Nguyen T, Yung A, O'Donoghue B. Terminology and assessment tools of psychosis: A systematic narrative review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:226-246. [PMID: 31846133 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Phenomena within the psychosis continuum that varies in frequency/duration/intensity have been increasingly identified. Different terms describe these phenomena, however there is no standardization within the terminology. This review evaluated the definitions and assessment tools of seven terms - (i) 'psychotic experiences'; (ii) 'psychotic-like experiences'; (iii) 'psychotic-like symptoms'; (iv) 'attenuated psychotic symptoms'; (v) 'prodromal psychotic symptoms'; (vi) 'psychotic symptomatology'; and (vii) 'psychotic symptoms'. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched during February-March 2019. Inclusion criteria included 1989-2019, full text, human, and English. Papers with no explicit definition or assessment tool, duplicates, conference abstracts, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or no access were excluded. RESULTS A total of 2238 papers were identified and of these, 627 were included. Definitions and assessment tools varied, but some trends were found. Psychotic experiences and psychotic-like experiences were transient and mild, found in the general population and those at-risk. Psychotic-like symptoms were subthreshold and among at-risk populations and non-psychotic mental disorders. Attenuated psychotic symptoms were subthreshold but associated with distress, risk, and help-seeking. Prodromal psychotic symptoms referred to the prodrome of psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptomatology included delusions and hallucinations within psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptoms was the broadest term, encompassing a range of populations but most commonly involving hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorganization. DISCUSSION A model for conceptualizing the required terms is proposed and future directions needed to advance this field of research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Seiler
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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