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Zhou N, Gu Q. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of p16 protein aberrant expression in colorectal cancer: A PRISMA-compliant Meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0195. [PMID: 29561443 PMCID: PMC5895319 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have examined the potential role of p16 protein expression as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether p16 protein expression is a prognostic and diagnostic factor for colorectal cancer. Therefore, this meta-analysis is conducted to evaluate the associations of p16 protein expression with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. METHODS According to PRISMA guideline, relevant literatures were identified by searching Medicine, Web of Science, WanFang, and CNKI databases. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from included studies to assess the association between p16 protein expression and OS of patients with colorectal cancer. Other relevant data were extracted to evaluate the correlations of p16 protein expression with risk and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. Stata 12.0 software was applied to calculate the strength of association between p16 protein expression and colorectal cancer. RESULTS Forty-one studies were included to evaluate the association between p16 protein expression and colorectal cancer. Nine studies involving 1731 patients with colorectal cancer found that there was no association between p16 protein expression and OS of colorectal cancer in the overall analysis (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55-1.10). However, p16 protein overexpression was significantly associated with a better prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer when cut-off value of p16 protein expression was <10% (HR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.66). The results of subgroup analysis based on ethnicity indicated that p16 protein overexpression was a risk factor for the occurrence of colorectal cancer in Caucasians (odds ratio = 28.95, 95% CI: 6.08-137.89), but not in Asians. Furthermore, p16 protein overexpression was significantly associated with the Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor location, and Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis-stage of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS p16 protein overexpression might be a useful biomarker to predict the clinicopathological progress and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Helgadottir H, Höiom V, Tuominen R, Nielsen K, Jönsson G, Olsson H, Hansson J. Germline CDKN2A Mutation Status and Survival in Familial Melanoma Cases. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw135. [PMID: 27287845 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in CDKN2A have been associated with increased risk of melanoma and tobacco-related cancers in respiratory and upper digestive tissues. In CDKN2A wild-type (wt) melanoma families, other known high-risk, melanoma-predisposing mutations are rare, and no increased risk has been observed for nonskin cancers in this group. This study is the first to compare survival in germline CDKN2A mutated (mut) and nonmutated melanoma cases. METHODS Melanoma-prone families participating in this study were identified through a nationwide predictive program starting in 1987. Information on cancer diagnoses (types, stages, and dates) and deaths (causes and dates) were obtained through the Swedish Cancer Registry and Cause of Death Registry. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess survival in CDKN2A(mut) (n = 96) and CDKN2A(wt) (n = 377) familial melanoma cases and in matched sporadic melanoma cases (n = 1042). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS When comparing CDKN2A(mut) and CDKN2A(wt) melanoma cases, after adjusting for age, sex, and T classification, CDKN2A(mut) had worse survival than melanoma (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49 to 4.21) and than nonmelanoma cancers (HR = 7.77, 95% CI = 3.65 to 16.51). Compared with matched sporadic cases, CDKN2A(mut) cases had statistically significantly worse survival from both melanoma and nonmelanoma cancers while no differences in survival were seen in CDKN2A(wt) compared with sporadic cases. CONCLUSIONS CDKN2A(mut) cases had statistically significantly worse survival than nonmelanoma cancers and, intriguingly, also from melanoma, compared with melanoma cases with no CDKN2A mutations. Further studies are required to elucidate possible mechanisms behind increased carcinogen susceptibility and the more aggressive melanoma phenotype in CDKN2A mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Helgadottir
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
| | - Kari Nielsen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
| | - Johan Hansson
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (HH, VH, RT, JH); Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital (GJ, HO); Department of Dermatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Helsingborg Hospital (KN)
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CpG methylation of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) and P53 mutation pattern in sporadic colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1707-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Expression and mutation pattern of β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli in colorectal cancer patients. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:54-62. [PMID: 25660336 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS β-Catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are major components of the Wnt pathway. This study aimed to investigate the expression of β-catenin and APC in tumors and lymph nodes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and the mutational spectrum of the genes coding these proteins. METHODS Expression of APC and β-catenin was examined in 124 tumors and 41 lymph nodes. Exon 3 of CTNNB1 and the mutation cluster region (MCR) in exon 15 of the APC gene were screened for mutation by PCR-sequencing. RESULTS Nuclear/cytoplasmic immunostaining of β-catenin was detected in 58.1 and 48.8% in tumors and lymph nodes, respectively. In tumors, abnormal expression of β-catenin correlated with tumor size and with those in lymph nodes. Membranous β-catenin expression occurred in 41.9 and 14.6% of tumors and lymph nodes, respectively. In tumors, lack of membranous β-catenin correlated with high invasiveness and metastatic potential. Positive immunostaining for APC was observed in 2 and 14% of tumors and lymph nodes, respectively. Overexpression in nucleus/cytoplasm and lack of membranous β-catenin significantly correlated with a reduced overall survival. Among 25 tumors, four harbour mutation in Ser33 and Ser47 and overexpress the β-catenin in the nucleus/cytoplasm. Mutations were identified in the APC gene in 13 tumors and six mutations were novel. CONCLUSIONS Positive association between aberrant expression of β-catenin in the nucleus/cytoplasm of tumors and lymph nodes was observed. Nucleus/cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin and loss of membranous expression are related to reduced survival and could serve as a candidate prognostic predictor.
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Loureiro J, Oliva E. The spectrum of cervical glandular neoplasia and issues in differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:453-83. [PMID: 24678677 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0493-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Premalignant and malignant glandular lesions of the cervix are known to often cause diagnostic problems with a variety of benign (more common) as well as other malignant mimics, the latter setting often being represented by secondary involvement by endometrioid endometrial carcinoma especially in small samplings. OBJECTIVE To highlight key histologic features and immunohistochemical markers that may be helpful in the distinction of in situ endocervical carcinoma from benign glandular proliferations, and those that separate different subtypes of invasive endocervical carcinoma, as well as invasive carcinoma from other carcinomas secondarily involving the cervix and nonneoplastic proliferations of the cervix. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and morphologic features as well as immunohistochemistry results should be used in conjunction in the differential diagnosis of glandular proliferations of the cervix, as correct interpretation has major clinical consequences for the patient in most instances (especially benign versus malignant). Immunohistochemical markers should be used as part of a panel of antibodies, as exceptions may occur to the usual pattern of staining, and if used singly, they may mislead the pathologist to establish a wrong diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Loureiro
- From the Department of Pathology, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal (Dr Loureiro); and the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Dr Oliva)
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JIAO FENG, JIN ZILIANG, WANG LEI, WANG LIWEI. Research and clinical applications of molecular biomarkers in gastrointestinal carcinoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2013; 1:819-827. [PMID: 24649035 PMCID: PMC3917016 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma is a common malignant disease worldwide. Its development and progression is a multistage process involving a multifactorial etiology. Although the detailed mechanisms of the development of GI carcinoma remain controversial, the elucidation of its molecular biology over the last few years has resulted in a better perspective on its epidemiology, carcinogenesis and pathogenesis. More significantly, it is currently possible to use biological indicators or biomarkers in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and specific clinical interventions. In this review, we aimed to describe the biomarkers of pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of GI carcinoma and discuss their potential clinical applications. The majority of these biomarkers, such as tumor-associated antigens, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, metastasis-associated genes, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors and microRNAs, are currently broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- FENG JIAO
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - ZILIANG JIN
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LIWEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Polakova Vymetalkova V, Vannucci L, Korenkova V, Prochazka P, Slyskova J, Vodickova L, Rusnakova V, Bielik L, Burocziova M, Rossmann P, Vodicka P. Evaluation of tumor suppressor gene expressions and aberrant methylation in the colon of cancer-induced rats: a pilot study. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5921-9. [PMID: 24065530 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Altered expression and methylation pattern of tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes, in particular involved in mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, frequently occur in primary colorectal (CRC) tumors. However, little is known about (epi)genetic changes of these genes in precancerous and early stages of CRC. The aim of this pilot study was to analyze expression profile and promoter methylation status of important tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes in the early stages of experimentally induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Rats were treated with azoxymethane (AOM), dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) or with their combination, and sacrificed 1 or 4 months post-treatment period. The down-regulation of Apc expression in left colon, detectable in animals treated with DSS-AOM and sacrificed 1 month after the end of treatment, represents most early marker of the experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Significantly reduced gene expressions were also found in 5 out of 7 studied MMR genes (Mlh1, Mlh3, Msh3 Pms1, Pms2), regarding the sequential administration of DSS-AOM at 4 months since the treatment. Strong down-regulation was also discovered for Apc, Apex1, Mgmt and TP53. Tumors developed in rectum-sigmoid region displayed significantly lower Apc and Pms2 expressions. The decreased expression of studied genes was not in any case associated with aberrant methylation of promoter region. Present data suggest that down-regulation of Apc and MMR genes are prerequisite for the development of CRC. In this study we addressed for the first time early functional alterations of tumor suppressor genes with underlying epigenetic mechanisms in experimentally induced CRC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Polakova Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Chen J, Tang H, Wu Z, Zhou C, Jiang T, Xue Y, Huang G, Yan D, Peng Z. Overexpression of RBBP6, alone or combined with mutant TP53, is predictive of poor prognosis in colon cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66524. [PMID: 23799110 PMCID: PMC3684577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and interacts with TP53 in carcinogenesis. However, the clinicopathologic significance of RBBP6 expression in colon cancer is unknown; in particular, the prognostic value of RBBP6 combined with TP53 expression has not been explored. Therefore, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect RBBP6 expression in colon cancer tissues. RBBP6 and TP53 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format, in which the primary colon cancer tissue was paired with noncancerous tissue. Tissue specimens were obtained from 203 patients. We found that RBBP6 was overexpressed in colon tumorous tissues and was significantly associated with clinical stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis, and histologic grade. Further studies revealed that a corresponding correlation between RBBP6 overexpression and mutant TP53 was evident in colon cancer (r = 0.450; P<0.001). RBBP6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Interestingly, patients with tumors that had both RBBP6 overexpression and mutant TP53 protein accumulation relapsed and died within a significantly short period after surgery (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with LNM and patients with both RBBP6- and TP53-positive tumors had extremely poor OS (HR 6.75; 95% CI 2.63–17.35; P<0.001) and DFS (HR 8.08; 95% CI 2.80–23.30; P<0.001). These clinical findings indicate that the assessment of both RBBP6 and mutant TP53 expression will be helpful in predicting colon cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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