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Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Aghamirsalim M, Yekta A, Mortazavi M, Pourmatin R, Pakbin M, Nabovati P, Khabazkhoob M. Age- and Sex-Standardized Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract and Its Determinants; Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES). Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:554-565. [PMID: 34592897 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1976804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of cataract and its relationship with some determinants in individuals above 60 years. METHODS Of 3792 subjects that were invited, 3310 participated in the study (response rate = 87.31%). All subjects underwent full optometric, slit lamp, and fundoscopic examinations. Then, their lenses were evaluated according to the World Health Organization cataract grading system after pupil dilation. RESULTS Age- and sex-standardized prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) of nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC), any type cataract, and all lens change was 53.09% (49.80 to 56.35), 23.02% (20.87 to 25.32), 5.57% (4.62 to 6.70), 58.78% (55.65 to 61.83), and 72.49% (70.14 to 74.71), respectively. Any type, nuclear, cortical, and PSC cataracts, had a positive association with age and an inverse association with education. Moreover, the prevalence of cortical and PSC cataract had an inverse association with economic status. Among all variables, age was the strongest determinant for cataract and its subtype. CONCLUSION This study found a higher prevalence of cataract compared to some previous studies such that about two-thirds of the geriatric population had cataract in the past or at the time of the study. Considering the association of cataract with variables such as economic status and education level, it seems that training and increased awareness and knowledge of the elderly population regarding the importance of eye care by physicians plays an important role in reducing the burden of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Abbasali Yekta
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mortazavi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rama Pourmatin
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Pakbin
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jee D, Park S. Hyperglycemia and Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia Are Primary Risk Factors for Age-related Cataract, and a Korean-style Balanced Diet has a Negative Association, based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e155. [PMID: 34128595 PMCID: PMC8203849 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cataracts is steadily increasing among the middle-aged and elderly worldwide. We hypothesized that adults aged > 50 years with age-related cataracts (ARCs) have an association with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, and MS has interactions with different dietary patterns and lifestyles that affect ARC risk. We examined the hypothesis using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES; a large-scale hospital-based cohort study), which collected data between 2004-2013. METHODS Participants ≥ 50 years old were classified as cases (1,972 ARC patients) and controls (38,290 healthy controls) based on a diagnosis of cataract by a physician. MS and its components were defined using WHO definitions for Asians. Dietary consumption was evaluated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), which contained 106 foods, and dietary patterns were analyzed by principal component analysis. After adjusting for potential covariates, logistic regression was used to investigate associations between MS and its components and between dietary patterns and a positive cataract history. RESULTS ARC had a positive association with MS after 1.32-fold adjusting for age, sex, residence area, body mass index, and energy intake. Plasma glucose and HbA1c concentrations exhibited an increased ARC risk in the participants with MS by 1.50- and 1.92-fold and without MS by 1.35 and 1.88-fold, respectively. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were negatively associated with ARC risk only in the MS patients, but not without MS. However, blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and serum triglyceride concentrations did not associate with ARC risk regardless of MS. High intake of a Korean-balanced diet (KBD) containing fermented food exhibited a negative association with ARC risk (OR = 0.81) only in the MS group. The fat and coffee intake had a negative association with ARC only in the non-MS group. Current- and former-smokers were positively associated with ARC risk. CONCLUSION Persons who have hyperglycemia and low-HDL-cholesterolemia had increased susceptibility of ARC prevalence. A KBD with a proper amount of fat (≥ 15%) is recommended, and smoking should be prohibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Jee
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
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Muhammad R, Kalambe A, Imam A. Obesity as a risk factor for age-related cataract in a Nigerian population. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_30_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Global and regional prevalence of age-related cataract: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1357-1370. [PMID: 32055021 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to estimate regional and global cataract prevalence, its prevalence in different age groups, and the determinants of heterogeneity and its prevalence. For that, we used international databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and other sources of information to conduct a systematic search for all articles concerning the prevalence of age-related cataract and its types in different age groups. Of the 9922 identified articles, 45 studies with a sample size of 161,947 were included in the analysis, and most of them were from the Office for the Western Pacific Region (19 studies). Age- standardized pooled prevalence estimate (ASPPE) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of any cataract, cortical cataract, nuclear cataract, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract were 17.20% (13.39-21.01), 8.05% (4.79-11.31), 8.22% (4.93-11.52), and 2.24% (1.41-3.07), respectively. Significant effects on heterogeneity were observed for the WHO region in the prevalence of any cataract (b: 6.30; p: 0.005) and study year in the prevalence of nuclear cataract (b: -0.66, p: 0.042). In general, the prevalence of cataract not only varies by region but also by age group, and most cases are over the age of 60 years. We examined the sources of variance in the prevalence of cataract and its different types, and identified age as a responsible factor in the prevalence of any cataract, cortical cataract, nuclear cataract, and PSC of cataract, WHO region in the prevalence of any cataract, and study year in the prevalence of nuclear cataract.
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Nakazawa Y, Ishimori N, Oguchi J, Nagai N, Kimura M, Funakoshi-Tago M, Tamura H. Coffee brew intake can prevent the reduction of lens glutathione and ascorbic acid levels in HFD-fed animals. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1420-1425. [PMID: 30680023 PMCID: PMC6327644 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lens has high concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) to maintain redox activity and prevent cataract formation, which is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is reported to be linked with a higher risk of age-associated cataract. As it was demonstrated previously that coffee consumption improved high-fat diet (HFD) -induced metabolic symptoms, it was hypothesized that coffee intake could delay the onset of obesity related-cataract; however, the effect of coffee consumption on this type of cataract remains unknown. Four-week-old male C57BL/6JJms SLC mice were divided into two groups and were provided ad libitum access to either a control diet (control groups) or a HFD (HFD groups). The control groups and HFD groups were further divided into three or four subgroups for each experiment. Coffee intake markedly reduced the increase in body weight in a roasting-time and concentration-dependent manner. Coffee consumption also prevented the HFD-induced decrease in the concentration of GSH and AsA, and treatment with pyrocatechol or caffeine also restored the reduction of antioxidant compounds. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in HFD groups; however, coffee brew or coffee constituent treatment in the HFD-fed mice group prevented elevation of these levels. Caffeine is a major coffee component and pyrocatechol is generated thought the roasting process. These results revealed that caffeine and pyrocatechol in coffee brew may be the key constituents responsible for preventing the reduction of lens GSH and AsA in HFD-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakazawa
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Nana Ishimori
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Oguchi
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Department of Advanced Design for Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Phaswana-Mafuya N, Peltzer K, Crampin A, Ahame E, Sokhela Z. Prevalence of Self-Reported Diagnosed Cataract and Associated Risk Factors among Elderly South Africans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121523. [PMID: 29211038 PMCID: PMC5750941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper estimates the prevalence of self-reported cataract and associated risk factors among individuals aged ≥50 years in South Africa. Data from a nationally-representative cross-sectional Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) (N = 3646) conducted in South Africa from 2007–2008 was analyzed. The primary outcome was self-reported cataract, and exposures included socio-demographics, self-reported co-morbidities, and behavioral factors. Linearized multivariate logistic regression models were used. The weighted prevalence of self-reported diagnosed cataract was 4.4% (95%CI: 3.4–5.8). Prevalence was greater among individuals with advancing age (10.2%), higher quality of life (QoL) (5.9%), education (5.2%), and wealth (5.8%) than their counterparts. Prevalence was also higher among individuals with depression (17.5%), diabetes (13.3%), hypertension (9.1%), and stroke (8.4%) compared to those without these conditions, with the exception of obesity (4.2%). In the final multivariate model, the odds of self-reported cataract were: 4.14 times higher among people ≥70 years than 50 to 59 year olds (95%CI: 2.28–7.50); 2.48 times higher in urban than rural residents (95%CI: 1.25–4.92); 5.16, 2.99, and 1.97 times higher for individuals with depression (95%CI: 1.92–13.86), hypertension (95%CI: 1.60–5.59), and diabetes (95%CI: 1.07–3.61), compared to those without these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor: Research and Innovation, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
- Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop 0727, South Africa.
| | - Amelia Crampin
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Edmund Ahame
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Research and Engagement, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6001, South Africa.
| | - Zinhle Sokhela
- HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cataract and insufficient vitamin D intake are both increasing worldwide concerns, yet little is known about the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and age-related cataract. We performed this study to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and age-related cataract in adults. METHODS Study participants comprised 16,086 adults aged 40 years or older who had never been diagnosed with or undergone surgery for cataract using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2012. Participants were assessed to have cataract when diagnosed with cortical, nuclear, anterior subcapsular, posterior subcapsular, or mixed cataract. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the magnitude and significance of the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and cataract in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The OR for nuclear cataract with the highest quintile of serum 25(OH)D levels was 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.99) compared to the lowest quintile. A linear trend across quintiles was significant. Natural log-transformed serum 25(OH)D levels were also significantly associated with nuclear cataract (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.95). The opulation-attributable fraction of nuclear cataract due to serum 25(OH)D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) was 8.8% (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of nuclear cataract. Prospective studies investigating the effects of serum 25(OH)D levels on the development of nuclear cataract are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- a Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine , Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics , Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,e Department of Health Convergence , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Mohammadi SF, Afarideh M, Mehrjardi HZ, Mirhadi S. Obesity and Density of the Crystalline Lens: Revisiting a Growing Dilemma. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-8. [PMID: 31988899 PMCID: PMC6945933 DOI: 10.1159/000454979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Obesity is believed to accelerate age-related cataractogenesis through various biomechanisms. On the contrary, there are also studies advocating the protective role of obesity against the cataract formation process. We investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI) as a measure for obesity with crystalline optical lens density and opacity in a healthy adult population. Methods In a cross-sectional setting, 93 consecutive disease-free adult individuals who were working staff of a university-based hospital were assessed for the association between crystalline lens density and opalescence [measured by the objective Pentacam HR lens densitometry and subjective Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS III), respectively] with the degree of obesity as defined by BMI. Results LOCS III and crystalline lens density readings were positively correlated [Spearman rho CC (p value) = 0.224 (0.034)]. However, we found neither LOCS III nor crystalline lens density to be correlated with BMI [Spearman rho CC = -0.008 (p = 0.943) and -0.062 (p = 0.560), respectively]. Conclusions Results from the present study indicate a lack of association between obesity and densitometry of the crystalline in the adult population group. Further studies are required to confirm the order of causality and pathogenesis of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Z Mehrjardi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirhadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yu JM, Yang DQ, Wang H, Xu J, Gao Q, Hu LW, Wang F, Wang Y, Yan QC, Zhang JS, Liu Y. Prevalence and risk factors of lens opacities in rural populations living at two different altitudes in China. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:610-6. [PMID: 27162738 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.04.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for lens opacities in populations living at two different altitudes in China. METHODS A total of 813 subjects aged ≥40y in Lhasa (Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Altitude: 3658 m) and Shaoxing (Zhejiang Province, China. Altitude: 15 m) were underwent eye examinations and interviewed in this cross-sectional study. Participants' lens opacities were graded according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II) and the types of opacities with LOCS II scores ≥2 were determined. Univariate and stepwise logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations of independent risk factors with lens opacities. RESULTS Lens opacities were significantly more prevalent in the high-altitude than in the low-altitude area (χ (2)=10.54, P<0.001). Lens opacities appear to develop earlier in people living at high than at low altitude. The main types of lens opacity in Lhasa and Shaoxing were mixed (23.81%) and cortical (17.87%), respectively. Independent risk factors associated with all lens opacities were age, ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, and educational level. Compared with participants aged 40-49y, the risk of lens opacities increased gradually from 2 to 85 times per 10y [odds ratio (OR)=2.168-84.731, P<0.05). The risk of lens opacities was about two times greater in participants with the highest UV exposure than in those with the lowest exposure (OR=2.606, P=0.001). Educational level was inversely associated with lens opacities; literacy deceased the risk by about 25% compared with illiteracy (OR=0.758, P=0.041). CONCLUSION Old age, higher UV exposure and lower educational level are important risk factors for the development of lens opacities. Lens opacities are more prevalent among high-altitude than low-altitude inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
| | - De-Qi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qi-Chang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
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Park S, Lee EH. Association between metabolic syndrome and age-related cataract. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:804-11. [PMID: 26309883 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.04.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of metabolic syndrome on age-related cataract formation. METHODS We analyzed data for 2852 subjects [41.8% men and 58.2% women; mean (±SD) age, 52.9±13.9y], taken from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by criteria proposed by the Joint Interim Societies. Cataract was diagnosed by using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. The association between metabolic syndrome and cataract was determined using age-adjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, men with metabolic syndrome had a 64% increased risk of nuclear cataract [odds ratio (OR), 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-2.39]. Women with metabolic syndrome had a 56% increased risk of cortical cataract (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.06-2.30). Men and women with metabolic syndrome had a 46% (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01-2.12) and 49% (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.07-2.08) increased risk of any cataract, respectively. The prevalence of nuclear and any cataract significantly increased with an increasing number of disturbed metabolic components in men, and prevalence of all types of cataracts increased in women. Men using hypoglycemic medication had an increased risk of nuclear (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.41-4.86) and any (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.14-4.51) cataract, and women using antidyslipidemia medication had an increased risk of cortical (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.12-4.24) and any (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14-4.26) cataract. CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome and its components, such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose, are associated with age-related cataract formation in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI 02903, USA
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Department of Visual Optics and Graduate School of Health Science, Far East University, Chungbuk 369-700, South Korea
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The Gender-Dependent Association between Obesity and Age-Related Cataracts in Middle-Aged Korean Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124262. [PMID: 25974257 PMCID: PMC4431863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of central and abdominal obesity with the prevalence of cataracts in a middle-aged Korean population. This retrospective cross-sectional study was based on the data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2009, in which 4,914 subjects were examined. Ophthalmological examinations were performed to determine the presence of a nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular cataract. Both general obesity (a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (a waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) were significantly associated with the occurrence of cataracts among middle-aged women [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.69; and aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06–1.85, respectively], while abdominal obesity was significantly inversely associated with the occurrence of cataracts among middle-aged men (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58–1.01; and aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49–0.89, respectively). We report a difference in the association between obesity and the prevalence of cataracts based on gender.
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Wang W, Zhang X. Alcohol intake and the risk of age-related cataracts: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107820. [PMID: 25238065 PMCID: PMC4169623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epidemiologic studies assessing the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related cataracts (ARCs) led to inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was performed to fill this gap. Methods Eligible studies were identified via computer searches and reviewing the reference lists of these obtained articles. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models. Results Seven prospective cohort studies involving a total of 119,706 participants were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that there is no substantial overall increased risk of ARC due to heavy alcohol consumption. The estimated RRs comparing heavy drinkers versus non-drinkers were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.56) for cataract sugery, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.81) for cortical cataracts, 1.26 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.73) for nuclear cataracts, and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.32, 2.61) for posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs), respectively. No significant associations between moderate alcohol consumption and cataracts were observed. The pooled RRs comparing moderate drinkers versus non-drinkers were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.26) for cataract surgery, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.25) for cortical cataracts, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.08) for nuclear cataracts, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.91) for PSCs, respectively. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that there is no substantial overall increased risk of ARC due to alcohol intake. Because of the limited number of studies, the findings from our study must be confirmed in future research via well-designed cohort or intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the longitudinal association of overweight/obesity with age-related cataract. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed and Embase from their inception until June 2013 for prospective data on body mass index categories identical or similar to the World Health Organization-recommended classifications of body weight and age-related cataract including nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with results reported as adjusted relative risks (RRs). RESULTS A total of 163,013 subjects aged 40 to 84 years from six prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Obesity was associated with an increasing risk of nuclear cataract (pooled RR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.25), cortical cataract (pooled RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.66), and PSC cataract (pooled RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.77). Overweight was only associated with an increasing risk of PSC cataract (pooled RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.40). CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal associations of obesity with incident age-related cataract are confirmed by the findings in this six-study meta-analysis. The association of obesity with PSC cataract is stronger than that with nuclear or cortical cataract. Randomized control trials are warranted to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of weight reduction in obese populations to decrease the risk of age-related cataract.
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Howard KP, Klein BEK, Lee KE, Klein R. Measures of body shape and adiposity as related to incidence of age-related eye diseases: observations from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:2592-8. [PMID: 24667857 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of obesity on the incidence of age-related eye disease. METHODS Participants of the Beaver Dam Eye Study were examined every 5 years over a 20-year period (1988-1990 through 2008-2010). Lens and fundus photographs were used to evaluate presence and severity of cataract and macular degeneration. Height and weight were measured at all examinations. Waist and hip circumference were measured at all examinations beginning at the first follow-up (1993-1995). Models of ocular outcomes over 15 years were stratified by sex and smoking status. RESULTS Overall, 2641 participants contributed 5567 person-visits to 15-year incidence analysis. Female nonsmokers had increased risk of late AMD associated with higher body mass index (BMI; hazard ratio [HR] per 2.5 kg/m(2) 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.50, P < 0.001), waist to hip ratio (HR per 0.1 cm/cm 1.95, 95% CI 1.33-2.86, P < 0.001), waist circumference (HR per 5 cm 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.34, P < 0.001), and waist to height ratio (HR per 0.1 cm/cm 1.74, 95% CI 1.31-2.31, P < 0.001). Increased BMI was also associated with early AMD in female nonsmokers (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Female nonsmokers had risk of late AMD associated with increasing measures of greater obesity and increased risk of early AMD associated with greater BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri P Howard
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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16
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Kim TN, Lee JE, Lee EJ, Won JC, Noh JH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim DJ. Prevalence of and factors associated with lens opacities in a Korean adult population with and without diabetes: the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94189. [PMID: 24718421 PMCID: PMC3981769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with lens opacities in a Korean adult population with and without diabetes. Research Design and Methods Among the 11,163 adults (≥19 years old) from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008–2009, the data from laboratory tests, nutritional surveys, and slit-lamp examinations of 10,248 persons (4,397 men, 5,851 women) were examined. Cataract was defined as the presence of any nuclear, cortical, subcapsular, or mixed cataract in at least one eye, using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Results The weighted prevalence of cataracts were 23.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.7–25.4] in a Korean adult population (19–39 years old, 1.8% [1.3–2.5], 40–64 years old, 25.2% [22.5–28.1],≥65 years old, 87.8% [85.4–89.9])and 54.7% [50.1–59.2] in a diabetic population(19–39 years old, 11.6% [4.5–26.5], 40–64 years old, 41.1% [35.4–47.0], ≥65 years old, 88.3% [83.5–91.8]). In a logistic regression analysis, age, myopia, and the presence of diabetes were independent risk factors. For young (age 19–39 years) and middle aged (age 40–65 years) adults with diabetes, the OR of having a lens opacity is 5.04 [1.41–17.98] and 1.47 [1.11–1.94], respectively, as those without diabetes, whereas for adults aged 65 and older, there was no difference in the prevalence of cataract. Conclusions According to these national survey data, ∼ 24% of Korean adults and ∼ 55% of people with diabetes have cataracts. The presence of diabetes was independently associated with cataracts in young and middle aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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