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Goddard-Eckrich D, Henry BF, Sardana S, Thomas BV, Richer A, Hunt T, Chang M, Johnson K, Gilbert L. Evidence of Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Black Women Under Community Supervision in New York City: A Plea for Culturally Tailored Intimate Partner Violence Interventions. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2022; 3:867-876. [PMID: 36479367 PMCID: PMC9712050 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women involved in the legal system disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV); however, current research does not satisfactorily describe the risk and protective factors associated with IPV among Black women under community supervision. METHODS We conducted a subgroup analysis of Black women (N = 128) using data from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of two IPV screening and prevention programs for women under community supervision. Participants in the original study were randomized into two IPV prevention conditions-computerized or case manager Women Initiating New Goals of Safety (WINGS). In this study, we examine the effects of that study's two conditions on linkage to IPV services and secondary outcomes, specifically among Black participants who experienced physical, sexual, and psychological IPV. RESULTS Both conditions showed significant reductions in days of substance use abstinence over the 3-month period among Black women who experienced sexual or verbal IPV. Participants in the case manager arm were 14 times more likely to receive IPV services in the past 90 days-from baseline to the 3-month follow-up (adjusted odds ratio = 14.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 to 166.51, p = 0.032). Participants in the computerized arm were significantly more likely to report receiving social support from baseline to the 3-month follow-up assessment (regression coefficient [b] = 2.27, 95% CI = 0.43 to 4.11, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Although both conditions showed significant reductions in the number of days of abstinence from substance use among this subgroup of Black women, the findings showed differential effectiveness between the computerized WINGS arm and the case manager WINGS arm in improving social support and linkage to services. These findings may indicate that different modalities of WINGS may work better for specific activities and point to the need for a hybrid format that optimizes the use of distinct modalities for delivering activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Goddard-Eckrich
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandy F. Henry
- Rehabilitation and Human Services, Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, College of Education, Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Srishti Sardana
- Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany V. Thomas
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ariel Richer
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Hunt
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mingway Chang
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen Johnson
- University of Alabama, School of Social Work, Little Hall Room 2005, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
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The causal effect of household chaos on stress and caregiving: An experimental study. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 8:100090. [PMID: 35757675 PMCID: PMC9216699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlational nature of previous studies on household chaos does not allow claims about causal effects of household chaos. The present study used an experimental design to assess the causal effect of household chaos on stress, negative emotions, and caregiving. Ninety-six female students (18–25 years) participated in our study. They took care of an infant simulator in a normal living room (neutral condition), and a chaotic living room (chaos condition), while caregiver sensitivity was observed, operationalized as perceiving, correctly interpreting, and responding accurately and promptly to the infant's signals. Participants reported on their current emotional state, and saliva was collected four times for analysis of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). Results showed that there were no significant time or condition effects on negative emotional state. Yet, sAA levels were higher in the chaos condition compared to the neutral condition. We found no evidence for negative emotional state or sAA mediating the relation between household chaos and caregiver sensitivity. Because household chaos affected physiological stress in a parenting situation, it should not be ignored when using interventions aimed at reducing stress in parents. More research is needed on the effect of reduced (as opposed to increased) levels of household chaos on physiological stress levels in families with young children. Household chaos is causally related to physiological stress in a caregiving context. Household chaos does not affect self-reported negative emotions. No evidence for stress mediating the relation between household chaos and caregiving.
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