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Yang Y, Yao Z, Huo L. The Nf1-Q181X point mutation induces M2 macrophage polarization via the AKT/STAT pathway to promote smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:946. [PMID: 39215899 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased case reports have shown that patients with NF1 have an increased risk of extensive vascular vasculopathy. Previous studies demonstrated the presence of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the neoplastic intima of carotid arteries after injury in Nf1+/- mice. However, whether NF1 gene mutations affect macrophage polarization and macrophage-smooth muscle cell interactions remains to be elucidated. METHODS Scratch assay and transwell assay were utilized to detect cell migration ability. The dye 2',7'dichlorofluorescin diacetate and neutral red stain were used to assess intracellular ROS production and cell phagocytosis function, respectively. Proteins and mRNA expression were determined by western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence. Finally, the macrophage (MAC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) co-culture system was used to detect cellular crosstalk. RESULTS Cell function assays confirmed that the Nf1-Q181X point mutation attenuated the phagocytosis of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and promoted the migration and ROS production of BMDMs. Moreover, we found that the Nf1-Q181X point mutation inhibited M1 but promoted M2 macrophage polarization by down-regulating p38, ERK, and JNK and up-regulating the Akt/STAT3 signaling pathway, respectively. Furthermore, in the MAC-VSMC co-culture system, we demonstrated that Nf1-Q181X point mutation-activated M2 BMDMs promoted proliferation and migration of VSMCs and induced the transformation of VSMCs from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the Nf1-Q181X point mutation can mediate macrophage polarization and promote smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, providing clinical clues for the treatment of NF1-complicated vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhichao Yao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Lirong Huo
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Ardizzone A, Capra AP, Campolo M, Filippone A, Esposito E, Briuglia S. Neurofibromatosis: New Clinical Challenges in the Era of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050940. [PMID: 35625677 PMCID: PMC9138859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases constitute a wide range of disorders thus defined for their low prevalence. However, taken together, rare diseases impact a considerable percentage of the world population, thus representing a public healthcare problem. In particular, neurofibromatoses are autosomal-dominant genetic disorders that include type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), type 2 neurofibromatosis (NF2) and schwannomatosis. Each of the three types is a genetically distinct disease with an unpredictable clinical course and for which there is still no resolutive cure. Therefore, a personalized therapeutic approach directed at improving the symptomatology as well as the search for new pharmacological strategies for the management of neurofibromatosis represents a priority for positive outcomes for affected patients. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected health systems around the world, impacting the provision of medical care and modifying clinical surveillance along with scientific research procedures. COVID-19 significantly worsened exchanges between healthcare personnel and neurofibromatosis patients, precluding continuous clinical monitoring in specialized clinic centers. In this new scenario, our article presents, for the first time, a comprehensive literature review on the clinical challenges for neurofibromatosis clinical care and research during the COVID-19 pandemic health emergency. The review was performed through PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar databases until December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-5208
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Li R, Tang X, Xu C, Guo Y, Qi L, Li S, Ren Q, Jie W, Chen D. Circular RNA NF1-419 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Astroglioma Cells. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2022; 17:162-177. [PMID: 34376137 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210729125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astroglioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Currently, there is no effective treatment for astroglioma. In the present study, the extract (L3) from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) was found to inhibit the growth of astroglioma U87 cells and change the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs). One of these, including the circular NF1-419 (circNF1-419), was of interest because NF1 gene is a classic tumor suppressor gene. OBJECTIVES The functional role of circ-NF1-419 in the inhibition of astroglioma cells remains unknown. This study focuses on the role of circNF1-419 in functional abnormalities of U87 astroglioma cells and aims to elaborate on its regulatory mechanism. METHODS The circNF1-419 overexpressing U87 (U87-NF1-419) cells were constructed. We generated U87-NF1-419 to evaluate the role of circNF1-419 on cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, tumor growth and metabolic regulation. Finally, we used docking screening to identify compounds in G. lucidum extracts that target circ-419. RESULTS U87-NF1-419 can promote cell apoptosis and regulate lipid metabolism through glycerophospholipid metabolism and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Further examinations revealed that the expression of metabolic regulators, such as L-type voltage-operated calcium channels (L-VOCC), phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ3), Mucin1, cationic amino acid transporter 4 (CAT4), cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) and a kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) was inhibited, while phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) was enhanced in U87-NF1-419 cells. In vivo experiments showed that circNF1-419 inhibits tumor growth in BALB/C nude mice, and enhanced AKAP4 and PTDSS1 in tumor tissues. The virtual docking screening results supported that ganosporeric acid A, ganodermatriol, ganoderic acid B and α-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine in L3 could activate circNF1-419 in astroglioma treatment. CONCLUSION This study indicated that circNF1-419 could be a therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of astroglioma. L3 from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) could inhibit astroglioma growth by activating circNF1-419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, No. 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
- Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 269 Fengqiaohu Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocui Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Changqiong Xu
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, No. 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yinrui Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Longkai Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Hunan Yueyang Maternal & Child Health-Care Hospital, No. 693 Baling Middle Road, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyun Ren
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wu Jie
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (Guang Dong Detection Center of Microbiology), Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
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Demir Gündoğan B, Sağcan F, Tuğ Bozdoğan S, Balcı Y, Tuncel Daloğlu F, Çıtak EC. Vandetanib in a Child Affected by Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with Both NF1 and Homozygous RET Proto-oncogen Germ-line Mutations. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:342-346. [PMID: 32702947 PMCID: PMC8388045 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or C-cell hyperplasia are rarely associated with other endocrine tumors or cases with a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. In these patients, mutations were detected in the NF1 gene but no mutations were detected in the RET gene. Although vandetanib has been shown to improve progression-free survival in adults with advanced MTC, data in pediatric patients are limited. Herein, we report the use and outcome of vandetanib in a pediatric MTC case in which NF1 gene and RET proto-oncogen mutation were identified together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatih Sağcan
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Tuğ Bozdoğan
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Balcı
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Elvan Cağlar Çıtak
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Mersin, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
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5
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Barreto-Duarte B, Andrade-Gomes FH, Arriaga MB, Araújo-Pereira M, Cubillos-Angulo JM, Andrade BB. Association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and cerebrovascular diseases in children: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241096. [PMID: 33395412 PMCID: PMC7781472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects one in every 3000 individuals. This disease can present a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from skin abnormalities to severe vascular damage. Although not commonly recognized in the context of NF-1, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), can be often present since childhood and diagnosed just later in life. When present, NF-1-associated CVD clinical manifestations may include headache, cognitive deficits and ultimately aneurysm rupture, causing death. Thus, CVD plays an important role in the clinical manifestations, disease severity and prognosis of patients with NF-1. This systematic review aims to summarize the body of evidence linking NF-1 and CVD in children. METHODS Two independent investigators performed a systematic review on the PubMed and EMBASE search platforms, using the following key terms: "neurofibromatosis type 1", "Von Recklinghausen's disease", "children", "adolescents", "stroke", "Moyamoya disease", "vascular diseases", "cerebrovascular disorders", "aneurysm" and "congenital abnormalities". Studies focused on assessing the development of CVD in children with NF-1 were included. RESULTS Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Twelve different clinical manifestations have been associated with cerebrovascular changes in children with NF-1; 44,5% of diagnosed patients were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that CVDs are related with the progression of NF-1, even in the absence of a clear clinical manifestation. In addition, improved prognosis was observed when imaging tests were performed to screen for cerebrovascular alterations early during the clinical investigation. Early diagnosis of CVD in NF-1 patients foster implementation of timely interventions, directly impacting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BBA); (BBD)
| | | | - María B. Arriaga
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juan Manuel Cubillos-Angulo
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BBA); (BBD)
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6
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Yang K, Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Genetic profile of naïve untreated primary cutaneous melanomas with a negative sentinel lymph node. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:1059-1062. [PMID: 32484959 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is typically offered to patients with primary cutaneous melanomas (PCMs) of ≥ 1 mm depth, but not all SLNs are positive using this cutoff. To ascertain whether positivity is genetically regulated, genetic analysis was performed using an augmented enrichment-based next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing assay in SLN-negative (Group 1, n = 8, mean depth 1.3 mm) and SLN-positive PCMs (controls, Group 2, n = 4, mean depth 1.4 mm). In Group 1, the mean number of mutations was 21 (range 3-48) with the most frequent mutations occurring in NF1 (75%) followed by TP53 (63%), CDKN2A and BRAF (38%), and NRAS (25%), while in Group 2, the ean number of mutations was 9.5 (range 5-18) with mutations in NRAS and BRAF being the most frequent (50%) followed by those in ATM, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and NOTCH1 (25%). Increased frequency of NF1-inactivating mutations in Group 1 provides provocative early data that the presence of NF1 mutations might confer a less aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K S Oh
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - M Mahalingam
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, MA, USA
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Vanni I, Tanda ET, Dalmasso B, Pastorino L, Andreotti V, Bruno W, Boutros A, Spagnolo F, Ghiorzo P. Non-BRAF Mutant Melanoma: Molecular Features and Therapeutical Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:172. [PMID: 32850962 PMCID: PMC7396525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors of the skin, and its incidence is growing worldwide. Historically considered a drug resistant disease, since 2011 the therapeutic landscape of melanoma has radically changed. Indeed, the improved knowledge of the immune system and its interactions with the tumor, and the ever more thorough molecular characterization of the disease, has allowed the development of immunotherapy on the one hand, and molecular target therapies on the other. The increased availability of more performing technologies like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and the availability of increasingly large genetic panels, allows the identification of several potential therapeutic targets. In light of this, numerous clinical and preclinical trials are ongoing, to identify new molecular targets. Here, we review the landscape of mutated non-BRAF skin melanoma, in light of recent data deriving from Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) or Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) studies on melanoma cohorts for which information on the mutation rate of each gene was available, for a total of 10 NGS studies and 992 samples, focusing on available, or in experimentation, targeted therapies beyond those targeting mutated BRAF. Namely, we describe 33 established and candidate driver genes altered with frequency greater than 1.5%, and the current status of targeted therapy for each gene. Only 1.1% of the samples showed no coding mutations, whereas 30% showed at least one mutation in the RAS genes (mostly NRAS) and 70% showed mutations outside of the RAS genes, suggesting potential new roads for targeted therapy. Ongoing clinical trials are available for 33.3% of the most frequently altered genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vanni
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Bruna Dalmasso
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Virginia Andreotti
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Boutros
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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8
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Saggini A, Cerroni L, Casini B, Baciorri F, Cota C. Primary intrafascial desmoplastic melanoma with pseudoglandular differentiation and aberrant cytokeratins expression: An exceptional presentation. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Conjunctival Melanoma: Genetic and Epigenetic Insights of a Distinct Type of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215447. [PMID: 31683701 PMCID: PMC6862213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CjM) is a rare, primary cancer of the ocular region. Genetic and epigenetic characteristics of conjunctival melanoma have not been completely elucidated yet. Conjunctival melanoma presents similarities with cutaneous melanoma, with substantial differences in the biological behavior. We reviewed the genetic and epigenetic insights of CjM involved in invasion and metastatic spread. CjM is commonly characterized by mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), neurofibromin 1 (NF1) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), high expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), frequent phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss and upregulation of specific miRNAs. These features should identify CjM as a distinct subset of melanoma with its own profile, which is more similar to cutaneous melanoma than mucosal melanoma and remarkably different from uveal melanoma.
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Py C, Christinat Y, Kreutzfeldt M, McKee TA, Dietrich PY, Tsantoulis P. Response of NF1-Mutated Melanoma to an MEK Inhibitor. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Py
- All authors: University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yann Christinat
- All authors: University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas A. McKee
- All authors: University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Risk of Recurrence and Malignant Transformation of Mucocutaneous Neurofibromas in NF-1: An Observational Study. Dermatol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6938130. [PMID: 30271432 PMCID: PMC6151241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6938130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2005 to 2010, 20 consecutive patients with fully manifested neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) underwent elective neurofibroma resection at our institution (Departments of Plastic Surgery and of Odontostomatology). Specimens were photographed under optical microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with ultra-high accuracy of detail, including depth of field. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 years and up to a maximum of 12 years, postsurgery. While all nonrecurring lesions showed intense fluorescence, six of the seven lesions with absence of fluorescence under CLSM recurred at a mean of 5.5 years after surgical excision. Among the re-excised lesions, 3 were diagnosed as malignant at the subsequent removal. Despite the limitation of a small cohort, CLSM appears to be a simple and low-cost technique to differentiate forms of neurofibromas with low and high risk of recurrence and malignant degeneration.
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Friedrich RE, Hagel C. Pigmented (melanotic) diffuse neurofibroma of the back in neurofibromatosis type 1. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2018; 7:Doc04. [PMID: 30112270 PMCID: PMC6073164 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a tumor predisposition disease. Multiple neurofibromas are among the characteristic tumors of NF1. The report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a large spinal neurofibroma in a NF1 patient. The tumor showed a striking pigmentation and was diagnosed as pigmented (melanotic) neurofibroma. The distinction between this rare tumor variant and other pigmented tumors, especially malignant melanoma, is of primary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Venugopal A, Chandran M, Eruppakotte N, Kizhakkillach S, Breezevilla SC, Vellingiri B. Monogenic diseases in India. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:23-31. [PMID: 29807575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on monogenic diseases are considered valuable because they give insights and expand our knowledge on gene function and regulation. Despite all the current advancement in science and technology, a deep understanding and knowledge as to why only those particular genes are affected in a disease is still vague. We also lack profound illumination as to why only certain mutations are seen in a disease. Though useful from a research perspective, a majority of these diseases are lethal resulting in death of the affected individual. Unfortunately, in the fast - growing land of India, the incidence of monogenic diseases is very high with few counter-measures in place. This article encompasses a list of all monogenic diseases ever to be reported in India with special focus on five diseases which has been stated to have the highest incidence in India. Here, we discuss about the limited research carried out in India on these high incidence monogenic diseases, the other diseases related to those genes, the range of treatments available for these diseases in India in contrast to its availability around the world and the need to develop treatment strategies to reduce the mortality and morbidity due to these rare but daunting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Venugopal
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Manojkumar Chandran
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nimmisha Eruppakotte
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumya Kizhakkillach
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanuj C Breezevilla
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Cherthala, 688582, Kerala, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Marcrom S, De Los Santos JF, Conry RM. Complete response of mediastinal clear cell sarcoma to pembrolizumab with radiotherapy. Clin Sarcoma Res 2017; 7:14. [PMID: 28725344 PMCID: PMC5513342 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-017-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma thought to derive from neural crest and characterized by a 12;22 translocation. The resulting fusion protein directly activates expression of the melanocyte master transcription factor and drives the same down-stream pathways in CCS and melanoma leading to significant clinical parallels between these malignancies. Striking success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma has promoted interest in immunotherapy of CCS. Case presentation We report the first complete clinical response of a bulky chest wall recurrence of mediastinal CCS in a young woman to anti-PD1 checkpoint blockade with pembrolizumab combined with standard fractionation radiotherapy to enhance regional control and potentially boost the systemic immune response. The treatment was well tolerated with grade 2 skin toxicity within the range expected with radiation alone. Significant reduction in tumor bulk occurred after only 2 radiation fractions and complete response was achieved at 50 Gray. Conclusion The complete clinical response observed in our patient suggests synergy between concurrent radiotherapy and PD1 blockade in CCS. This case and the striking parallels between CCS and melanoma indicate the need for prospective trials of immune checkpoint blockade combined with radiotherapy in this rare malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Marcrom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2145 Bonner Way, Birmingham, AL 35243 USA
| | - Jennifer F De Los Santos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2145 Bonner Way, Birmingham, AL 35243 USA
| | - Robert M Conry
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2145 Bonner Way, Birmingham, AL 35243 USA
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15
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Lobmaier I, Bjerkehagen B, Heim S. Identification of SETD2-NF1 fusion gene in a pediatric spindle cell tumor with the chromosomal translocation t(3;17)(p21;q12). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3181-3188. [PMID: 28498454 PMCID: PMC5442398 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell tumors are clinically heterogeneous but morphologically similar neoplasms. The term refers to the tumor cells' long and slender microscopic appearance. Distinct subgroups of spindle cell tumors are characterized by chromosomal translocations and also fusion genes. Other spindle cell tumors exist that have not yet been found to have characteristic, let alone pathognomonic, genetic or pathogenetic features. Continuous examination of spindle cell tumors is likely to reveal other subgroups that may, in the future, be seen to correspond to meaningful clinical differences and may even be therapeutically decisive. We analyzed genetically a pediatric spindle cell tumor. Karyotyping showed the tumor cells to carry a t(3;17)(p21;q12) chromosomal translocation whereas RNA sequencing identified a SETD2-NF1 fusion gene caused by the translocation. RT-PCR together with Sanger sequencing verified the presence of the above-mentioned fusion transcript. Interphase FISH analysis confirmed the existence of the chimeric gene and showed that there was no reciprocal fusion. The fusion transcript codes for a protein in which the last 114 amino acids of SETD2, i.e., the entire Set2 Rpb1 interacting (SRI) domain of SETD2, are replaced by 30 amino acids encoded by the NF1 sequence. The result would be similar to that seen with truncating SETD2 mutations in leukemias. Absence of the SRI domain would result in inability to recruit SETD2 to its target gene locus through binding to the phosphor-C-terminal repeat domain of elongating RNA polymerase II and may affect H3K36 methylation. Alternatively, loss of one of two functional SETD2 alleles might be the crucial tumorigenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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