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Harley A, Schlapbach LJ, Johnston ANB, Massey D. Challenges in the recognition and management of paediatric sepsis - The journey. Australas Emerg Care 2021; 25:23-29. [PMID: 33865753 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric sepsis remains a leading cause of childhood death. Morbidity is high, with up to one third of children affected developing ongoing, sometimes lifelong sequelae. To address the major burden of sepsis on child health, there is need for a unified approach to care, as outlined in the Australian National Action Plan for sepsis. While the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2020 guidelines provided evidence-based recommendations for sepsis management in hospital, additional emphasis on families, pre-hospital recognition and post-sepsis care incorporating the multidisciplinary team is paramount to achieve quality patient outcomes. The role of families, paramedics and nurses in recognising and managing paediatric sepsis remains an under-represented area in current literature. The aim of this paper is to critically discuss key challenges surrounding the journey of paediatric sepsis, drawing on contemporary literature to highlight key areas pertinent to recognition and management of sepsis in children. Application of a holistic, patient-centred focus will provide an overview of paediatric sepsis, aiming to inform future development for enhanced healthcare delivery and identify critical areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Harley
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Luregn J Schlapbach
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Amy N B Johnston
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Debbie Massey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Southern Cross University, Coolangatta, QLD, Australia.
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Zimmerman JJ, Banks R, Berg RA, Zuppa A, Newth CJ, Wessel D, Pollack MM, Meert KL, Hall MW, Quasney M, Sapru A, Carcillo JA, McQuillen PS, Mourani PM, Wong H, Chima RS, Holubkov R, Coleman W, Sorenson S, Varni JW, McGalliard J, Haaland W, Whitlock K, Dean JM, Reeder RW. Critical Illness Factors Associated With Long-Term Mortality and Health-Related Quality of Life Morbidity Following Community-Acquired Pediatric Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:319-328. [PMID: 32058369 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A companion article reports the trajectory of long-term mortality and significant health-related quality of life disability among children encountering septic shock. In this article, the investigators examine critical illness factors associated with these adverse outcomes. DESIGN Prospective, cohort-outcome study, conducted 2013-2017. SETTING Twelve United States academic PICUs. PATIENTS Critically ill children, 1 month to 18 years, with community-acquired septic shock requiring vasoactive-inotropic support. INTERVENTIONS Illness severity, organ dysfunction, and resource utilization data were collected during PICU admission. Change from baseline health-related quality of life at the month 3 follow-up was assessed by parent proxy-report employing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or the Stein-Jessop Functional Status Scale. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In univariable modeling, critical illness variables associated with death and/or persistent, serious health-related quality of life deterioration were candidates for multivariable modeling using Bayesian information criterion. The most clinically relevant multivariable models were selected among models with near-optimal statistical fit. Three months following septic shock, 346 of 389 subjects (88.9%) were alive and 43 of 389 had died (11.1%); 203 of 389 (52.2%) had completed paired health-related quality of life surveys. Pediatric Risk of Mortality, cumulative Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction scores, PICU and hospital durations of stay, maximum and cumulative vasoactive-inotropic scores, duration of mechanical ventilation, need for renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal life support or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and appearance of pathologic neurologic signs were associated with adverse outcomes in univariable models. In multivariable regression analysis (odds ratio [95% CI]), summation of daily Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction scores, 1.01/per point (1.01-1.02), p < 0.001; highest vasoactive-inotropic score, 1.02/per point (1.00-1.04), p = 0.003; and any acute pathologic neurologic sign/event, 5.04 (2.15-12.01), p < 0.001 were independently associated with death or persistent, serious deterioration of health-related quality of life at month 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Biologically plausible factors related to sepsis-associated critical illness organ dysfunction and its treatment were associated with poor outcomes at month 3 follow-up among children encountering septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Zimmerman
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Russell Banks
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Athena Zuppa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher J Newth
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Wessel
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Murray M Pollack
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Kathleen L Meert
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael Quasney
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CS Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anil Sapru
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick S McQuillen
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter M Mourani
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Hector Wong
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ranjit S Chima
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Richard Holubkov
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Whitney Coleman
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Samuel Sorenson
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - James W Varni
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Julie McGalliard
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Wren Haaland
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathryn Whitlock
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - J Michael Dean
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ron W Reeder
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Zimmerman JJ, Banks R, Berg RA, Zuppa A, Newth CJ, Wessel D, Pollack MM, Meert KL, Hall MW, Quasney M, Sapru A, Carcillo JA, McQuillen PS, Mourani PM, Wong H, Chima R, Holubkov R, Coleman W, Sorenson S, Varni JW, McGalliard J, Haaland W, Whitlock K, Dean JM, Reeder RW. Trajectory of Mortality and Health-Related Quality of Life Morbidity Following Community-Acquired Pediatric Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:329-337. [PMID: 32058370 PMCID: PMC7164680 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In-hospital pediatric sepsis mortality has decreased substantially, but long-term mortality and morbidity among children initially surviving sepsis, is unknown. Accordingly, the Life After Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation investigation was conducted to describe the trajectory of mortality and health-related quality of life morbidity for children encountering community-acquired septic shock. DESIGN Prospective, cohort-outcome study, conducted 2013-2017. SETTING Twelve academic PICUs in the United States. PATIENTS Critically ill children, 1 month to 18 years, with community-acquired septic shock requiring vasoactive-inotropic support. INTERVENTIONS Demographic, infection, illness severity, organ dysfunction, and resource utilization data were collected daily during PICU admission. Serial parent proxy-report health-related quality of life assessments were obtained at baseline, 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following PICU admission utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or Stein-Jessop Functional Status Scale. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 389 children enrolled, mean age was 7.4 ± 5.8 years; 46% were female; 18% were immunocompromised; and 51% demonstrated chronic comorbidities. Baseline Pediatric Overall Performance Category was normal in 38%. Median (Q1-Q3) Pediatric Risk of Mortality and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction scores at PICU admission were 11.0 (6.0-17.0) and 9.0 (6.0-11.0); durations of vasoactive-inotropic and mechanical ventilation support were 3.0 days (2.0-6.0 d) and 8.0 days (5.0-14.0 d); and durations of PICU and hospital stay were 9.4 days (5.6-15.4 d) and 15.7 days (9.2-26.0 d). At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following PICU admission for the septic shock event, 8%, 11%, 12%, and 13% of patients had died, while 50%, 37%, 30%, and 35% of surviving patients had not regained their baseline health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides the first longitudinal description of long-term mortality and clinically relevant, health-related quality of life morbidity among children encountering community-acquired septic shock. Although in-hospital mortality was 9%, 35% of survivors demonstrated significant, health-related quality of life deterioration from baseline that persisted at least 1 year following hospitalization for septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Zimmerman
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert A Berg
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Athena Zuppa
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - David Wessel
- Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Mark W Hall
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael Quasney
- CS Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anil Sapru
- Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick S McQuillen
- Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Hector Wong
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie McGalliard
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Wren Haaland
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathryn Whitlock
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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