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Hallmark BF, Johnson BK. Creating an Effective Simulation Environment. Nurs Clin North Am 2024; 59:345-358. [PMID: 39059854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Simulation is a teaching and learning strategy that is used commonly in healthcare education in academia and practice settings. Nurses at the bedside may recall times in their formal education where simulation was used as a form of clinical learning or evaluation of their performance. It is possible that with the rise of nurse residency programs and in situ simulation that bedside nurses are experiencing simulation regularly within the workplace as a means of professional development. This article will set the stage for educators to develop high-quality simulation experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Fentress Hallmark
- Inman College of Nursing, Belmont Simulation Center, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Brandon Kyle Johnson
- TTUHSC Simulation Program, TTUHSC School of Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Schwartze JT, Das S, Suggitt D, Baxter J, Tunstall S, Ronan N, Stannard H, Rezgui A, Jafar W, Baxter DN. Ward-based in situ simulation: lessons learnt from a UK District General Hospital. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002571. [PMID: 38749539 PMCID: PMC11097843 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In situ simulation (ISS) enables multiprofessional healthcare teams to train for real emergencies in their own working environment and identify latent patient safety threats. This study aimed to determine ISS impact on teamwork, technical skill performance, healthcare staff perception and latent error identification during simulated medical emergencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unannounced ISS sessions (n=14, n=75 staff members) using a high-fidelity mannequin were conducted in medical, paediatric and rehabilitation wards at Stepping Hill Hospital (Stockport National Health Service Foundation Trust, UK). Each session encompassed a 15 min simulation followed by a 15 min faculty-led debrief. RESULTS The clinical team score revealed low overall teamwork performances during simulated medical emergencies (mean±SEM: 4.3±0.5). Linear regression analysis revealed that overall communication (r=0.9, p<0.001), decision-making (r=0.77, p<0.001) and overall situational awareness (r=0.73, p=0.003) were the strongest statistically significant predictors of overall teamwork performance. Neither the number of attending healthcare professionals, their professional background, age, gender, degree of clinical experience, level of resuscitation training or previous simulation experience statistically significantly impacted on overall teamwork performance. ISS positively impacted on healthcare staff confidence and clinical training. Identified safety threats included unknown location of intraosseous kits, poor/absent airway management, incomplete A-E assessments, inability to activate the major haemorrhage protocol, unknown location/dose of epinephrine for anaphylaxis management, delayed administration of epinephrine and delayed/absence of attachment of pads to the defibrillator as well as absence of accessing ALS algorithms, poor chest compressions and passive behaviour during simulated cardiac arrests. CONCLUSION Poor demonstration of technical/non-technical skills mandate regular ISS interventions for healthcare professionals of all levels. ISS positively impacts on staff confidence and training and drives identification of latent errors enabling improvements in workplace systems and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tristan Schwartze
- Stroke Medicine, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Medical Education, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
| | - Souvik Das
- Emergency Department, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
| | | | | | - Simon Tunstall
- Department of Anaesthetics, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
| | - Nicholas Ronan
- Royal Stoke University Hospital Acute Medical Unit, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | | | - Amina Rezgui
- Acute Medicine, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
| | - Wisam Jafar
- Gastroenterology, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK
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Oermann MH, Krusmark MA, Kardong-Edgren S, Jastrzembski TS, Gluck KA. Personalized Training Schedules for Retention and Sustainment of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills. Simul Healthc 2022; 17:e59-e67. [PMID: 34009911 PMCID: PMC8812420 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study examined how the spacing of training during initial acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skill affects longer-term retention and sustainment of these skills. METHODS This was a multiphased, longitudinal study. Nursing students were randomly assigned to 2 initial acquisition conditions in which they completed 4 consecutive CPR training sessions spaced by shorter (1 or 7 days) or longer (30 or 90 days) training intervals. Students were additionally randomized to refresh skills for 1 year every 3 months, 6 months, or at a personalized interval prescribed by the Predictive Performance Optimizer (PPO), a cognitive tool that predicts learning and decay over time. RESULTS At the end of the acquisition period, performance was better if training intervals were shorter. At 3 or 6 months after acquisition, performance was better if initial training intervals were longer. At 1 year after acquisition, compression and ventilation scores did not differ by initial training interval nor by 3-month or PPO-prescribed sustainment interval refreshers. However, 6-month interval refreshers were worse than the PPO for compressions and worse than 3 months for ventilations. At the final test session, participants in the personalized PPO condition had less variability in compression scores than either the 3- or 6-month groups. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that CPR learning trajectories may be accelerated by first spacing training sessions by days and then expanding to longer intervals. Personalized scheduling may improve performance, minimize performance variability, and reduce overall training time.
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Greif R, Bhanji F, Bigham BL, Bray J, Breckwoldt J, Cheng A, Duff JP, Gilfoyle E, Hsieh MJ, Iwami T, Lauridsen KG, Lockey AS, Ma MHM, Monsieurs KG, Okamoto D, Pellegrino JL, Yeung J, Finn JC. Education, Implementation, and Teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2020; 142:S222-S283. [PMID: 33084395 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For this 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, the Education, Implementation, and Teams Task Force applied the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study design, time frame format and performed 15 systematic reviews, applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidance. Furthermore, 4 scoping reviews and 7 evidence updates assessed any new evidence to determine if a change in any existing treatment recommendation was required. The topics covered included training for the treatment of opioid overdose; basic life support, including automated external defibrillator training; measuring implementation and performance in communities, and cardiac arrest centers; advanced life support training, including team and leadership training and rapid response teams; measuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance, feedback devices, and debriefing; and the use of social media to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation application.
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Cheng A, Magid DJ, Auerbach M, Bhanji F, Bigham BL, Blewer AL, Dainty KN, Diederich E, Lin Y, Leary M, Mahgoub M, Mancini ME, Navarro K, Donoghue A. Part 6: Resuscitation Education Science: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2020; 142:S551-S579. [PMID: 33081527 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Greif R, Bhanji F, Bigham BL, Bray J, Breckwoldt J, Cheng A, Duff JP, Gilfoyle E, Hsieh MJ, Iwami T, Lauridsen KG, Lockey AS, Ma MHM, Monsieurs KG, Okamoto D, Pellegrino JL, Yeung J, Finn JC, Baldi E, Beck S, Beckers SK, Blewer AL, Boulton A, Cheng-Heng L, Yang CW, Coppola A, Dainty KN, Damjanovic D, Djärv T, Donoghue A, Georgiou M, Gunson I, Krob JL, Kuzovlev A, Ko YC, Leary M, Lin Y, Mancini ME, Matsuyama T, Navarro K, Nehme Z, Orkin AM, Pellis T, Pflanzl-Knizacek L, Pisapia L, Saviani M, Sawyer T, Scapigliati A, Schnaubelt S, Scholefield B, Semeraro F, Shammet S, Smyth MA, Ward A, Zace D. Education, Implementation, and Teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2020; 156:A188-A239. [PMID: 33098918 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For this 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, the Education, Implementation, and Teams Task Force applied the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study design, time frame format and performed 15 systematic reviews, applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidance. Furthermore, 4 scoping reviews and 7 evidence updates assessed any new evidence to determine if a change in any existing treatment recommendation was required. The topics covered included training for the treatment of opioid overdose; basic life support, including automated external defibrillator training; measuring implementation and performance in communities, and cardiac arrest centers; advanced life support training, including team and leadership training and rapid response teams; measuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance, feedback devices, and debriefing; and the use of social media to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation application.
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Merchant RM, Topjian AA, Panchal AR, Cheng A, Aziz K, Berg KM, Lavonas EJ, Magid DJ. Part 1: Executive Summary: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2020; 142:S337-S357. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yeung J, Djarv T, Hsieh MJ, Sawyer T, Lockey A, Finn J, Greif R. Spaced learning versus massed learning in resuscitation - A systematic review. Resuscitation 2020; 156:61-71. [PMID: 32926969 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Skill decay is a recognised problem in resuscitation training. Spaced learning has been proposed as an intervention to optimise resuscitation skill performance compared to traditional massed learning. A systematic review was performed to answer 'In learners taking resuscitation courses, does spaced learning compared to massed learning improve educational outcomes and clinical outcomes?' METHODS This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched bibliographic databases (Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL)) from inception to 2 December 2019. Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently scrutinized studies for relevance, extracted data and assessed quality of studies. Risk of bias of studies and quality of evidence were assessed using RoB, ROBINS-I tool and GRADEpro respectively. Educational outcomes studied were skill retention and performance 1 year after completion of training; skill performance between completion of training and 1 year; and knowledge at course conclusion. Clinical outcomes were skill performance at actual resuscitation, patient survival to discharge with favourable neurological outcome. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019150358). RESULTS From 2,042 references, we included data from 17 studies (13 randomised studies, 4 cohort studies) in courses with manikins and simulation in the narrative synthesis. Eight studies reported results from basic life support training (with or without automatic external defibrillator); three studies reported from paediatric life support training; five were in neonatal resuscitation and one study reported results from a bespoke emergency medicine course which included resuscitation teaching. Fifteen out of seventeen studies reported improved performance with the use of spaced learning. The overall certainty of evidence was rated as very low for all outcomes primarily due to a very serious risk of bias. Heterogeneity across studies precluded any meta-analyses. There was a lack of data on the effectiveness of spaced learning on skill acquisition compared to maintaining skill performance and/or preventing skill decay. There was also insufficient data to examine the effectiveness of spaced learning on laypeople compared to healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS Despite the very low certainty of evidence this systematic review suggests that spaced learning can improve skill performance at 1 year post course conclusion and skill performance between course conclusion and 1 year. There is a lack of data from this educational intervention on skill performance in clinical resuscitation and patient survival at discharge with favourable neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yeung
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - T Djarv
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - M J Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Sawyer
- Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, USA
| | - A Lockey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - J Finn
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - R Greif
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
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Baseline Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skill Performance of Nursing Students Is Improved After One Resuscitation Quality Improvement Skill Refresher. J Nurses Prof Dev 2020; 36:57-62. [PMID: 32032180 DOI: 10.1097/nnd.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the results of baseline cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills performance measurements from 467 nursing students. All participants had completed a CPR course. Baseline measurements were compared to performance after one 10-minute refresher training session on the Resuscitation Quality Improvement system. Significant improvements were made after the computer- and practice-based refresher. Findings suggest that staff developers should evaluate the use of audio and visual feedback devices to improve the quality of CPR provided by clinical staff.
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Abstract
Aim Although evidence supports brief, frequent CPR training, optimal training intervals have not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare nursing students’ CPR skills (compressions and ventilations) with 4 different spaced training intervals: daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly, each for 4 times in a row. Methods Participants were nursing students (n = 475) in the first year of their prelicensure program in 10 schools of nursing across the United States. They were randomly assigned into the 4 training intervals in each of the schools. Students were trained in CPR on a Laerdal Resusci Anne adult manikin on the Resuscitation Quality Improvement (RQI) mobile simulation station. The outcome measures were quality of compressions and ventilations as measured by the RQI program. Results Although students were all certified in Basic Life Support prior to the study, they were not able to adequately perform compressions and ventilations at pretest. Overall compression scores improved from sessions 1 to 4 in all training intervals (all p < .001), but shorter intervals (daily training) resulted in larger increases in compression scores by session 4. There were similar findings for ventilation skills, but at session 4, both daily and weekly intervals led to better skill performance. Conclusion For students and other novices learning to perform CPR, the opportunity to train on consecutive days or weeks may be beneficial: if learners are aware of specific errors in performance, it may be easier for them to correct performance and refine skills when there is less time in between practice sessions.
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Cheng A, Nadkarni VM, Mancini MB, Hunt EA, Sinz EH, Merchant RM, Donoghue A, Duff JP, Eppich W, Auerbach M, Bigham BL, Blewer AL, Chan PS, Bhanji F. Resuscitation Education Science: Educational Strategies to Improve Outcomes From Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e82-e122. [PMID: 29930020 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formula for survival in resuscitation describes educational efficiency and local implementation as key determinants in survival after cardiac arrest. Current educational offerings in the form of standardized online and face-to-face courses are falling short, with providers demonstrating a decay of skills over time. This translates to suboptimal clinical care and poor survival outcomes from cardiac arrest. In many institutions, guidelines taught in courses are not thoughtfully implemented in the clinical environment. A current synthesis of the evidence supporting best educational and knowledge translation strategies in resuscitation is lacking. In this American Heart Association scientific statement, we provide a review of the literature describing key elements of educational efficiency and local implementation, including mastery learning and deliberate practice, spaced practice, contextual learning, feedback and debriefing, assessment, innovative educational strategies, faculty development, and knowledge translation and implementation. For each topic, we provide suggestions for improving provider performance that may ultimately optimize patient outcomes from cardiac arrest.
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Kose S, Akin S, Mendi O, Goktas S. The effectiveness of basic life support training on nursing students' knowledge and basic life support practices: a non-randomized quasi-experimental study. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2252-2262. [PMID: 31656511 PMCID: PMC6794527 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Provision of up-to-date information and skills training related to basic life support practices is very important for nursing students' professional development and practitioner and education related roles. Objective The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of basic life support training on knowledge and practices among nursing students. Methods A non-randomized quasi-experimental design (One group pre-test-post-test) was used in this study. The study was conducted in the laboratory of an undergraduate nursing school. The sample consisted of a convenience sample of 1st-year students enrolled in the undergraduate nursing class. The study sample consisted of 65 nursing students. Basic life support training included both theoretical and practical components. The students' knowledge and practices were assessed before basic life support training. Data were collected using the knowledge assessment questionnaire. The practical skills for basic life support were observed and assessed using a checklist. The pre- and post-assessment practice scores were compared. Results After basic life support training, level of knowledge and practical skill scores were higher compared to pre-training scores (t= -12.442, p=0.000; t= -22.899, p=0.000). There was a significant and moderate association between the adult basic life support Knowledge Form scores and the adult basic life support practice assessment form scores obtained after the training (r = 0.39, p<0.01). Conclusion The study showed that basic life support training improved knowledge and skills related to basic life support practices in nursing students. Periodic basic life support training is very important for competency in this area among nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selmin Kose
- Biruni University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department Protokol Yolu No:45, 10.Yıl Cd., 34010, Zeytinburnu/Istanbul Turkey
| | - Semiha Akin
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing. Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane, Selimiye Mah. Tıbbiye Cad. No:38, 34668 Üsküdar/Istanbul
| | - Onur Mendi
- Demiroglu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine. Buyukdere Cad. No:120 34394 Esentepe Sisli / Istanbul
| | - Sonay Goktas
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing. Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane, Selimiye Mah. Tıbbiye Cad. No:38, 34668 Üsküdar/Istanbul
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Kim SS, Roh YS. Status of cardiopulmonary resuscitation curricula for nursing students: A questionnaire study. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 18:496-502. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Sun Kim
- College of Nursing; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Sook Roh
- Red Cross College of Nursing; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Korea
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Saramma PP, Raj LS, Dash PK, Sarma PS. Assessment of long-term impact of formal certified cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program among nurses. Indian J Crit Care Med 2016; 20:226-32. [PMID: 27303137 PMCID: PMC4906335 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.180043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care guidelines are periodically renewed and published by the American Heart Association. Formal training programs are conducted based on these guidelines. Despite widespread training CPR is often poorly performed. Hospital educators spend a significant amount of time and money in training health professionals and maintaining basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) skills among them. However, very little data are available in the literature highlighting the long-term impact of these training. AIMS To evaluate the impact of formal certified CPR training program on the knowledge and skill of CPR among nurses, to identify self-reported outcomes of attempted CPR and training needs of nurses. SETTING AND DESIGN Tertiary care hospital, Prospective, repeated-measures design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A series of certified BLS and ACLS training programs were conducted during 2010 and 2011. Written and practical performance tests were done. Final testing was undertaken 3-4 years after training. The sample included all available, willing CPR certified nurses and experience matched CPR noncertified nurses. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED SPSS for Windows version 21.0. RESULTS The majority of the 206 nurses (93 CPR certified and 113 noncertified) were females. There was a statistically significant increase in mean knowledge level and overall performance before and after the formal certified CPR training program (P = 0.000). However, the mean knowledge scores were equivalent among the CPR certified and noncertified nurses, although the certified nurses scored a higher mean score (P = 0.140). CONCLUSIONS Formal certified CPR training program increases CPR knowledge and skill. However, significant long-term effects could not be found. There is a need for regular and periodic recertification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Saramma
- Division of Nursing Education, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - L Suja Raj
- Division of Nursing Service, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P K Dash
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P S Sarma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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An assessment of CPR skills using simulation: Are first responders prepared to save lives? Nurse Educ Pract 2016; 19:58-62. [PMID: 27428694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The American Heart Association's (AHA) recommendation for biyearly recertification and annual mandatory CPR training may be suboptimal for first responders (nurses and technicians) working in outpatient clinics (American Heart Association, 2013). To determine the efficacy of the AHA guidelines, 40 simulated sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) encounters were conducted followed by debriefing and a subsequent SCA to determine a basic level of CPR proficiency. First responders' CPR skills were evaluated using a 19-item assessment form to quantify the event. A comparison of scores using two different viewing modalities was performed to provide an assessment of the training program. Of the 40 sessions, group mean performance scores for the first encounter were just above the organization's minimum required score of 24. Performance scores increased slightly (27-28) after the second encounter. Proficiency of skills was poor and frequent basic life support training may be indicated to help first responders provide high-quality CPR.
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Park S, Parwani A, Macpherson T, Pantanowitz L. Use of a wiki as an interactive teaching tool in pathology residency education: Experience with a genomics, research, and informatics in pathology course. J Pathol Inform 2012; 3:32. [PMID: 23024891 PMCID: PMC3445302 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The need for informatics and genomics training in pathology is critical, yet limited resources for such training are available. In this study we sought to critically test the hypothesis that the incorporation of a wiki (a collaborative writing and publication tool with roots in “Web 2.0”) in a combined informatics and genomics course could both (1) serve as an interactive, collaborative educational resource and reference and (2) actively engage trainees by requiring the creation and sharing of educational materials. Materials and Methods: A 2-week full-time course at our institution covering genomics, research, and pathology informatics (GRIP) was taught by 36 faculty to 18 second- and third-year pathology residents. The course content included didactic lectures and hands-on demonstrations of technology (e.g., whole-slide scanning, telepathology, and statistics software). Attendees were given pre- and posttests. Residents were trained to use wiki technology (MediaWiki) and requested to construct a wiki about the GRIP course by writing comprehensive online review articles on assigned lectures. To gauge effectiveness, pretest and posttest scores for our course were compared with scores from the previous 7 years from the predecessor course (limited to informatics) given at our institution that did not utilize wikis. Results: Residents constructed 59 peer-reviewed collaborative wiki articles. This group showed a 25% improvement (standard deviation 12%) in test scores, which was greater than the 16% delta recorded in the prior 7 years of our predecessor course (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Our use of wiki technology provided a wiki containing high-quality content that will form the basis of future pathology informatics and genomics courses and proved to be an effective teaching tool, as evidenced by the significant rise in our resident posttest scores. Data from this project provide support for the notion that active participation in content creation is an effective mechanism for mastery of content. Future residents taking this course will continue to build on this wiki, keeping content current, and thereby benefit from this collaborative teaching tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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