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Argyris PP, Challa B, Satturwar S, VanKoevering KK, Wakely PE. SMARCB1-Deficient Skull Base Chondrosarcoma with 12p Duplication Presenting as Somatic-Type Malignancy Arising from Metastatic Seminoma. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:1. [PMID: 38236556 PMCID: PMC10796880 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Somatic-type malignancy (STM) can occur infrequently within a primary or metastatic testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and is associated with dismal prognosis and survival. STM with chondrosarcomatous features is exceedingly rare and head and neck involvement has not been previously documented. A 39-year-old white man presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Imaging disclosed a 6.9-cm expansile tumor involving the nasal cavity and skull base with intraorbital and intracranial extension. The histopathologic properties of the tumor were compatible with chondrosarcoma, grade II-III. Immunohistochemically, malignant cells were strongly and diffusely positive for S100 and epithelial markers, and showed loss of SMARCB1 expression. IDH1/2 mutations were not detected. Following whole-body PET scan, a 7.0-cm left testicular mass was discovered and diagnosed as seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic cells, stage pT3NXM1b. Extensive retroperitoneal, mediastinal, and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy was also noticed. Histopathologic examination of the left supraclavicular lymph node revealed metastatic seminoma. By FISH, most metastatic nodal seminoma cells harbored 1 to 4 copies of isochromosome 12p, while the chondrosarcoma featured duplication of 12p. Presence of a malignant TGCT with disseminated supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy, the unique immunophenotypic properties of the skull-based chondrosarcoma and lack of IDH1/2 aberrations with gain of 12p strongly support the diagnosis of STM chondrosarcoma arising from metastatic TGCT. The patient did not respond to chemotherapy and succumbed three months after diagnosis. Although exceedingly uncommon, metastasis to the head and neck may occur in patients with TGCT. This case of STM chondrosarcoma demonstrated divergent immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics compared to "typical" examples of head and neck chondrosarcoma. High index of suspicion is advised regarding the diagnosis of lesions that present with otherwise typical histomorphology but unexpected immunohistochemical or molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios P Argyris
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Postle Hall, Room 2191 305 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Bindu Challa
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Swati Satturwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyle K VanKoevering
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio-State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul E Wakely
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Şişli HB, Hayal TB, Şenkal S, Bulut E, Kıratlı B, Asutay AB, Şahin F, Bayrak ÖF, Doğan A. Activation of Wnt Pathway Suppresses Growth of MUG-Chor1 Chordoma Cell Line. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:823-837. [PMID: 37751039 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Chordoma as a malignant bone tumor, occurs along the axial skeleton and does not have an effective therapy. Brachyury, which is a crucial player for the formation of early embryonic notochord, is abundantly found in both sporadic and familial chordoma. During embryonic development, Brachyury expression was reported to be regulated by the Wnt pathway. The objective of the study is to investigate the role of Wnt signaling in a human chordoma cell line in terms of proliferation, survival, and invasiveness. We tried to elucidate the signaling events that regulate Chordoma cancer. In this regard, Wnt pathway was activated or inhibited using various strategies including small molecules, siRNA-based knockdown and overexpression applications. The results indicated the negative regulatory effect of Wnt signaling activity on proliferation and migration capacity of the chordoma cells. It was revealed that when GSK3β was inhibited, the Wnt pathway was activated and negatively regulated T/Bra expression. Activity of the Wnt pathway caused cell cycle arrest, reduced migration potential of the cells, and led to cell death. Therefore, the present study suggests that the Wnt pathway plays a key role in suppressing the proliferation and invasive characteristics of human chordoma cells and has a great potential as a therapeutic target in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Taha Bartu Hayal
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bulut
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Binnur Kıratlı
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ayla Burçin Asutay
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey.
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3
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Franzen J, Soto S, Meier D, Rüttener M, Oevermann A. Epithelial membrane antigen-reactive feline chordoid meningioma in a European wildcat (Felis silvestris). J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:114-117. [PMID: 36791602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most frequent intracranial neoplasm in cats. Here we describe the first case of chordoid meningioma (CM), a rare grade II meningioma subtype, in a 5.5-year-old European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from a Swiss zoo. The wildcat was found dead after a clinical history of neurological signs and clinical suspicion of a carcinoma in the right external ear canal with concurrent chronic otitis. Post-mortem examination revealed a large intracranial, extra-axial and intradural neoplasm that invaded into the right ear canal and had histological features compatible with CM, which has been only reported in humans and dogs. Neoplastic cells expressed vimentin but were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100 and pancytokeratin. Immunohistochemistry revealed epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) expression in neoplastic cells. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first evidence of EMA expression in feline meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Franzen
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Soto
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Meier
- Zyto/Histo Diagnostik, Rorbas-Freienstein, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Jayanthi P, Varun BR, Nripan T, Sreena NS, Joseph AP. Chondrosarcoma of the maxilla in a young female: A case report. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S994-S997. [PMID: 38384100 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1294_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sarcomas of the head and neck region are rare tumors, constituting less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in this area. Approximately 20% of these sarcomas originate from bone or cartilage. Chondrosarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors showing cartilaginous differentiation. These tumors usually show a predilection to the male gender and occur commonly in the older age group. Here, we report a case of chondrosarcoma of the anterior maxilla in a young female.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jayanthi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - B R Varun
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - T Nripan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - N S Sreena
- Dental Hygienist, Great Expressions Dental Center, Florida, United States
| | - Anna P Joseph
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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5
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Vuong HG, Dunn IF. Chondrosarcoma and Chordoma of the Skull Base and Spine: Implication of Tumor Location on Patient Survival. World Neurosurg 2022; 162:e635-e639. [PMID: 35339711 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrosarcoma and chordoma are often grouped together because of their similar anatomic locations, clinical presentations, histopathological and radiological findings, and growth patterns. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and prognostic differences of chondrosarcomas and chordomas of the skull base and spine. METHODS We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to search for patients from 2000 to 2018 with chondrosarcomas and chordomas of the skull base and spine for inclusion in the present study. RESULTS We included 1346 and 1536 cases of chondrosarcoma and chordoma for analysis, respectively. Chondrosarcomas of the cranial base and spine were seen in younger patients and were associated with a larger tumor size compared with chordomas. Among the tumors of the skull base, chondrosarcomas were more common in women, with a male predominance found for chordomas. We also observed a male predilection for both spinal chondrosarcomas and chordomas. Distinct metastatic patterns were found for chondrosarcomas versus chordomas, and spinal chondrosarcomas showed a greater risk of distant metastases at presentation compared with spinal chordomas. Cranial base chondrosarcomas were associated with superior outcomes compared with chordomas. However, we demonstrated an opposite survival pattern for spinal chondrosarcomas and chordomas. CONCLUSIONS Chondrosarcomas and chordomas have divergent clinical manifestations and prognoses depending on the anatomic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Keykhosravi E, Rezaee H, Tavallaii A, Tavassoli A, Maftouh M, Aminzadeh B. A Giant Sacrococcygeal Chordoma: A Case Report. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2022; 10:29-33. [PMID: 35118845 PMCID: PMC8819467 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.10.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacrococcygeal chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor. Although there are tough membranes such as the periosteum and presacral fascia (which resist transgression by the tumors), chordoma usually invades the rectal wall. The serious problem with these tumors is the late diagnosis and its high likelihood to become enlarged. The main treatment options for this tumor is surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Due to the tumor vicinity to important organs such as bladder and its neurovascular structures, it makes surgical excision extremely challenging. The aim of this study is to describe a 50-year-old man with a giant sacrococcygeal mass. The novelty of this case report is the huge and unique size of the tumor which has not reported previously as well the special surgical approaches performed to remove the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Keykhosravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Rezaee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Tavallaii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Tavassoli
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behzad Aminzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pediatric Extraspinal Subcutaneous Sacrococcygeal Myxopapillary Ependymoma: Case Report and Minireview. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:e273-e276. [PMID: 34797808 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 9-year-old girl presented with a slow-growing and painless mass for 7 months in the soft tissue of the sacrococcygeal region. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-circumscribed solid mass located in the subcutaneous soft tissue of the sacrococcygeal area, but not affecting bone structures. The mass was completely removed, and the disorder was diagnosed as myxopapillary ependymoma. In addition, the MYCN gene amplification status of the tumor was evaluated. Extra-axial ependymomas are very rare tumors with a tendency to metastasis, but they are usually regarded as low-grade ependymomas. Long-time surveillance and follow-up are necessary even after complete excision. Besides, we also discuss the diagnosis of primary soft tissue myxopapillary ependymoma.
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Toland A, Huntoon K, Dahiya SM. Meningioma: A Pathology Perspective. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:11-21. [PMID: 33588439 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are dural-based neoplasms that account for ∼37% of all intracranial tumors in the adult population. They can occur anywhere within the central nervous system and have a predilection for females. The World Health Organization classifies meningiomas into 3 grades based on increased risk of recurrence and associated mortality in grade III tumors. Although most tumors are categorized as low-grade, up to ∼15%-20% demonstrate more aggressive behavior. With the long-recognized association with neurofibromatosis type 2 gene mutation, putative driver mutations can be attributed to ∼80% of tumors. Several germline mutations have also been identified in some cases of familial meningiomatosis such as SMARCE1, SUFU, PTEN, and BAP1. Finally, in addition to genetic data, epigenetic alterations, specifically deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, are being increasingly recognized for their prognostic value, potentially adding objectivity to a currently subjective grading scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sonika M Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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9
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Guini M, Khoulali M, Raouzi N, Oulali N, Moufid F. [Extra-axial chordoid meningioma: a case report]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:123. [PMID: 33912293 PMCID: PMC8051272 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.123.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Une découverte fortuite d'une lésion de novo chez une patiente de 45 ans, la tomodensitométrie cérébrale réalisée montre une lésion ptérionale gauche intra-diploïque isodense avec une lyse osseuse, qui se rehausse de façon homogène après injection de produit de contraste, l'imagerie par résonnance magnétique montre une lésion hypointense en T1 et spontanément hyperintense en T2 FLAIR, et se rehausse très fortement après injection de Gadolinium. Une résection complète de la tumeur a été réalisée. Le diagnostic histologique était de méningiome chordoïde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Guini
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Oujda, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Khoulali
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Oujda, Maroc
| | - Nabil Raouzi
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Oujda, Maroc
| | - Noureddine Oulali
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Oujda, Maroc
| | - Fayçal Moufid
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Oujda, Maroc
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10
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New Onset Alacrima as a Presenting Feature of a Skull Base Chondrosarcoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 36:e154-e156. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Chordomas: A review with emphasis on their pathophysiology, pathology, molecular biology, and genetics. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153089. [PMID: 32825957 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas are uncommon, bone, axial, or (rarely) extra-axial tumors that are malignant and frequently recur but less commonly metastasize. They usually affect adults, with a very small proportion being pediatric tumors. For children, such tumors present a different biology, since they are more common as scull rather than sacral tumors, with aggressive histological features, including a loss of SMARCB1/INI1 and a dismal prognosis. Histologically, chordomas, believed to derive from notochordal tissue, characteristically show physaliphorous cells in a myxoid or chondroid matrix. Dedifferentiated and poorly differentiated forms can be observed. Moreover, a grading scale for chordomas has been proposed. Cytokeratin, EMA, S100, and brachyury are expressed by most chordomas. These are chemo-resistant tumors, for which surgical resection and/or radiotherapy are the treatments of choice. In this review, the histological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical data of chordomas are discussed.
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12
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Chen X, Zhang B, Pan S, Sun Q, Bian L. Chordoid Glioma of the Third Ventricle: A Case Report and a Treatment Strategy to This Rare Tumor. Front Oncol 2020; 10:502. [PMID: 32328466 PMCID: PMC7160695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoid glioma (CG) of the third ventricle is a rare type of brain tumor. Here, we present a case, review of the literature and proposed a treatment strategy for this rare tumor. Here, A 33-years-old woman presented with the menstrual disorder and progressive obesity. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large irregularly circular tumor in the third ventricle. The tumor was subtotally resected by microsurgery via the right modified port approach. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Vimentin and transcription termination factor-1 (TTF-1), and the Ki-67 proliferation index was low (5%), which indicating CG. Residual tumor decreased after treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) with a dose of 15 Gy. During 30 months of follow-up, the tumor did not recur, and the patient suffered no complications. The diagnosis of CG requires a combination of clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and pathology. The ideal therapy is gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor. However, GTR is usually difficult and carries a high risk of postoperative complications because of the tumor location. This case indicates that planed subtotal resection followed by GKRS with a proper marginal dose could be a good treatment strategy for CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijian Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery/Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery/Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery/Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Cuevas-González JC, Reyes-Escalera JO, González JL, Sánchez-Romero C, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Reyes-López SY, Tovar Carrillo KL, Donohue Cornejo A. Primary maxillary chondrosarcoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:126-132. [PMID: 31970178 PMCID: PMC6962084 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas of the head and neck region are rare tumors, constituting less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in this area, of which few cases (20%) originate from bone or cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that develops in bone, with a predilection for the pelvis, chest wall, and scapula, and is uncommon in the maxilla and jaw. Although this type of lesion has locally aggressive behavior, destroying the affected bone, it can metastasize when it is not diagnosed early and compromise the patient's life.
CASE SUMMARY On intraoral examination of a 32-year-old female with a tumor in the middle third of the face, a well-defined rise in volume of approximately 3 cm in diameter was observed. Computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed, and we observed that the osteolytic lesion affected the vestibular cortex as the palatal bone. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed an appearance that was similar to mature hyaline cartilage, hypercellularity, nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, and multinucleated cells, with significant vacuolization.
CONCLUSION Determination of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of rare neoplasms in the maxillofacial region, such as chondrosarcomas, allows the pathologist and surgeon to make the appropriate therapeutic decisions, optimizing the patient’s prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cuevas-González
- Stomatology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Jesús Oscar Reyes-Escalera
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico
| | | | - Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- Molecular Pathology Area, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo 10000, Uruguay
| | | | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Stomatology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Karla Lizette Tovar Carrillo
- Stomatology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Donohue Cornejo
- Stomatology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
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Abstract
Meningiomas are a diverse group of neoplasms that exhibit a wide range of morphologies and clinical behavior. They are generally accepted to originate from arachnoid cap cells within the leptomeninges. Classic histologic features include whorl formations, psammoma bodies, nuclear holes, and nuclear pseudoinclusions. Meningiomas are classified as benign, atypical, or anaplastic (grades I, II, or III) based on histologic features including mitotic activity, brain invasion, and presence of other minor criteria. There are numerous histologic variants of meningiomas, and some are associated with worse clinical outcomes and therefore are assigned a higher grade. The majority of meningiomas show diffuse positivity for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen, supporting the dual mesenchymal and epithelial nature of meningothelial cells. The presence of an elevated proliferation index (as measured by Ki-67 immunohistochemical stain) and loss of progesterone receptor expression are associated with the higher grade. Pathologic features including histologic variants, grading criteria, and ancillary tests such as special and immunohistochemical stains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Solomon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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15
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Abstract
RATIONALE Chordoma is a relatively rare tumor that accounts for 1% to 4% of all malignant bone tumors, with an annual incidence of <0.1 per 100,000 people. Although chordoma is aligned with the axis of the spine and most commonly develops in the sacrum, to the best of our knowledge, giant sacrococcygeal chordoma is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS A 61-year-old Chinese man presented with a massive dorsal sacral mass. The patient's primary complaint was that, during the last two months, the mass had been increasing in size and his right lower extremity was uncomfortable while he was sitting, although the discomfort was relieved when he was standing. DIAGNOSES Based on the imaging findings, we suspected that the sacrococcygeal mass was a chordoma, and a postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a sacral chordoma. INTERVENTION The patient underwent extensive open surgery to achieve complete resection of the sacrococcygeal mass. An occlusion balloon catheter was used in the abdominal aorta to minimize intraoperative bleeding and maintain a clear surgical field. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged without complications at 27 days after surgery. The 3-month follow-up revealed that the patient had recovered well, the discomfort in his right lower extremity while standing had completely resolved and that there was no evidence of recurrence. LESSONS The development of chordoma is not associated with clear symptoms, although early diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent invasion of the nearby tissues and organs. Therefore, we believe that surgical treatment of sacral chordoma is effective, although care must be taken to completely remove all residual tumor tissue and reduce the risk of recurrence. Besides, This report adds to our limited understanding of the rare giant sacrococcygeal chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Houyun Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Hucheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Guiping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
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Tian K, Wang L, Wang K, Ma J, Li D, Yang Y, Jia G, Wu Z, Zhang L, Zhang J. Analysis of variants at LGALS3 single nucleotide polymorphism loci in skull base chordoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1312-1320. [PMID: 30061951 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although LGALS3 has been widely studied, the genotypes of the LGALS3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in skull base chordoma (SBC) have been not well defined. The aim of the current study was to analyze two LGALS3 SNP genotypes in patients with SBC. A total of 48 patients with SBC who underwent surgical treatment in Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) and 66 healthy participants were included in the present study. A total of two SNPs (LGALS3+191 C>A and LGALS3 +292 A>C) were selected for sequencing analysis of amplified target fragments from DNA that was extracted from blood samples. The clinical features of the patients were recorded, follow-up was conducted and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0. There were no differences in age and sex between the patients and control group. In addition, there were no significant differences in the distribution of genotypes (P=0.662) and allelic frequencies (P=0.638) at LGALS3+191 C>A between the two groups. However, significant difference was observed in the allelic distributions at LGALS3 +292 A>C between them (P=0.016), and allele A was associated with the occurrence of SBC. The distribution of the genotypes at LGALS3 +292 A>C was not significantly different in the additive model (CC vs. AC vs. AA, P=0.083) but was significantly different in the dominant model (CC+AC vs. AA, P=0.043). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, there were no significant differences in the overall survival and progression analysis between different genotypes at LGALS3 +191 C>A (P=0.168 and P=0.120) in patients with SBC. There was no significant difference in overall survival was observed between the genotypes at +292 A>C (P=0.595). However, the progression-free survival (PFS) time of the CC+AC genotype group was longer compared with the AA genotype group (P<0.001). In the univariate and multivariate analysis of tumor progression, PFS was shorter in the AA genotype group compared with the CC+AC genotype group (P<0.001). The allele A and AA genotype at LGALS3 +292 A>C were observed to be associated with a higher risk of SBC, and the AA genotype at +292 A>C was associated with a shorter PFS time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibing Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Guijun Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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17
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Sacral chordoma : A review of literature. J Orthop 2018; 15:679-684. [PMID: 29881220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor with predilection for the sacrum. A favorable outcome depends on early diagnosis and surgical excision with tumor free margins. Aim To review the incidence and prevalence of sacral chordoma and the appropriate surgical management and formulate a criteria for early diagnosis. Materials and methods Thirty eight articles on the subject of sacral chordoma and extrapolated data of clinical and surgical significance. Results The commonest presenting feature in patients with sacral chordoma was lower back pain which was worse on sitting and up to a third of these patients had associated urinary tract infections, constipation or symptoms of disc herniation. The hallmark of sacral chordoma is lower back pain with poor response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Disease free eradication in chordoma is rare and not without neurological deficit. The common sacral levels involved ie. S2,3 have to be sacrificed to achieve adequate margins4. Whilst wide excision via posterior surgery shows a decrease in recurrence, the overall survival still remains low.
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18
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A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Epithelial Membrane Antigen and NHERF1/EBP50 in the Diagnosis of Ependymomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:71-78. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Owen JH, Komarck CM, Wang AC, Abuzeid WM, Keep RF, McKean EL, Sullivan S, Fan X, Prince MEP. UM-Chor1: establishment and characterization of the first validated clival chordoma cell line. J Neurosurg 2017; 128:701-709. [PMID: 28430034 DOI: 10.3171/2016.10.jns16877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chordomas are rare malignant tumors thought to arise from remnants of the notochord. They can be located anywhere along the axial skeleton but are most commonly found in the clival and sacrococcygeal regions, where the notochord regresses during fetal development. Chordomas are resistant to many current therapies, leaving surgery as the primary method of treatment. Cancer cell lines have been useful for developing new cancer treatments in a laboratory setting that can then be transferred to the clinic, but there are only 4 validated chordoma cell lines available. The objective of this work was to establish chordoma cell lines from surgical tissue in order to expand the library of lines available for laboratory research. METHODS Chordoma tissue from the clivus was processed and sorted by flow cytometry to obtain an isolated population of chordoma cells. These cells were grown in culture and expanded until enough doublings to consider the line established. Identification of a chordoma cell line was made with known markers for chordoma, and the line was observed for ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) subpopulations and tested in serum-free growth conditions as well as in vivo. RESULTS A fifth chordoma cell line, UM-Chor1, was successfully established. This is the first chordoma cell line originating from the clivus. Validation was confirmed by phenotype and positivity for the chordoma markers CD24 and brachyury. The authors also attempted to identify an ALDHhigh cell population in UM-Chor1, UCH1, and UCH2 but did not detect a distinct population. UM-Chor1 cells were able to form spheroids in serum-free culture, were successfully transduced with luciferase, and could be injected parasacrally and grown in NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS The availability of this novel clival chordoma cell line for in vitro and in vivo research provides an opportunity for developments in treatment against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Fan
- 2Neurosurgery, and.,3Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Abstract
Gliomas form a heterogeneous group of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and are traditionally classified based on histologic type and malignancy grade. Most gliomas, the diffuse gliomas, show extensive infiltration in the CNS parenchyma. Diffuse gliomas can be further typed as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or rare mixed oligodendroglial-astrocytic of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (low grade), III (anaplastic), or IV (glioblastoma). Other gliomas generally have a more circumscribed growth pattern, with pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) and ependymal tumors (WHO grade I, II, or III) as the most frequent representatives. This chapter provides an overview of the histology of all glial neoplasms listed in the WHO 2016 classification, including the less frequent "nondiffuse" gliomas and mixed neuronal-glial tumors. For multiple decades the histologic diagnosis of these tumors formed a useful basis for assessment of prognosis and therapeutic management. However, it is now fully clear that information on the molecular underpinnings often allows for a more robust classification of (glial) neoplasms. Indeed, in the WHO 2016 classification, histologic and molecular findings are integrated in the definition of several gliomas. As such, this chapter and Chapter 6 are highly interrelated and neither should be considered in isolation.
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21
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Oh KY, Yoon HJ, Lee JI, Hong SP, Hong SD. Chondrosarcoma of the temporomandibular joint: a case report and review of the literature. Cranio 2016; 34:270-8. [PMID: 26088960 DOI: 10.1179/2151090315y.0000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrosarcoma is the second most common sarcoma arising in the bone, but it rarely involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To date, 30 cases of TMJ chondrosarcoma have been reported in the English literature, and the authors report an additional case arising from a cystic lesion in a 60-year-old female patient. CLINICAL PRESENTATION The clinical and radiological diagnosis of the lesion was initially synovial cyst, and periodic check-ups were done after aspiration of the lesion. After three years, the patient perceived swelling of the lesion, and surgical excision was performed. The final diagnosis was grade I chondrosarcoma. CONCLUSION When clinicians detect a cystic lesion in the radiographic imaging of the TMJ, chondrosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis. In addition, computed tomography (CT) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for the accurate diagnosis and proper preoperative planning in TMJ chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Young Oh
- a Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- a Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- a Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Pyo Hong
- a Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- a Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) expression in chordomas differentiates them from chondrosarcomas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21277. [PMID: 26888362 PMCID: PMC4758046 DOI: 10.1038/srep21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumours with overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics. Our aim was to evaluate the IHC expression of α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR/P504S), β-catenin and E-cadherin in chordomas relative to chondrosarcomas and assess the utility of these markers for differential diagnosis. Methods: Archival sections of 18 chordomas, 19 chondrosarcomas and 10 mature cartilage samples were immunostained and scored for AMACR, β-catenin and E-cadherin and the relative differential capacity of each marker was calculated. In addition, AMACR mRNA level was assessed in 5 chordomas by RT-PCR and evaluated by comparative CT method. Results: AMACR and β-catenin stained 88.9% and 94.1% of the chordomas respectively, 21.1% and 10.5% of the chondrosarcomas correspondingly and none of the mature cartilage samples. E-cadherin stained positively 82.4% of the chordomas, 36.8% of the chondrosarcomas and 42.9% of the mature cartilage cases. Both AMACR and β-catenin showed statistically significant difference between chordomas and chondrosarcomas (p < 0.001 for both), unlike E-cadherin. AMACR was detected at the mRNA level. Conclusions: AMACR is expressed in most of the chordomas but only in a minority of chondrosarcomas. AMACR may serve as IHC marker of chordoma with differentiating ability comparable to that of β-catenin.
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23
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Immunohistochemical Expression of Progesterone Receptors in Nonmeningothelial Central Nervous System Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 25:439-444. [PMID: 26766127 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunostaining of progesterone receptors (PRs) has been described as a prognostic factor related to recurrences in meningiomas. However, its expression in other primary intracranial tumors has been poorly studied. In this paper, we compare the pattern of expression of the receptor in meningiomas with that of nonmeningothelial intracranial tumors to evaluate its value in the diagnosis of the former. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 nonmeningothelial intracranial tumors (21 glioblastomas, 4 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 4 oligodendrogliomas, 1 pilomyxoid astrocytoma, 3 ependymomas, 8 schwannomas, 1 chordoid chordoma) and 32 meningiomas (1 rhabdoid, 1 papillary, 5 atypical, 7 with histologic features of more aggressive behavior, 1 microcyst, 8 meningothelial, 7 transitional, 2 fibroblastic) were studied for PR by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS About 73.8% of the nonmeningothelial tumors and 100% of the meningiomas were positive for the receptor, the difference being statistically significant (P=0.0017). The mean percentage of positive tumor cells per high-power field was frequently higher than 30% in meningiomas and lower than 10% in nonmeningothelial tumors (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although we detected that immunostaining for the PR is more frequently observed in meningiomas, we confirmed its expression in diverse nonmeningothelial primary intracranial tumors. Immunohistochemistry for PR would be useful in the diagnosis of meningioma only when its positivity shows a mean higher than 30% of the positive tumor cells per high-power field.
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Kakkar A, Nambirajan A, Suri V, Sarkar C, Kale SS, Singh M, Sharma MC. Primary Bone Tumors of the Skull: Spectrum of 125 Cases, with Review of Literature. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2016; 77:319-25. [PMID: 27441157 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Primary skull bone tumors, benign or malignant, are rare, and include a vast repertoire of lesions. These tumors are not reported systematically in the literature, with most studies being on individual entities or as single case reports. METHODS Primary bone tumors diagnosed over a period of 12 years were retrieved, histological diagnoses reviewed, and clinical parameters noted. RESULTS We identified 125 primary skull bone tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 32 years (range: 2-65 years). Majority of patients were adults (82.4%); male preponderance was noted (72.8%). Malignant tumors were more frequent than benign tumors. Most common malignant tumor was chordoma (n = 37), while most common benign tumor was osteoma (n = 7). Tumors were most frequently located at the skull base, of which clivus was most common location. Chordomas accounted for majority of clival tumors, while chondrosarcoma predominated at other skull base locations. Benign tumors were extremely rare in skull base. Tumors of the vault bones were infrequent; with chondrosarcoma and osteoma being the most common malignant and benign tumors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest series of primary skull bone tumors from India. Documentation of such a series will aid in approaching differential diagnosis of skull tumors in a systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank S Kale
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Chen X, Li C, Che X, Chen H, Liu Z. Spinal myxopapillary ependymomas: a retrospective clinical and immunohistochemical study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:101-7. [PMID: 26577638 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a rare subtype of ependymoma that develops almost exclusively within the spinal cord. Despite its benign biological nature, MPE has a propensity to recur locally or distantly. Although variables influencing the prognosis, such as age, the extent of surgery and radiotherapy, have been widely discussed, no definitive standard has been established. Compared to other spinal tumors, many fewer histological markers have been elucidated to assist the determination of the prognosis. METHODS Twenty-seven patients who underwent resection of MPE were enrolled. We determined their demographic features, imaging characteristics, clinical presentations and outcomes, surgical procedures and histological properties by chart review, telephone contact, reviewing of surgical notes, pre-/postoperative imaging and immunohistological staining. RESULTS GTR (gross total resection) was achieved in 18 patients (66.7 %) and STR (subtotal resection) in 9 (33.3 %). Although GTR rendered a better disease control rate, the difference was not significant. Pediatric patients suffered from a greater risk of recurrence as well as a shorter period to disease relapse. In the majority of cases, we observed the overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was observed in the tumors of 7 of 23 nonrecurrent patients, but not in any recurrent tumors. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the extent of resection and age are major factors related to tumor recurrence. Therefore, gross total resection is recommended whenever possible unless following neurological dysfunction is predictable. Moreover, pediatric patients need considerable attention after surgery, particularly in the early stages. PDGFRα, MMP2 and MMP14 may be new diagnostic and therapeutic targets and EGFR a potential predictor of improved prognosis for MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Vroobel K, Thway K. Synchronous Sacrococcygeal Myxopapillary Ependymoma and Chordoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2015; 24:48-50. [PMID: 26464159 DOI: 10.1177/1066896915610195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Neelakantan A, Rana A. Benign and malignant diseases of the clivus. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:1295-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Di Ieva A, Laiq S, Nejad R, Schmitz EM, Fathalla H, Karamchandani J, Munoz DG, Cusimano MD. Chordoid meningiomas: Incidence and clinicopathological features of a case series over 18 years. Neuropathology 2014; 35:137-47. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- Department of Surgery; Division of Neurosurgery; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Simin Laiq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Romina Nejad
- Department of Surgery; Division of Neurosurgery; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Erika M. Schmitz
- Department of Surgery; Division of Neurosurgery; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hussein Fathalla
- Department of Surgery; Division of Neurosurgery; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - David G. Munoz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael D. Cusimano
- Department of Surgery; Division of Neurosurgery; St. Michael's Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Yakkioui Y, van Overbeeke JJ, Santegoeds R, van Engeland M, Temel Y. Chordoma: the entity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:655-69. [PMID: 25193090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chordomas are malignant tumors of the axial skeleton, characterized by their locally invasive and slow but aggressive growth. These neoplasms are presumed to be derived from notochordal remnants with a molecular alteration preceding their malignant transformation. As these tumors are most frequently observed on the skull base and sacrum, patients suffering from a chordoma present with debilitating neurological disease, and have an overall 5-year survival rate of 65%. Surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy is the first-choice treatment modality in these patients, since chordomas are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Even so, management of chordomas can be challenging, as chordoma patients often present with recurrent disease. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular events that contribute to the development of chordomas are promising; the most novel finding being the identification of brachyury in the disease process. Here we present an overview of the current paradigms and summarize relevant research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Yakkioui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacobus J van Overbeeke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Santegoeds
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Expression of mesothelioma-related markers in meningiomas: an immunohistochemical study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:968794. [PMID: 24987706 PMCID: PMC4022005 DOI: 10.1155/2014/968794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background. Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors. Recently, histogenetic and phenotypic similarities between meningiomas and mesotheliomas have been proposed. We were interested in whether these similarities are reflected on the immunohistochemical level, which would add new potentially diagnostic markers for meningiomas.
Methods. The expression of mesothelioma-related markers (D2-40, Calretinin, Keratin 5/6, WT1, and Methotheioma-Ab1) was investigated in 87 cases of meningiomas and compared to EMA expression. Results. 73.6% of meningioma cases were grade I, 20.7% were grade II, and 5.7% were grade III. 83.9% of meningioma cases were classical and 16.1% had special nonmeningothelial features. D2-40 was expressed in 37.9% of cases and was significantly restricted to classical meningiomas. Calretinin and WT1 were negative while Keratin 5/6 and Mesothelioma-Ab1 were weakly expressed in classical variants (5.7% and 3.4%, resp.). EMA was consistently expressed in all cases. Its expression was significantly higher than that of mesothelioma-related markers; this held true also when D2-40 expression was considered separately. Conclusions. Mesothelioma-related markers are not extensively expressed in meningiomas, a finding that argues against their proposed histogenetic and phenotypic similarities. Compared to EMA, the significantly lower expression of mesothelioma-related markers and their restricted expression to classical meningioma variants hamper their potential future use as diagnostic markers for meningioma.
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George B, Bresson D, Bouazza S, Froelich S, Mandonnet E, Hamdi S, Orabi M, Polivka M, Cazorla A, Adle-Biassette H, Guichard JP, Duet M, Gayat E, Vallée F, Canova CH, Riet F, Bolle S, Calugaru V, Dendale R, Mazeron JJ, Feuvret L, Boissier E, Vignot S, Puget S, Sainte-Rose C, Beccaria K. [Chordoma]. Neurochirurgie 2014; 60:63-140. [PMID: 24856008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To review in the literature, all the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic data regarding chordomas as well as various notochordal entities: ecchordosis physaliphora, intradural and intraparenchymatous chordomas, benign notochordal cell tumors, parachordomas and extra-axial chordomas. To identify different types of chordomas, including familial forms, associations with tuberous sclerosis, Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome, forms with metastasis and seeding. To assess the recent data regarding molecular biology and progress in targeted therapy. To compare the different types of radiotherapy, especially protontherapy and their therapeutic effects. To review the largest series of chordomas in their different localizations (skull base, sacrum and mobile spine) from the literature. MATERIALS The series of 136 chordomas treated and followed up over 20 years (1972-2012) in the department of neurosurgery at Lariboisière hospital is reviewed. It includes: 58 chordomas of the skull base, 47 of the craniocervical junction, 23 of the cervical spine and 8 from the lombosacral region. Similarly, 31 chordomas in children (less than 18 years of age), observed in the departments of neurosurgery of les Enfants-Malades and Lariboisière hospitals, are presented. They were observed between 1976 and 2010 and were located intracranially (n=22 including 13 with cervical extension), 4 at the craniocervical junction level and 5 in the cervical spine. METHODS In the entire Lariboisière series and in the different groups of localization, different parameters were analyzed: the delay of diagnosis, of follow-up, of occurrence of metastasis, recurrence and death, the number of primary patients and patients referred to us after progression or recurrence and the number of deaths, recurrences and metastases. The influence of the quality of resection (total, subtotal and partial) on the prognosis is also presented. Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves of overall survival and disease free survival were performed in the entire series, including the different groups of localization based on the following 4 parameters: age, primary and secondary patients, quality of resection and protontherapy. In the pediatric series, a similar analysis was carried-out but was limited by the small number of patients in the subgroups. RESULTS In the Lariboisière series, the mean delay of diagnosis is 10 months and the mean follow-up is 80 months in each group. The delay before recurrence, metastasis and death is always better for the skull base chordomas and worse for those of the craniocervical junction, which have similar results to those of the cervical spine. Similar figures were observed as regards the number of deaths, metastases and recurrences. Quality of resection is the major factor of prognosis with 20.5 % of deaths and 28 % of recurrences after total resection as compared to 52.5 % and 47.5 % after subtotal resection. This is still more obvious in the group of skull base chordomas. Adding protontherapy to a total resection can still improve the results but there is no change after subtotal resection. The actuarial curve of overall survival shows a clear cut in the slope with some chordomas having a fast evolution towards recurrence and death in less than 4 years and others having a long survival of sometimes more than 20 years. Also, age has no influence on the prognosis. In primary patients, disease free survival is better than in secondary patients but not in overall survival. Protontherapy only improves the overall survival in the entire series and in the skull base group. Total resection improves both the overall and disease free survival in each group. Finally, the adjunct of protontherapy after total resection is clearly demonstrated. In the pediatric series, the median follow-up is 5.7 years. Overall survival and disease free survival are respectively 63 % and 54.3 %. Factors of prognosis are the histological type (atypical forms), localization (worse for the cervical spine and better for the clivus) and again it will depend on the quality of resection. CONCLUSIONS Many different pathologies derived from the notochord can be observed: some are remnants, some may be precursors of chordomas and some have similar features but are probably not genuine chordomas. To-day, immuno-histological studies should permit to differentiate them from real chordomas. Improving knowledge of molecular biology raises hopes for complementary treatments but to date the quality of surgical resection is still the main factor of prognosis. Complementary protontherapy seems useful, especially in skull base chordomas, which have better overall results than those of the craniocervical junction and of the cervical spine. However, we are still lacking an intrinsic marker of evolution to differentiate the slow growing chordomas with an indolent evolution from aggressive types leading rapidly to recurrence and death on which more aggressive treatments should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B George
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - D Bresson
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Bouazza
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Froelich
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Mandonnet
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Hamdi
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Orabi
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Polivka
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Cazorla
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - H Adle-Biassette
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-P Guichard
- Service de neuroradiologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Duet
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Gayat
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Vallée
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - C-H Canova
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Riet
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Bolle
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - V Calugaru
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - R Dendale
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J-J Mazeron
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - L Feuvret
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Boissier
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Vignot
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Puget
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - C Sainte-Rose
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - K Beccaria
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
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Maguire R, Reavill DR, Maguire P, Jenkins JR. Chondrosarcoma Associated With the Appendicular Skeleton of 2 Domestic Ferrets. J Exot Pet Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hayashi T, Haba R, Kushida Y, Katsuki N, Shibuya S, Kadota K, Matsunaga T, Miyake K, Tamiya T. Pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the pineal region: cytopathological features and differential diagnostic considerations by intraoperative smear preparation. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 43:121-4. [PMID: 24578310 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently identified type of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) with shorter progression-free and overall survival, higher rate of recurrence, and higher risk of leptomeningeal spread compared to pilocytic tumors (WHO grade 2 designation). A case is presented here in which intraoperative imprint smears of a pineal region tumor in a 14-year-old girl revealed cytologic monomorphism, elongated cells with bland nuclei embedded in a myxoid background. The tumor cells possessed uniformly round nuclei with a smooth nuclear outline, fine granular chromatin, and small nucleoli. Slender cytoplasmic fibrillary processes and angiocentric arrangement were observed but Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies were absent. A cytologic diagnosis of PMA of the pineal region was suggested by intraoperative smear preparation. Histology and immunohistochemical results confirmed the final diagnosis. This report shows that smear preparation can be trustworthy for the intraoperative diagnosis of PMA, helping to determine the appropriate neurosurgical procedure and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Jo VY, Hornick JL, Qian X. Utility of brachyury in distinction of chordoma from cytomorphologic mimics in fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42:647-52. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Y. Jo
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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Wang XQ, Mei GH, Zhao L, Li ST, Gong Y, Zhong J, Chen H, Jiang CC. Clinical features and treatment of intracranial chordoid meningioma: a report of 30 cases. Histopathology 2013; 62:1002-17. [PMID: 23617629 DOI: 10.1111/his.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Guang-Hai Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neuropathology; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Cheng-Chuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
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Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34:347-93. [PMID: 22617133 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31823069cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin metastases occur in 0.6%-10.4% of all patients with cancer and represent 2% of all skin tumors. Skin metastases from visceral malignancies are important for dermatologists and dermatopathologists because of their variable clinical appearance and presentation, frequent delay and failure in their diagnosis, relative proportion of different internal malignancies metastasizing to the skin, and impact on morbidity, prognosis, and treatment. Another factor to take into account is that cutaneous metastasis may be the first sign of clinically silent visceral cancer. The relative frequencies of metastatic skin disease tend to correlate with the frequency of the different types of primary cancer in each sex. Thus, women with skin metastases have the following distribution in decreasing order of frequency of primary malignancies: breast, ovary, oral cavity, lung, and large intestine. In men, the distribution is as follows: lung, large intestine, oral cavity, kidney, breast, esophagus, pancreas, stomach, and liver. A wide morphologic spectrum of clinical appearances has been described in cutaneous metastases. This variable clinical morphology included nodules, papules, plaques, tumors, and ulcers. From a histopathologic point of view, there are 4 main morphologic patterns of cutaneous metastases involving the dermis, namely, nodular, infiltrative, diffuse, and intravascular. Generally, cutaneous metastases herald a poor prognosis. The average survival time of patients with skin metastases is a few months. In this article, we review the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies, classify the most common cutaneous metastases, and identify studies that may assist in diagnosing the origin of a cutaneous metastasis.
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Xi S, Zhang Y, Lin S, Liang J, Zeng J, Wu Q. Intraparenchymal Chordoid Meningioma. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20:600-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896912449043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most meningiomas are benign and correspond to World Health Organization grade I, whereas chordoid meningioma is a rare subtype, which is regarded as grade II. This report presents 1 case of intraparenchymal chordoid meningioma. The intraparenchymal chordoid meningioma consisted predominantly of tissue that was histologically similar to chordoma, featuring cords or trabeculae of eosinophilic and often vacuolated cells in an abundant mucoid matrix background. Tumor cells were diffusing positive for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, and focusing positively for progesterone receptor, but showed lack of immunoreactivity with cytokeratin, S-100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Follow-up at 8 months showed no recurrence. Reports about chordoid meningioma are not uncommon, but reports on intraparenchymal lesion are rare. Besides, the result of magnetic resonance imaging in the present case suggested that intraparenchymal chordoid meningioma was a metastasis tumor. This report reminds of the importance of differential diagnosis in the case of intraparenchymal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Xi
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jing Zeng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuliang Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Neurogenic tumors are an uncommon yet important category of soft tissue tumors in children and adolescents because of their frequent association with various genetic syndromes. The heterogeneous cellular composition of the peripheral nerve and the wide metaplastic capacity of the neural crest and its derivatives generate a variety of neoplasms with neurogenic differentiation. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of neurogenic tumors in the first two decades of life, and highlights use of selected ancillary methods for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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McQuitty E, Ro JY, Truong LD, Shen SS, Zhai Q, Ayala AG. Lymphovascular Invasion in Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma: A Study of 22 Cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:635-9. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0463-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) is a known aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. However, the reasons for its aggressiveness remain unclear.
Objective.—To investigate the frequency of lymphovascular invasion in 22 cases of MPUC.
Design.—Consecutive tissue sections were stained with D2-40 and CD34 to highlight lymphovascular channels associated with MPUC. Spaces containing tumor cells were scored as positive for lymphovascular invasion if the staining pattern on immunohistochemistry was distinct and circumferential.
Results.—Of 22 cases, 21 (95%) had lymphovascular invasion on immunohistochemical staining, with 91% lymphatic invasion and 4% vascular invasion. Interestingly, 8 cases were originally signed out as negative for lymphovascular invasion on the basis of hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections; of these, 7 (88%) had focal lymphovascular invasion evident on immunohistochemical staining.
Conclusions.—Our results confirm that micropapillary lacunae are not lymphovascular channels. However, nearly all MPUC tumors (95% in this series) have evidence of lymphovascular invasion by immunohistochemical analysis. Our data support the use of micropapillary features as a morphologic marker for lymphovascular invasion and MPUC as an adverse histologic type of urothelial carcinoma.
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A clinicopathological study of the significance of the proportion of choroid morphology in chordoid meningioma. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:836-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Solitary fibrous tumor of the central nervous system: a 15-year literature survey of 220 cases (August 1996-July 2011). Adv Anat Pathol 2011; 18:356-92. [PMID: 21841406 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0b013e318229c004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the world literature on solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system from August 1996 to July 2011, focusing on both clinicopathological features and diagnostic findings. The anatomical distribution of the 220 cases reported so far reveals that most are intracranial and just over one-fifth are intraspinal. In decreasing frequency, intracranial tumors involve the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments, the pontocerebellar angle, the sellar and parasellar regions, and the cranial nerves. Intraspinal tumors are mainly located in the thoracic and cervical segments. Although most solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system are dural based, a small subset presents as subpial, intraparenchymal, intraventricular, or as tumors involving the nerve rootlets with no dural connection. Preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings suggest meningioma, schwannoma or neurofibroma, hemangiopericytoma, or pituitary tumors. Immunohistochemistry is critical to establish a definitive histopathological diagnosis. Vimentin, CD34, BCL2, and CD99 are the most consistently positive markers. The usual histologic type generally behaves in a benign manner if complete removal is achieved. Recurrence is anticipated when resection is subtotal or when the tumor exhibits atypical histology. The proliferative index as assessed by MIB1 labeling is of prognostic significance. Occasionally, tumors featuring conventional morphology may recur, perhaps because of minimal residual disease left behind during surgical extirpation. Rare extracranial metastases and tumor-related deaths are on record. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Stereotactic and external beam radiation therapy may be indicated for postsurgical tumor remnants and for unresectable recurrences. Long-term active surveillance of the patients is mandatory.
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Fontes R, O'Toole JE. Chordoma of the thoracic spine in an 89-year-old. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011; 21 Suppl 4:S428-32. [PMID: 21866405 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case report and literature review. OBJECTIVE Report the highly unusual presentation of thoracic spine chordoma in an 89-year-old and review existing literature as it impacts treatment in the elderly. Chordomas are infrequent tumors of the spine that commonly present during mid-adulthood at the spheno-occipital or sacrococcygeal junctions. The mobile spine is affected in 10-15% of cases but chordomas are extremely rare in the thoracic spine. Chordoma rarely enters the differential diagnosis of spinal tumors in elderly patients, for whom metastases and multiple myeloma are by far the most common. METHODS A case report is detailed of an 89-year-old male presenting with incapacitating pain and early signs of thoracic myelopathy. A lytic, expanding lesion of the T10 vertebral body with epidural spinal cord compression was identified. In the absence of evidence of other primary tumor, a CT-guided needle biopsy revealed chordoma. A literature review of reported thoracic spine chordomas was also performed. RESULTS An intralesional posterolateral resection and reconstruction was performed with good results and no recurrence at 13 months' follow-up. 30 reports of thoracic spine chordomas were identified in the literature since 1902. Mean age of presentation at 35.7 years is earlier than for most chordomas. The oldest previously reported patient was 68-year-old. Neurological impairment at presentation is rare with the usual presenting symptom being pain. Response to radiation and chemotherapy is limited. 5-year survival rates range from 50 to 60%. CONCLUSION Chordoma is a highly uncommon epidural neoplasm of the thoracic spine and is vanishingly rare in elderly patients. This report documents the oldest reported patient with thoracic spine chordoma at 89-year-old. Their locally aggressive behavior typically prompts consideration of aggressive surgical resection. When tailored to the individual patient, such procedures are feasible without excessive morbidity even in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fontes
- Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison, Suite 1115, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Optic neuropathy associated with proptosis and ocular motility restrictions is suggestive of a compressive etiology. This raises concern for a mass lesion involving the orbit or orbital apex. Meningiomas, which account for 4% of all intraorbital tumors and 20 to 30% of all intracranial tumors, are capable of compressing critical anatomic structures within the orbit or orbital apex, and thereby impairing both afferent and efferent visual function. The purpose of this case report is to present a case of chordoid meningioma associated with compressive optic neuropathy. METHODS A 51-year-old woman presented with clinicopathological features pathognomonic of compressive optic neuropathy and orbital apex syndrome. Radiologic and neuropathologic evaluation revealed a large right anterior temporal atypical meningioma with chordoid features associated with frontal intraparenchymal edema. The therapeutic intervention consisted of orbitozygomatic craniotomy and radiotherapy. RESULTS Postoperatively, the patient progressed very well with considerable improvement of her visual and oculomotor function. The MIB-1 labeling index of 5 to 7% calls for close observation because of an increased probability of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment, because chordoid meningiomas exhibit a more aggressive biological behavior, with the potential to cause significant morbidity because of mass effect and higher risk of recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a rare case of a chordoid meningioma in the anterior temporal lobe that presented as a compressive optic neuropathy. The details of this case are presented with a review of relevant literature.
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Zhao SL, Li Y, Tian XY, Li Z, Huang Q, Li B. Intraparenchymal cystic chordoid meningioma: A case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology 2011; 31:648-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diaz RJ, Cusimano MD. The biological basis for modern treatment of chordoma. J Neurooncol 2011; 104:411-22. [PMID: 21384217 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chordomas are rare malignant tumors arising in bone of the spheno-occiput, sacrum, and vertebral column which can cause neurological deficit. Current management of chordoma involves safe resection followed by radiation therapy. However, surgical resection is often subtotal and chordoma often recurs despite optimal therapy. Despite years of effort, effective adjuvant therapy for denovo, recurrent and metastatic chordoma are absent and 5-year survival is at best 65%. While no chemotherapeutic agent has been demonstrated to be effective against chordoma in vivo, a greater understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of chordoma is opening up avenues of investigation towards the rational development of targeted therapies. Although enthusiasm for the use of already established or new investigational agents will increase with greater understanding of chordoma biology, laboratory studies of these agents are important prior to incorporation into clinical human trials. The authors review the current state of knowledge regarding chordoma and offer insight into potential new therapies for this rare and challenging tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Jose Diaz
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Li DR, Ishikawa T, Zhao D, Michiue T, Quan L, Zhu BL, Maeda H. Unexpected sudden death due to intracranial chordoma: An autopsy case. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 200:e15-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tena-Suck ML, Collado-Ortìz MA, Salinas-Lara C, García-López R, Gelista N, Rembao-Bojorquez D. Chordoid meningioma: a report of ten cases. J Neurooncol 2010; 99:41-8. [PMID: 20094774 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chordoid meningioma is a rare variant of meningioma with histological features resembling those of chordoma. This tumor has a great risk of recurrence and aggressive growth (WHO grade II). This study was done to document the clinical and pathological features of ten patients with chordoid meningioma who submitted to surgery at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City. Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features were examined. The age range was from 30 to 67 years old (mean, 34.2 years). Seven patients were female and three male. The duration of symptoms varied from 3.5 months to 5 years (mean, 14.1 months). No systemic symptoms were noted. The tumor was localized in eight cases in the supratentorial compartments. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by strands and cords of meningothelial cells arranged in a mucinous stroma. Two of the ten tumors showed metaplasic changes, and seven showed brain invasion. Tumor cells demonstrated CK7, EMA and focal S-100 protein and Ep-CAM. Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, GFAP and synaptophysin were negative. The MIB-1 proliferative index was from 6 to 9% (mean 7.8). PCNA Li was 6 to 20% (mean, 14), and microvascular density was 6-16 (mean, 14.5). The mean rate of the MIB-1 labeling index in recurrences was 7.1% versus 6.33% for no tumor recurrence. Chordoid meningioma, World Health Organization grade II, is an uncommon variant of meningioma with a propensity for aggressive behavior and increased likelihood of recurrence. Chordoid meningiomas are predominantly tumors of young adults with a predilection for the supratentorial location. Intraventricular location and absence of systemic manifestations, despite the presence of abundant B-lymphocytes, mast cells and low MIB-1 LI, are some of the interesting findings in the present series that need further study. Hence, a larger number of cases with adequate follow-up data need to be studied further to establish the clinical relevance of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lilia Tena-Suck
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
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Abstract
Skin metastasis is defined as the spread of malignant cells from a primary malignancy to the skin. It is one manifestation of systemic spread of cancer. The tumor cells originate either from an internal malignancy or from a primary skin cancer. This study presents a literature review concerning these issues as well as this author's experience encountered throughout 19 years of surgical pathology and dermatopathology practice. Several conclusions are evident. Generally, skin metastases are encountered in 0.7-9% of all patients with cancer and as such the skin is an uncommon site of metastatic disease when compared to other organs. There is usually a long-time lag between the diagnosis of the primary malignancy and the recognition of the skin metastases. However, these metastases may be the first indication of the clinically silent visceral malignancies. The regional distribution of the skin metastasis, although not always predictable, is related to the location of the primary malignancy and the mechanism of metastatic spread. The relative frequency of skin metastasis correlates with the type of primary cancer, which occurs in each sex. For instance, lung and breast carcinomas are the most common primaries that send skin metastasis in men and women, respectively. The head and neck region and the anterior chest are the areas of greatest predilection in men. The anterior chest wall and the abdomen are the most commonly involved sites in women. Skin metastases usually appear as non-specific groups of discrete firm painless nodules that emerge rapidly without any explanation. They vary in size from so tiny as to be of 'miliary lesions' to as large as 'Hen's egg size'. Some skin metastasis may mimic specific dermatological conditions such as cutaneous cyst, dermatofibroma, pyogenic granuloma, hemangioma, papular eruptions, herpes zoster eruptions, rapidly infiltrating plaques, alopecic patches, cellulitis and erysipelas. Histologically, the skin metastases usually show features reminiscent of the primary malignancy, but with variable degrees of differentiation. Molecularly, skin metastasis is an organized, non-random and organ-selective process orchestrated by interaction among several heterogeneous molecules, which are largely unknown. Metastasis to the skin is often a pre-terminal event that heralds poor outcome.
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