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Scheuer CA, Barniak VL, Phatak NR, Rah MJ, Reindel W. Effect of Contact Lens Solutions in Stabilizing the Activity of Tear Lysozyme. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2023; 15:119-127. [PMID: 37205004 PMCID: PMC10187650 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s404261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Interactions between tear proteins and the interfaces of contact lenses can be complex and can influence contact lens wear success. Tear proteins, including lysozyme, function to maintain the balance of ocular surface homeostasis, as evidenced by the effects of its conformation relative to stabilizing the tear film and its potential impact on corneal epithelial cells. Contact lens manufacturers include components in lens care and blister package solutions to help stabilize the tear film and preserve homeostasis. This in vitro study was performed to evaluate the ability of daily disposable contact lens package solutions to stabilize lysozyme and preserve its native conformation under denaturing conditions. Methods Lysozyme was added to contact lens solutions sampled from kalifilcon A, etafilcon A, senofilcon A, narafilcon A, nelfilcon A, verofilcon A, delefilcon A, somofilcon A, and stenfilcon A blister packages, then mixed with the protein denaturant sodium lauryl sulfate. Lysozyme activity was evaluated by adding test solutions to a suspension of Micrococcus luteus. Native lysozyme lyses the Micrococcus luteus cell wall, which decreases suspension turbidity. Stabilization of lysozyme activity was determined by comparing suspension turbidity before and after exposure to test solutions. Results Lysozyme stabilization was 90.7% for kalifilcon A solution, a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS, negative control). No significant improvement was observed with any other contact lens solution (all lysozyme stabilization < 5.00%). Conclusion The representative tear protein lysozyme was significantly more stable in the novel kalifilcon A contact lens solution containing multiple moisturizers and osmoprotectants than in PBS or other daily disposable contact lens solutions. The lysozyme activity assay provides mechanistic evidence that the kalifilcon A contact lens solution can stabilize proteins under conditions that typically denature proteins, which may contribute to maintaining ocular surface homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nitasha R Phatak
- Vision Care, Bausch & Lomb Inc., Rochester, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Nitasha R Phatak, Vision Care, Bausch & Lomb Incorporated, Rochester, NY, USA, Tel +1 585 413-6397, Email
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Mirzapour P, McCanna DJ, Jones L. In vitro analysis of the interaction of tear film inflammatory markers with contemporary contact lens materials. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:101430. [PMID: 33771440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several clinical studies have suggested that reusable silicone hydrogel contact lens materials exhibit a two-times increased rate of corneal infiltrative events compared to reusable hydrogels. One potential factor contributing to this complication relates to the differential uptake of tear film-based pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to use an in vitro assay to investigate whether four pro-inflammatory cytokines differed in their uptake onto six contemporary contact lens materials. METHODS Conventional hydrogel (etafilcon A, omafilcon A) and silicone hydrogel (balafilcon A, comfilcon A, senofilcon A, somofilcon A) contact lens materials were soaked in solutions containing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Samples of the soaking solutions were collected over various time points and analyzed using the Meso Scale Discovery system, which served as a measurement of cytokine uptake onto the contact lens materials. RESULTS Both conventional hydrogels (etafilcon A, omafilcon A) and two of the four silicone hydrogels tested (balafilcon A, comfilcon A), exhibited some uptake of IL-1β, IL-8 or TNF-α (p < 0.05). Senofilcon A and somofilcon A did not exhibit uptake of any of these cytokines (p > 0.05). There was no uptake of IL-6 onto any of the contact lens materials investigated (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The contact lens materials tested did not exhibit any uptake of IL-6 and furthermore, did not exhibit more than 10 ± 3 % to 25 ± 12 % uptake of IL-1β, IL-8 or TNF-α. Numerous factors could contribute to the reported increase in corneal infiltrative events with reusable silicone hydrogel materials, however, based on these results, it appears that uptake of these four cytokines are unlikely to contribute to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mirzapour
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - David J McCanna
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Centre for Eye & Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
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Absorption and Extraction of Inflammatory Mediators From Contact Lens Materials. Eye Contact Lens 2019; 45:340-345. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Korogiannaki M, Jones L, Sheardown H. Impact of a Hyaluronic Acid-Grafted Layer on the Surface Properties of Model Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:950-961. [PMID: 30537839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of high oxygen transmissibility silicone hydrogel lenses ameliorated hypoxia-related complications, making them the most prescribed type of contact lens (CL). Despite the progress made over the last 2 decades to improve their clinical performance, symptoms of ocular dryness and discomfort and a variety of adverse clinical events are still reported. Consequently, the rate of CL wear discontinuation has not been appreciably diminished by their introduction. Aiming to improve the interfacial interactions of silicone hydrogel CLs with the ocular surface, a biomimetic layer of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) (100 kDa) was covalently attached to the surface of model poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate- co-3-methacryloxypropyl-tris-(trimethylsiloxy)silane) (pHEMA- co-TRIS) silicone hydrogel materials via UV-induced thiol-ene "click" chemistry. The surface structural changes after each modification step were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Successful grafting of a homogeneous HA layer to the surface of the model silicone hydrogels was confirmed by the consistent appearance of N (1s) and the significant decrease of the Si (2p) peaks, as determined by low-resolution angle-resolved XPS. The HA-grafted surfaces demonstrated reduced contact angles, dehydration rate, and nonspecific deposition of lysozyme and albumin, while maintaining their optical transparency (>90%). In vitro studies demonstrated that the HA-grafted pHEMA- co-TRIS materials did not show any toxicity to human corneal epithelial cells. These results suggest that surface immobilization of HA via thiol-ene "click" chemistry can be used as a promising surface treatment for silicone hydrogel CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Korogiannaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton L8S 4L8 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science , University of Waterloo , Waterloo N2L 3G1 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton L8S 4L8 , Ontario , Canada
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Depth Profile Assessment of the Early Phase Deposition of Lysozyme on Soft Contact Lens Materials Using a Novel In Vitro Eye Model. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44 Suppl 2:S11-S18. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Omali NB, Subbaraman LN, Heynen M, Ng A, Coles-Brennan C, Fadli Z, Jones L. Surface versus bulk activity of lysozyme deposited on hydrogel contact lens materials in vitro. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2018; 41:329-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Dong Z, Ding X, Li Y, Gan Y, Wang Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Li J. Short-Term Deposition of PM 2.5 Particles on Contact Lens Surfaces: Effect on Oxygen Permeability and Refractive Index. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1102-1107. [PMID: 29787322 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1476552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To identify the deposition of fine (≤2.5 μm diameter) particulate matter (PM) particles (PM2.5) on contact lens surfaces and to investigate the effects of such deposition on the oxygen permeability (OP) and refractive index (RI) of contact lenses. METHODS A total of 36 contact lenses, including rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens and soft contact lens (SCL), were investigated. RGP lens (n=12) and SCL (n=12) (experimental group) were incubated in a PM2.5 solution for 24 h, after which PM2.5-treated RGP lens (n=6) and SCL (n=6) were further washed for 1 h in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All lenses were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. OP and RI of all lenses were measured. RESULTS Average-sized PM2.5 particles deposited on RGP contact lens and SCL surfaces after immersion in the PM2.5 solution were 3.192 ± 1.637 and 2.158 ± 1.187/100 μm2, respectively. On RGP lens surfaces, we observed both large (≥2.5 µm diameter) and small (PM2.5) particles. PM2.5 particles were deposited in diffuse patterns, primarily along the honeycomb structural border of SCL, while no PM2.5 particles were found in the honeycomb hole of SCL surfaces. Washing in PBS removed the larger PM particles from RGP lens surfaces, but left copious amounts of PM2.5 particles. In contrast, nearly all PM particles were removed from SCL surfaces after PBS washing. OP values of RGP lens and SCL appeared to be unchanged by PM2.5 deposition. RI values increased in both RGP lens and SCL groups after PM2.5 deposition. However, these increases were not statistically significant, suggesting that PM2.5 deposition itself does not cause fluctuations in contact lens RI. CONCLUSIONS Deposition of PM2.5 particles on contact lens surfaces varies according to lens material. PM2.5 particles deposited on SCL, but only large particles on RGP surfaces were able to be removed by washing in PBS and did not appear to alter OP and RI of either lens type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhang Dong
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The Seconnd affiliated hospital & Yuying Children's hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Yong Li
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yifeng Gan
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The Seconnd affiliated hospital & Yuying Children's hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- d Shaanxi Medical Device Testing , Xi'an , China
| | - Libin Xu
- d Shaanxi Medical Device Testing , Xi'an , China
| | - Yahong Wang
- e Environmental Monitoring Station of Xi'an , Xi'an , China
| | - Ying Zhou
- f Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated hospital of University of south China , Hengyang , China
| | - Juan Li
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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In Vitro Effect of Lysozyme on Albumin Deposition to Hydrogel Contact Lens Materials. Optom Vis Sci 2017; 94:1047-1051. [PMID: 29040199 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Albumin deposition on contact lenses could be detrimental to contact lens (CL) wear because this may increase the risk of bacterial binding and reduce comfort. Lysozyme deposition on selected lens materials would reduce albumin deposition on lenses. PURPOSE This study aims to determine if lysozyme deposition on CLs could act as a barrier against subsequent albumin adsorption, using an in vitro model. METHODS Six hydrogel CL materials (etafilcon A, polymacon, nelfilcon A, omafilcon A, ocufilcon B, and nesofilcon A) were evaluated. Four CLs of each type were soaked in lysozyme solution for 16 hours at 37°C. Lysozyme-coated lenses were then placed in vials with 1.5 mL of artificial tear solution containing I-labeled albumin for 16 hours at 37°C with shaking. Four uncoated lenses of each type were used as controls. Lenses soaked in radiolabeled albumin were rinsed in a phosphate-buffered saline solution, and radioactive counts were measured directly on lenses using a gamma counter. Albumin uptake on lenses was measured using a calibration curve by plotting radioactive counts versus protein concentration. RESULTS Results are reported as mean ± SD. Lysozyme-coated etafilcon A lenses exhibited lower levels of deposited albumin than uncoated etafilcon A lenses (58 ± 12 vs. 84 ± 5 ng/lens; P < .05). There were no differences in albumin adsorption between control (uncoated) and lysozyme-coated polymacon (105 ± 10 vs. 110 ± 34 ng/lens), nelfilcon A (51 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 20 ng/lens), omafilcon A (90 ± 20 vs. 80 ± 38 ng/lens), ocufilcon B (87 ± 20 vs. 115 ± 50 ng/lens), and nesofilcon A (170 ± 29 vs. 161 ± 10 ng/lens) lens materials (P > .05). Uncoated nesofilcon A lenses deposited the highest amount of albumin when compared with other uncoated lenses (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that lysozyme deposited onto etafilcon A resists the deposition of albumin, which may potentially be beneficial to CL wearers.
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Heynen M, Babaei Omali N, Fadli Z, Coles-Brennan C, Subbaraman LN, Jones L. Selectivity and localization of lysozyme uptake in contemporary hydrogel contact lens materials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1351-1364. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1327751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Heynen
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Negar Babaei Omali
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Zohra Fadli
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Lakshman N. Subbaraman
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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A Review of Techniques to Measure Protein Sorption to Soft Contact Lenses. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43:276-286. [PMID: 28198731 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare and critically evaluate a variety of techniques to measure the quantity and biological activity of protein sorption to contact lenses over short time periods. METHODS A literature review was undertaken investigating the major techniques to measure protein sorption to soft contact lens materials, with specific reference to measuring protein directly on lenses using in situ, ex situ, protein structural, and biological activity techniques. RESULTS The use of in situ techniques to measure protein quantity provides excellent sensitivity, but many are not directly applicable to contact lenses. Many ex situ techniques struggle to measure all sorbed proteins, and these measurements can have significant signal interference from the lens materials themselves. Techniques measuring the secondary and tertiary structures of sorbed proteins have exhibited only limited success. CONCLUSIONS There are a wide variety of techniques to measure both the amount of protein and the biological activity of protein sorbed to soft contact lens materials. To measure the mass of protein sorbed to soft contact lenses (not just thin films) over short time periods, the method of choice should be I radiolabeling. This technique is sensitive enough to measure small amounts of deposited protein, provided steps are taken to limit and measure any interaction of the iodine tracer with the materials. To measure the protein activity over short time periods, the method of choice should be to measure the biological function of sorbed proteins. This may require new methods or adaptations of existing ones.
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