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Salomè S, Cambriglia MD, Montesano G, Capasso L, Raimondi F. Congenital Syphilis: A Re-Emerging but Preventable Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:481. [PMID: 38921779 PMCID: PMC11206692 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital syphilis presents a significant global burden, contributing to fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and congenital infection. Despite the target established in 2007 by the World Health Organization (WHO) of fewer than 50 cases per 100,000 live births, the global incidence is on the rise, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Recent data indicate a rate of 473 cases per 100,000 live births, resulting in 661,000 total cases of congenital syphilis, including 355,000 adverse birth outcomes such as early fetal deaths, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, preterm or low-birth-weight births, and infants with clinical congenital syphilis. Alarmingly, only 6% of these adverse outcomes occurred in mothers who were enrolled, screened, and treated. Unlike many neonatal infections, congenital syphilis is preventable through effective antenatal screening and treatment of infected pregnant women. However, despite available screening tools, affordable treatment options, and the integration of prevention programs into antenatal care in various countries, congenital syphilis remains a pressing public health concern worldwide. This review aims to summarize the current epidemiology, transmission, and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy, as well as to explore global efforts to reduce vertical transmission and address the reasons for falling short of the WHO elimination target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Salomè
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (F.R.)
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Stafford IA, Workowski KA, Bachmann LH. Syphilis Complicating Pregnancy and Congenital Syphilis. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:242-253. [PMID: 38231625 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2202762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene A Stafford
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston (I.A.S.); and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University (K.A.W.), and the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - both in Atlanta (K.A.W., L.H.B.)
| | - Kimberly A Workowski
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston (I.A.S.); and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University (K.A.W.), and the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - both in Atlanta (K.A.W., L.H.B.)
| | - Laura H Bachmann
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston (I.A.S.); and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University (K.A.W.), and the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - both in Atlanta (K.A.W., L.H.B.)
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Chaiyabutr C, Nanchaipruek Y, Pochanapan O, Leeyaphan C, Jiamton S. Characteristics of HIV/sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and women in Bangkok, Thailand. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:963-969. [PMID: 36006847 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key HIV target population in Thailand. An important subgroup is men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) as they can sexually transmit infections between individuals with different gender identities. This study compared the sexually transmitted infection risk behavior of different types of men in Thailand. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 839 consecutive male patients who visited an STI clinic in Bangkok, Thailand, between 2014 and 2020. RESULTS Men who have sex with women only (MSWO) predominated (58.0%), followed by men who have sex with men only (MSMO, 32.2%) and MSMW (9.8%). MSMW and MSMO shared similar sexual risk behaviors, such as significantly higher median numbers of sex partners (10 and 8, respectively) than MSWO (5; Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.001). MSMW had the highest prevalence of concurrent sexual partnerships (91.4%), significantly different from MSWO (61.2%) and MSMO (76.7%; chi-squared, p < 0.001). HIV and syphilis prevalence was significantly higher for MSMO (48.9% and 51.1%) and MSMW (42.7% and 48.8%) than MSWO (12.3% and 20.9%; chi-squared, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MSMW exhibited similar sexual risk behavior and high HIV/STI prevalence comparable to MSMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayada Chaiyabutr
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanisorn Nanchaipruek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oraya Pochanapan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charussri Leeyaphan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukhum Jiamton
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang FC, Chang W, Nie SL, Shen BX, He CY, Zhao WC, Liu XY, Lu JT. Predicting medication nonadherence risk in the Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus population - establishment of a new risk nomogram model: a retrospective study. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211042502. [PMID: 34551601 PMCID: PMC8485320 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211042502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the risk factors of medication nonadherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to establish a risk nomogram model. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with T2DM, which were divided into two groups based on their scores on the Morisky Medication Adherence scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors for medication nonadherence. A risk model was then established using a nomogram. The accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated using centrality measurement index and receiver operating characteristic curves. Internal verification was evaluated using bootstrapping validation. Results A total of 338 patients with T2DM who included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that the educational level, monthly per capita income, drug affordability, the number of drugs used, daily doses of drugs and the time spent taking medicine were all independent risk factors for medication nonadherence. Based on these six risk factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the risk of medication nonadherence, which was shown to be very reliable. Bootstrapping validated the nonadherence nomogram model for patients with T2DM. Conclusions This nomogram model could be used to evaluate the risks of drug nonadherence in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Cai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China.,School of Life and Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Song-Liu Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bing-Xiang Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chun-Yuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei-Chen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing-Tao Lu
- School of Life and Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Fernandes LPMR, Souza CL, Oliveira MV. Missed opportunities in treating pregnant women’s sexual partners with syphilis: a systematic review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042021000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to compile studies in the literature that deal with missed opportunities related in treating pregnant women’s partners with syphilis Methods: this is a systematic review from SciELO, PUBMED, Lilacs and BVS databases, using articles published between 2008 and 2018. The research was carried out between April and August 2019 and followed PRISMA guideline recommendation Results: 56,686 titles were identified and 53 were extracted in which addressed aspects related intreating pregnant women’s partners with syphilis. Most studies were National, representing 60.7% of the researched articles. 51% of them used the Sistemas de Informação de Agravos Notificados (SINAN) (Notified Diseases Information System) as a database, followed by the use of Questionnaires / Interviews (33.9%) and consulted patients’ files (15.1%). The factors most associated with the non-treatment of the pregnant women’s partners with syphilis were: structuring /quality in the services from the aspect related to failures in prenatal care, characteristics of pregnant women that interfere in their treatment and aspects related to the cultural particularities that involvemen's healthcare. Conclusion: in all continents, the main aspect related to failures in the treatment of the partners/pregnant women with syphilis is associated with low quality in prenatal care.
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Huang R, Luo G, Duan Q, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Tang W, Smith MK, Li J, Zou H. Using Baidu search index to monitor and predict newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea in China: estimates from a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036098. [PMID: 32209633 PMCID: PMC7202716 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Internet search engine data have been widely used to monitor and predict infectious diseases. Existing studies have found correlations between search data and HIV/AIDS epidemics. We aimed to extend the literature through exploring the feasibility of using search data to monitor and predict the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhoea in China. METHODS This paper used vector autoregressive model to combine the number of newly diagnosed cases with Baidu search index to predict monthly newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhoea in China. The procedures included: (1) keywords selection and filtering; (2) construction of composite search index; (3) modelling with training data from January 2011 to October 2016 and calculating the prediction performance with validation data from November 2016 to October 2017. RESULTS The analysis showed that there was a close correlation between the monthly number of newly diagnosed cases and the composite search index (the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were 0.777 for HIV/AIDS, 0.590 for syphilis and 0.633 for gonorrhoea, p<0.05 for all). The R2 were all more than 85% and the mean absolute percentage errors were less than 11%, showing the good fitting effect and prediction performance of vector autoregressive model in this field. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated the potential feasibility of using Baidu search data to monitor and predict the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhoea in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganfeng Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qibin Duan
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseass, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingpeng Zhang
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project China, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Kumi Smith
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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