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Fischer BM, Kessler M, Braus BK. Eyelid and conjunctival mast cell tumors: A retrospective study of 26 dogs and 8 cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:256-265. [PMID: 37902116 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe clinical and histologic characteristics of eyelid (LMCT) and conjunctival (CMCT) mast cell tumors in dogs and cats presented to a referral clinic in Germany. ANIMAL STUDIED Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats diagnosed with LMCTs or CMCTs between 2006 and 2020. RESULTS LMCT were diagnosed in 31 patients and were cutaneous (n = 28; 20 dogs and 8 cats) or subcutaneous (three dogs). Five cases involved the mucocutaneous junction (four dogs, one cat). CMCTs occurred only in dogs (n = 3). At the time of presentation two of the four canine LMCT cases involving the mucocutaneous junction had metastasized to a mandibular lymph node. When applying the Kiupel system, both these cases were categorized as high grade. 85.7% (18/21) of the canine (19 cutaneous and 2 subcutaneous) LMCT and all CMCT cases were categorized as Kiupel low grade. No local recurrences occurred in all LMCT cases in which clean surgical margins were obtained (n = 18, mean surgical margin width: dogs 9.4 mm, cats 3.8 mm). Two cats (2/4) and four dogs (4/7) with questionable or incomplete surgical margins experienced local recurrences (mean time to recurrence of 180 and 637 days in dogs and cats, respectively). CONCLUSION Recurrence of low-grade LMCTs and CMCTs following excision with clean margins is rare. Tumors involving the mucocutaneous junction may be of higher grade and prone to lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta M Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
| | - Martin Kessler
- Department of Oncology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
| | - Barbara K Braus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Hesse, Germany
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2
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Narnoli P, Tripathy D. Lymphangiectasia hemorrhagica conjunctivae (LHC). Orbit 2023; 42:661-662. [PMID: 34678111 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2021.1985526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashansa Narnoli
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, MTC Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Devjyoti Tripathy
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Services, MTC Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
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3
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Wang Y, Li X, Gu S, Fu J. Characterization of dysbiosis of the conjunctival microbiome and nasal microbiome associated with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1079154. [PMID: 37020561 PMCID: PMC10068870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1079154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are prevalent allergic diseases. People are becoming increasingly aware of the impact of microbial disorders on host immunity and allergic diseases. Studies have demonstrated an association between allergic diseases and the microbiome, but much remains unknown. We assessed changes in the conjunctival microbiome and nasal microbiome in patients with ARC or AR. Methods Conjunctival swabs and nasal swabs were collected from each participant for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bacterial communities were analyzed. Results Forty patients with ARC, 20 patients suffering from AR, and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. This study found the abundance of conjunctival microbiome in patients with ARC or AR was significantly lower than that in HCs. The diversity of conjunctival microbiome in patients with AR was significantly lower than those in the other two groups. There is no significant difference in abundance of nasal microbiome between the three groups. The diversities of nasal microbiome in patients with ARC or AR were significantly lower than that in HCs. We found significant differences in microbiota compositions in patients with ARC or AR compared with those in HCs. However, no significant difference in microbiota compositions was found between patients with ARC and patients with AR. Microbiome functions in the ARC group and AR group were also altered compared with HCs. Conclusions We revealed changes in the composition and function of the conjunctival microbiome and nasal microbiome of patients with ARC or AR, which suggests that there is a relationship between allergic conditions and the local microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Li,
| | - Shuntong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
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4
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Zieglmayer P, Zieglmayer R, Lemell P. Allergen challenge tests in allergen immunotherapy: State of the art. Allergol Select 2023; 7:25-32. [PMID: 36925996 DOI: 10.5414/ALX02322E] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment effects in allergen immunotherapy (AIT) studies are based on symptomatic improvement, and evaluations of naturally exposed patients do often show weak efficacy. Allergen challenge tests, such as conjunctival (CAC), nasal (NAC), or bronchial (BAC) challenge tests, or challenges in allergen exposure chambers (AEC) are accepted by regulators for AIT phase II studies only. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review aims to describe different allergen challenge test methods, summarizes safety and limitations for each, and discusses their potential for use in AIT trials. RESULTS Organ-specific allergen challenges provide information about individual reactivity, reaction threshold, and organ-specific efficacy of AIT. AECs, targeting all affected organs simultaneously, were developed to investigate disease mechanisms and treatment effects under controlled and reproducible conditions. CONCLUSION A high level of standardization is existing for NAC only; in CAC and BAC, the toolbox is limited to subjective symptom scoring with no validated objective parameters identified yet. AECs are complex and heterogenous; correlation of systems and comparability of study data is claimed. All challenge methods are safe when conducted by experienced staff.
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5
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LeBlanc RE, Miller DM, Zegans ME. PRAME immunohistochemistry is useful in the evaluation of conjunctival melanomas, nevi, and primary acquired melanosis. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:1442-1448. [PMID: 34089198 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many dermatopathologists find conjunctival melanocytic proliferations challenging because they are rare relative to their cutaneous counterparts and have nuanced morphology and nomenclature. PRAME immunohistochemistry has been widely adopted for distinguishing cutaneous nevi from melanoma, but limited data exist assessing its utility in evaluating conjunctival specimens. In particular, it is uncertain whether it can predict the risk of melanoma progression in primary acquired melanosis (PAM). METHODS Thirty clinically annotated cases (two melanomas, three PAM with atypia, seven PAM without atypia, 15 nevi, two combined nevi, and a diagnostically challenging nevus with atypical features) were retrospectively evaluated with PRAME. RESULTS Strong, diffuse PRAME expression was present in melanomas and PAM with high-grade atypia, but not in PAM with low-grade atypia, PAM without atypia, or nevi. Scattered, faintly PRAME-positive intraepithelial melanocyte nuclei were identified in six nevi. A clonal nevus and nests of heavily pigmented type-A melanocytes in two additional nevi had cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS PRAME was useful for distinguishing melanoma and its probable precursors from benign conjunctival melanocytic proliferations in our cohort. The data alert us to two diagnostic pitfalls in nevi: scattered, PRAME-positive intraepithelial melanocytes and cytoplasmic PRAME staining in type-A melanocytes and melanophages. Larger scale investigations are warranted to further substantiate these promising findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Donald M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Michael E Zegans
- Department of Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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6
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Kocamış Ö, Örnek K, Aşıkgarip N, Hızmalı L, Sezgin FM, Şahin Y. Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal and Conjunctival Swab Samples of Hospitalised Patients with Confirmed COVID-19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:634-637. [PMID: 33661070 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1838558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the results of conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swab tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19. METHODS This prospective study included 45 patients who were hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from the patients before hospitalization. Only one eye of each patient was randomly selected for-conjunctival sampling. All participants underwent a complete slit-lamp examination. Conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed by reversetranscriptase-polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Twenty seven (60%) of the patients were male and 18 (40%) were female. Conjunctival swab was positive in only one (2.22%) patient. None of the COVID-19 patients showed ocular changes and symptoms. There were no abnormalities of the ocular surface, anterior chamber or posterior segment at slit-lamp examination. CONCLUSIONS The RT-PCR was not high positive in the conjunctiva as in nasopharyngeal swabs. Ocular changes were not common in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan Kocamış
- Department of Opthalmology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Örnek
- Department of Opthalmology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Nazife Aşıkgarip
- Department of Opthalmology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Training and Research Hospital, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Lokman Hızmalı
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Milletli Sezgin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Yahya Şahin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
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7
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Ruiz-Arranz C, Mencía-Gutiérrez E, Bengoa-González Á, Pérez-Trigo S, Gutiérrez-Díaz E. Orbital- Conjunctival-Eyelid Hemorrhage-Hematoma due to Inappropriate use of FFP2/NK95 Facial Mask in COVID-19. Cureus 2020; 12:e11273. [PMID: 33274148 PMCID: PMC7707917 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-traumatic or spontaneous orbital hemorrhage (NTOH) is usually caused by the presence of an orbital mass, an inflammation, an infection, a bleeding disorder or those called idiopathic. This entity usually affects elderly adults and some risk factors can be identified. The NTOH normally acts like a benign and self-limited process, but attending to its anatomical pattern, may need specific management. A 64-year-old male referred to us with sudden binocular double vision, without loss of visual acuity (VA) or pain immediately after fitting the FFP2/NK95 facial mask for air protection during the pandemic COVID-19. He presented sudden orbital-subconjunctival-eyelid cutaneous hemorrhage-hematoma with conjunctival protrusion from the palpebral fissure without proptosis. There was also limitation in adduction and a cutaneous hematoma in the inner third of the lower eyelid. After 48 hours, the diplopia had resolved and ocular motility was completely re-established with persistence of a massive hyposphagma. No radiological image test was performed due to the COVID-19 epidemiological situation, as the patient was in good systemic situation and it was not a vital emergency. The evolution was favorable with conservative treatment, cold application, and moisturizing eye drops. After 10 days, the bruising was almost completely gone. During the ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel enveloped RNA virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), face mask use has drastically increased among the healthcare professionals and the general population. The importance of this case lies in the new adverse effects caused by the misuse of mandatory face masks in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Ruiz-Arranz
- Ophthalmology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, ESP
| | | | | | - Silvia Pérez-Trigo
- Ophthalmology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, ESP
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of OphthalmologyYichang Central People's HospitalThe first college of Clinical Medical ScienceChina Three Gorges UniversityYichangP. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of OphthalmologyYichang Central People's HospitalThe first college of Clinical Medical ScienceChina Three Gorges UniversityYichangP. R. China
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9
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Bansal S, Das S. Intralesional bleomycin: A treatment modality for conjunctival lymphangioma. Oman J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:43-45. [PMID: 32174741 PMCID: PMC7050451 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_44_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioma is a benign hamartomatous lesion of vascular system which frequently involves orbit and ocular adnexa. A 35-year-old male patient presented with a subconjunctival mass extending from limbus to fornices. There was a history of recurrent swellings following episodes of upper respiratory tract infection. Bleomycin is an antineoplastic agent which acts on endothelial cells of the vascular channels, helps in collapsing the cystic cavity, and prevents its recurrence. We report a case where only bleomycin injection has been used intralesionally at multiple spots and patients have shown good cosmetic outcome without any recurrence noted after 1 year of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Bansal
- Department of Oculoplasty, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sima Das
- Department of Oculoplasty, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
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10
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Malik R, English J, Hardy TG. Paediatric orbital conjunctival epithelial cyst with positive asialotransferrin. Orbit 2019; 39:426-432. [PMID: 31856620 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2019.1694044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival orbital cysts are rare; they are typically either conjunctival dermoid or conjunctival epithelial cysts - congenital or acquired (inclusion). We describe the case of a 15-month-old girl presenting with strabismus and proptosis who had a retrobulbar intraconal cystic lesion displacing the optic nerve, with an adjacent middle cranial fossa anomaly. Aspiration of the orbital cyst tested positive for asialotransferrin, raising the suspicion of a direct communication with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Subsequent fine cut CT scanning disproved any connection with the intracranial space, and the cyst was excised complete and intact. Histopathology showed a conjunctival epithelial cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of an asialotransferrin positive pediatric orbital conjunctival epithelial cyst. It is of clinical relevance as it explores the possibility of either a false positive asialotransferrin or potentially a prior developmental communication with the subarachnoid space. These two diagnostic possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukaiya Malik
- Department of Paediatrics, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James English
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas G Hardy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital , East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Rossi E, Schinzari G, Maiorano BA, Pagliara MM, Di Stefani A, Bria E, Peris K, Blasi MA, Tortora G. Conjunctival Melanoma: Genetic and Epigenetic Insights of a Distinct Type of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5447. [PMID: 31683701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CjM) is a rare, primary cancer of the ocular region. Genetic and epigenetic characteristics of conjunctival melanoma have not been completely elucidated yet. Conjunctival melanoma presents similarities with cutaneous melanoma, with substantial differences in the biological behavior. We reviewed the genetic and epigenetic insights of CjM involved in invasion and metastatic spread. CjM is commonly characterized by mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), neurofibromin 1 (NF1) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), high expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), frequent phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss and upregulation of specific miRNAs. These features should identify CjM as a distinct subset of melanoma with its own profile, which is more similar to cutaneous melanoma than mucosal melanoma and remarkably different from uveal melanoma.
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12
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Rossi E, Maiorano BA, Pagliara MM, Sammarco MG, Dosa T, Martini M, Rindi G, Bria E, Blasi MA, Tortora G, Schinzari G. Dabrafenib and Trametinib in BRAF Mutant Metastatic Conjunctival Melanoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:232. [PMID: 31024839 PMCID: PMC6460374 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare primary ocular tumor. So far, no standard treatment exists for metastatic disease. Similarly to cutaneous melanoma, up to 50% of conjunctival melanomas harbor BRAF mutations. The most common is represented by V600E. Combined therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors is approved for BRAF mutant cutaneous metastatic melanomas. Herein, we report a case of a 70-years old patient with a metastatic conjunctival melanoma harboring V600E BRAF mutation successfully treated with dabrafenib and trametinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Tommaso Dosa
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Rindi
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Jovanovic P, Mihajlovic M, Djordjevic-Jocic J, Vlajkovic S, Cekic S, Stefanovic V. Ocular melanoma: an overview of the current status. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:1230-44. [PMID: 23826405 PMCID: PMC3693189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocular melanoma is the second most common type of melanoma after cutaneous and the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Large majority of ocular melanomas originate from uvea, while conjunctival melanomas are far less frequent. Incidence of uveal melanoma has remained stable over last three decades. Diagnosis is in most cases established by clinical examination with great accuracy. Local treatment of uveal melanoma has improved, with increased use of conservative methods and preservation of the eye, but survival rates have remained unchanged. Recent advances in cytogenetics and genetics enhanced prognostication and enabled to determine tumors with high metastatic potential. However, due to lack of effective systemic therapy, prognosis of patients with metastasis remains poor and metastatic disease remains the leading cause of death among patients with uveal melanoma. Conjunctival melanoma is rare, but its incidence is increasing. It mostly occurs among white adults. In majority of cases it originates from preceding primary acquired melanosis. Current standard treatment for conjunctival melanoma is wide local excision with adjuvant therapy, including brachytherapy, cryotherapy and topical application of chemotherapeutic agent. Rarity of this tumor limits conduction of controlled trials to define the best treatment modality. As well as for uveal melanoma, prognosis of patients with metastasis is poor because there is no effective systemic therapy. Better understanding of underlying genetic and molecular abnormalities implicated in development and progression of ocular melanomas provides a great opportunity for development of targeted therapy, which will hopefully improve prognosis of patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jovanovic
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of NisNis, Serbia
| | - Marija Mihajlovic
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of NisNis, Serbia
| | | | - Slobodan Vlajkovic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of NisNis, Serbia
| | - Sonja Cekic
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of NisNis, Serbia
| | - Vladisav Stefanovic
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of NisNis, Serbia
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14
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Kini Rao AC, Nayal B. Conjunctival myxoma-a case report. Malays J Med Sci 2013; 20:92-94. [PMID: 23613661 PMCID: PMC3629886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular myxomas are rare neoplasms. We report a case of conjunctival myxoma in a 33-year-old male. Clinically, it was diagnosed as a conjunctival cyst. Histopathological findings revealed spindle, and fusiform cells in loose myxoid stroma with cystic change. There were no systemic abnormalities detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Calicut Kini Rao
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - Bhavna Nayal
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, 576104 Manipal, India
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15
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Shrestha A, Shrestha A, Bhandari S, Maharjan N, Khadka D, Pant SR, Pant BP. Inferior conjunctival autografting for pterygium surgery: an alternative way of preserving the glaucoma filtration site in far western Nepal. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:315-9. [PMID: 22399843 PMCID: PMC3295628 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s29227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival autografting for primary pterygium. METHODS This was a prospective noncomparative interventional case series study enrolling 50 eyes of 50 patients with primary pterygium between November 1, 2010 and October 30, 2011. All patients underwent the standard surgical technique for pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival autografting. The sampling method was purposive. The study variables were complications of surgery and recurrence rates during a follow-up period of 6 months. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 43 ± 7.97 (range 26-64) years. Grade 1 pterygium comprised 64% while grade 2 pterygium comprised 36% of cases. The mean size of pterygium was 3.2 ± 0.60 mm. Minor complications did occur, but only 4% required resuturing. Recurrence occurred in two eyes (4%) which we detected 3 months after surgery in both cases. We observed conjunctival scarring at the donor site in four eyes (8%); however, there was no symblepharon formation or restriction of upgaze. CONCLUSION Inferior conjunctival autografting is an effective technique with a low recurrence rate. This is a useful technique when it is not possible or desirable to use the superior conjunctiva as a donor source. It is an especially good option for preserving the glaucoma filtration site for the future.
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