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Wang C, Fu W, Zhang Y, Hu X, Xu Q, Tong X. C-MYC-activated lncRNA SNHG20 accelerates the proliferation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma via USP14-mediated deubiquitination of β-catenin. Biol Direct 2024; 19:47. [PMID: 38886753 PMCID: PMC11184854 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the initiation and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20) has been recognized as a critical lncRNA in multiple human cancers. However, the role of SNHG20 and its underlying mechanism in DLBCL are still unclear. METHODS The expression levels of SNHG20, c-MYC, β-catenin, and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) and immunoblotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of DLBCL cells. The transcriptional regulation of SNHG20 by c-MYC was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. The interaction between USP14 and β-catenin was demonstrated using coimmunoprecipitation. A subcutaneous xenograft model was constructed to determine the role of SNHG20 in vivo. RESULTS In the present study, we found that SNHG20 expression was upregulated in DLBCL cell lines and tissues compared to their normal counterparts. SNHG20 knockdown prominently reduced the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of U2932 and OCI-LY3 cells. However, SNHG20 overexpression increased the proliferation and apoptosis resistance of DLBCL cells. Mechanistically, the expression of SNHG20 was positively regulated by c-MYC in DLBCL cells. C-MYC directly bound to the promoter of SNHG20 to activate its transcription. SNHG20 was expressed mainly in the cytosol in DLBCL cells. SNHG20 silencing did not impact USP14 expression but markedly decreased the level of β-catenin, the substrate of USP14, in DLBCL cells. USP14 overexpression increased the β-catenin level, and this increase was attenuated by SNHG20 knockdown. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 abolished SNHG20 knockdown-induced β-catenin downregulation. Moreover, SNHG20 silencing reduced the half-life but increased the ubiquitination of β-catenin in DLBCL cells. SNHG20 knockdown weakened the interaction between both endogenous and exogenous USP14 and β-catenin. In turn, SNHG20 overexpression increased the c-MYC level, and this increase was attenuated by β-catenin knockdown. Importantly, β-catenin knockdown attenuated the SNHG20-mediated increase in DLBCL cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggested that c-MYC-activated SNHG20 accelerated the proliferation and increased the apoptosis resistance of DLBCL cells via USP14-mediated deubiquitination of β-catenin. The c-MYC/SNHG20 positive feedback loop may be a new target for anti-DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Youju Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Wang X, Cornish AE, Do MH, Brunner JS, Hsu TW, Xu Z, Malik I, Edwards C, Capistrano KJ, Zhang X, Ginsberg MH, Finley LWS, Lim MS, Horwitz SM, Li MO. Onco-Circuit Addiction and Onco-Nutrient mTORC1 Signaling Vulnerability in a Model of Aggressive T Cell Malignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587917. [PMID: 38617314 PMCID: PMC11014592 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
How genetic lesions drive cell transformation and whether they can be circumvented without compromising function of non-transformed cells are enduring questions in oncology. Here we show that in mature T cells-in which physiologic clonal proliferation is a cardinal feature- constitutive MYC transcription and Tsc1 loss in mice modeled aggressive human malignancy by reinforcing each other's oncogenic programs. This cooperation was supported by MYC-induced large neutral amino acid transporter chaperone SLC3A2 and dietary leucine, which in synergy with Tsc1 deletion overstimulated mTORC1 to promote mitochondrial fitness and MYC protein overexpression in a positive feedback circuit. A low leucine diet was therapeutic even in late-stage disease but did not hinder T cell immunity to infectious challenge, nor impede T cell transformation driven by constitutive nutrient mTORC1 signaling via Depdc5 loss. Thus, mTORC1 signaling hypersensitivity to leucine as an onco-nutrient enables an onco-circuit, decoupling pathologic from physiologic utilization of nutrient acquisition pathways.
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Blomme S, De Paepe P, Devos H, Emmerechts J, Snauwaert S, Cauwelier B. Alternative genetic alterations of MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 in high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): Can we identify different prognostic subgroups? Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23211. [PMID: 37897298 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL)/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with rearrangements (R) in MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 are correlated with poor prognosis. Little is known about the impact of other genetic alterations (gain (G) or amplification (A)) of these genes. The aim of the study was to investigate whether we can identify new prognostic subgroups. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results from 169 HGBL/DLBCL were retrospectively categorized into: (1) concurrent MYC-R and BCL2-R and/or BCL6-R-samples with MYC-R and BCL2-R (+/- BCL6-R); n = 21, and HGBL/DLBCL with MYC-R and BCL6-R; n = 11; (2) concurrent R and G/A in MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 called "alternative HGBL/DLBCL"-samples with (n = 16) or without (n = 6) BCL2 involvement; (3) BCL2 and/or BCL6 alterations without MYC involvement (n = 35); (4) concurrent G/A in MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 without R (n = 25); and (5) "No alterations" (n = 55). Patients with HGBL/DLBCL-MYC/BCL2 and "alternative" HGBL/DLBCL (with BCL2 involvement) had significantly worse survival rates compared to the "no alterations" group. G/A of these genes in the absence of rearrangements did not show any prognostic significance. HGBL/DLBCL with MYC-R and BCL6-R without BCL2 involvement showed a better survival rate compared to HGBL/DLBCL-MYC/BCL2. According to immunohistochemistry, "double/triple" expression (DEL/TEL) did not show a significantly worse outcome compared to absent DEL/TEL. This study highlights the continued value of FISH assessment of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 in the initial evaluation of HGBL/DLBCL with different survival rates between several genetic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siska Blomme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospitals Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Pascale De Paepe
- Department of Pathology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospitals Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Helena Devos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospitals Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Jan Emmerechts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospitals Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Snauwaert
- Department of Clinical Hematology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospitals Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Barbara Cauwelier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospitals Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
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Su F, Lian K. Prognostic evaluation of system immune-inflammatory index and prognostic nutritional index in double expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230819. [PMID: 37873542 PMCID: PMC10590612 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting MYC and BCL2 double-expressor lymphoma prognosis using the system immune-inflammatory index (SII) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (DEL). From January 2015 to December 2021, 281 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) wax blocks were used to make tissue chips. Screening double expressor lymphoma (DEL) instances involved immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Academic analysis used clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data. SII, PNI, and DEL prognosis were correlated using univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. The median age of 78 DEL patients is 60 (range: 43-74). SII and PNI cut-off values of 603.5, 3.07, and 144 predict PFS and OS well. Lower SII is associated with longer PFS (HR for SII = 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.76, P = 0.006; HR for NLR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.99, P = 0.048; HR for PLR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.94, P = 0.025; LMR = 0.39, 95%, CI 0.17-0.94, P = 0.025) and OS (HR for SII = 0.16, 95% CI 0.05-0.51, P = 0.005; HR for PNI = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.62, P = 0.002). SII and PNI are promising predictors for twofold expressor DLBCL. Combining these increase prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Department of Epidemic, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, China
| | - Ke Lian
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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Balikó A, Szakács Z, Kajtár B, Ritter Z, Gyenesei A, Farkas N, Kereskai L, Vályi-Nagy I, Alizadeh H, Pajor L. Clinicopathological analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using molecular biomarkers: a retrospective analysis from 7 Hungarian centers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224733. [PMID: 37746254 PMCID: PMC10514474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presents distinct challenges in predicting response to therapy and overall prognosis. The main objective of this study was to assess the application of the immunohistochemistry- and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based molecular markers in the diagnosis of DLBCL and its prognostic value in patients treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. Methods This is a multicenter, retrospective study, which analyzed data from 7 Hungarian hematology centers. Eligible patients were adults, had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of DLBCL, were treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy in the first line, and had available clinicopathological data including International Prognostic Index (IPI). On the specimens, immunohistochemistry and FISH methods were performed. Germinal center B-cell like (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes were classified by the Hans algorithm. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and EFS at 2 years (EFS24). For survival analysis, we used Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression. Results A total of 247 DLBCL cases were included. Cases were positive for MYC, BCL2, BCL6, and MUM1 expression in 52.1%, 66.2%, 72.6%, and 77.8%, respectively. BCL6 translocation, BCL2 gene copy number (GCN) gain, IGH::MYC translocation, MYC GCN gain, IGH::BCL2 translocation, and BCL6 GCN gain were detected in 21.4%, 14.1%, 7.3%, 1.8%, 7.3%, and 0.9%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 52 months, 140 patients (56.7%) had disease progression or relapse. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for EFS24 was 56.2% (CI: 50.4-62.8%). In univariate analysis, only IPI and BCL6 expression were significant predictors of both OS and EFS, whereas MUM1 predicted EFS only. In multivariate analysis, the IPI score was a significant independent negative, whereas MIB-1 and BCL6 protein expressions were significant independent positive predictors of both OS and EFS. Conclusion In our study, we found that only IPI, BCL6 protein expression and MIB-1 protein expression are independent predictors of survival outcomes in DLBCL. We did not find any difference in survival by GCB vs. non-GCB subtypes. These findings may improve prognostication in DLBCL and can contribute to designing further research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Balikó
- Tolna County Balassa János Hospital, Szekszárd, ;Hungary
- PhD Doctoral School – Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences (D93), Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakács
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - Zsombor Ritter
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - László Kereskai
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- South-Pest Hospital Centre – National Institute for Infectology and Haematology, Budapest, ;Hungary
| | - Hussain Alizadeh
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
| | - László Pajor
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, ;Hungary
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Li W, Kou J, Zhang Z, Li H, Li L, Du W. Cellular redox homeostasis maintained by malic enzyme 2 is essential for MYC-driven T cell lymphomagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217869120. [PMID: 37253016 PMCID: PMC10266009 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217869120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell lymphomas (TCLs) are a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors. Although proto-oncogene MYC has an important role in driving T cell lymphomagenesis, whether MYC carries out this function remains poorly understood. Here, we show that malic enzyme 2 (ME2), one of the NADPH-producing enzymes associated with glutamine metabolism, is essential for MYC-driven T cell lymphomagenesis. We establish a CD4-Cre; Myc flox/+transgenic mouse mode, and approximately 90% of these mice develop TCL. Interestingly, knockout of Me2 in Myc transgenic mice almost completely suppresses T cell lymphomagenesis. Mechanistically, by transcriptionally up-regulating ME2, MYC maintains redox homeostasis, thereby increasing its tumorigenicity. Reciprocally, ME2 promotes MYC translation by stimulating mTORC1 activity through adjusting glutamine metabolism. Treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, blocks the development of TCL both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our findings identify an important role for ME2 in MYC-driven T cell lymphomagenesis and reveal that MYC-ME2 circuit may be an effective target for TCL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College100005, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College100005, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College100005, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College100005, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College100005, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College100005, Beijing, China
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7
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Diagnostic approaches and future directions in Burkitt lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:193-205. [PMID: 36057749 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the 2016 WHO update, progress has been made in understanding the biology of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and the concept of high-grade B-cell lymphomas (HGBCL) that allows some degree of refinement. The summary presented here reviews in detail the discussions of the Clinical Advisory Committee and expands upon the newly published 2022 International Consensus Classification for lymphoid malignancies (Campo et al. Blood, 2022). BL remains the prototypic HGBCL and diagnostic criteria are largely unchanged. HGBCL with MYC and BCL2 and HGBCL with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements are now separated to reflect biologic and pathologic differences. HGBCL, NOS remains a diagnosis of exclusion that should be used only in rare cases. FISH strategies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and HGBCL are discussed in detail for these diseases. Advances in integrative analysis of mutations, structural abnormalities, copy number, and gene expression signatures allow a more nuanced view of the heterogeneity of DLBCL, NOS as well as definitions of HGBCL and point to where the future may be headed for classification of these diseases.
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8
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Rankin AW, Siegele B, Gross TG. Discordance between detection of MYC rearrangement by immunohistochemistry versus fluorescent in situ hybridization in Burkitt lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29804. [PMID: 35670760 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Rankin
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradford Siegele
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas G Gross
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite advances in current treatment. Patients with MM exhibit significant variations in their prognosis and survival. Recently, genetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal variations and gene mutations, have been increasingly recognized in MM. Therefore, better prognostic indicators of MM are required for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with MM. ncRNAs are non-protein-coding transcripts that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Deregulation of ncRNAs affects cell cycle progression, cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The abnormal expression of these ncRNAs is also critical for the pathogenesis of several cancers, including MM. Hence, this review aims to discuss the recent findings on the role of regulatory ncRNAs and evaluate their potential value in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songze Leng
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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To probe the binding of TMPyP4 to c-MYC G-quadruplex with in water and in imidazolium-based ionic liquids using spectroscopy coupled with molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Pathologic and Genetic Characteristics of Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010073. [PMID: 35054466 PMCID: PMC8781285 DOI: 10.3390/life12010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma is a neoplasm of NK cells or cytotoxic T cells presenting in extranodal sites, most often in the nasal cavity. The typical immunophenotypes are cCD3+, sCD3-, CD4-, CD5-, CD8-, CD16-, and CD56+ with the expression of cytotoxic molecules. Tumor subsets express NK cell receptors, CD95/CD95L, CD30, MYC, and PDL1. Virtually all the tumor cells harbor the EBV genome, which plays a key role in lymphomagenesis as an epigenetic driver. EBV-encoded oncoproteins modulate the host-cell epigenetic machinery, reprogramming the viral and host epigenomes using host epigenetic modifiers. NGS analysis revealed the mutational landscape of ENKTL, predominantly involving the JAK-STAT pathway, epigenetic modifications, the RNA helicase family, the RAS/MAP kinase pathway, and tumor suppressors, which indicate an important role of these pathways and this group of genes in the lymphomagenesis of ENKTL. Recently, three molecular subtypes were proposed, the tumor-suppressor/immune-modulator (TSIM), MGA-BRDT (MB), and HDAC9-EP300-ARID1A (HEA) subtypes, and they are well-correlated with the cell of origin, EBV pattern, genomic alterations, and clinical outcomes. A future investigation into the function and interaction of discovered genes would be very helpful for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of ENKTL and establishing better treatment strategies.
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12
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Mihashi Y, Kimura S, Iwasaki H, Oshiro Y, Takamatsu Y, Kawauchi S, Shimajiri S, Ishizuka K, Takeshita M. Large cell morphology, CMYC+ tumour cells, and PD-1+ tumour cell/intense PD-L1+ cell reactions are important prognostic factors in nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas with T follicular helper markers. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:101. [PMID: 34742294 PMCID: PMC8571911 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors in nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) with two or more T follicular helper markers (TFH+) are not adequately investigated. METHODS Immunohistologically, we selected 22 patients with TFH+ lymphoma (PTCL-TFH) in 47 of PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS), and subclassified into large and small cell groups. We compared the two groups with 39 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and seven follicular T-cell lymphoma (F-TCL) patients. Prognostic factors were analysed by overall survival in patients with three types of TFH+ PTCLs. RESULTS Thirteen large cell and nine small cell PTCL-TFH patients had more than two TFH markers including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Large cell PTCL-TFH showed frequent CMYC expression in 10 patients (77%), and four of 11 large cell group (36%) had somatic RHOA G17V gene mutation by Sanger sequencing. Large cell PTCL-TFH patients showed significantly worse prognosis than those of the small cell group, AITL, and F-TCL (p < 0.05). In TFH+ PTCLs, CMYC+ tumour cells, and combined PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) + tumour cells and intense reaction of PD-L1+ non-neoplastic cells (high PD-L1+ cell group) were significantly poor prognostic factors (p < 0.05). Combinations of CMYC+ or PD-1+ tumour cells and high PD-L1+ cell group indicated significantly poor prognosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Large cell PTCL-TFH indicated poor prognosis in TFH+ PTCLs. These data suggested that CMYC+ tumour cells and intense PD-L1+ cell reaction influenced tumour cell progression in TFH+ PTCLs, and PD-1+ tumour cell/intense PD-L1+ cell reactions may play a role in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Mihashi
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Departments of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kimura
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Departments of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Departments of Haematology, Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organisation Kyushu Medical Centre, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Yumi Oshiro
- Department of Pathology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, 1 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 791-0000, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takamatsu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kawauchi
- Departments of Pathology, Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organisation Kyushu Medical Centre, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Department of Pathology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoko Yahata Nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Morishige Takeshita
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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13
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Takayanagi N, Momose S, Kikuchi J, Tanaka Y, Anan T, Yamashita T, Higashi M, Tokuhira M, Kizaki M, Tamaru JI. Fluorescent nanoparticle-mediated semiquantitative MYC protein expression analysis in morphologically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:594-603. [PMID: 34171161 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification defines a new disease entity of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, making fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening for these genes mandatory. In addition, the prognostic significance of MYC expression was reported, with a cut-off value of 40%. However, interobserver discrepancies arise due to the heterogeneous intensity of MYC expression by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, a cut-off value of positivity for MYC protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) varies among studies at present. Here, we applied a high-sensitivity semiquantitative immunohistochemical technique using fluorescent nanoparticles called phosphor-integrated dots (PID) to evaluate the MYC expression in 50 de novo DLBCL cases, and compared it with the conventional diaminobenzidine (DAB)-developing system. The high MYC expression detected by the PID-mediated system predicted poor overall survival in DLBCL patients. However, we found no prognostic value of MYC protein expression for any cut-off value by the DAB-developing system, even if the intensity was considered. These results indicate that the precise evaluation of MYC protein expression can clarify the prognostic values in DLBCL, irrespective of MYC rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Takayanagi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuji Momose
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoe Anan
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michihide Tokuhira
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kizaki
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamaru
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Wang L, Tang G, Medeiros LJ, Xu J, Huang W, Yin CC, Wang M, Jain P, Lin P, Li S. MYC rearrangement but not extra MYC copies is an independent prognostic factor in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:1381-1389. [PMID: 32273477 PMCID: PMC8094099 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.243071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with MYC rearrangement (MYC-R) is rare and little is known about the importance of MYC extra copies (EC) in the absence of MYC-R in MCL patients. This study includes 88 MCL patients with MYC tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or conventional cytogenetics, including 27 with MYC-R, 21 with MYC-EC, and 40 with normal MYC-NL. MCL patients with MYC-R more often had blastoid/pleomorphic morphology; a higher frequency of CD10, MYC, and simultaneous MYC and BCL2 expression; a higher level of MYC; and a higher Ki67 proliferation rate (P<0.05) than those without MYC-R. Although patients with MYC-R more frequently received intensive chemotherapy (P=0.001), their overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter than those without MYC-R. Compared with patients with MYC/BCL2 double-hit lymphoma (DHL), patients with MYC-R MCL had a similar OS but more commonly had bone marrow involvement, Ann Arbor stage IV disease, and a different immunophenotype. MCL patients with MYC-EC showed an OS intermediate between those with MYC-R and MYC-NL, either all or only blastoid/pleomorphic MCL patients included. Multivariate analysis showed that MYC-R, but not MYC-EC, had an independent and negative impact on OS. In conclusion, MYC-R but not MYC-EC showed a higher MYC expression and is an adverse prognostic factor for MCL patients. Although the OS of MCL patients with MYC-R is similar to that of MYC/BCL2DHL patients, these groups have different clinicopathologic features supporting the retention of MCL with MYC-R in the category of MCL, as recommended in the revised World Health Organization classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Wang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA and Henan Provincial People Hospital, China
| | - Guilin Tang
- Dept of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Dept of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Dept of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Wenting Huang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA and National Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cameron C Yin
- Dept of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Dept. of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Dept. of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Dept. of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Dept. of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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16
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Chen P, Redd L, Schmidt Y, Koduru P, Fuda F, Montgomery-Goecker C, Kumar K, Xu-Monette Z, Young K, Collins R, Chen W. MYC protein expression does not correlate with MYC abnormalities detected by FISH but predicts an unfavorable prognosis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2021; 106:106584. [PMID: 33933715 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
While dysregulation of MYC has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the impact of MYC protein expression in AML is less well understood. We investigated the correlation of MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry (MYC-IHC) with MYC abnormalities and prognosis in adult de novo AML. MYC-IHC in bone marrow of patients with untreated AML (n = 58) was assessed and scored as MYClow (0-40 % of blasts) or MYChigh (> 40 % of blasts). This was correlated with MYC abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and prognosis in the context of cytogenetic risk stratification. Residual myeloid disease at the end of induction was assessed by flow cytometry. MYClow and MYChigh were detected in 24 (41 %) and 34 cases (59 %), respectively. Extra copies of MYC were present in 12 % of cases and were not correlated with level of MYC-IHC. No cases had MYC translocation or amplification. Compared to MYClow patients, MYChigh patients had a shorter overall survival in all cytogenetic risk groups (68 vs. 21 months, p = 0.006) and in the intermediate risk group (61 vs. 21 months, p = 0.046). MYChigh patients had a tendency towards detected residual disease at the end of induction in all cytogenetic risk and intermediate risk groups. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms of MYC dysregulation, high level of MYC protein is expressed in the majority of AML and correlated to worse prognosis. Further studies on MYC dysregulation in leukemogenesis and therapy targeting MYC aberration are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucas Redd
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yao Schmidt
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prasad Koduru
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Franklin Fuda
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Kirthi Kumar
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zijun Xu-Monette
- Departments of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Young
- Departments of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Collins
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weina Chen
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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17
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Luo DX, Li W, Ye MT, Yang Y, Tang G, You MJ. "Double hit" anaplastic large cell lymphoma with concurrent ALK and MYC rearrangements. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1625-1627. [PMID: 32833271 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David X. Luo
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Wuping Li
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma Jiangxi Cancer Hospital Nanchang China
| | - Mathew T. Ye
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Yaling Yang
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - M. James You
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
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18
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Berendsen MR, Stevens WBC, van den Brand M, van Krieken JH, Scheijen B. Molecular Genetics of Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Insight into Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3553. [PMID: 33260693 PMCID: PMC7760867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be treated successfully with a combination of chemotherapy and the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Nonetheless, approximately one-third of the patients with DLBCL still experience relapse or refractory (R/R) disease after first-line immunochemotherapy. Whole-exome sequencing on large cohorts of primary DLBCL has revealed the mutational landscape of DLBCL, which has provided a framework to define novel prognostic subtypes in DLBCL. Several studies have investigated the genetic alterations specifically associated with R/R DLBCL, thereby uncovering molecular pathways linked to therapy resistance. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the genetic alterations that are enriched in R/R DLBCL, and the corresponding pathways affected by these gene mutations. Furthermore, we elaborate on their potential role in mediating therapy resistance, also in connection with findings in other B-cell malignancies, and discuss alternative treatment options. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview on the gene lesions and molecular mechanisms underlying R/R DLBCL, which are considered valuable parameters to guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R. Berendsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy B. C. Stevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Michiel van den Brand
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
- Pathology-DNA, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815AD Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - J. Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.R.B.); (M.v.d.B.); (J.H.v.K.)
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Khanlari M, Tang G, Hao S, Gong Y, Li S, Miranda RN, Lin P, Iyer S, Yin CC, Xie W, Vega F, Medeiros LJ, Xu J. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with MYC rearrangement. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:e17-e21. [PMID: 33216956 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Khanlari
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suyang Hao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Swaminathan Iyer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cameron C Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L J Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Lyapichev KA, Tang G, Li S, You MJ, Cheng TJ, Miranda RN, Iyer S, Yin CC, Konoplev S, Bueso-Ramos C, Vega F, Medeiros LJ, Xu J. MYC expression is associated with older age, common morphology, increased MYC copy number, and poorer prognosis in patients with ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2020; 108:22-31. [PMID: 33221344 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of MYC dysregulation has been studied extensively in B-cell lymphomas, but little is known about its significance in T cell lymphomas. This study, for the first time in the literature, assessed the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of MYC expression in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cases. Using ≥50% as the cutoff value for positive MYC expression by immunohistochemistry, 17 of 46 (37%) cases were MYC+. Patients with MYC+ tumors were older (median age, 39 versus 29 years, p = 0.04) and more often showed a common morphologic pattern (100% versus 69%, p = 0.02), when compared with those with MYC-negative tumors. By fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, 9 of 31 (29%) cases showed increased MYC copy number, and 1 of 31 (3%) case had an MYC rearrangement, and the remaining 21 (68%) cases showed no MYC aberrations. Among the cases with increased MYC copy number, 5 of 8 (62%) cases showed MYC copy gain and/or amplification and 3 of 8 (38%) had polysomy 8. MYC expression was associated with increased MYC copy number (p = 0.01). MYC expression, but not increased MYC copy number, correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.03). In conclusion, MYC expression identified a distinct group of ALK + ALCL patients with more aggressive behavior and shorter OS. Our data suggest that MYC expression is an adverse prognostic factor and may be useful in stratifying or predicting the prognosis of patients with ALK+ ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Lyapichev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingsing J Cheng
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swaminathan Iyer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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21
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Wang L, Qin W, Huo YJ, Li X, Shi Q, Rasko JEJ, Janin A, Zhao WL. Advances in targeted therapy for malignant lymphoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:15. [PMID: 32296035 PMCID: PMC7058622 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of lymphoma has gradually increased over previous decades, and it ranks among the ten most prevalent cancers worldwide. With the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, though a subset of lymphoma patients has become curable, the treatment of refractory and relapsed diseases remains challenging. Many efforts have been made to explore new targets and to develop corresponding therapies. In addition to novel antibodies targeting surface antigens and small molecular inhibitors targeting oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor suppressors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells have been rapidly developed to target the tumor microenvironment. Although these targeted agents have shown great success in treating lymphoma patients, adverse events should be noted. The selection of the most suitable candidates, optimal dosage, and effective combinations warrant further investigation. In this review, we systematically outlined the advances in targeted therapy for malignant lymphoma, providing a clinical rationale for mechanism-based lymphoma treatment in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
- Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Anne Janin
- Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
- U1165 Inserm/Université Paris 7, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
- Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China.
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22
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de Barrios O, Meler A, Parra M. MYC's Fine Line Between B Cell Development and Malignancy. Cells 2020; 9:E523. [PMID: 32102485 PMCID: PMC7072781 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is transiently expressed during B lymphocyte development, and its correct modulation is essential in defined developmental transitions. Although temporary downregulation of MYC is essential at specific points, basal levels of expression are maintained, and its protein levels are not completely silenced until the B cell becomes fully differentiated into a plasma cell or a memory B cell. MYC has been described as a proto-oncogene that is closely involved in many cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. Aberrant expression of MYC protein in these hematological malignancies results in an uncontrolled rate of proliferation and, thereby, a blockade of the differentiation process. MYC is not activated by mutations in the coding sequence, and, as reviewed here, its overexpression in leukemia and lymphoma is mainly caused by gene amplification, chromosomal translocations, and aberrant regulation of its transcription. This review provides a thorough overview of the role of MYC in the developmental steps of B cells, and of how it performs its essential function in an oncogenic context, highlighting the importance of appropriate MYC regulation circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maribel Parra
- Lymphocyte Development and Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, 08916 Barcelona, Spain (A.M.)
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23
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High level MYC amplification in B-cell lymphomas: is it a marker of aggressive disease? Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:5. [PMID: 31932576 PMCID: PMC6957498 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While MYC translocations in B-cell lymphoma (BCL) have been extensively studied, the significance of MYC amplification (MYC amp) is poorly understood. This study characterizes BCL showing MYC amp, defined as uncountable FISH signals. Retrospective analysis of all BCL FISH for MYC aberrations performed at our institution (1/2010-2/2018) identified 44/9715 (0.45%) cases with MYC amp. MYC amp probe signals appeared in a cloud-like distribution (70%) or in a single homogenous-staining-region (30%). In total 59% also had MYC separation by breakapart probe indicating concurrent MYC translocation. The most common morphology was large cell (82%) and diagnosis was diffuse large BCL (DLBCL, 50%). In total 88% were germinal center B-cell-like by Hans algorithm. In total 12/42 (29%) cases were "double-hit" by WHO criteria (DHL/THL) in addition to having MYC amp. The estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) of DLBCL cases with MYC amp was 80%. There was no significant difference in OS between DLBCL and DHL/THL among cases with MYC amp, suggesting a poor prognostic impact of MYC amp. However, when compared to a larger cohort of DLBCL and DHL/THL, MYC amp did not have prognostic significance. In summary, MYC amp in BCL is rare, most commonly occurs in DLBCL, and was not associated with survival in our cohort.
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Tamura N, Maeda H, Nishikori M, Fujita H, Hishizawa M, Haga H, Takaori-Kondo A. Histologic transformation of t(11;18)-positive MALT lymphoma presented with aberrant T-cell marker expression. Int J Hematol 2020; 111:724-732. [PMID: 31894535 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with t(11;18)(q21;q21), resulting in an API2-MALT1 fusion transcript, is reported to rarely transform into aggressive lymphoma. Here, we report the clinical course of a patient who experienced histologic transformation after 20 years' disease history of t(11;18)-positive MALT lymphoma. The patient suddenly developed a large intrapelvic mass and ascites with a rapid increase in lactate dehydrogenase. Cytology of the ascites detected large abnormal cells, and flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3, CD4, and CD38, and partially positive for CD7, but negative for CD19 and CD20. Antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis and in situ hybridization of the immunoglobulin light chains confirmed that the tumor cells were of B-cell lineage. Chromosomal analysis showed complex karyotypes with intraclonal variation, and in addition to t(11;18), t(8;14) and heterozygous loss of the TP53 were demonstrated. Although histological and phenotypic features were significantly altered from the original MALT lymphoma, the presence of t(11;18) led us to the diagnosis of histologic transformation of MALT lymphoma. Although transformation of t(11;18)-positive MALT lymphoma into aggressive lymphoma is extremely rare, it may occur, probably with additional genetic abnormalities such as cMYC rearrangement and/or the loss of TP53.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tamura
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirona Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Haruyuki Fujita
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Hishizawa
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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25
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Bisso A, Sabò A, Amati B. MYC in Germinal Center-derived lymphomas: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:178-197. [PMID: 30874346 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of immunoglobulin loci during the germinal center reaction is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal translocations that activate oncogenes such as MYC, BCL2 or BCL6, thus contributing to the development of B-cell lymphomas. MYC and BCL2 activation are initiating events in Burkitt's (BL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL), respectively, but can occur at later stages in other subtypes such as Diffuse Large-B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). MYC can also be activated during the progression of FL to the transformed stage. Thus, either DLBCL or FL can give rise to aggressive double-hit lymphomas (DHL) with concurrent activation of MYC and BCL2. Research over the last three decades has improved our understanding of the functions of these oncogenes and the basis for their cooperative action in lymphomagenesis. MYC, in particular, is a transcription factor that contributes to cell activation, growth and proliferation, while concomitantly sensitizing cells to apoptosis, the latter being blocked by BCL2. Here, we review our current knowledge about the role of MYC in germinal center B-cells and lymphomas, discuss MYC-induced dependencies that can sensitize cancer cells to select pharmacological inhibitors, and illustrate their therapeutic potential in aggressive lymphomas-and in particular in DHL, in combination with BCL2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bisso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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26
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Oon ML, Hoppe MM, Fan S, Phyu T, Phuong HM, Tan SY, Hue SSS, Wang S, Poon LM, Chan HLE, Lee J, Chee YL, Chng WJ, de Mel S, Liu X, Jeyasekharan AD, Ng SB. The contribution of MYC and PLK1 expression to proliferative capacity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3214-3224. [PMID: 31259656 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1633629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) regulates the MYC-dependent kinome in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. However, the role of PLK1 and MYC toward proliferation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. We use multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry (fIHC) to evaluate the co-localization of MYC, PLK1 and Ki67 to study their association with proliferation in DLBCL. The majority (98%, 95% CI 95-100%) of MYC/PLK1-double positive tumor cells expressed Ki67, underscoring the key role of the MYC/PLK1 circuit in proliferation. However, only 38% (95% CI 23-40%) and 51% (95% CI 46-51%) of Ki67-positive cells expressed MYC and PLK1, respectively. Notably, 40% (95% CI 26-43%) of Ki67-positive cells are MYC- and PLK-negative. A stronger correlation exists between PLK1 and Ki67 expression (R = 0.74, p < .001) than with MYC and Ki67 expression (R = 0.52, p < .001). Overall, the results indicate that PLK1 has a higher association than MYC in DLBCL proliferation and there are mechanisms besides MYC and PLK1 influencing DLBCL proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang Oon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michal M Hoppe
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuangyi Fan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - The Phyu
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoang M Phuong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR, Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR, Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li M Poon
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hian L E Chan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen L Chee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Filip D, Mraz M. The role of MYC in the transformation and aggressiveness of ‘indolent’ B-cell malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:510-524. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1675877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Filip
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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28
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Miao L, Guo N, Feng Y, Rao H, Wang F, Huang Q, Huang Y. High incidence of MYC rearrangement in human immunodeficiency virus-positive plasmablastic lymphoma. Histopathology 2019; 76:201-211. [PMID: 31348551 DOI: 10.1111/his.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS MYC rearrangements are the main cytogenetic alterations in plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). We aimed to investigate the relationship between MYC rearrangement and the clinicopathological features of PBL. METHODS AND RESULTS MYC rearrangements assessed in 13 unpublished single-centre PBL cases, and an additional 85 cases from the literature, with reported MYC rearrangement information individualised by patient, were reviewed. In Asia, PBL was much less commonly diagnosed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients (27% versus 84%, P = 0.000), with older age (median age at diagnosis: 52 years versus 44 years, P = 0.046) and a lower EBV infection rate (56.8% versus 81.8%, P = 0.049), than in non-Asian regions. Overall, MYC rearrangements were identified in 44 of 98 (44.9%) PBL cases, and IGH was the partner in almost all available cases (30/31, 96.8%), as confirmed with a MYC-IGH fusion probe. The MYC rearrangement rate in HIV-positive cases (33/55, 60.0%) was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative cases (11/38, 28.9%, P = 0.003). Patients with MYC rearrangement showed a trend towards an inferior median survival time (9.6 months versus 15.7 months, P = 0.122) and 2-year overall survival (17% versus 32%, P = 0.238). CONCLUSIONS MYC rearrangement was frequently identified in PBL patients, and IGH was the partner gene in an overwhelming majority of MYC rearrangements. In addition, the MYC rearrangement rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive PBL patients than that in HIV-negative patients. MYC rearrangement may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-positive PBL, but further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumour Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Na Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qitao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Bian T, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Xie J. A combination of LMO2 negative and CD38 positive is useful for the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:100. [PMID: 31484540 PMCID: PMC6727582 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical utility of LIM Domain Only 2 (LMO2) negative and CD38 positive in diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Methods LMO2 and CD38 expression determined by immunohistochemistry in 75 BL, 12 High-grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS (HGBL,NOS) and 3 Burkitt-like lymphomas with the 11q aberration. Results The sensitivity and specificity of LMO2 negative for detecting BL were 98.67 and 100%, respectively; those of CD38 positive were 98.67 and 66.67%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of a combination of both for detecting BL were 97.33 and 100%, respectively. In our study, the combined LMO2 negative and CD38 positive results had a higher area under the curve than either LMO2 negative or CD38 positive alone. Conclusions A combination of LMO2 negative and CD38 positive is useful for the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianlan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Recurrent MSC E116K mutations in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 2019; 133:2776-2789. [PMID: 31101622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) represent a relatively common group of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs) that are unified by similar pathologic features but demonstrate marked genetic heterogeneity. ALCLs are broadly classified as being anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ or ALK-, based on the presence or absence of ALK rearrangements. Exome sequencing of 62 T-NHLs identified a previously unreported recurrent mutation in the musculin gene, MSC E116K, exclusively in ALK- ALCLs. Additional sequencing for a total of 238 T-NHLs confirmed the specificity of MSC E116K for ALK- ALCL and further demonstrated that 14 of 15 mutated cases (93%) had coexisting DUSP22 rearrangements. Musculin is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that heterodimerizes with other bHLH proteins to regulate lymphocyte development. The E116K mutation localized to the DNA binding domain of musculin and permitted formation of musculin-bHLH heterodimers but prevented their binding to authentic target sequence. Functional analysis showed MSCE116K acted in a dominant-negative fashion, reversing wild-type musculin-induced repression of MYC and cell cycle inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and transcriptome analysis identified the cell cycle regulatory gene E2F2 as a direct transcriptional target of musculin. MSCE116K reversed E2F2-induced cell cycle arrest and promoted expression of the CD30-IRF4-MYC axis, whereas its expression was reciprocally induced by binding of IRF4 to the MSC promoter. Finally, ALCL cells expressing MSC E116K were preferentially targeted by the BET inhibitor JQ1. These findings identify a novel recurrent MSC mutation as a key driver of the CD30-IRF4-MYC axis and cell cycle progression in a unique subset of ALCLs.
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31
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Ren C, Yu H, Fang W, Zhang N, Gao S, Hou Q. Correlation Between C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 Protein Expression and Gene Translocation as Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1497. [PMID: 30666200 PMCID: PMC6330311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protein expression of C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their relationship with genetic abnormalities. A retrospective study of 42 cases on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens diagnosed with DLBCL was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The expression of C-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-6 protein, and gene abnormalities in these tissue samples was analyzed. The relationship in genetic abnormalities and Ki-67, Hans classification, gender, and age was also evaluated. It was found that the positive rate of C-MYC expression was 47.6% (20/42), the rate of C-MYC gene abnormality was 26.2% (11/42), in which gene translocation accounted for 23.8% (10/42) and gene amplification 2.4% (1/42); C-MYC protein expression was positively correlated with C-MYC gene translocation (χ2 = 11.813; P = 0.001); C-MYC gene translocation was mainly found in germinal center B cell type (χ2 = 4.029; P = 0.045). The positive rate of BCL-2 protein expression was 85.71% (36/42), the positive rate of translocation was 42.86% (18/42) and the amplification rate was 26.19% (11/42); the overexpression of BCL-2 protein was correlated with the BCL-2 translocation (χ2 = 3.407; P = 0.029). The positive rate of BCL-6 protein expression was 45.24% (19/42), the positive rate of BCL-6 translocation was 14.29% (6/42) and the positive rate of BCL-6 amplification was 7.14% (3/42); the overexpression of BCL-6 protein was significantly correlated with BCL-6 translocation (χ2 = 6.091; P = 0.014). The Ki-67 index was significantly higher in C-MYC translocation cases than in non-C-MYC translocation cases (χ2 = 4.492; P = 0.034). Taken together, our results suggest that the protein expression of C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 are positively correlated with their gene translocation. Overexpression of C-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-6 protein suggests the possibility of translocation. Therefore, immunohistochemical detection of C-MYC, BCL-2, and BCL-6 are useful in diagnosis and prognosis of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunXiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Cuiai Ren
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Pathology, Werfang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenjia Fang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Sumei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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32
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Tang J, Zhang L, Zhou T, Sun Z, Kong L, Jing L, Xing H, Wu H, Liu Y, Zhou S, Li J, Chen M, Xu F, Tang J, Ma T, Hu M, Liu D, Guo J, Zhu X, Chen Y, Ye T, Wang J, Li X, Xing HR. Identification and characterization of the cellular subclones that contribute to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. Genes Dis 2018; 6:407-418. [PMID: 31832521 PMCID: PMC6889030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy with poor clinical outcome and undefined pathogenesis. Development of clinically relevant cellular models for MCL research is an urgent need. Our preliminary observations lead the development of two novel hypotheses that we tested in this study: 1. multicellular spheroid might be a unique growth mode of early-stage cells in MCL; 2. MCL might be a polyclonal tumor. We made the following original observations that have not been reported: First, we have provided a new experiment method for enriching MCL early-stage cells and characterized the spheroid mode of growth as a unique feature of early-stage MCL cells in cell line as well as in clinical samples. Second, we have established a clinically relevant cellular model of MCL, the JeKo-1-spheroid cell line, that was highly enriched in early-stage sub-clones. JeKo-1-spheroid cells and the spheroid growing cells enriched from MCL patients exhibited comparably enhanced tumorigenic abilities and similar biological features. Third, Immunophenotypic analysis has revealed that MCL may be derived from precursor-B(pre-B), immature-B and mature-B cells, not only the mature-B cells as WHO classified in 2016. Fourth, MCL may be a polyclonal disease composed of CD19–/IgM–, CD19–/IgM+, CD19+/IgM+ three sub-clones, of which the CD19–/IgM+ sub-clone might be the dominant sub-clone with the strongest tumorigenic ability. Fifth, CD19+/IgM– that differentiates MCL and normal B cells may represent a new marker for MCL early detection, minor residual disease monitoring after therapies and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Tang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 2 Jiangyangnan Rd, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liangsheng Kong
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shixia Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, 12 Changjia Lane, Jingzhong Street, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Jirui Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Tai Ping Street, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - H Rosie Xing
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Condoluci A, Rossi D, Zucca E, Cavalli F. Toward a Risk-Tailored Therapeutic Policy in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:79. [PMID: 30132080 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) prognosis is strictly related to the characteristics of the disease, which can range from very indolent cases to highly aggressive and refractory ones. Here we will review the current knowledge on MCL biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS Biomarker-informed diagnosis is essential for differentiating MCL from other mature B cell tumors. Diagnosis of MCL relies on the identification of the t(11;14) translocation by FISH or the consequently aberrant expression of cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry. For the few cases staining negative for cyclin D1, SOX11 may help to define the diagnosis. Prognostic biomarkers have been proposed to stratify MCL patients, including baseline clinical aspects (leukemic non-nodal presentation, in situ presentation, Mantle cell International Prognostic Index-MIPI), pathological aspects (blastoid morphology, Ki-67 proliferation index, SOX11 expression), genetic aspects (immunoglobulin gene mutation status, TP53 deletion or mutation, CDKN2A deletion), and depth of response after treatment (PET imaging, molecular minimal residual disease). Such tools are increasingly used as a guide for therapeutic decisions. Watchful waiting approach is recommended for patients harboring favorable clinico-biological features, such as leukemic non-nodal presentation, low MIPI score, non-blastoid disease, low Ki-67 proliferation rate, mutated immunoglobulin genes, and the lack of SOX11 expression. For patients in need of frontline therapy, the decision of whether to undertake intensive regimens is based upon patient's age and comorbidities. Central nervous system prophylaxis is recommended for cases showing blastoid morphology. The duration of remission is tightly correlated to the depth of response. With the aim of achieving a longer duration of remission and survival, younger patients may pursue more intensive regimens incorporating high-dose cytarabine, followed by myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and rituximab maintenance. Older patients could, on the other hand, benefit from lower intensity immunochemotherapy followed or not by a maintenance therapy depending on which frontline regimen is used. Despite the identification of several potential useful biomarkers that may inform the treatment decisions and the design of clinical trials, the treatment choice remains nowadays determined by the patient age and fitness rather than by the individual patient characteristics. Tailoring therapy toward a risk-adapted strategy to accommodate the wide spectrum of disease is an urgent challenge, and clinical trials may explore the feasibility of a biomarker-defined therapeutic policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalgisa Condoluci
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Franco Cavalli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Novel synthetic 4-chlorobenzoyl berbamine inhibits c-Myc expression and induces apoptosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2353-2362. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Alayed K, Schweitzer K, Awadallah A, Shetty S, Turakhia S, Meyerson H. A multicolour flow cytometric assay for c-MYC protein in B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:906-915. [PMID: 29769234 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Develop an objective assay to detect c-MYC protein expression using multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) as an alternative to immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS 57 patient samples and 11 cell line samples were evaluated. Cell suspensions were obtained and c-MYC staining was performed in combination with CD45 and CD19 and, in some samples, CD10. The percentage of c-MYC+ cells by FCM was correlated with the percentage determined by IHC. The relationship between c-MYC protein expression and the presence of a c-MYC gene rearrangement in aggressive and high-grade lymphomas was also assessed. RESULTS c-MYC expression by FCM and IHC demonstrated a high degree of correlation in a training set of 33 patient cases, r=0.92, 11 cell line samples, r=0.81 and in a validation set of 24 aggressive and high-grade B-cell lymphomas, r=0.85. c-MYC gene was rearranged by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in 6/9 samples with high c-MYC expression (>40%) by FCM and 6/14 by IHC. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a reliable multicolour FCM assay to detect c-MYC expression suitable for clinical laboratories that should be helpful to accurately quantify c-MYC expression in B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alayed
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Seidman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen Schweitzer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Seidman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Seidman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shashirekha Shetty
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Seidman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samir Turakhia
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Seidman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Howard Meyerson
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Seidman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Rymkiewicz G, Grygalewicz B, Chechlinska M, Blachnio K, Bystydzienski Z, Romejko-Jarosinska J, Woroniecka R, Zajdel M, Domanska-Czyz K, Martin-Garcia D, Nadeu F, Swoboda P, Rygier J, Pienkowska-Grela B, Siwicki JK, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Salaverria I, Siebert R, Walewski J. A comprehensive flow-cytometry-based immunophenotypic characterization of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:732-743. [PMID: 29327714 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously described a subset of MYC translocation-negative aggressive B-cell lymphomas resembling Burkitt lymphoma, characterized by proximal gains and distal losses in chromosome 11. In the 2016 WHO classification, these MYC-negative lymphomas were recognized as a new provisional entity, 'Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration'. Here we present an immunophenotype analysis of Burkitt-like lymphomas with 11q aberration. Cells were acquired by fine needle aspiration biopsy from 10 young adult patients, 80% of whom presented recurrence-free 5-year survival. Twenty-three MYC-positive Burkitt lymphomas, including three carrying both MYC rearrangement and 11q aberration, served as controls. By immunohistochemistry, all Burkitt-like lymphomas with 11q aberration were CD20+/CD10+/BCL6+/BCL2-/MUM1-/MYC+/EBV-, usually LMO2+/CD44-/CD43- and sometimes CD56+, and showed high proliferation rate. By flow cytometry, Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration immunophenotypically resembled MYC-positive Burkitt lymphoma, except for significantly (adjusted P<0.001) more frequent CD38higher expression in Burkitt lymphoma (91% MYC-positive Burkitt lymphoma vs 10% Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration), more frequently diminished CD45 expression in Burkitt lymphoma (74% vs 10%), an exclusive CD16/CD56 and highly restricted CD8 expression in Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration (60% vs 0% and 40% vs 4%, respectively). We showed high diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of flow cytometry in Burkitt lymphoma. CD16/CD56 expression without CD38higher and the lack of CD16/CD56 with CD38higher expression proves to be a reliable, fast, and cost-effective method for diagnosing 11q aberration and MYC rearrangements in CD10(+) aggressive lymphomas, respectively. In addition, we confirmed a pattern of an inverted duplication with telomeric loss of 11q, as a recurrent 11q abnormality, but one case presented alternative changes, possibly resulting in an equivalent molecular effect. Our findings reveal similarities along with subtle but essential differences in the immunophenotype of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration and MYC-positive Burkitt lymphoma, important for the differential diagnosis, but also for understanding the pathogenesis of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Rymkiewicz
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland.,Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Grygalewicz
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chechlinska
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Blachnio
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bystydzienski
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Romejko-Jarosinska
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Woroniecka
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Zajdel
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Domanska-Czyz
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Martin-Garcia
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pawel Swoboda
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rygier
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Konrad Siwicki
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERONC, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Ulm and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
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Clinicopathological and genomic analysis of double-hit follicular lymphoma: comparison with high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:313-326. [PMID: 28984304 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements are aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Occasional double-hit follicular lymphomas have been described but the clinicopathological features of these tumors are not well known. To clarify the characteristics of double-hit follicular lymphomas, we analyzed 10 cases of double-hit follicular lymphomas and 15 cases of high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements for clinicopathological and genome-wide copy-number alterations and copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity profiles. For double-hit follicular lymphomas, the median age was 67.5 years (range: 48-82 years). The female/male ratio was 2.3. Eight patients presented with advanced clinical stage. The median follow-up time was 20 months (range: 1-132 months). At the end of the follow-up, 8 patients were alive, 2 patients were dead including 1 patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transformation. Rearrangements of MYC/BCL2, MYC/BCL6, and MYC/BCL2/BCL6 were seen in 8, 1, and 1 cases, respectively. The partner of MYC was IGH in 6 cases. There were no cases of histological grade 1, 4 cases of grade 2, 5 cases of grade 3a, and 1 case of grade 3b. Two cases of grade 3a exhibited immunoblast-like morphology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated 9 cases with ≥50% MYC-positive cells. There was significant difference in MYC intensity (P=0.00004) and MIB-1 positivity (P=0.001) between double-hit follicular lymphomas and high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements. The genome profile of double-hit follicular lymphomas was comparable with conventional follicular lymphomas (GSE67385, n=198) with characteristic gains of 2p25.3-p11.1, 7p22.3-q36.3, 12q11-q24.33, and loss of 18q21.32-q23 (P<0.05). In comparison with high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, double-hit follicular lymphomas had fewer copy-number alterations and minimal common region of gain at 2p16.1 (70%), locus also significant against conventional follicular lymphomas (P=0.0001). In summary, double-hit follicular lymphomas tended to be high-grade histology, high MYC protein expression, high MYC/IGH fusion, and minimal common region of gain at 2p16.1. Double-hit follicular lymphomas seemed to be a different disease from high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements and have an indolent clinical behavior similar to follicular lymphomas without MYC rearrangement.
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Kojima M, Carreras J, Kikuti YY, Miyaoka M, Kikuchi T, Amaki J, Sato A, Ogiya D, Ando K, Nakamura N. A case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with MYC gene cluster amplification related to chromothripsis. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2460-2464. [PMID: 29345169 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1421753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kojima
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Setagaya-ku , Japan.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Sangenjaya-daiichi Hospital , Isehara , Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- c Department of Pathology , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Yara Yukie Kikuti
- c Department of Pathology , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Masashi Miyaoka
- c Department of Pathology , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Tomoki Kikuchi
- c Department of Pathology , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Jun Amaki
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Setagaya-ku , Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Setagaya-ku , Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Setagaya-ku , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- a Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Setagaya-ku , Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- c Department of Pathology , Tokai University, School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
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Beham-Schmid C. Aggressive lymphoma 2016: revision of the WHO classification. MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2017; 10:248-254. [PMID: 29250206 PMCID: PMC5725508 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-017-0367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies reflecting clinical, biological and pathological diversity. Diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma is the most common histological subtype and therefore will constitute the key aspect in this article. This lymphoma affects patients of all age groups with wide range presentations concerning localization, morphology and molecular mechanisms. The median age at presentation is about 60 years with a slight male preponderance. Up to 50% of patients present with advanced disease. About 70% of these lymphomas occur nodal, about 30% extranodal, the most common sites of the latter being the gastrointestinal tract, Waldeyer’s ring, skin, cerebrum, mediastinum, testis, salivary gland, thyroid and bone. However, diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma can involve virtually any organ.Since the last WHO classification 2008 the adoption of new genomic technologies has provided new insights into the biology of these lymphomas and led to the identification of distinct separate molecular entities and novel pathogenic pathways. These findings induced an expanding number of entities in the new WHO classification of 2016, the knowledge of which is essential concerning treatment options and survival of the patients. Therefore, the clinicians request an accurate diagnosis from the investigating pathologist, which can be quite challenging. The diagnosis of lymphomas requires multiple immunohistochemical studies, and often additional tests, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization and/or polymerase chain reaction techniques and occasionally, in particular cases, next generation sequencing for identification of recurrent somatic mutations. This review summarizes relevant aspects of the new WHO classification in aggressive B‑cell lymphomas, especially from a haematopathologist’s point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beham-Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Minato H, Kobayashi E, Nakada S, Kurose N, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y, Suzuki S, Tanioka F, Saikawa Y, Miwa T, Nojima T. Sinonasal NUT carcinoma: clinicopathological and cytogenetic analysis with autopsy findings. Hum Pathol 2017; 71:157-165. [PMID: 29079177 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm with an undifferentiated morphology. Its diagnosis is often difficult, especially as the sinonasal tract gives rise to many tumors with undifferentiated morphologies. Not many cases of sinonasal NUT carcinomas have been reported, and its clinicopathological features have not been sufficiently clarified. In this study, we performed a clinicopathological study of 4 patients with sinonasal NUT carcinoma, including wide-ranging immunohistochemical tests and cytogenetic analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA sequencing. Autopsy findings were obtained from 2 patients. Patients' ages ranged from 9 months to 66 years (median, 37 years). Three cases involved the nasal cavity; of these, 2 also involved the ethmoid sinus. One case only involved the frontal sinus. Histologically, all cases revealed undifferentiated small round cell morphology and necrosis with indistinct cell borders, vesicular chromatin, and distinct nucleoli. All patients received chemoradiotherapy; 3 died of disease 10 to 15 months after their diagnoses, while one was lost to follow-up. The 2 autopsied patients showed multiorgan metastases; interestingly, one showed cartilaginous differentiation in a metastatic lesion. Immunohistochemically, all cases were diffusely positive for NUT, p63, and Myc, and were focal for p40. The cells variably expressed epithelial markers, and CD34 was positive in one patient. Cytogenetically, all showed BRD4-NUT fusion genes, but one had a different breakpoint in each exon. Finally, a literature review indicated that sinonasal NUT carcinoma tends to involve frontal and ethmoidal sinuses more frequently than other sinonasal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Minato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa, 9208201, Japan.
| | - Eriko Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan; Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 9101104, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kurose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan
| | - Mio Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, 2320066, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, 2320066, Japan
| | - Shioto Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, Iwata City Hospital, Shizuoka, 4388550, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tanioka
- Division of Pathology, Iwata City Hospital, Shizuoka, 4388550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nojima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 9200293, Japan; Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 9200934, Japan
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Rimsza L, Pittaluga S, Dirnhofer S, Copie-Bergman C, de Leval L, Facchetti F, Pileri S, Rosenwald A, Wotherspoon A, Fend F. The clinicopathologic spectrum of mature aggressive B cell lymphomas. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:453-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fernandez-Pol S, De Stefano D, Kim J. Immunohistochemistry reveals an increased proportion of MYC-positive cells in subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma compared with lupus panniculitis. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:925-930. [PMID: 28800143 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a malignant primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that shares significant clinical, histopathologic and immunophenotypic overlap with lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP). METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry for the MYC oncoprotein on 23 cases of SPTCL (1 CD8 negative) and 12 cases of LEP to evaluate if there are quantitative or qualitative differences in protein expression of this marker in these entities. RESULTS In SPTCL cases, the percentage of all cells that were c-Myc positive ranged from 0.8% to 16%, with a mean of 5.0% and a median of 4.4%. In contrast, in the LEP cases, the percentage of c-Myc-positive cells in the cases ranged from 0.34% to 3.7%, averaged 1.4% and the median was 0.8%. The difference between the means of these 2 diagnostic categories was statistically significant. Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed on 4 cases of SPTCL with a relatively high level of MYC immunohistochemical staining, however, failed to demonstrate evidence of MYC rearrangement or amplification. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that MYC expression levels differ between these 2 histologic mimics and suggests that this important oncoprotein may play a role in the pathogenesis of SPTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle De Stefano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jinah Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Chen YP, Chen BZ, Zhu WF, Lin JY, Zhou Y, He TM, Lu JP, Ye XA, Ma HM, Xu C, Chen G. The clinical significance of c-MYC expression, rearrangement, and copy number gain in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: A retrospective study in China. Exp Mol Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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C-MYC and Its Main Ubiquitin Ligase, FBXW7, Influence Cell Proliferation and Prognosis in Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1139-1149. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Gu Y, Zhang J, Ma X, Kim BW, Wang H, Li J, Pan Y, Xu Y, Ding L, Yang L, Guo C, Wu X, Wu J, Wu K, Gan X, Li G, Li L, Forman SJ, Chan WC, Xu R, Huang W. Stabilization of the c-Myc Protein by CAMKIIγ Promotes T Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:115-128.e7. [PMID: 28697340 PMCID: PMC5552197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although high c-Myc protein expression is observed alongside MYC amplification in some cancers, in most cases protein overexpression occurs in the absence of gene amplification, e.g., T cell lymphoma (TCL). Here, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ (CAMKIIγ) was shown to stabilize the c-Myc protein by directly phosphorylating it at serine 62 (S62). Furthermore, CAMKIIγ was shown to be essential for tumor maintenance. Inhibition of CAMKIIγ with a specific inhibitor destabilized c-Myc and reduced tumor burden. Importantly, high CAMKIIγ levels in patient TCL specimens correlate with increased c-Myc and pS62-c-Myc levels. Together, the CAMKIIγ:c-Myc axis critically influences the development and maintenance of TCL and represents a potential therapeutic target for TCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chao Guo
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kirk Wu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Gan
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wing-Chung Chan
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rongzhen Xu
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Lollies A, Hartmann S, Schneider M, Bracht T, Weiß AL, Arnolds J, Klein-Hitpass L, Sitek B, Hansmann ML, Küppers R, Weniger MA. An oncogenic axis of STAT-mediated BATF3 upregulation causing MYC activity in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2017; 32:92-101. [PMID: 28659618 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) feature high expression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors, which regulate various physiological processes but also promote lymphomagenesis. The AP-1 factor basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 (BATF3), is highly transcribed in cHL and ALCL; however, its functional importance in lymphomagenesis is unknown. Here we show that proto-typical CD30+ lymphomas, namely cHL (21/30) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (8/9), but also CD30+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (15/20) frequently express BATF3 protein. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation established interactions of BATF3 with JUN and JUNB in cHL and ALCL lines. BATF3 knockdown using short hairpin RNAs was toxic for cHL and ALCL lines, reducing their proliferation and survival. We identified MYC as a critical BATF3 target and confirmed binding of BATF3 to the MYC promoter. JAK/STAT signaling regulated BATF3 expression, as chemical JAK2 inhibition reduced and interleukin 13 stimulation induced BATF3 expression in cHL lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation substantiated a direct regulation of BATF3 by STAT proteins in cHL and ALCL lines. In conclusion, we identified STAT-mediated BATF3 expression that is essential for lymphoma cell survival and promoted MYC activity in cHL and ALCL, hence we recognized a new oncogenic axis in these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lollies
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Hartmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A L Weiß
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Arnolds
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M-L Hansmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M A Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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48
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Trop-Steinberg S, Azar Y. Is Myc an Important Biomarker? Myc Expression in Immune Disorders and Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:67-75. [PMID: 29289266 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene Myc serves as a paradigm for understanding the dynamics of transcriptional regulation. Myc protein has been linked to immune dysfunction, cancer development and neoplastic transformation. We review recent research regarding functions of Myc as an important modulator in immune disorders, postallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and several cancers. Myc overexpression has been repeatedly linked to immune disorders and specific cancers, such as myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, atherosclerosis, long-term allogeneic survival among HSCT patients, (primary) inflammatory breast cancer, (primary) ovarian carcinoma and hematological malignancies: acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, decreased expression of Myc has been observed in HSCT patients who did not survive. Understanding impaired or inappropriate expression of Myc may present a path for the discovery of new targets for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivtia Trop-Steinberg
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences (ST-S), JCT Lev Academic Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yehudit Azar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation (YA), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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49
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Wang HY, Zu Y. Diagnostic Algorithm of Common Mature B-Cell Lymphomas by Immunohistochemistry. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1236-1246. [PMID: 28608720 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0521-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Different types of mature B-cell lymphomas, including plasma cell neoplasms, exhibit distinct immunohistochemical profiles, which enable them to be correctly diagnosed. However, except for rare examples of lymphoma-specific immunohistochemistry, such as cyclin D1 in mantle cell lymphoma and annexin A1 in hairy cell leukemia, immunohistochemical profiles of mature B-cell lymphomas overlap and lack specificity. OBJECTIVES - To systemically review immunohistochemical features associated with commonly encountered mature B-cell lymphomas based on the presence or absence of CD5 and CD10; to review the immunophenotypic profile of plasma cells derived from plasma cell myelomas and B-cell lymphomas; and to review a group of rare, aggressive B-cell lymphomas with antigen expression features of plasma cells. DATA SOURCES - Published and PubMed-indexed English literature was reviewed. CONCLUSIONS - Although the presence or absence of CD5 and CD10 expression should be included in the initial immunohistochemistry screening panel for mature B-cell lymphomas, appropriate and judicial use of other B-cell antigens is necessary to ensure correct diagnoses. Furthermore, although the status of CD5 and CD10 expression is associated with certain prototypes of B-cell lymphomas, their expression is not specific. Plasma cells from plasma cell neoplasias and B-cell lymphomas exhibit overlapping but relatively distinct immunophenotypes; thus, a panel of immunohistochemical markers (CD19, CD45, CD56, and CD117) can be employed for their proper identification. Lastly, CD138 staining results are almost always positive in a group of aggressive B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic features, including plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma, plasmablastic lymphoma, and ALK-1+ large B-cell lymphoma.
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50
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Chisholm KM, Krishnan C, Heerema-McKenney A, Natkunam Y. Immunohistochemical Profile of MYC Protein in Pediatric Small Round Blue Cell Tumors. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 20:213-223. [PMID: 28521631 DOI: 10.1177/1093526616689642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of MYC oncoprotein in cancers can result from multiple oncogenic mechanisms. Although MYC translocations define Burkitt lymphoma and MYC protein expression is a poor prognostic factor in undifferentiated neuroblastomas, the distribution of MYC protein (c-MYC) across other pediatric small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT) has not been well characterized. We undertook this study to assess MYC protein expression in a large cohort of pediatric lymphomas, sarcomas, and other SRBCT. Tissue microarrays containing 302 SRBCT were successfully evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-MYC clone Y69, with nuclear positivity scored as 0%, 1%-25%, 26%-50%, 51%-75%, or 76%-100%. MYC protein staining of >50% of lesional cells was identified in 60% of Burkitt lymphomas, 50% of B lymphoblastic lymphomas, 33% of T lymphoblastic lymphomas, 31% of rhabdomyosarcomas, 33% of Ewing sarcomas, and 25% of soft tissue sarcomas, not otherwise specified. Only 14% of neuroblastomas showed >50% staining, and of these, if known, MYCN was not amplified. No cases of Wilms tumor, synovial sarcoma, or desmoplastic small round cell tumor had >50% staining. Recurrences and metastases often had the same percentage of MYC staining (15/30). In conclusion, MYC protein exhibited variable expression across and within pediatric SRBCT subtypes. Overall, these findings provide a baseline for MYC expression in pediatric SRBCT and suggest that there may be multiple mechanisms of MYC upregulation in these different neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Chisholm
- 1 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,2 Now at Seattle Children's Hospital, Department of Laboratories, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chandra Krishnan
- 3 Dell Children's Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amy Heerema-McKenney
- 4 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- 1 Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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