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Li J, Hu WP, Zhong G. Clinical therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma in patients with burn wound healing: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26404. [PMID: 34397792 PMCID: PMC8341333 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical settings, burn wounds are frequently encountered. Since burn wounds are a form of physical injury, they can have long-term adverse effects on the human body. It has been a significant challenge to treat burn wounds completely. Since traditional treatment strategies have been unable to heal burn wounds completely, they lack the efficacy to cure the wounds without long-term effects, such as heavy scarring. Reportedly, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown potential to accelerate wound healing. Yet, there are no conclusive reports on a methodological comparative study of research that has assessed the medical benefits of PRP for treating individuals carrying burn wounds. Thus, the present meta-analysis and systematic study aims to assess the medical benefits of PRP for treating patients carrying burn wounds. METHODS The authors will conduct a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials that evaluate the safeness and efficiency of PRP to treat burn wounds. The search includes 3 Chinese language databases (WanFang database, Chinese BioMedical Literature database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and 4 English language databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and MEDLINE). These electronic databases will be searched from their establishment till May 2021. A pair of independent authors will be selecting eligible studies for extracting data. The same authors will employ the Cochrane risk of bias tool to evaluate the bias risk. We will make use of RevMan (version: 5.3) software to complete data synthesis. RESULTS The present protocol will establish practical and targeted results evaluating the efficacy and safeness of using PRP to treat burn wounds. The current study also provides a reference for clinical use of PRP. CONCLUSION Stronger evidence about the effectiveness and safety of using PRP to treat and heal burn wounds will be provided for clinicians to refer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is unrequired. REGISTRATION NUMBER March 31, 2021.osf.io/whauj. (https://osf.io/whauj/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Cyr S, Guo DX, Marcil MJ, Dupont P, Jobidon L, Benrimoh D, Guertin MC, Brouillette J. Posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence in medical populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 69:81-93. [PMID: 33582645 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PTSD is increasingly recognized following medical traumas although is highly heterogeneous. It is difficult to judge which medical contexts have the most traumatic potential and where to concentrate further research and clinical attention for prevention, early detection and treatment. The objective of this study was to compare PTSD prevalence in different medical populations. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on PTSD following medical traumas was conducted as well as a meta-analysis with final pooled result and 95% confidence intervals presented. A meta-regression was used to investigate the impact of potential effect modifiers (PTSD severity, age, sex, timeline) on study effect size between prevalence studies. RESULTS From 3278 abstracts, the authors extracted 292 studies reporting prevalence. Using clinician-administered reports, the highest 24 month or longer PTSD prevalence was found for intraoperative awareness (18.5% [95% CI=5.1%-36.6%]) and the lowest was found for epilepsy (4.5% [95% CI=0.2%-12.6%]). In the overall effect of the meta-regression, only medical events or procedures emerged as significant (p = 0.006) CONCLUSION: This review provides clinicians with greater awareness of medical contexts most associated with PTSD, which may assist them in the decision to engage in more frequent, earlier screening and referral to mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cyr
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - De Xuan Guo
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Joëlle Marcil
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrice Dupont
- Health Sciences Library, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Jobidon
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Benrimoh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith Brouillette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Language evolution and ethnic group/dialect name affecting ethnic information processing: Three major Chinese dialects in Guangdong. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Scheuringer A, Lundin C, Derntl B, Pletzer B, Sundström Poromaa I. Use of an estradiol-based combined oral contraceptives has no influence on attentional bias or depressive symptoms in healthy women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104544. [PMID: 31855680 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use is associated with small, albeit significant, increases in mental symptom scores, predominantly irritability, depressed mood, and anxiety. Yet, randomized prospective trials are needed to better characterize the women at risk for COC-induced negative mood change. Thus, the primary aim of this sub-study to a placebo-controlled randomized trial was to determine whether COC use influences emotional interference by negative and positive stimuli. Secondly, we wanted to evaluate what factors would predict depressive symptoms at the end of the trial, taking personality factors, history of mental disorders and other demographic factors into account. Sixty-nine women were included, randomized to three cycles of treatment with a COC (1.5 mg estradiol and 2.5 mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo. An emotional verbal Stroop task was used to measure interference of emotional stimuli, in which participants were asked to only name the color of a presented word, while ignoring the meaning of the word. Four different word categories were used; neutral, positive, depression, and anxiety. For the second aim of the study, rating on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale during the final days of the trial was used as outcome. We found no interaction between emotional verbal Stroop word category and treatment, indicating that COC treatment did not evoke any differences in emotional interference to the three word categories. Significant predictors for depressive symptoms at the end of the trial were trait anxiety at baseline and prior adverse mood effects by hormonal contraceptive use. Treatment (i.e. whether women had been treated with the COC or placebo) did not play a role in predicting depression scores at the end of the trial. In conclusion, we found no evidence that combined oral contraceptive use is associated with impaired cognitive-emotional processing. Instead, the main predictors of self-rated depression at the end of the trial were baseline trait anxiety and previous mental symptoms during hormonal contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scheuringer
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cecilia Lundin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Rashaan ZM, Krijnen P, Kwa KA, van der Vlies CH, Schipper IB, Breederveld RS. Flaminal® versus Flamazine® in the treatment of partial thickness burns: A randomized controlled trial on clinical effectiveness and scar quality (FLAM study). Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:257-267. [PMID: 30675745 PMCID: PMC6850327 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although partial thickness burns are the most frequently reported burn injuries, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and scar quality of Flaminal® Forte to silver sulfadiazine (Flamazine®) in the treatment of partial thickness burns. In this two-arm open label multicenter randomized controlled trial, adult patients with acute partial thickness burns and an affected total body surface area of less than 30% were randomized between Flaminal® Forte and Flamazine® and followed for 12 months. Dressing changes in the Flamazine® group were performed daily, and in the Flaminal® group during the first 3 days post burn and thereafter every other day until complete wound healing or surgery. Forty-one patients were randomly allocated to Flaminal® Forte and 48 patients to Flamazine®. The primary outcome was time to wound healing, which did not differ between the groups: median 18 days with Flaminal® Forte (range 8-49 days) versus 16 days with Flamazine® (range 7-48 days; p = 0.24). Regarding the secondary outcomes during hospital admission, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups concerning need for surgery, pain scores, pruritus, or pain-related and anticipatory anxiety. More patients in the Flaminal® group developed wound colonization (78% versus 32%, p < 0.001), but the treatment groups did not differ regarding the incidence of local infections and use of systemic antibiotics. In terms of scar quality, no statistically significant differences between both treatment groups were found regarding subjective scar assessment (Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS)), scar melanin and pigmentation (DermaSpectrometer®), and scar elasticity and maximal extension (Cutometer®) during 12 month postburn. In conclusion, time to wound healing did not differ, but the use of Flaminal® Forte seemed favorable because less dressing changes are needed which lowers the burden of wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zjir M. Rashaan
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of SurgeryRed Cross HospitalBeverwijkThe Netherlands
- Burn CentreRed Cross HospitalBeverwijkThe Netherlands
| | - Pieta Krijnen
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Kelly A.A. Kwa
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Burn CentreRed Cross HospitalBeverwijkThe Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. van der Vlies
- Burn Centre and Department of SurgeryMaasstad HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Inger B. Schipper
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Roelf S. Breederveld
- Department of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Burn CentreRed Cross HospitalBeverwijkThe Netherlands
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Edvinsson Å, Skalkidou A, Hellgren C, Gingnell M, Ekselius L, Willebrand M, Sundström Poromaa I. Different patterns of attentional bias in antenatal and postpartum depression. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00844. [PMID: 29201545 PMCID: PMC5698862 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biased information processing in attention, memory, and interpretation is proposed to be central cognitive alterations in patients with major depressive disorder, but studies in women with peripartum depression are scarce. Because of the many similarities with depression in nonperipartum states as regards symptom profile and risk factors, we hypothesized that women with antenatal and postpartum depression would display attentional bias to negatively and positively valenced words. METHODS One hundred and seventy-seven pregnant and 157 postpartum women were included. Among these, 40 suffered from antenatal depressive disorder and 33 from postpartum depressive disorder. An emotional Stroop task with neutral, positive, negative, and negatively valenced obstetric words was used. RESULTS No significant difference in emotional interference scores was noted between women with antenatal depression and nondepressed pregnant women. In contrast, women with postpartum depression displayed shorter reaction times to both positive (p = .028) and negative (p = .022) stimuli, compared with neutral words. Pregnant women on antidepressant treatment displayed longer reaction times to negatively valenced obstetric words in comparison with untreated depressed women (p = .012), and a trend toward greater interference in comparison with controls (p = .061). CONCLUSIONS In contrast with the hypothesis, we found no evidence of attentional bias to emotionally valenced stimuli in women with untreated peripartum depression. However, the shorter reaction times to emotional stimuli in women with postpartum depression may indicate emotional numbing, which in turn, is a functional impairment that may have repercussions for child development and well-being. Our findings emphasize the need to identify and treat women with postpartum depression at the earliest possible time point to ensure swift recovery and support for the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Edvinsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Charlotte Hellgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Malin Gingnell
- Department of Psychology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mimmie Willebrand
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Prevalence and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology Among Burn Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Burn Care Res 2016; 37:e79-89. [PMID: 25970798 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Burns can be a traumatic and stressful experience, although each patient may respond in very different ways. The aim of this study was to explore the variability on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) prevalence and evaluate the specific weight of different variables on PTSD development among adult burn patients. A systematic review was carried out to explore the prevalence of ASD and PTSD and identify their predictors. Meta-analytical methods were used to explore the strength of association between PTSD and the latter. From an initial pool of 190 studies, 24 were used in the systematic review, and only 19 studies could be used for the meta-analysis because of different methodological limitations. The prevalence of ASD at baseline ranged from 2 to 30% and prevalence of PTSD ranged from 3 to 35% at 1 month, 2 to 40% between 3 and 6 months, 9 to 45% in the year postinjury and ranged 7 to 25% more than 2 years later. Life threat perception was the strongest predictor for PTSD occurrence, followed by acute intrusive symptoms and pain associated with burn injuries. Predictive variables identified in this research may be useful in targeting burn patients who are at risk for developing posttraumatic stress symptoms and stress-related psychological symptoms.
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DeJong HM, Phillips M, Edgar DW, Wood FM. Patient opinion of scarring is multidimensional: An investigation of the POSAS with confirmatory factor analysis. Burns 2016; 43:58-68. [PMID: 27576936 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scarring is a significant consequence for patients following a burn. Understanding how patients perceive the physiological scar and define scar severity may provide valuable information regarding how the scar influences quality of life after burn. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale was the first scar assessment tool validated to include the patients' evaluation of the scars physical qualities, following a burn. Validation studies of this tool have previously been conducted for a discrete scar-site after burn. The aim of this study was to assess the structural validity of the POSAS to capture the patients' evaluation of the total area of burn scar(s). METHOD Statistical analysis was based on 508 completed POSAS forms from 358 patients. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used initially to identify the number of factors within the tool, then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling explored areas of misfit within each factor and whether the model provided a predicable structure to capture patient perception of scar severity. RESULTS/DISCUSSION The CFA analysis confirmed that a two dimensional model was superior to a unidimensional model when assessing the patient opinion of their total burn scar. The two dimensions were the physical scar (color, stiffness, thickness and irregularity) and the sensory scar (pain and itch). Further strain analysis of the two factor model identified additional domains. Independent factors influenced the perception of color forming a separate subdomain within the physical domain. Color is a visual characteristic, whereas the other three are predominantly tactile characteristics. A significant relationship between thickness and irregularity suggested they may form another subdomain, however further research is required to confirm this. Both pain and itch were recognized as independent, multidimensional latent variables, which require assessment tools with multidimensional structures. CONCLUSIONS When assessing the entire burn scar, three independent dimensions influence patient perception: (1) the physical scar, (2) pain and (3) itch. Within the physical domain, color formed a visual subdomain separate to a tactile subdomain. Further development of these domains within a high-order multi-dimensional structure is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M DeJong
- Perth Scar and Pain Clinic, Mt Pleasant, 6153, WA, Australia; Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan Universtiy, Joondaplup, 6027, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, 6150, WA, Australia; Burn Injury Research Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Michael Phillips
- Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6000, WA, Australia
| | - Dale W Edgar
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, 6150, WA, Australia; Burn Injury Research Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; Burn Injury Research Node, The Universtiy of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, 6160, WA, Australia; State Adult Burn Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, 6150, WA, Australia.
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, 6150, WA, Australia; Burn Injury Research Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia; Burn Injury Research Node, The Universtiy of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, 6160, WA, Australia; State Adult Burn Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, 6150, WA, Australia; Child and Adolescent Health Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, 6008, WA, Australia.
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Neumeister A, Seidel J, Ragen BJ, Pietrzak RH. Translational evidence for a role of endocannabinoids in the etiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 51:577-84. [PMID: 25456347 PMCID: PMC4268027 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, chronic, and disabling anxiety disorder that may develop following exposure to a traumatic event. Despite the public health significance of PTSD, relatively little is known about the etiology or pathophysiology of this disorder, and pharmacotherapy development to date has been largely opportunistic instead of mechanism-based. Recently, an accumulating body of evidence has implicated the endocannabinoid system in the etiology of PTSD, and targets within this system are believed to be suitable for treatment development. METHODS Herein, we describe evidence from translational studies arguing for the relevance of the endocannabinoid system in the etiology of PTSD. We also show mechanisms relevant for treatment development. RESULTS There is convincing evidence from multiple studies for reduced endocannabinoid availability in PTSD. Brain imaging studies show molecular adaptations with elevated cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor availability in PTSD which is linked to abnormal threat processing and anxious arousal symptoms. CONCLUSION Of particular relevance is evidence showing reduced levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide and compensatory increase of CB1 receptor availability in PTSD, and an association between increased CB1 receptor availability in the amygdala and abnormal threat processing, as well as increased severity of hyperarousal, but not dysphoric symptomatology, in trauma survivors. Given that hyperarousal symptoms are the key drivers of more disabling aspects of PTSD such as emotional numbing or suicidality, novel, mechanism-based pharmacotherapies that target this particular symptom cluster in patients with PTSD may have utility in mitigating the chronicity and morbidity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neumeister
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jordan Seidel
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Ragen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Pietrzak RH, Huang Y, Corsi-Travali S, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Henry S, Potenza MN, Piomelli D, Carson RE, Neumeister A. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor availability in the amygdala mediates threat processing in trauma survivors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2519-28. [PMID: 24820537 PMCID: PMC4207337 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Attentional bias to threat is a key endophenotype that contributes to the chronicity of trauma-related psychopathology. However, little is known about the neurobiology of this endophenotype and no known in vivo molecular imaging study has been conducted to evaluate candidate receptor systems that may be implicated in this endophenotype or the phenotypic expression of trauma-related psychopathology that comprises threat (ie, re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) and loss (ie, emotional numbing, depression/dysphoria, generalized anxiety) symptomatology. Using the radioligand [(11)C]OMAR and positron emission tomography (PET), we evaluated the relationship between in vivo cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor availability in the amygdala, and performance on a dot-probe measure of attentional bias to threat, and clinician interview-based measures of trauma-related psychopathology. The sample comprised adults presenting with a broad spectrum of trauma-related psychopathology, ranging from nontrauma-exposed, psychiatrically healthy adults to trauma-exposed adults with severe trauma-related psychopathology. Results revealed that increased CB1 receptor availability in the amygdala was associated with increased attentional bias to threat, as well as increased severity of threat, but not loss, symptomatology; greater peripheral anandamide levels were associated with decreased attentional bias to threat. A mediation analysis further suggested that attentional bias to threat mediated the relationship between CB1 receptor availability in the amygdala and severity of threat symptomatology. These data substantiate a key role for compromised endocannabinoid function in mediating both the endophenotypic and phenotypic expression of threat symptomatology in humans. They further suggest that novel pharmacotherapies that target the CB1 system may provide a more focused, mechanism-based approach to mitigating this core aspect of trauma-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pietrzak
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefani Corsi-Travali
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-fei Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Anatomy & Neurobiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Neumeister
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, Room 225, New York, NY 10016, USA, Tel: +1 646 754 4827, Fax: +1 646 754 4781, E-mail:
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El Khoury-Malhame M, Lanteaume L, Beetz EM, Roques J, Reynaud E, Samuelian JC, Blin O, Garcia R, Khalfa S. Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress disorder diminishes after symptom amelioration. Behav Res Ther 2011; 49:796-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Echevarria-Guanilo ME, Dantas RAS, Farina JA, Alonso J, Rajmil L, Rossi LA. Reliability and validity of the Impact of Event Scale (IES): version for Brazilian burn victims. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:1588-97. [PMID: 21453295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to assess the internal reliability (internal consistency), construct validity, sensitivity and ceiling and floor effects of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES). DESIGN Methodological research design. METHOD The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the IES was applied to a group of 91 burned patients at three times: the first week after the burn injury (time one), between the fourth and the sixth months (time two) and between the ninth and the 12th months (time three). The internal consistency, construct validity (convergent and dimensionality), sensitivity and ceiling and floor effects were tested. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed high internal consistency for the total scale (0·87) and for the domains intrusive thoughts (0·87) and avoidance responses (0·76). During the hospitalisation (time one), the scale showed low and positive correlations with pain measures immediately before (r=0·22; p<0·05) and immediately after baths and dressings (r=0·21; p<0·05). After the discharge, we found strong and negative correlations with self-esteem (r=-0·52; p<0·01), strong and positive with depression (r=0·63; p<0·01) and low and negative with the Bodily pain (r=-0·24; p<0·05), Social functioning (r=-0·34; p<0·01) and Mental health (r=-0·27; p<0·05) domains of the SF-36 at time two. Regarding the sensitivity, no statistically significant differences were observed between mean scale scores according to burned body surface (p=0·21). The floor effect was observed in most of the IES items. CONCLUSION The adapted version of the scale showed to be reliable and valid to assess postburn reactions on the impact of the event in the group of patients under analysis. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The Impact of Event Scale can be used in research and clinical practice to assess nursing interventions aimed at decreasing stress during rehabilitation.
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