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Al-hadlaq SM, Balto HA, Hassan WM, Marraiki NA, El-Ansary AK. Biomarkers of non-communicable chronic disease: an update on contemporary methods. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12977. [PMID: 35233297 PMCID: PMC8882335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases constitute a major global burden with significant impact on health systems, economies, and quality of life. Chronic diseases include a broad range of diseases that can be communicable or non-communicable. Chronic diseases are often associated with modifications of normal physiological levels of various analytes that are routinely measured in serum and other body fluids, as well as pathological findings, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Identification of at-risk populations, early diagnosis, and prediction of prognosis play a major role in preventing or reducing the burden of chronic diseases. Biomarkers are tools that are used by health professionals to aid in the identification and management of chronic diseases. Biomarkers can be diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic. Several individual or grouped biomarkers have been used successfully in the diagnosis and prediction of certain chronic diseases, however, it is generally accepted that a more sophisticated approach to link and interpret various biomarkers involved in chronic disease is necessary to improve our current procedures. In order to ensure a comprehensive and unbiased coverage of the literature, first a primary frame of the manuscript (title, headings and subheadings) was drafted by the authors working on this paper. Second, based on the components drafted in the preliminary skeleton a comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Multiple keywords related to the topic were used. Out of screened papers, only 190 papers, which are the most relevant, and recent articles were selected to cover the topic in relation to etiological mechanisms of different chronic diseases, the most recently used biomarkers of chronic diseases and finally the advances in the applications of multivariate biomarkers of chronic diseases as statistical and clinically applied tool for the early diagnosis of chronic diseases was discussed. Recently, multivariate biomarkers analysis approach has been employed with promising prospect. A brief discussion of the multivariate approach for the early diagnosis of the most common chronic diseases was highlighted in this review. The use of diagnostic algorithms might show the way for novel criteria and enhanced diagnostic effectiveness inpatients with one or numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. The search for new relevant biomarkers for the better diagnosis of patients with non-communicable chronic diseases according to the risk of progression, sickness, and fatality is ongoing. It is important to determine whether the newly identified biomarkers are purely associations or real biomarkers of underlying pathophysiological processes. Use of multivariate analysis could be of great importance in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaiman M. Al-hadlaq
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Balto
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Najat A. Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf K. El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li CH, Chan MH, Liang SM, Chang YC, Hsiao M. Fascin-1: Updated biological functions and therapeutic implications in cancer biology. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100052. [PMID: 37082587 PMCID: PMC10074911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are cellular protrusions that respond to a variety of stimuli. Filopodia are formed when actin is bound to the protein Fascin, which may play a crucial role in cellular interactions and motility during cancer metastasis. Significantly, the noncanonical features of Fascin-1 are gradually being clarified, including the related molecular network contributing to metabolic reprogramming, chemotherapy resistance, stemness ac-tivity, and tumor microenvironment events. However, the relationship between biological characteristics and pathological features to identify effective therapeutic strategies needs to be studied further. The pur-pose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the latest molecular networks and multiomics research regarding fascins and cancer. It also highlights their direct and indirect effects on available cancer treatments. With this multidisciplinary approach, researchers and clinicians can gain the most relevant in-formation on the function of fascins in cancer progression, which may facilitate clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors.
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Ma Y, Cao X, Shi G, Shi T. MiRNA-145 and Its Direct Downstream Targets in Digestive System Cancers: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2264-2273. [PMID: 33121400 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201029095702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the onset and development of many diseases, including cancers. Emerging evidence shows that numerous miRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for cancers, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of malignant neoplasm. MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been considered to play certain roles in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, via modulating the expression of direct target genes. Recent reports show that miR-145 participates in the progression of digestive system cancers, and plays crucial and novel roles in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge concerning the function of miR-145 and its direct targets in digestive system cancers. We discuss the potential role of miR-145 as a valuable biomarker for digestive system cancers and how miR-145 regulates these digestive system cancers via different targets to explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guojuan Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tianlu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Cao J, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 in human cancer: promising biomarker or therapeutic target? Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:240-264. [PMID: 33614909 PMCID: PMC7873579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) is a highly conserved actin-bundling protein that cross links F-actin microfilaments into tight, parallel bundles. Elevated FSCN1 levels have been reported in many types of human cancers and have been correlated with aggressive clinical progression, poor prognosis, and survival outcomes. The overexpression of FSCN1 in cancer cells has been associated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Currently, FSCN1 is recognized as a candidate biomarker for multiple cancer types and as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of the FSCN1 gene and protein structure and elucidate on its actin-bundling activity and physiological functions. The main focus was on the role of FSCN1 and its upregulatory mechanisms and significance in cancer cells. Up-to-date studies on FSCN1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers are reviewed. It is shown that FSCN1 is an unusual biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
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Tampakis A, Tampaki EC, Nonni A, Kostakis ID, Posabella A, Kontzoglou K, von Flüe M, Felekouras E, Kouraklis G, Nikiteas N. High fascin-1 expression in colorectal cancer identifies patients at high risk for early disease recurrence and associated mortality. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 33579217 PMCID: PMC7881491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin is the main actin cross-linker protein that regulates adhesion dynamics and stabilizes cell protrusion, such as filopodia. In human cancer, fascin expression correlates with aggressive clinical features. This study aimed to determine the expression patterns of fascin-1 and assessed its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. METHODS One hundred eleven specimens of patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer were examined via immunohistochemistry for the expression of fascin-1, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival data. RESULTS Fascin-1 staining displayed strong intensity in the cytoplasm of the colorectal cancer cells and endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels. Moderate to high fascin-1 expression was associated with progressive anatomic disease extent (p < 0.001), higher T classification (p = 0.007), the presence of lymph node (p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (p = 0.002), high grade tumors (p = 0.002) and vascular invasion (p < 0.001). Patients displaying moderate and high fascin-1 expression demonstrated a significantly worse 5-year overall survival [HR; 3.906, (95%CI) = 1.250-12.195] and significantly worse 3-year progression-free survival [HR; 3.448, (95%CI) = 1.401-8.475] independent of other clinicopathological characteristics. Besides, high fascin-1 expression in early-stage cancer only was associated with a dismal prognosis. CONCLUSIONS High fascin-1 expression in colorectal cancer is an independent negative prognostic factor for survival, increasing the risk for disease recurrence or death almost by sevenfold. Fascin-1 expression could be potentially utilized to identify high-risk patients prone to metastasis already in early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tampakis
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstraße 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ekaterini-Christina Tampaki
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Afrodite Nonni
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alberto Posabella
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstraße 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Markus von Flüe
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstraße 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- First Department of Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kouraklis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikiteas
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Fox EF, Lamb MC, Mellentine SQ, Tootle TL. Prostaglandins regulate invasive, collective border cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1584-1594. [PMID: 32432969 PMCID: PMC7521797 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While prostaglandins (PGs), short-range lipid signals, regulate single cell migration, their roles in collective migration remain unclear. To address this, we use Drosophila border cell migration, an invasive, collective migration that occurs during Stage 9 of oogenesis. Pxt is the Drosophila cyclooxygenase-like enzyme responsible for PG synthesis. Loss of Pxt results in both delayed border cell migration and elongated clusters, whereas somatic Pxt knockdown causes delayed migration and compacted clusters. These findings suggest PGs act in both the border cells and nurse cells, the substrate on which the border cells migrate. As PGs regulate the actin bundler Fascin, and Fascin is required for on-time migration, we assessed whether PGs regulate Fascin to promote border cell migration. Coreduction of Pxt and Fascin results in delayed migration and elongated clusters. The latter may be due to altered cell adhesion, as loss of Pxt or Fascin, or coreduction of both, decreases integrin levels on the border cell membranes. Conversely, integrin localization is unaffected by somatic knockdown of Pxt. Together these data lead to the model that PG signaling controls Fascin in the border cells to promote migration and in the nurse cells to maintain cluster cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Fox
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Maureen C Lamb
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Samuel Q Mellentine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tina L Tootle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Shi S, Zheng HC, Zhang- ZG. Roles of Fascin mRNA expression in colorectal cancer: Meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:119-128. [PMID: 32714534 PMCID: PMC7366232 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin (encoded by FSCN1) is a globular actin cross-linking protein that is required for the formation of actin-based cell surface processes, which are critical for cell migration and cell-matrix adhesion. In the present study, a systematic meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis was used to identify clinicopathological or prognostic parameters in patients with colorectal cancer. A total of 17 articles were included in the present study obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang data, SinoMed and CNKI databases. Odd ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the prognostic significance of Fascin expression in patients with colorectal cancer, and the association between Fascin expression and clinicopathological factors. There was a significant correlation between high Fascin expression and poor overall survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer (OR=0.48; 95% CI, 0.38-0.60; P<0.000001). The meta-analysis showed that the expression of Fascin was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue compared with the normal mucosa (OR=0.13; 95% CI, 0.10-0.16; P<0.000001) and adenoma (OR=0.23; 95% CI, 0.15-0.34; P<0.000001). Fascin expression was also associated with depth of invasion (OR=0.31; 95% CI, 0.19-0.50; P<0.000001), lymph node metastasis (OR=3.07; 95% CI, 1.72-5.46; P=0.0001), Dukes stage (OR=0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.46; P=0.001), Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (OR=0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.71; P=0.003) and dedifferentiation (OR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.94; P=0.04). According to the bioinformatics analyses, FSCN1 mRNA expression levels were higher in colorectal cancer and adenoma tissues compared with the normal tissues (P<0.05). According to TCGA, FSCN1 mRNA expression was associated with a less favorable prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer as an independent factor (P<0.05), and positively correlated with depth of invasion, microsatellite instability and low serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in colorectal cancer. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that Fascin expression is a potential marker of tumorigenesis, aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang-
- Department of Pathology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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Hafezi SA, Abdel-Rahman WM. The Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Exerts a Wide Range of Effects in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 12:230-238. [PMID: 30848227 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190306164507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic plasticizer that is commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure occurs when BPA migrates from food and beverage containers into the contents when heated or even under normal conditions of use. BPA exerts endocrine disruptor action due to its weak binding affinity for the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. BPA exerts other effects by activating the membrane receptor GPER (GPR30) and/or other receptors such as the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). OBJECTIVE This review summarizes emerging data on BPA and cancer. These include data linking exposure to BPA with an increased risk of hormone-related cancers such as those of the ovary, breast, prostate, and even colon cancer. BPA can also induce resistance to various chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and vinblastine in vitro. The development of chemoresistance to available therapeutics is an emerging significant aspect of BPA toxicity because it worsens the prognosis of many tumors. CONCLUSION Recent findings support a causal role of BPA at low levels in the development of cancers and in dictating their response to cytotoxic therapy. Accurate knowledge and consideration of these issues would be highly beneficial to cancer prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin A Hafezi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Wineland DM, Kelpsch DJ, Tootle TL. Multiple Pools of Nuclear Actin. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2014-2036. [PMID: 30312534 PMCID: PMC6293971 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While nuclear actin was reported ~50 years ago, it's in vivo prevalence and structure remain largely unknown. Here, we use Drosophila oogenesis, that is, follicle development, to characterize nuclear actin. We find that three different reagents-DNase I, anti-actin C4, and anti-actin AC15-recognize distinct pools of nuclear actin. DNase I labels monomeric or G-actin, and, during follicle development, G-actin is present in the nucleus of every cell. Some G-actin is recognized by the C4 antibody. In particular, C4 nuclear actin colocalizes with DNase I to the nucleolus in anterior escort cells, follicle stem cells, some mitotic follicle cells, and a subset of nurse cells during early oogenesis. C4 also labels polymeric nuclear actin in the nucleoplasm of the germline stem cells, early cystoblasts, and oocytes. The AC15 antibody labels a completely distinct pool of nuclear actin from that of DNase I and C4. Specifically, AC15 nuclear actin localizes to the chromatin in the nurse and follicle cells during mid-to-late oogenesis. Within the oocyte, AC15 nuclear actin progresses from localizing to puncta surrounding the DNA, to forming a filamentous cage around the chromosomes. Together these findings reveal that nuclear actin is highly prevalent in vivo, and multiple pools of nuclear actin exist and can be recognized using different reagents. Additionally, our localization studies suggest that nuclear actin may regulate stemness, nucleolar structure and function, transcription, and nuclear structure. Such findings call for further studies to explore the prevalence, diversity, and functions of nuclear actin across tissues and organisms. Anat Rec, 301:2014-2036, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylane M. Wineland
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Daniel J. Kelpsch
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tina L. Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of
Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, 1-500 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Wang G, Gu Y, Lu W, Liu X, Fu H. Fascin1 promotes gastric cancer progression by facilitatingcell migrationand epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1362-1369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhao X, Yue C, Chen J, Tian C, Yang D, Xing L, Liu H, Jin Y. Class III β-Tubulin in Colorectal Cancer: Tissue Distribution and Clinical Analysis of Chinese Patients. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3915-3924. [PMID: 27771732 PMCID: PMC5088737 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) has been reported to express at the invasive margin of colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical implication of βIII-tubulin expression at the invasive margin of colorectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 111 patients with surgically resected colorectal carcinoma for bIII-tubulin expression analysis. The cases with bIII-tubulin-positive tumor cells found only in the invasive front tumor area were assigned to the invasive front group, while the remaining cases were all assigned to the non-invasive front group. Clinical analysis of βIII-tubulin and other clinical data was performed. RESULTS The positive staining rates and staining intensity of bIII-tubulin were significantly different between the invasive and non-invasive front groups (p=0.001 and p=0.006), and there was a significant difference in tumor differentiation between the 2 groups (p=0.032). In the non-invasive front group, staining intensity of bIII-tubulin was significantly associated with positive staining rates and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.001 and p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed the tissue distribution of bIII-tubulin expression at invasive margin or diffuse distribution. Expression of bIII-tubulin was correlated with tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis, suggesting a potential role of bIII-tubulin in tumor differentiation and metastasis. This study may shed light on bIII-tubulin as a novel potential molecular target for a new anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Changli Yue
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University andBeijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Xing
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Ma Y, Machesky LM. Fascin1 in carcinomas: Its regulation and prognostic value. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2534-44. [PMID: 25302416 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous cell biological studies demonstrate that the actin bundling protein fascin1 regulates cell motility, migration and invasion. Human studies demonstrate that fascin1 is upregulated in many epithelial cancers. This review gives a brief overview of the role of fascin1 in cell migration and invasion, but focuses mainly on the regulation and clinical relevance of fascin1 in epithelial cancers. Here, we propose fascin1 as a potent prognostic biomarker for breast, colorectal, esophageal cancers and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Fascin1 may also be an attractive drug target against these carcinomas in the future, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ma
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW2170, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Wang G, Zhu S, Gu Y, Chen Q, Liu X, Fu H. MicroRNA-145 and MicroRNA-133a Inhibited Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion, While Promoted Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Via Targeting FSCN1. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3044-52. [PMID: 26173501 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of FSCN1 has been observed in human cancers. However, the regulatory mechanism of FSCN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. AIMS Our study aimed to reveal the roles of microRNA (miR)-133a, miR-145, and FSCN1 in HCC cells. METHODS Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were performed to determine the expression of miR-133a, miR-145, and FSCN1. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether FSCN1 was a target of miR-133a and miR-145. Effects of miR-133a, miR-145, and FSCN1 on HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were then investigated. RESULTS We showed that the expression of FSCN1 was increased in HCC tissues compared to the normal adjacent tissues. Moreover, upregulation of FSCN1 and downregulation of miR-145 and miR-133a co-existed in HCC. Functional studies revealed that miR-145 and miR-133a negatively regulated the expression of FSCN1 in HCC cells, via directly binding to the 3'-untranslational region of FSCN1 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-145 and miR-133a led to decreased FSCN1 expression, and downregulation of miR-145 and miR-133a resulted in increased FSCN1 expression in HCC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-145 and miR-133a inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoted apoptosis in HCC cells. On the contrary, inhibition of miR-145 and miR-133a promoted cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, while suppressed apoptosis in HCC cells. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the abnormal upregulation of FSCN1 in HCC is associated with downregulation of miR-145 and miR-133a, and miR-145 and miR-133a inhibit malignant progression of HCC in vitro, possibly via directly targeting FSCN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Wang
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghong Gu
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Fu
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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14
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Jankova L, Dent OF, Molloy MP, Chan C, Chapuis PH, Howell VM, Clarke SJ. Reporting in studies of protein biomarkers of prognosis in colorectal cancer in relation to the REMARK guidelines. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:1078-86. [PMID: 25755195 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The REMARK guidelines give authors comprehensive and specific advice on the complete and transparent reporting of studies of prognostic tumor markers. The aim of this study was to use the REMARK guidelines to evaluate the quality of reporting in a sample of studies assessing tissue-based protein markers for survival after resection of colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eighty pertinent articles were scored according to their conformity to 26 items derived from the REMARK criteria. RESULTS Overall, on a scale of adequacy of reporting that potentially ranged from 26 to 78, the median for these studies was 60 (interquartile range 54-64) and several criteria were adequately covered in a large proportion of studies. However, others were either not dealt with or inadequately covered, including description of the study design (35%), definition of survival endpoints (48%), adjuvant therapy (54%), follow-up procedures and time (59%), neoadjuvant therapy (63%), inclusion/exclusion criteria (73%), multivariable modeling methods and results (74%), and discussion of study limitations (85%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inadequacies in presentation militate against comparability among protein marker studies and undermine the generalizability of their findings. The quality of reporting could be improved if journal editors were to require authors to ensure that their work satisfied the REMARK criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Jankova
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen F Dent
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierre H Chapuis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Viive M Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Groen CM, Jayo A, Parsons M, Tootle TL. Prostaglandins regulate nuclear localization of Fascin and its function in nucleolar architecture. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1901-17. [PMID: 25808493 PMCID: PMC4436834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin, a conserved actin-bundling protein, is not only cytoplasmic but also localizes to the nucleus and nuclear periphery in both Drosophila and mammalian cell contexts. In Drosophila, prostaglandin signaling regulates this localization. In addition, Fascin plays a critical role in nucleolar architecture in both Drosophila and mammalian cells. Fascin, a highly conserved actin-bundling protein, localizes and functions at new cellular sites in both Drosophila and multiple mammalian cell types. During Drosophila follicle development, in addition to being cytoplasmic, Fascin is in the nuclei of the germline-derived nurse cells during stages 10B–12 (S10B–12) and at the nuclear periphery during stage 13 (S13). This localization is specific to Fascin, as other actin-binding proteins, Villin and Profilin, do not exhibit the same subcellular distribution. In addition, localization of fascin1 to the nucleus and nuclear periphery is observed in multiple mammalian cell types. Thus the regulation and function of Fascin at these new cellular locations is likely to be highly conserved. In Drosophila, loss of prostaglandin signaling causes a global reduction in nuclear Fascin and a failure to relocalize to the nuclear periphery. Alterations in nuclear Fascin levels result in defects in nucleolar morphology in both Drosophila follicles and cultured mammalian cells, suggesting that nuclear Fascin plays an important role in nucleolar architecture. Given the numerous roles of Fascin in development and disease, including cancer, our novel finding that Fascin has functions within the nucleus sheds new light on the potential roles of Fascin in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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16
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Zheng K, Liu W, Liu Y, Jiang C, Qian Q. MicroRNA-133a suppresses colorectal cancer cell invasion by targeting Fascin1. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:869-874. [PMID: 25621061 PMCID: PMC4301513 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a type of small non-coding RNA molecule that are involved in gene silencing and the regulation of cancer progression; miR-133a in particular has been implicated in colorectal cancer, although its specific role and underlying mechanism have yet to be determined. In the present study, the expression level of miR-133a was significantly downregulated in a number of colorectal cancer cell lines, as well as in colorectal cancer tissues compared with the normal adjacent tissues. Furthermore, the Fascin1 (FSCN1) gene was identified as a direct target of miR-133a, and the protein expression level of FSCN1 was negatively regulated by miR-133a in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, restoration of miR-133a expression and downregulation of FSCN1 protein expression suppressed colorectal cancer cell invasion, while overexpression of FSCN1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-133a upregulation on colorectal cancer cell invasion. Thus, the present data indicates that miR-133a may at least partially suppress colorectal cancer cell invasion, possibly via the inhibition of FSCN1 expression. The present study highlights the important role of miR-133a in the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Adams JC. Fascin-1 as a biomarker and prospective therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 15:41-8. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.976557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Fascin expression predicts lymph node metastasis and worse survival in small intestinal carcinoma. Pathology 2014; 46:21-4. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Chen MB, Wei MX, Han JY, Wu XY, Li C, Wang J, Shen W, Lu PH. MicroRNA-451 regulates AMPK/mTORC1 signaling and fascin1 expression in HT-29 colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2013; 26:102-9. [PMID: 23899558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The earlier studies have shown that Fascin1 (FSCN1), the actin bundling protein, is over-expressed in colorectal cancers, and is associated with cancer cell progression. Here, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating FSCN1 expression by focusing on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and its regulator microRNA-451. We found that microRNA-451 was over-expressed in multiple colorectal cancer tissues, and its expression was correlated with mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and FSCN1 expression. In cultured colorectal cancer HT-29 cells, knockdown of FSCN1 by RNAi inhibited cell migration and proliferation. Activation of mTORC1 was required for FSCN1 expression, HT-29 cell migration and proliferation, as RAD001 and rapamycin, two mTORC1 inhibitors, suppressed FSCN1 expression, HT-29 cell migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, forced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the negative regulator of mTORC1, by its activators or by the genetic mutation, inhibited mTORC1 activation, FSCN1 expression, cell migration and proliferation. In HT-29 cells, we found that over-expression of microRNA-451 inhibited AMPK activation, causing mTORC1 over-activation and FSCN1 up-regulation, cells were with high migration ability and proliferation rate. Significantly, these effects by microRNA-451 were largely inhibited by mTORC1 inhibitors or the AMPK activator AICAR. On the other hand, knockdown of miRNA-451 by the treatment of HT-29 cells with miRNA-451 antagomir inhibited mTORC1 activation and FSCN1 expression. The proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells after miRNA-45 knockdown were also inhibited. Our results suggested that the over-expressed microRNA-451 in colon cancer cells might inhibit AMPK to activate mTORC1, which mediates FSCN1 expression and cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin Road, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
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20
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Koçer NE, Kayaselçuk F. Is availability of anti-EGFR therapy for the colorectal adenocarcinomas showing fascin expression limited? Target Oncol 2013; 9:171-5. [PMID: 23588415 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) is a major cause of death. Fascin expression in CRCs was proved to be related with higher metastatic rates and poor prognosis, while metastatic patients with only wild type K-RAS gene are the candidates of recent molecularly targeted anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies. This study is designed to investigate the correlation between the fascin expression status and the K-RAS mutational status of CRCs in order to assess the availability rate of anti-EGFR therapies for patients with fascin-expressing CRCs. Immunohistochemical expression of fascin and mutational status of K-RAS were investigated in the archival materials of randomly selected 50 metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients. Strength of fascin expression and tumor percentage stained with fascin were scored semi quantitatively. c.34 > C (p.G12R), c.35 g > C (p.G12C), c.34G > A (p.G12S), c.35G > A (p.G12D), c.35G > T (p.G12V), c.35G > C (p.G12A), and c.38G > A (p.G13.D) mutations in K-RAS gene were studied by using RT-PCR. In immunohistochemical evaluation, 32 of the 50 cases stained positive with fascin, while 21 were positive for K-RAS mutations in codon 12 (10 patients) or in codon 13 (3 patients). The correlation between the positivity of fascin and the presence of K-RAS mutations, the strength of fascin staining and the presence of K-RAS mutations, and the tumor cell percentage stained with fascin and the presence of K-RAS mutations were found statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that patients with fascin-expressing CRCs have a greater tendency to carry an activating K-RAS mutation which will prevent them from taking targeted anti-EGFR therapies. Larger series are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazım Emrah Koçer
- Department of Pathology, Başkent University Adana Research and Medical Center, Adana, Turkey,
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21
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Tan VY, Lewis SJ, Adams JC, Martin RM. Association of fascin-1 with mortality, disease progression and metastasis in carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2013; 11:52. [PMID: 23442983 PMCID: PMC3635876 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin-1 is an actin-bundling protein expressed in many human carcinomas, although absent from most normal epithelia. Fascin-1 promotes filopodia formation, migration and invasion in carcinoma cells; in mouse xenograft tumor models it contributes to metastasis. Fascin-1 is an interesting candidate biomarker for aggressive, metastatic carcinomas but data from individual studies of human tumors have not yet been pooled systematically. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, using fixed and random effects models, as appropriate, to undertake meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 26 immunohistochemical studies of 5 prevalent human carcinomas were identified for meta-analysis. Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of mortality for breast (pooled hazard ratio, (HR) = 2.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48 to 4.52; P = 0.001), colorectal (HR = 1.60 (1.37 to 1.86; P <0.001) and esophageal carcinomas (HR = 1.35; CI 1.13 to 1.60; P = 0.001). There was no evidence of association of fascin-1 with mortality in gastric and lung carcinomas. Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of disease progression in breast (HR = 2.48; CI 1.38 to 4.46; P = 0.002) and colorectal carcinomas (HR = 2.12; CI 1.00 to 4.47; P = 0.05), but not with progression of lung carcinomas (HR = 0.95; CI 0.49 to 1.85; P = 0.9). Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of lymph node metastasis in colorectal (pooled risk ratio (RR) = 1.47; CI 1.26 to 1.71; P <0.001) and gastric carcinomas (RR = 1.43; CI 1.21 to 1.70; P <0.001). There was no evidence of association of fascin-1 with lymph node metastasis in lung or esophageal carcinomas. Fascin-1 was associated with increased risk of distant metastasis in colorectal (RR = 1.70; CI 1.18 to 2.45; P = 0.004) and gastric carcinomas (RR = 1.93; CI 1.21 to 3.33; P = 0.02). No association with distant metastasis in esophageal carcinomas was observed. Pooling across all the carcinomas provided strong evidence for association of fascin-1 with increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.44; CI 1.24 to 1.68; P <0.001; n = 3,645), lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.36; CI 1.18 to 1.55; P <0.001; n = 2,906) and distant metastasis (1.76; 1.34 to 2.32; P <0.001; n = 1,514). CONCLUSIONS Fascin-1 is associated consistently with increased risk of mortality in breast, colorectal and esophageal carcinomas and with metastasis in colorectal and gastric carcinomas. The results were stable to various sensitivity analyses and did not vary by predefined subgroups. These data will assist rational decision making for focusing investigations of fascin-1 as a biomarker or therapeutic target onto the most relevant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y Tan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
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Overexpression of protein S100A4 is independently associated with overall survival in stage C colonic cancer but only in cytoplasm at the advancing tumour front. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:1409-17. [PMID: 22569556 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE S100A4, a multifunctional protein, has been linked to the invasive growth and metastases of several human cancers. This study investigated the association between S100A4 and overall survival and other clinicopathological features in patients with stage C colonic cancer. METHODS Clinical and pathological data were obtained from a prospective hospital registry of 409 patients who had a resection for stage C colonic cancer. Tissue microarrays for immunohistochemistry were constructed from archived tissue. S100A4 staining intensity and percentage of stained cells were assessed in nuclei and cytoplasm for both the central part of the tumour and at the advancing front. Overall survival was analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. RESULTS Only a high percentage of cells with S100A4 cytoplasmic staining in frontal tissue was associated with poor survival (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95 % CI 1.1-2.2; p = 0.008) after adjustment for other prognostic variables. There was no association between frontal cytoplasmic S100A4 expression and any of 13 other clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS High expression of S100A4 in cytoplasm at the advancing front of stage C colonic tumours indicates a poor prognosis. Whether S100A4 can predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy remains to be investigated in a randomised clinical trial.
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Groen CM, Spracklen AJ, Fagan TN, Tootle TL. Drosophila Fascin is a novel downstream target of prostaglandin signaling during actin remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4567-78. [PMID: 23051736 PMCID: PMC3510018 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-05-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) regulate the actin cytoskeleton. However, their mechanisms of action are unknown. Use of Drosophila oogenesis—specifically nurse cell dumping—as a model shows that PGs regulate the actin bundler Fascin to control parallel actin filament bundle formation and cortical actin integrity. Although prostaglandins (PGs)—lipid signals produced downstream of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes—regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics, their mechanisms of action are unknown. We previously established Drosophila oogenesis, in particular nurse cell dumping, as a new model to determine how PGs regulate actin remodeling. PGs, and thus the Drosophila COX-like enzyme Pxt, are required for both the parallel actin filament bundle formation and the cortical actin strengthening required for dumping. Here we provide the first link between Fascin (Drosophila Singed, Sn), an actin-bundling protein, and PGs. Loss of either pxt or fascin results in similar actin defects. Fascin interacts, both pharmacologically and genetically, with PGs, as reduced Fascin levels enhance the effects of COX inhibition and synergize with reduced Pxt levels to cause both parallel bundle and cortical actin defects. Conversely, overexpression of Fascin in the germline suppresses the effects of COX inhibition and genetic loss of Pxt. These data lead to the conclusion that PGs regulate Fascin to control actin remodeling. This novel interaction has implications beyond Drosophila, as both PGs and Fascin-1, in mammalian systems, contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Jankova L, Robertson G, Chan C, Tan KL, Kohonen-Corish M, Fung CLS, Clarke C, Lin BPC, Molloy M, Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Dent OF, Clarke SJ. Glutathione S-transferase Pi expression predicts response to adjuvant chemotherapy for stage C colon cancer: a matched historical control study. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:196. [PMID: 22639861 PMCID: PMC3420323 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the association between overall survival and Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GST Pi) expression and genetic polymorphism in stage C colon cancer patients after resection alone versus resection plus 5-fluourouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Patients were drawn from a hospital registry of colorectal cancer resections. Those receiving chemotherapy after it was introduced in 1992 were compared with an age and sex matched control group from the preceding period. GST Pi expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival was analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Results From an initial 104 patients treated with chemotherapy and 104 matched controls, 26 were excluded because of non-informative immunohistochemistry, leaving 95 in the treated group and 87 controls. Survival did not differ significantly among patients with low GST Pi who did or did not receive chemotherapy and those with high GST Pi who received chemotherapy (lowest pair-wise p = 0.11) whereas patients with high GST Pi who did not receive chemotherapy experienced markedly poorer survival than any of the other three groups (all pair-wise p <0.01). This result was unaffected by GST Pi genotype. Conclusion Stage C colon cancer patients with low GST Pi did not benefit from 5-fluourouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy whereas those with high GST Pi did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Jankova
- Cancer Pharmacology Unit, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
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Abstract
Slender bundled actin containing plasma membrane protrusions, called filopodia, are important for many essential cellular processes like cell adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and the formation of cell-cell contacts. In migrating cells, filopodia are the pioneers at the leading edge which probe the environment for cues. Integrins are cell surface adhesion receptors critically implicated in cell migration and they are transported actively to filopodia tips by an unconventional myosin, myosin-X. Integrin mediated adhesion stabilizes filopodia and promotes cell migration even though integrins are not essential for filopodia initiation. Myosin-X binds also PIP3 and this regulates its activation and localization to filopodia. Filopodia stimulate cell migration in many cell types and increased filopodia density has been described in cancer. Furthermore, several proteins implicated in filopodia formation, like fascin, are also relevant for cancer progression. To investigate this further, we performed a meta-analysis of the expression profiles of 10 filopodia-linked genes in human breast cancer. These data implicated that several different filopodia inducing genes may contribute in a collective manner to cancer progression and the high metastasis rates associated with basal-type breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Arjonen
- Medical Biotechnology; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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Yamada N, Mori T, Murakami M, Noguchi S, Sakai H, Akao Y, Maruo K. Fascin-1 expression in canine cutaneous and oral melanocytic tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 10:303-11. [PMID: 22236355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fascin-1 expression was examined in 9 cutaneous melanocytomas and 47 oral melanomas. The cases were scored on the basis of extent and intensity of staining, and combined scores were calculated. Fascin-1 expression was observed in 5/9 (56%) melanocytomas and 46/47 (98%) melanomas. The combined score for fascin-1 was significantly greater in stage III/IV melanomas than in stage I/II melanomas (P < 0.05). In addition, strong fascin-1 staining was associated with a significantly shortened survival time (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fascin-1 overexpression correlates with the malignancy of canine melanoma and has the potential to be a new immunohistochemical marker to predict the clinical course of canine melanoma. In addition, targeted therapy for fascin-1 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of canine melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamada
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
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Buda A, Pignatelli M. E-cadherin and the cytoskeletal network in colorectal cancer development and metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:133-43. [PMID: 22176698 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2011.636465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the expression and functional activity of cell adhesion molecules are implicated in the development and progression of the majority of colorectal cancers (CRC). Cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin regulates cell polarity, differentiation, proliferation and migration through its intimate association to the actin cytoskeletal network. During colorectal carcinogenesis changes in intercellular adhesion and dynamic rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton result in altered signalling and migration with loss of contact inhibition. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, besides its established role in the β catenin/Wnt signalling pathway, can coordinate microtubule and actin organization during cell migration. The actin-bundling protein Fascin promotes cell motility and is overexpressed in CRC. Based on recent molecular and pathological studies, this review focusses on the role of these molecules sharing the common feature of being associated with the cytoskeletal network during colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis. The potential use of these molecules as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Buda
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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28
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Tan KL, Jankova L, Chan C, Fung CLS, Clarke C, Lin BPC, Robertson G, Molloy M, Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Dent OF, Clarke SJ. Clinicopathological correlates and prognostic significance of glutathione S-transferase Pi expression in 468 patients after potentially curative resection of node-positive colonic cancer. Histopathology 2011; 59:1057-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Schmitt J, Heisel S, Keller A, Leidinger P, Ludwig N, Habel N, Furtwängler R, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Wegert J, Grundy P, Gessler M, Graf N, Lenhof HP, Meese E. Multicenter study identified molecular blood-born protein signatures for Wilms Tumor. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:673-82. [PMID: 21913182 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wilms Tumor (WT) is the most common renal childhood tumor. Recently, we reported a cDNA microarray expression pattern that varied between WTs with different risk histology. Since the Societé Internationale d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP) in Europe initiates treatment without a histological confirmation, it is important to identify blood-born markers that indicate WT development. In a multicenter study, we established an autoantibody signature by using an array with 1,827 recombinant E. coli clones. This array was screened with sera of patients with WT recruited by SIOP or the Children's Oncology Group (COG). We report an extended number of antigens that are reactive with autoantibodies present in sera from patients with WT. We established an autoantibody signature that separates untreated patients with WT recruited in SIOP from non-WT controls with a specificity of 0.83 and a sensitivity of 0.82 at standard deviations of 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. Likewise, patients recruited in the COG in the United States were separated from the controls with an accuracy of 0.83 at a standard deviation of 0.02. Proteins that were most significant include zinc finger proteins (e.g., ZFP 346), ribosomal proteins and the protein fascin that has been associated with various types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma. Our study provides first evidence for autoantibody signatures for WTs and suggests that these may be most informative before chemotherapy. We present the first multicenter study of autoantibody signatures in patients with WT. We established an autoantibody signature that separates patients with WT from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmitt
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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