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Mishlab S, Avitan-Hersh E, Zohar Y, Szwarcwort-Cohen M, Bergman R. Immunophenotyping and viral studies in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta lesions. J Cutan Pathol 2024. [PMID: 38973067 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying pathogenesis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) remains unclear, although immunologic injury and viral etiology have been suggested. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and expand the immunophenotype of PLEVA and to search for possible viral pathogens. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of 20 patients with PLEVA and 9 patients with common inflammatory dermatoses (ID) were studied for immunophenotyping and for human herpesvirus (HHV) 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV-8, parvovirus B19, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunohistochemistry. The presence of HHV-6, HHV-7, and enteroviruses was assayed molecularly. RESULTS The numbers of CD8+ T cells and T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1)+ cells were statistically significantly higher in PLEVA compared to the ID group. Immunohistochemistry for human HHV-1 and HHV-2, CMV and HHV-8, parvovirus B19, and in situ hybridization for EBV were all negative. There was molecular evidence for HHV-7 in only one PLEVA case (5%). Molecular studies for HHV-6 and enterovirus involvement were negative in all the PLEVA specimens. CONCLUSIONS The predominant T-cell infiltrate in PLEVA is dominated by CD8+ cells, and by increased numbers of TIA1+ cells, which may indicate a cytotoxic T-cell damage to the epidermis. Viral presence was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Mishlab
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Szwarcwort-Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reuven Bergman
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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2
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Kossard S. Critical Review-A Tribute to Louis Brocq Lymphomatoid Papulosis, the Key in Exploring the Relationship of Parapsoriasis and Mycosis Fungoides. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:753-761. [PMID: 37782018 PMCID: PMC10581442 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Both parapsoriasis and LyP appear clinically as inflammatory dermatoses with a paradoxical link to cMF. A key element in addressing the relationship of parapsoriasis and MF were the results of the French and Dutch long-term registries tracking the emergence of lymphomas in the setting of LyP. Both cMF and cALCL emerged almost equally in these long-term studies. This ultimately supports that the stem cells in both cMF and cALCL are probably derived from a common stem cell shared by CD4+/CD8+ memory stem cells defining cMF and CD30+ stem cells defining cALCL. The discovery of inducible Skin Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iSALT) mesenchymal hubs incorporating Tregs, with their pleiotropic functions represents a paradigm shift and formed a translational tool in this analysis of the paradox. LyP can be recast as activated inhibitory lymphomatoid T-cell hubs derived from inducible iTregs in iSALT and the source of the common stem cell LyP line. iSALT Treg integrated mesenchymal hubs provided an emerging translational tool in redefining integrated lymphomatoid pathways. Brocq's complex scheme defining parapsoriasis as hybrid inflammatory dermatoses with a paradoxical link to cMF became a template to preserve parapsoriasis as a clinical diagnosis. Two major iSALT Treg generated inhibitory integrated lymphomatoid hubs emerged. The major CD30+TNF lymphomatoid hub has been linked to cALCL. Clinically defined chronic regressing and relapsing parapsoriasis with the histopathology of patch stage MF can be redefined as lymphomatoid parapsoriasis. This twin inhibited oncogenic memory based hub is defined by Treg modulated, CD4+/CD8+memory linked PD-1/DL-1 cytoxic complex and lichenoid histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kossard
- Kossard Dermatopathologists, Laverty Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
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3
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Santonja C, Sánchez-García FJ, Rodríguez-Rodríguez RN, Manso R, Requena L, Gil-Mateo MDP, Rodríguez-Pinilla SM. Double CD4/CD8-Positive, Nonpoikilodermic Mycosis Fungoides Expressing CD56 in a Young Man. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:936-939. [PMID: 35925554 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We report a case of mycosis fungoides (MF) in an 18-year-old man whose neoplastic T cells expressed CD4, CD8, and CD56, with no evidence of TCR-delta or Epstein-Barr virus (EBER) expression. Clinically, neither hypopigmentation nor hyperpigmentation nor poikilodermatous skin lesions were present, and the lesions subsided with oral corticoids and retinoids and environmental solar ultraviolet exposure. Our case represents the oldest patient reported so far with nonpoikilodermatous, CD8/CD56 MF and adds to the phenotypic diversity of MF in the pediatric population. This distinct phenotype does not seem to be linked to a more aggressive course than the classic CD-4 positive one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Santonja
- PathologyDepartment, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rebeca Manso
- PathologyDepartment, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- DermatologyDepartment, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; and
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4
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Nowicka D, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Hymos A, Forma A, Michalski A, Morawska I, Hrynkiewicz R, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Grywalska E. Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies for Lymphomatoid Papulosis with Particular Emphasis on the Role of the Immune System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223697. [PMID: 36429125 PMCID: PMC9688547 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a very rare disease that belongs to the group of CD30+ lymphoproliferative skin diseases. LyP is localized or generalized and usually presents as isolated or clustered red/brown-red lesions in the form of nodules and/or papules. The course of the disease is in most cases mild; however, depending on concomitant risk factors and history, it may progress to lymphoma, significantly reducing the survival rate and prognosis. Importantly, the clinical picture of the disease remains somewhat ambiguous, leading to a large number of misdiagnoses that result in inappropriate treatment, which is usually insufficient to alleviate symptoms. In addition to clinical manifestations, the histological characteristics vary widely and usually overlap with other conditions, especially those belonging to the group of lymphoproliferative disorders. Although diagnosis remains a challenge, several recommendations and guidelines have been introduced to standardize and facilitate the diagnostic process. This article reviews the available literature on the most important aspects of etiopathogenesis, clinical and histopathological features, diagnostic criteria, and possible treatment strategies for LyP, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Hymos
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Morawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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5
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Calcaterra V, Cavalli R, Croci GA, Fiori L, Fabiano A, Lunardon L, Avanzini MA, Berti E, Zuccotti G. Type D lymphomatoid papulosis with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta-like features in a child with parvovirus infection: a controversial diagnosis in the spectrum of lymphoid proliferations: case report and literature review. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:183. [PMID: 36307824 PMCID: PMC9616621 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare condition in pediatrics; LyP histological type D has been reported in only 7 children. The differential diagnosis of LyP in the spectrum of lymphoid proliferation remains controversial. Case presentation A 6-year-old boy presented to Emergency Department with a 3-week history of an erythematous papulo-vesicular itchy eruption over the submandibular regions, trunk and extremities. History, symptoms and laboratory tests were unremarkable. SARS-CoV-2 antigen was negative. The clinical suspicion of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) was posed, and topical steroids were introduced. One week after, he returned with an extensive painful scaly papulo-erythematous rash, with some ulcerated and necrotic lesions, and fever; therefore the child was hospitalized. Biochemical results were within reference limits, except for high level of C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and bilirubin. Due to a persistently high fever, systemic corticosteroid treatment was administered, with a good clinical response and an improvement of the skin lesions. Anti-PVB-19 Immunoglobulin M was detected. Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ were also recorded. Five days post-admission, most of the lesions had cleared, and the child was discharged. Methotrexate was started, with a positive response. At skin biopsy a “PLEVA-like” pattern was apparent, with a dense, wedge shaped lymphoid infiltrate featuring epidermotropism and morphologically comprising pleomorphic and blastic cells. The pattern of infiltration was highlighted by immunohistochemical stains, which prove the process to feature a CD8+/CD30 + phenotype, the latter being intense on larger cells, with antigenic loss. Polymerase chain reaction for T-cell receptor gamma (TCRG) chain clonality assessment documented a monoclonal peak. A diagnosis of LyP type D was favored. Conclusion The reported case encompasses most of the critical features of two separated entities—PLEVA and LyP—thus providing further support to the concept of them representing declinations within a sole spectrum of disease. Studying the role of infectious agents as trigger potential in lymphoproliferative cutaneous disorders and detecting novel markers of disease, such as cytokines, could have a crucial impact on pathogenic disease mechanisms and perspective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Via Castelvetro n.52, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavalli
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio A Croci
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fiori
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Via Castelvetro n.52, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Via Castelvetro n.52, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Lunardon
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Via Castelvetro n.52, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emilio Berti
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Via Castelvetro n.52, 20154, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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6
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De La Garza H, Saliba E, Rosales Santillan M, Brem C, Vashi NA. Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta as a Complication of COVID-19 Infection. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2022; 9:244-250. [PMID: 35892481 PMCID: PMC9326675 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology9030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pityriasis lichenoides is an acute and/or chronic skin disease associated with recurrent erythematous papules that self-resolve. While its etiology is unknown, preceding viral infection may play a role. We present an atypical case of a 40-year-old woman with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta as a complication of a COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette De La Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (H.D.L.G.); (E.S.); (M.R.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Elie Saliba
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (H.D.L.G.); (E.S.); (M.R.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Monica Rosales Santillan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (H.D.L.G.); (E.S.); (M.R.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Candice Brem
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (H.D.L.G.); (E.S.); (M.R.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Neelam A. Vashi
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (H.D.L.G.); (E.S.); (M.R.S.); (C.B.)
- Boston Health Care System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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7
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Lowe E, Jacobsen JR, Taylor S, Miller R, Price HN, Andrews ID. Mycosis Fungoides Preceding Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta by Twelve Years in a Pediatric Patient. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:e259-e262. [PMID: 33795555 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 15-year-old boy presented to the pediatric dermatology department with long-standing patch stage CD8+ mycosis fungoides and subsequent development of recurrent pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta eruptions. There have been rare reports of patients with chronic, recalcitrant pityriasis lichenoides developing mycosis fungoides, but we believe this to be the second case of mycosis fungoides preceding a diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides, and the first case reported in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Dermatology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME, Largo Medical Center, Largo, FL; and
| | - Harper N Price
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Israel D Andrews
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
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8
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Elbendary A, Abdel-Halim MRE, Youssef R, Abdel Halim D, Elmasry MF, Gad A, El Sharkawy DA. Hypopigmented lesions in pityriasis lichenoides chronica patients: Are they only post-inflammatory hypopigmentation? Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:68-73. [PMID: 34751445 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) lesions are reported to subside with post-inflammatory hypopigmentation (PIH); hence, the most widely perceived nature of hypopigmented macules in PLC is PIH. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies describing histopathological findings in these lesions are reported in literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypopigmented lesions encountered in PLC patients and to shed light on their histopathological features. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study included twenty-one patients with PLC recruited in a period of twelve months. Clinical characteristics of each patient were collected. A skin biopsy from hypopigmented lesions whenever present was taken and assessed with routine haematoxylin and eosin stain. RESULTS Seventeen patients (81%) were less than 13 years old. Most patients (85.7%) demonstrated diffuse distribution of lesions. Hypopigmented lesions were present on the face in 12 (57.14%) patients. Histopathologically, hypopigmented lesions showed features of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation in 19% of patients, residual PLC in 52.4% and active PLC 28.6% of patients. CONCLUSION Hypopigmented lesions in PLC were noted mainly in younger ages, histopathologically they may show features of active or residual disease, beyond post-inflammatory hypopigmentation. Consequently active treatment for patients presenting predominantly with hypopigmented lesions could be required to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Elbendary
- Dermatology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona R E Abdel-Halim
- Dermatology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa Youssef
- Dermatology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdel Halim
- Dermatology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Fathy Elmasry
- Dermatology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Gad
- Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, MA, USA.,Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Diagnostic Value of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Differentiating Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta From Lymphomatoid Papulosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 44:174-178. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Pseudomalignancies in Children: Histological Clues, and Pitfalls to Be Avoided. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:376-389. [PMID: 34449607 PMCID: PMC8395711 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “pseudomalignancy” covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a true malignancy clinically or histologically. Here, we (i) provide a non-exhaustive review of several inflammatory skin diseases and benign skin proliferations that can mimic a malignant neoplasm in children, (ii) give pathologists some helpful clues to guide their diagnosis, and (iii) highlight pitfalls to be avoided. The observation of clinical–pathological correlations is often important in this situation and can sometimes be the only means (along with careful monitoring of the disease’s clinical course) of reaching a firm diagnosis.
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11
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Dany M, Fischer AS, Mollanazar NK, Rubin AI, Elenitsas R. CD30-positive atypical lymphocytes in perniosis: a potential diagnostic pitfall in a benign inflammatory dermatosis. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 47:781-784. [PMID: 32815227 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew S Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adam I Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rosalie Elenitsas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Lupu J, Chosidow O, Wolkenstein P, Bergqvist C, Ortonne N, Ingen-Housz-Oro S. Pityriasis lichenoides: a clinical and pathological case series of 49 patients with an emphasis on follow-up. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1561-1566. [PMID: 34170558 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The classification of pityriasis lichenoides (PL) into pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA), PL chronica (PLC) or febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease (FUMHD) mixes clinical and chronological features. In this retrospective monocentric study, we aimed to investigate the relevance of the classification in routine practice. We included 49 patients (25 women, median age 41 years). The lesions were papular in 76% of patients, necrotic in 12%, and mixed in 12%. We found three histological patterns: "classical" (65%), "lymphomatoid" (13%), and "mild" (22%). The "lymphomatoid" pattern was associated with necrotic presentation and the "mild' pattern with papular lesions (p=0.012). Among the 27 patients with follow-up, 18% had relapses and 44% a chronic form. One patient had mycosis fungoides. Neither clinical nor histological aspects were correlated with disease progression. Clinical and histological pictures reflect more the intensity of epidermal injury rather than disease course. "Pityriasis lichenoides" should be preferred to the classical PLEVA/PLC classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lupu
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - O Chosidow
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Paris Est Creteil university (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - P Wolkenstein
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Paris Est Creteil university (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - C Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - N Ortonne
- Paris Est Creteil university (UPEC), Créteil, France.,Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,IMRB, INSERM U955 team Gaulard-Ortonne (NFL)
| | - S Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Créteil EpidermE, Créteil, France
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13
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Ortonne N. [Interface dermatitis, a pattern seen a wide range of dermatological diseases, Case No. 6]. Ann Pathol 2021; 41:276-279. [PMID: 33741193 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ortonne
- Département de pathologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor et université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.
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14
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Rajashekara Swamy M, Pollock S, J Goldberg L, Shen L. A case of lymphomatoid papulosis type E in a young adult: An uncommon entity. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:694-700. [PMID: 33533041 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type E is a rare variant of the primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized clinically by large necrotic eschar-like lesions and histopathologically by angiodestructive and angioinvasive infiltrates of CD30+ lymphocytes. As in other forms of lymphomatoid papulosis, type E lesions may undergo spontaneous regression after weeks, with frequent recurrences. We report a 21-year old male with an angiodestructive infiltrate of CD30+ lymphocytes manifesting as a papular eruption rather than ulceration, and suggest that this clinical phenotype might be related to the presence of CD4+ lymphocytes in the inflammatory cell infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samara Pollock
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynne J Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Section of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Machan S, Juárez Martín Á, Cullen Aravena D, Haro R, Pielasinski Ú, Fuertes L, Córdoba R, Santonja C, Rodríguez-Pinilla SM, Requena L. Acral lymphomatoid papulosis: Report of five cases, differential diagnosis, and review. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:650-658. [PMID: 33269496 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acral lymphomatoid papulosis (a-LyP) is a rare clinical variant of LyP whose diagnosis may be challenging. A case series of a-LyP was studied clinically, histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and from molecular point of view. Including ours, 25 cases of a-LyP have so far been reported. Clinically, a-LyP may present as acral involvement exclusively, in combination with mucosal lesions, (in itself a rare presentation), or in association with conventional LyP. The age of presentation was slightly higher than that of conventional LyP (55 vs 45 years) and a male predominance has been observed, as usually reported. Histopathologically, no morphological differences exclusively from conventional LyP were observed. LyP types A and E were the main variants. We describe for the first time one case of type D a-LyP. Acral LyP is a rare entity and correct diagnosis can only be reached with clinical and histopathological correlation, to avoid aggressive treatment of this indolent lymphoproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Machan
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - África Juárez Martín
- Department of Dermatology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Haro
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Úrsula Pielasinski
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fuertes
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Córdoba
- Department of Hematology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santonja
- Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Pityriasis Lichenoides: A Large Histopathological Case Series With a Focus on Adnexotropism. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:1-10. [PMID: 31880634 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is an infrequent skin disorder. The clinical manifestations are usually specific enough for a reliable diagnosis, although the histopathological assessment of a biopsy is sometimes needed to differentiate between PL and a range of other diseases. The objectives of this study were to review cases of PL managed in our hospital, confirm the classical histopathological features of PL, and identify signs that may be of value in the diagnosis of PL. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases of PL assessed in our pathology department between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrieved, and all slides were reviewed. Cases were selected only if a diagnosis of PL was initially suggested by a dermatologist and then confirmed by the histopathological assessment. RESULTS Seventy-one cases met the study criteria. The following features were almost always present: vacuolar changes or necrotic keratinocytes (100%), both superficial and deep lymphocytic infiltrates (99%), and the infiltration of lymphocytes into the adnexal epithelium (97%). The inflammatory cells were always small- to medium-sized lymphocytes. There were no eosinophilic infiltrates. Superficial perivascular and/or intraepidermal red blood cells were observed in 83% of cases. DISCUSSION We highlighted the presence of a deep dermal lymphocytic infiltrate, with a "T-shaped" periadnexal arrangement along the full length of the follicular and sudoral epithelia. This might be a feature that enables the differentiation of PL from other diseases. Our findings also prompted a number of physiopathological hypotheses for PL. CONCLUSIONS Our present results confirmed the classical histological aspects of PL and provided some useful new diagnostic features.
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Gru AA, McHargue C, Salavaggione AL. A Systematic Approach to the Cutaneous Lymphoid Infiltrates: A Clinical, Morphologic, and Immunophenotypic Evaluation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 143:958-979. [PMID: 31339758 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0294-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The evaluation of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates, both neoplastic and inflammatory, occurs very frequently in routine dermatopathologic examination and consultation practices. The "tough" cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate is feared by many pathologists; skin biopsies are relatively small, whereas diagnostic possibilities are relatively broad. It is true that cutaneous lymphomas can be difficult to diagnose and that in many circumstances multiple biopsies are required to establish a correct diagnostic interpretation. As a reminder, one should understand that low-grade cutaneous lymphomas are indolent disorders that usually linger for decades and that therapy does not result in disease cure. It is also important to remember that in most circumstances, those patients will die from another process that is completely unrelated to a diagnosis of skin lymphoma (even in the absence of specific therapy). OBJECTIVE.— To use a clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular approach in the evaluation of common lymphocytic infiltrates. DATA SOURCES.— An in-depth analysis of updated literature in the field of cutaneous lymphomas was done, with particular emphasis on updated terminology from the most recent World Health Organization classification of skin and hematologic tumors. CONCLUSIONS.— A diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates can be adequately approached using a systematic scheme following the proposed ABCDE system. Overall, cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas are rare and "reactive" infiltrates are more common. Evaluation of lymphoid proliferations should start with a good sense of knowledge of the clinical presentation of the lesions, the clinical differential considerations, and a conscientious and appropriate use of immunohistochemistry and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Gru
- From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Gru and Salavaggione) and Dermatology (Dr Gru), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and the Department of Dermatology (Dr McHargue), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chauncey McHargue
- From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Gru and Salavaggione) and Dermatology (Dr Gru), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and the Department of Dermatology (Dr McHargue), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andrea L Salavaggione
- From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Gru and Salavaggione) and Dermatology (Dr Gru), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and the Department of Dermatology (Dr McHargue), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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Mitteldorf C, Kempf W. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma—A review on the spectrum and a proposal for a new classification. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 47:76-97. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mitteldorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center Göttingen Germany
| | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik Zürich Switzerland
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Pityriasis Lichenoides, Atypical Pityriasis Lichenoides, and Related Conditions. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:1101-1112. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Wang ML, Chan MP. Comparative Analysis of Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus and Idiopathic Perniosis: Histopathologic Features and Immunohistochemistry for CD123 and CD30. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:265-271. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Inflammatory dermatoses encompass a variety of histologic patterns that affect different portions of the skin. In spongiotic, psoriasiform, lichenoid, pityriasiform, and blistering disorders, there are predominately epidermal and junctional activities with variable superficial dermal inflammation. Hypersensitivity reactions can show either epidermal or mostly dermal changes depending on whether the exposure of the exogenous allergen occurs through an external or internal route, respectively. Exceptions include erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, where the etiology is often due to infection or ingested medications, but the histologic features are almost exclusively confined to the epidermis and dermoepidermal junction. Autoimmune disorders are unique in that lesions typically incorporate a mixture of epidermal and dermal inflammatory patterns with periadnexal inflammation, while the vast majority of vasculitis/vasculopathy and alopecia have changes limited to only the vessels and hair follicles, respectively. It is critical to recognize that a relatively limited number of histologic patterns are seen in a large array of clinical entities. Therefore, clinicopathologic correlation and careful examination of histologic details are of the utmost importance when evaluating skin biopsies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Hsi
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ilana S Rosman
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,2 Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Abstract
Paraviral exanthems are distinct skin diseases due to infections with different viruses. Although no virus has been identified so far in some exanthems, the main age of manifestation, the clinical course of the exanthem, and the extracutaneous symptoms are suggestive for a viral genesis. While many viral infections are a direct result of the infection, paraviral exanthems reflect the response of the immune system to the infectious pathogens. Viruses cannot be identified in the skin. Typical paraviral exanthems include Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis lichenoides, papular-purpuric gloves and sock syndrome, and asymmetrical periflexural exanthema. Unilateral mediothoracic exanthem, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis are rare and eruptive hypomelanosis has been described recently.
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Abstract
The term, cutaneous pseudolymphoma (PSL), refers to a group of lymphocyte-rich infiltrates, which either clinically and/or histologically simulate cutaneous lymphomas. Clinicopathologic correlation is essential to achieve the final diagnosis in cutaneous PSL and to differentiate it from cutaneous lymphomas. A wide range of causative agents (eg, Borrelia, injections, tattoo, and arthropod bite) has been described. Based on clinical and/or histologic presentation, 4 main groups of cutaneous PSL can be distinguished: (1) nodular PSL, (2) pseudo-mycosis fungoides, (3) other PSLs (representing distinct clinical entities), and (4) intravascular PSL. The article gives an overview of the clinical and histologic characteristics of cutaneous PSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mitteldorf
- Department of Dermatology, HELIOS Klinikum Hildesheim, Senator-Braun-Allee 33, Hildesheim 31134, Germany.
| | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf & Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Seminarstrasse 1, 8057 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrassse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
Primary cutaneous cytotoxic lymphomas are T-cell or natural killer-cell lymphomas that express 1 or more cytotoxic markers. These neoplasms constitute a spectrum of diseases. In this review, an overview of clinical, morphologic, and phenotypical features of each subtype is provided. Differential diagnosis is discussed with attention to scenarios in which diagnostic difficulties are most frequently encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana García-Herrera
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Escalera 3, Planta 5, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- Dermatopathology Laboratory, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, South Wing, Staircase C, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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25
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Abstract
Cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ T-LPD) represent a spectrum encompassing lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL) and borderline lesions. They share the expression of CD30 as a common phenotypic marker. They differ however in their clinical presentation, the histological features and clinical course. Moreover, LyP and PcALCL show numerous clinical, histological and phenotypic variants. Overlapping features of LyP and pcALCL with themselves and with other cutaneous and systemic lymphomas emphasize the importance of careful clinicopathologic correlation and staging in the diagnosis of CD30+ T-LPD. Furthermore, an increasing number of inflammatory and infectious skin disorders harboring medium-sized to large CD30+ cells have to be considered in the differential diagnosis. Whereas the expression of CD30 in cutaneous CD30+ T-LPD stands for a favourable prognosis, its expression in other cutaneous and systemic lymphomas has a divergent impact. The assessment of CD30 expression does not only provide prognostic information, but is of potential therapeutic relevance as CD30 can serve as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the clinicopathological and phenotypic spectrum of CD30+ T-LPD, its differential diagnoses and the role of CD30 as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Alratrout J, Alshammasi F, Ansari N. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease in an 8-year-old boy responding to methotrexate. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:1205-1209. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Alratrout
- Department of Dermatology; Qatif Central Hospital; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alshammasi
- Department of Dermatology; Qatif Central Hospital; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wieser I, Wohlmuth C, Nunez CA, Duvic M. Lymphomatoid Papulosis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2016; 17:319-27. [PMID: 27138554 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-016-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a lymphoproliferative disorder that is rare among adults and even rarer among children. In adults, LyP is associated with an increased risk of secondary lymphomas. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to describe the clinical and histopathological features of LyP in children, to assess the risk of associated lymphomas, and to compare the disease to the adult form. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from inception to June 2015. Articles were included if data were extractable from studies, case series, and single reports of pediatric LyP patients. RESULTS A total of 251 children and adolescents with LyP were identified, with the mean age at diagnosis being 9.3 ± 4.6 years (n = 187). The female to male ratio was 1:1.4, and the majority of children reported on were Caucasian (n = 74, 85.1 %). The predominant histologic subtype was type A (n = 106, 79.1 %). Clinically, LyP lesions presented as erythematous papules or nodules, appearing preferentially on the extremities and the trunk. LyP has to be differentiated from pityriasis lichenoides (PL) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). PL and associated lymphomas were diagnosed before, with, and after LyP in 19 and 14 cases, respectively. Of the 14 subjects with associated lymphomas, two children developed systemic ALCL. CONCLUSION LyP has to be differentiated from ALCL to avoid erroneous treatments. Due to the increased risk of development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, lifelong follow-up and proper patient counseling are warranted.
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30
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Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Ortonne N. [Surface membrane markers (clusters of differentiation) used in dermatopathology (2): Inflammatory infiltrates]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016; 143:311-7. [PMID: 26988384 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - N Ortonne
- Département de pathologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
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31
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32
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Vonderheid EC, Kadin ME, Telang GH. Commentary about papular mycosis fungoides, lymphomatoid papulosis and lymphomatoid pityriasis lichenoides: more similarities than differences. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:303-12. [PMID: 26566599 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Vonderheid
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University and Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gladys H Telang
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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33
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De Souza A, Carter JB, Harris NL, Ferry JA, Duncan LM. Contribution of longitudinal follow up and clinical pathological correlation in the diagnosis CD30-positive skin infiltrates. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:452-8. [PMID: 25931140 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of a CD30+ cutaneous infiltrate is often difficult and requires clinicopathologic correlation. To further evaluate this challenge, initial clinical and histopathologic diagnoses were correlated with final clinicopathologic diagnosis in 44 cases with CD30 immunopositivity. Dermatopathologic evaluation confirmed the initial clinical diagnosis in 65% of the suspected benign cases, all cases of suspected lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and 72% of clinically malignant cases. In the 25 patients with clinical suspicion for lymphoma, the histopathologic diagnoses included lymphoma in 18, LyP in 2, CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder (CD30 LPD) in 3 and hypersensitivity reaction in 2 patients. Clinicopathologic correlation led to a change in three cases diagnosed histopathologically as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) reclassified as LyP type C, and one patient diagnosed as CD30 LPD clinically evolved as herpes virus infection. Furthermore, five cases reported as CD30 LPD received more specific diagnoses after clinicopathologic correlation (LyP type C in three, and ALCL in two patients). Clinicopathologic correlation is essential in establishing the correct diagnosis of CD30 LPD, in particular the distinction of ALCL from LyP type C. In this setting, the histopathologic diagnosis of CD30 LPD is advisable in the absence of clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aieska De Souza
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joi B Carter
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith A Ferry
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lyn M Duncan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Belousova IE, Mitteldorf C, Kerl K. Paediatric cutaneous lymphomas: a review and comparison with adult counterparts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:1696-709. [PMID: 25715748 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) in children is rare. Only a few studies focused specifically on paediatric CL and therefore little is known whether primary CL in children are similar to or different from their adult counterparts with respect to the clinicopathological presentation, behaviour and prognosis. An extensive literature search using PubMed/MEDLINE from January 1995 through July 2014 was undertaken for articles reporting cases of paediatric CL. In addition, we identified 31 children with CL in our institutions. Mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are the two most prevalent lymphoma forms in children. A few entities of cutaneous lymphomas such as cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type, and Sézary syndrome have not been reported so far in children. Other lymphoma entities such as hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma are mostly seen in certain geographic areas (Asia, Central and South America). In the paediatric population, low-malignant indolent forms such as primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma are very rare, whereas the more aggressive forms of B-cell lymphomas, precursor lymphoblastic lymphomas, and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm are the most common forms in children, mostly involving the skin secondarily. Most paediatric lymphomas have similar clinicopathological features and course as their adults counterparts, particularly in the group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The spectrum of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas in children significantly differs from the one in adults. Diagnostic work-up and treatment of paediatric patients with lymphomas are best achieved in close collaboration with paediatric haematopathologists and oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D V Kazakov
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I E Belousova
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Military Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Mitteldorf
- Department of Dermatology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - K Kerl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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36
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Kempf W, Kazakov DV, Szep Z, Vanecek T. CD30+ clonal T-cell lymphoid proliferation of the skin in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 42:130-5. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dmitry V. Kazakov
- Department of Pathology; Charles University, Medical Faculty Hospital; Pilsen Czech Republic
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Martinez-Escala ME, Sidiropoulos M, Deonizio J, Gerami P, Kadin M, Guitart J. γδ T-cell-rich variants of pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis: benign cutaneous disorders to be distinguished from aggressive cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphomas. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:372-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Martinez-Escala
- Department of Dermatology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; 676 North St. Clair Street Suite 1600 Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - M. Sidiropoulos
- Department of Dermatology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; 676 North St. Clair Street Suite 1600 Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - J. Deonizio
- Department of Dermatology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; 676 North St. Clair Street Suite 1600 Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - P. Gerami
- Department of Dermatology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; 676 North St. Clair Street Suite 1600 Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - M.E. Kadin
- Department of Dermatology Boston University; Roger Williams Medical Center; Providence RI U.S.A
| | - J. Guitart
- Department of Dermatology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; 676 North St. Clair Street Suite 1600 Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
- Department of Dermatology; Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center; Chicago IL U.S.A
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Kempf W, Keller K, John H, Dommann-Scherrer C. Benign atypical intravascular CD30+ T-cell proliferation: a recently described reactive lymphoproliferative process and simulator of intravascular lymphoma: report of a case associated with lichen sclerosus and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:694-9. [PMID: 25319987 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpxoe61cjdoaji] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intravascular accumulations of atypical large lymphoid cells are a rare finding in skin biopsy specimens and raise the suspicion for intravascular lymphoma. The intravascular accumulation of atypical large CD30+ T cells, however, as a reactive process is very uncommon in the skin, with only four cases documented so far in the literature. This condition, referred to as benign intravascular atypical CD30+ T-cell proliferation, has been associated with chronic inflammation after trauma. METHODS We report on a case of atypical intravascular CD30+ T-cell proliferation in a patient with ulcerated lichen sclerosus on the foreskin, discuss the differential diagnoses, propose diagnostic criteria, and review the literature on this uncommon reactive intralymphatic CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferation. RESULTS The atypical intravascular CD30+ T-cell proliferation is characterized by the accumulation of large CD30+ polyclonal T cells within lymphatics in close vicinity to ulceration or an inflammatory skin disease. There is no association with Epstein-Barr virus infection. CONCLUSIONS This benign cutaneous lymphoproliferation needs to be distinguished from intravascular T-cell lymphoma, particularly from the intravascular variant of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Obstruction of lymphatics due to lichen sclerosus with disrupted immune cell trafficking may result in the accumulation of activated CD30+ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Keller
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Hubert John
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Miquel J, Fraitag S, Hamel‐Teillac D, Molina T, Brousse N, Prost Y, Bodemer C. Lymphomatoid papulosis in children: a series of 25 cases. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1138-46. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Miquel
- Department of Dermatology Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
| | - S. Fraitag
- Department of Pathology Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
| | - D. Hamel‐Teillac
- Department of Dermatology Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
| | - T. Molina
- Department of Pathology Hôtel Dieu Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
| | - N. Brousse
- Department of Pathology Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
| | - Y. Prost
- Department of Dermatology Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
| | - C. Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology Necker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, AP–HP René Descartes‐Paris V University Paris France
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Adamson-Small LA, Ignatovich IV, Laemmerhirt MG, Hobbs JA. Persistent parvovirus B19 infection in non-erythroid tissues: Possible role in the inflammatory and disease process. Virus Res 2014; 190:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Adult pityriasis lichenoides-like mycosis fungoides: a clinical variant of mycosis fungoides. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1331-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders are the second most common types of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. They represent a well-defined spectrum encompassing lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL), and borderline lesions. They share the expression of CD30 as a common phenotypic hallmark, but they differ in their clinical presentation, course, and histologic features. New variants have been recently identified, including CD8+ epidermotropic LyP type D, angioinvasive LyP type E, and ALK-positive pcALCL. This review describes clinical, histopathologic, and phenotypic variants; their differential diagnoses (benign and malignant); and the role of CD30 as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz, Histologische Diagnostik, Seminarstrasse 1, Zürich CH-8042, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zürich CH-8091, Switzerland.
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Ally MS, Robson A. A review of the solitary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:703-14. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina S. Ally
- Department of Dermatology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Redwood City CA USA
| | - Alistair Robson
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology; St. Thomas' Hospital; London UK
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Acral Lymphomatoid Papulosis With Hemorrhagic Features Mimicking a Vasculitis. AJSP-REVIEWS AND REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/pcr.0000000000000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Markus JR, Carvalho VO, Lima MN, Abagge KT, Nascimento A, Werner B. The relevance of recognizing clinical and morphologic features of pityriasis lichenoides: clinicopathological study of 29 cases. Dermatol Pract Concept 2013; 3:7-10. [PMID: 24282656 PMCID: PMC3839824 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0304a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a lymphoproliferative disease of unknown origin; its diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and confirmed by histology. OBJECTIVES To describe clinical and histological features of PL in 29 pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective descriptive study of children (patients less than 15 years old) diagnosed with PL between 1986 and 2010 at a Reference Service in Pediatric Dermatology from South Brazil. RESULTS Twenty-nine PL cases were found by chart review in 24 years. Mean age of diagnosis was 8 years (22 to 178 months) and a mean time of diagnosis was 13.8 months (1 to 120 months). Twenty cases (69%) were male. Seasonal correlation was found with colder months in 62% of cases (p<0.01). Clinical diagnosis was pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) in 25 cases, and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) in four. Itching was the main reported symptom occurring in 13 (45%). Fourteen cases had been histologically evaluated. In six, microscopic findings were consistent with PLC, in four consistent with PLEVA, and four biopsies exhibited mixed characteristics of both forms. Concordance between clinical and histological diagnosis was seen in most cases. CONCLUSION PL occurs in children and young adults, more commonly in males, and during cold months. PLC was the more frequent clinicohistologic form, and necrotic lesions characterized PLEVA. Associating clinical and histological findings is important for differentiating between PLC and PLEVA diagnosis.
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Hervás JA, Martín-Santiago A, Hervás D, Gómez C, Dueñas J, Reina J. Varicella precipitating febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:e216-7. [PMID: 23106817 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a 9-year-old boy with skin lesions clinically and histologically compatible with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta that evolved to the severe variant febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease and finally to pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was isolated in culture medium from the skin lesions and serum serology was positive for VZV. This is the first time that a virus has been isolated in culture in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Hervás
- Institute of Health Sciences-IUNIC, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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