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Trias I, Algaba F, de Torres I, Saco A, Marimon L, Peñuelas N, Diez-Ahijado L, Sisuashvili L, Darecka K, Morató A, del Pino M, Ferrándiz-Pulido C, Ribal MJ, Ajami T, Corral JM, Gaya JM, Reig O, Ordi O, Ribera-Cortada I, García-Herrera A, Rakislova N. p53 Immunohistochemistry Defines a Subset of Human Papillomavirus-Independent Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas With Adverse Prognosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:1439-1447. [PMID: 39040011 PMCID: PMC11472902 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is classified into 2 prognostically distinct types: human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent. However, the impact of p53 status on prognosis remains controversial. We correlated HPV and p53 status with the prognosis of a large series of patients with PSCC. p53 was analyzed according to a recently described immunohistochemical (IHC) pattern-based framework that includes 2 normal and 4 abnormal patterns and closely correlates with TP53 mutational status. A total of 122 patients with surgically treated PSCC in 3 hospitals were included. Based on HPV in situ hybridization and p16 and p53 IHC, the tumors were classified into 3 subtypes: HPV-associated, HPV-independent/p53 normal, and HPV-independent/p53 abnormal. All patients were followed up for at least 22 months (median: 56.9 months). Thirty-six tumors (29%) were HPV-associated, 35 (29%) were HPV-independent/p53 normal, and 51 (42%) were HPV-independent/p53 abnormal. Disease-related deaths were observed in 3/36 (8%), 0/35 (0%) and 14/51 (27%) of the patients, respectively ( P < 0.001). A total of 7/14 deaths in the latter group were patients with tumors showing p53 abnormal patterns not recognized in the classic p53 IHC interpretation (basal, null, and cytoplasmic). According to our multivariate analysis, HPV-independent/p53 abnormal tumors and advanced stage were associated with impaired disease-specific survival (hazard ratio = 23.4, 95% CI = 2.7-3095.3; P = 0.001 and 16.3, 95% CI = 1.8-2151.5; P = 0.008, respectively). In conclusion, compared with patients with HPV-associated and HPV-independent/p53-normal PSCC, patients with HPV-independent/p53 abnormal PSCC have worse clinical outcomes. p53 IHC results define 2 prognostic categories in HPV-independent PSCC: HPV-independent/p53-normal tumors as low-risk tumors, whereas HPV-independent/p53-abnormal tumors as aggressive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Trias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Algaba
- Department of Pathology, Fundació Puigvert-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela Saco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty (Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Marimon
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Peñuelas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Diez-Ahijado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lia Sisuashvili
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Darecka
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Morató
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty (Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta del Pino
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty (Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona
| | - Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - María José Ribal
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-University of Barcelona
| | - Tarek Ajami
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-University of Barcelona
| | | | - Josep Maria Gaya
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Reig
- Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Oncology and Haematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Ordi
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty (Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adriana García-Herrera
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty (Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rakislova
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty (Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mazurec K, Trzeszcz M, Mazurec M, Kobierzycki C, Jach R, Halon A. Distribution of 14 High-Risk HPV Types and p16/Ki67 Dual-Stain Status in Post-Colposcopy Histology Results: Negative, Low- and High-Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3401. [PMID: 39410021 PMCID: PMC11476240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in histologic low-(LSIL) and high-grade (HSIL/CIN2+) squamous intraepithelial lesions through a diagnostic process in a cervical cancer prevention provides one of the key etiological factors behind further progression and persistence. Incorporating novel high-grade cervical lesion biomarkers such as p16/Ki67 dual staining (DS) alongside HPV typing has become important in detecting cervical precancers. METHODS Among 28,525 screening tests and 602 histology results, 559 cases with HR-HPV and histology results obtained from colposcopic biopsy were retrospectively analyzed, together with DS status. The χ2 test with Bonferroni correction evaluated the differences in HR-HPV type prevalence and DS positivity across three histologic study groups. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HPV 16 was observed between negative and HSIL/CIN2+ (p = 0.00027) groups, as well as between the LSIL/CIN1 and HSIL/CIN2+ groups (p = 0.00041). However, no significant difference was found between the negative and LSIL/CIN1 groups. Similarly, the DS positivity difference was significant between the negative and HSIL/CIN2+ (p < 0.0001) and between the LSIL/CIN1 and HSIL/CIN2+ groups (p < 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the negative and LSIL/CIN1 groups. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the heterogeneous nature of HPV-related cervical pathologies, and the distinct risks associated with different cervical lesion grades, emphasizing the importance of HR-HPV type distribution and DS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mazurec
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Martyna Trzeszcz
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Mazurec
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Jach
- Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Alfaraidi M, Gilks CB, Hoang L. Typing of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Why it is Important? Adv Anat Pathol 2024:00125480-990000000-00121. [PMID: 39318249 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The classification of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), as in endometrial cancer, has shifted from the histology-based descriptors toward molecular-based identifiers. Recently, it has been reported that there are 3 genetically distinct and clinically significant subtypes of VSCC: HPV-associated VSCC, HPV-independent/p53 wild-type VSCC, and HPV-independent/p53-mutated VSCC. Each group has different prognostic implications as well as response to treatment, thus reinforcing the need for this 3-tier molecular classification. This molecular subtyping can easily be done on vulvar biopsies using p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry stains to further improve risk prediction and individualized treatment decisions, leading to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alfaraidi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology, Prince Sultan Military Medical Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynn Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Prince Sultan Military Medical Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vasavada A, Stankiewicz Karita HC, Lin J, Schouten J, Hawes SE, Barnabas RV, Wasserheit J, Feng Q, Winer RL. Methylation markers for anal cancer screening: A repeated cross-sectional analysis of people living with HIV, 2015-2016. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1091-1100. [PMID: 38680109 PMCID: PMC11250920 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at highest risk of anal cancer and will benefit from optimized screening for early disease detection. We compared host DNA methylation markers in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) versus samples negative for intraepithelial lesions (NILM) or low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in PLWH. We recruited PLWH identifying as male aged ≥18 years undergoing high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) in Seattle, Washington, 2015-2016. Anal brush samples were collected for HPV detection, genotyping, and pyrosequencing methylation (host genes ASCL1, PAX1, FMN2, and ATP10A); clinical data were abstracted from medical records. We assessed associations between methylation and presence and extent of HSIL using generalized estimating equation logistic regression, adjusting for age, CD4 count and HIV viral load. Marker panels using HPV DNA and methylation were also evaluated to predict prevalent HSIL. We analyzed 125 samples from 85 participants (mean age 50.1; standard deviation 11.0 years). ASCL1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per 1 unit increase mean percent methylation: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13) and FMN2 (aOR per 1 unit increase mean percent methylation: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.20) methylation were significantly associated with HSIL versus NILM/LSIL. ASCL1 (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) and FMN2 (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.17) methylation were positively associated with increasing HSIL extent. A panel combining methylation (ASCL1 and FMN2) and HPV DNA (HPV16, HPV18, and HPV31) demonstrated best balance of sensitivity (78.2%) and specificity (73.9%) for HSIL detection compared with methylation or HPV alone. Increasing levels of DNA methylation of ASCL1 and FMN2 were positively associated with HSIL detection in PLWH. Host gene methylation testing shows promise for HSIL screening and triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Vasavada
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen C Stankiewicz Karita
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schouten
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of General Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen E Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruanne V Barnabas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith Wasserheit
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Rachel L Winer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Coelho R, Gonçalves R, Mendes F, Macedo G. Gastroenterology healthcare in LGBTQ+ individuals. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:1059-1067. [PMID: 38916210 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning individuals, as well as those with another diverse identity (LGBTQ+), present specific nuances in healthcare that physicians must consider in clinical practice. Particularly, gastroenterologists are nowadays facing different issues in several fields regarding LGBTQ+ healthcare, such as endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology, and proctology. In this study, the authors provide a practice-oriented and up-to-date review reinforcing the importance of some of the most prevalent pathologies associated with sexuality that gastroenterologists may encounter in their clinical practice. In terms of endoscopy, authors describe the endoscopic findings related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: the esophageal squamous papilloma and cell carcinoma; also highlight the importance of retroflexion maneuver during a routine colonoscopy that allows detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia lesions that can be anal cancer precursors. Regarding inflammatory bowel disease, some considerations are made about the differential diagnosis with infectious proctitis, and the topic of the risk of anal cancer due to HPV infection, in this specific population, is also addressed. Considering hepatology, the authors review the most important issues related to hepatotropic sexually transmitted infections. The authors also make some comments regarding the possibility of drug-induced liver injury in gender-affirming hormone therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. Finally, considering the proctology field, an up-to-date review is performed regarding anal cancer screening, HPV infection and related diseases, and infectious proctitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Coelho
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João
- Gastroenterology Department, World Gastroenterology Organization Training Center
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Gonçalves
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João
- Gastroenterology Department, World Gastroenterology Organization Training Center
| | - Francisco Mendes
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João
- Gastroenterology Department, World Gastroenterology Organization Training Center
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João
- Gastroenterology Department, World Gastroenterology Organization Training Center
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Scurtu LG, Scurtu F, Dumitrescu SC, Simionescu O. Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ-The Importance of Early Diagnosis in Bowen Disease, Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Erythroplasia of Queyrat. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1799. [PMID: 39202286 PMCID: PMC11353497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second-most-prevalent malignancy in humans. A delayed diagnosis of cSCC leads to heightened invasiveness and positive surgical margins. Bowen's disease (BD) represents an early form of cSCC and presents as a small erythematous, photo-distributed, psoriasiform plaque. Although certain dermoscopy features in BD are quite characteristic, histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis and provides a severity-scoring system that assists in guiding appropriate treatment strategies. The classification of precancerous lesions of the vulva and penis has undergone multifarious transformations due to variations in clinical and histopathological characteristics. Presently, erythroplasia of Queyrat is categorized as a clinical variant of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN). The diagnoses of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and PeIN present significant challenges and typically necessitate one or more biopsies, potentially guided by dermoscopy. Aceto-white testing demonstrates a notably high negative predictive value for genital precancerous lesions. Histopathological examination represents the gold-standard diagnosis in VIN and PeIN, while p16 and p53 immunostainings alongside HPV testing provide crucial diagnostic clues. The histopathologic features, degree of differentiation, and associations with lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, and HPV guide the selection of conservative treatments or surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian G. Scurtu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.S.); (S.C.D.)
- Department of Dermatology I, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Francesca Scurtu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.S.); (S.C.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sebastian Catalin Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.S.); (S.C.D.)
- Department of Dermatology I, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Olga Simionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.S.); (S.C.D.)
- Department of Dermatology I, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Moya R, Omar M, Muñoz L, SamPedro A, López-Hidalgo J, Garcia-Vallecillos C, Gómez-Ronquillo P. Safety and Immunogenicity of the Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Women Living with HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:838. [PMID: 39203964 PMCID: PMC11359547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives were to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the nonavalent human papillomavirus (nHPV) vaccine in adult Spanish women living with HIV (WLHIV); the prevalence of anal and cervical dysplasia and nHPV vaccine genotypes in the anus and cervix; and risk factors for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in anal mucosa. METHODS In this single-center, open-arm, non-randomized clinical trial, the nHPV vaccine was administered at 0, 2, and 6 months to WLHIV enrolled between February 2020 and November 2023, measuring vaccine antibody titers pre-vaccination and at 2, 6, and 7 months after the first dose. Cervical and anal cytology and HPV PCR genotyping studies were performed. Women with abnormal cytology and/or anal or cervical HPV infection at baseline underwent high-resolution anoscopy and/or colposcopy. RESULTS A total of 122 participants were included with mean age of 49.6 years: 52.5% smoked; 10.7% had anal-genital condylomatosis; 38.5% were infected by HR-HPV in the anus and 25.4% in the cervix, most frequently HPV 16; 19.1% had anal intraepithelial neoplasia 1-(AIN1); and 3.1% had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 and 2 (CIN1/CIN2). Vaccine administration did not modify viral-immunological status (CD4 [809 ± 226.8 cells/uL vs. 792.35 ± 349.95; p = 0.357]) or plasma HIV load (3.38 ± 4.41 vs. 1.62 ± 2.55 cop/uL [log]; p = 0.125). Anti-HPV antibodies ([IQR: 0-0] vs. 7.63 nm [IQR: 3.46-19.7]; p = 0.0001) and seroconversion rate (8.2% vs. 96.7% [p = 0.0001]) were increased at 7 versus 0 months. There were no severe vaccine-related adverse reactions; injection-site pain was reported by around half of the participants. HR-HPV infection in the anus was solely associated with a concomitant cervix infection (HR 5.027; 95% CI: 1.009-25.042). CONCLUSIONS nHPV vaccine in adult WLHIV is immunogenic and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, IBS-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (P.G.-R.)
| | - Raquel Moya
- Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Infectious Disease Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Leopoldo Muñoz
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, IBS-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio SamPedro
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, IBS-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Javier López-Hidalgo
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, IBS-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Coral Garcia-Vallecillos
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, IBS-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (P.G.-R.)
| | - Patricia Gómez-Ronquillo
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, IBS-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (P.G.-R.)
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Kim YC, Woo B, Kim HN, Kim KE, Jeon J, Kim C, Baek YS. Human papillomavirus detection rates in Bowen disease: correlation with pelvic and digital region involvement and specific p53 immunostaining patterns. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:848-858. [PMID: 38365318 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and Bowen disease (BD) is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the differences in HPV detection rates in BD samples across various body regions and analyse the expression patterns of p53, p16 and Ki-67 in relation to HPV presence. METHODS Tissue samples from patients diagnosed with BD, confirmed through histopathology, were retrospectively collected. Next-generation sequencing was used for HPV DNA detection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16, p53 and Ki-67 was performed. RESULTS Out of 109 patients with BD, 21 (19.3%) were HPV-positive. All identified types were α-HPVs, with HPV-16 being the most common. The HPV detection rate was significantly higher in the pelvic (9/13, 69%, P < 0.001) and digital (5/10, 50%, P = 0.02) areas compared with those in the other regions. HPV presence was significantly correlated with p53 negativity (P = 0.002), the p53 'non-overexpression' IHC pattern (P < 0.001) and p16-p53 immunostain pattern discordance (P < 0.001). Conversely, there was no notable association between HPV presence and p16 positivity, the p16 IHC pattern or Ki-67 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the oncogenic role of sexually transmitted and genito-digitally transmitted α-HPVs in the pathogenesis of BD in pelvic and digital regions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chan Kim
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Been Woo
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko Eun Kim
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiehyun Jeon
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sang Baek
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Feltes Ochoa RA, Sendagorta Cudos E, Álvarez Gallego M, Pérez-Ramos L, Herranz Pinto P. Retrospective Study of Risk Markers for Developing High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasm in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024:S0001-7310(24)00596-9. [PMID: 39032782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade anal intraepithelial squamous lesion is significantly prevalent among men who have sex with men and are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition-the precursor to anal cancer-significantly increases the risk of developing it. Conversely, low-grade anal intraepithelial squamous typically follow a benign course and usually regress spontaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS To describe a population of men who have sex with men living with HIV followed in a specialized anal cancer screening unit we conducted an observational, retrospective, and single-center study. RESULTS Ninety-four patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39±9 years, and a 87% positivity rate for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). At the initial visit, 47% presented with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The progression rate to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was 37.2 per 100,000 patients/year. None of the patients developed anal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were associated with this progression. DISCUSSION In this series, longer duration of HIV infection, tobacco and alcohol use and the presence of HR-HPV were significantly associated with the occurrence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions. A lower risk of progression was seen in patients with higher education. CONCLUSION In men who have sex with men living with HIV, the association of factors such as smoking, alcohol, the presence of HR-HPV and an increased burden of human papillomavirus disease makes these patients more susceptible to develop high-grade anal squamous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Feltes Ochoa
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - E Sendagorta Cudos
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, CIBERINFEC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M Álvarez Gallego
- Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - L Pérez-Ramos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - P Herranz Pinto
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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10
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Bruno MT, Panella MM, Valenti G, Di Grazia S, Sgalambro F, Farina J, Previti M, Mereu L. Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN) after Hysterectomy Is Strongly Associated with Persistent HR-HPV Infection. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2524. [PMID: 39061164 PMCID: PMC11274675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The data from the literature show that women undergoing a LEEP due to CIN3 have a greater risk of having subsequent high-grade anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer, and the risk is greater for vaginal cancer than for anal and vulvar cancers. It is hypothesized that the laparoscopic hysterectomy procedure may cause a higher incidence of VaIN in hysterectomized women. There are few studies addressing this issue, and they show mixed results. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of high-grade or severe VaIN in the population of women undergoing hysterectomy for CIN3 or benign uterine disease and illustrate the treatment options and follow-up. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 170 women who underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy due to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) or benign gynecological disease. The follow-up strategy included performing a cotest and colposcopy with biopsy if necessary. The median time between primary treatment and a diagnosis of high-grade VaIN was 18 months. RESULTS High-grade or severe VaIN was found in eight patients after hysterectomy (4.7%). All cases of high-grade VaIN occurred in women with persistent HPV infection. The most frequent genotype was 16. Women hysterectomized due to CIN3 showed an eight-fold greater risk than women hysterectomized due to benign disease of developing high-grade VaIN. The risk of VaIN is low in women hysterectomized due to benign disease. The risk of developing VaIN is greater in women with viral persistence. CONCLUSION All these elements suggest that it is a history of HPV-related disease of the lower genital tract and viral persistence, rather than hysterectomy itself, that should be considered risk factors for the development of high-grade VaIN. After hysterectomy, patients with a history of CIN should undergo annual screening with vaginal dome cytology and HPV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bruno
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Rodolico University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.P.); (S.D.G.); (F.S.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, Chirmed, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Marco Marzio Panella
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Rodolico University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.P.); (S.D.G.); (F.S.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, Chirmed, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Valenti
- Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, Chirmed, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Humanitas Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Grazia
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Rodolico University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.P.); (S.D.G.); (F.S.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Sgalambro
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Rodolico University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.P.); (S.D.G.); (F.S.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Jessica Farina
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Miriam Previti
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Rodolico University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.P.); (S.D.G.); (F.S.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Liliana Mereu
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialty, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Rodolico University Hospital, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.P.); (S.D.G.); (F.S.); (M.P.); (L.M.)
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11
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Horn LC, Brambs CE, Aktas B, Dannenmann A, Einenkel J, Höckel M, Krücken I, Taubenheim S, Teichmann G, Obeck U, Stiller M, Höhn AK. Human Papilloma Virus-Independent/p53abnormal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Associated With Uterine Prolapse. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2024:00004347-990000000-00180. [PMID: 38959413 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge about the morphologic and molecular characteristics of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs) associated with uterine prolapse is very limited. Detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical (p16, p53, and cytokeratin 17), as well as molecular evaluation for human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA and p53-mutational analyses in 4 consecutive CSCCs associated with uterine prolapse with definition of a hitherto not well-described HPV-independent/p53abnormal precursor lesion (HPV-independent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN; differentiated CIN]) and molecular tumorigenetic pathway. Cases diagnosed within 7 years with a mean age of 75 (range: 69-83) years and a mean tumor size of 7.3 cm (range: 5.2-9.4 cm). All patients presented with locally advanced disease, and 1 woman died of the disease within 4, and another within 14 months of follow-up. All CSCCs and their adjacent precursor lesions were negative for p16, with aberrant p53-expression and diffuse and strong staining for cytokeratin 17. Both the CSCCs and their precursors were negative for HPV-DNA but harbored a TP53 mutation. The precursor lesions were characterized by epithelial thickening with superficial keratinization, and the presence of basal and parabasal keratinocytes with mitotic figures beyond the basal layer, thus showing features similar to those seen in differentiated types of vulvar intraepithelial lesions (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia [VIN] syn. HPV-independent/p53abn VIN), suggesting the terminology of differentiated CIN or HPV-independent/p53abn CIN. An HPV-independent pathogenetic pathway with a p53-alteration was identified for these cases. CSCC associated with uterine prolapse represents HPV-independent tumors harboring a TP53 mutation. For the first time, a precursor lesion of HPV-independent CSCC of the uterine cervix is described with a differentiated VIN-like morphology, and a separate tumorigenic pathway defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Christian Horn
- Division of Breast Gynecologic and Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine E Brambs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgical Oncology, Institute of Trier, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Dannenmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sana Country Hospital, Borna, Germany
| | - Jens Einenkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sana Country Hospital, Borna, Germany
| | - Michael Höckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgical Oncology, Institute of Trier, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irene Krücken
- Division of Breast Gynecologic and Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gero Teichmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich-Braun City Hospital, Zwickau, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obeck
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Stiller
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Kathrin Höhn
- Division of Breast Gynecologic and Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Calcagno M, Incocciati B, Di Fraia L, Unfer V. Counteracting HPV Cervical and Anal Infection through Dietary Supplementation of EGCG, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Hyaluronic Acid: Clinical Case Reports. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3597. [PMID: 38930126 PMCID: PMC11204999 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the management of its persistence is still a great medical challenge. Recently, scientific evidence has supported the potential therapeutic effects of four combined natural molecules-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), folic acid, vitamin B12 and hyaluronic acid (HA)-in counteracting HPV DNA positivity and related cytological lesions. Methods: Each patient of these five clinical cases had persistent HPV positivity in the anogenital site and assumed a dietary supplement based on a combination of 200 mg of EGCG, 50 mg of HA, 1 mg of vitamin B12 and 400 mcg of folic acid (Pervistop®, Farmares s.r.l., Rome, Italy) at a dosage of 1 or 2 caps/day for 6 or 3 months, respectively, depending on clinical history. Results: After treatment, all the patients reported a negative HPV DNA test and improved cytological lesions, thus demonstrating the ability of these combined molecules to counteract both anal and cervical HPV infection and related manifestations. Conclusions: Overall, these data corroborate previous evidence about the effectiveness of such natural molecules in the management of HPV infection and its persistence. Naturally, further studies with a larger population and long-term follow-up will contribute to reinforce the positive effects of this dietary supplement in counteracting HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calcagno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Spirito Hospital, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Vittorio Unfer
- A.G.Un.Co. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, 00155 Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus–Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
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13
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Roof KA, Wichmann HK, Carlton LJ, Nguyen ML, Birdsong GG, Blemur DM, Flowers LC. Factors associated with loss to follow up after abnormal cervical cancer screening in pregnancy. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 185:46-50. [PMID: 38368812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors associated with loss to follow up in patients referred for colposcopy after abnormal cervical cytology during pregnancy in a Southern safety net hospital population. METHODS An urban colposcopy center was queried for patients referred for follow up of abnormal cervical cytology during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Patients were identified through a standardized referral code in the electronic medical record. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare patient characteristics between those who followed up for colposcopy and those lost to follow up. Independent risk factors assessed included age, parity, race, insurance, HIV status, history of mental illness, BMI, gestational age and trimester at screening, cytology at colposcopy referral, interval days until colposcopy, and biopsy histology. RESULTS 1063 patients were identified, with 40.8% of patients who completed referred colposcopy. Patient characteristics predictive for colposcopy follow up included: maternal age at referral cervical cytology >30 years (1.67; 1.27-2.20; < 0.003), gestational age < 18 weeks at abnormal cervical cytology (1.57; 1.23-2.01; <0.0002), maternal race non-African American (2.20; 1.32-3.65; <0.0024) and with high grade cervical cytology (2.42; 1.81-3.24; <0.0001). CONCLUSION In this population, inadequate follow up for abnormal cervical cytology during pregnancy is prominent, especially among those with younger maternal age, African American (AA) race, cervical cytology completed at later gestational ages of pregnancy, and low-grade initial cytology. Higher no-show rate among AA patients supports well-documented health disparities and need for further investigation and protocols to identify those at risk for loss to follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Roof
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hannah K Wichmann
- UPMC Magee Womens Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura J Carlton
- Mission Hospital-Asheville, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asheville, NC, United States of America
| | - Minh L Nguyen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - George G Birdsong
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Danielle M Blemur
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa C Flowers
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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14
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Höhn AK, Forberger M, Alfaraidi M, Gilks CB, Brambs CE, Höckel M, Hoang L, Singh N, Horn LC. High concordance of molecular subtyping between pre-surgical biopsy and surgical resection specimen (matched-pair analysis) in patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma using p16- and p53-immunostaining. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 185:17-24. [PMID: 38342005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) can be stratified into three molecular subtypes based on the immunoexpression of p16 and p53: HPV-independent p53-abnormal (p53abn) (most common, biologically aggressive), HPV-associated, with p16-overexpression (second most common, prognostically more favourable) and more recently recognised HPV-independent p53-wildtype (p53wt) (rarest subtype, prognostically intermediate). Our aim was to determine whether molecular subtypes can be reliably identified in pre-operative biopsies and whether these correspond to the subsequent vulvectomy specimen. METHODS Matched-paired pre-surgical biopsies and subsequent resection specimen of 57 patients with VSCC were analysed for the immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p53 by performing a three-tiered molecular subtyping to test the accuracy rate. RESULTS Most cases 36/57 (63.2%) belonged to the HPV-independent (p53-abn) molecular subtype, followed by HPV-associated 17/57 (29.8%) and HPV-independent (p53wt) 4/57 (7.0%). The overall accuracy rate on biopsy was 91.2% (52/57): 97.3% for p53-abnormal, 94.1% for p16-overexpression and 50% for p16-neg/p53-wt VSCC. Incorrect interpretation of immunohistochemical p53 staining pattern was the reason for discordant results in molecular subtyping in all five cases. In one case there was an underestimation of p53 pattern (wildtype instead of abnormal/aberrant) and in one case an overestimation of the p53 staining pattern (abnormal/aberrant instead of wildtype). In 3/5 there was a "double positive" staining result (p16 overexpression and abnormal/aberrant p53 staining pattern). In that cases additional molecular workup is required for correct molecular subtyping, resulting in an overall need for molecular examination of 3/57 (3.5%). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the final resections specimen, the three-tiered molecular classification of VSCC can be determined on pre-surgical biopsies with a high accuracy rate. This enables more precise surgical planning, prediction of the response to (chemo) radiation, selection of targeted therapies and planning of the optimal follow-up strategy for patients in the age of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrin Höhn
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Gynecologic Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mirjam Forberger
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Gynecologic Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mona Alfaraidi
- Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada; Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Michael Höckel
- Leipzig School of Radical Pelvic Surgery, Division of Surgical Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lynn Hoang
- Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Naveena Singh
- Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lars-Christian Horn
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Gynecologic Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Liang B, Zhao J, Kim Y, Barry-Holson KQ, Bingham DB, Charville GW, Darragh TM, Folkins AK, Howitt BE, Kong CS, Longacre TA, McHenry AJ, Toland AMS, Zhang X, Lim K, Khan MJ, Kang D, Yang EJ. Scattering-Based Light-Sheet Microscopy Imaging of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Squamous Lesions of the Anal Canal: A Proof-of-Principle Study. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100493. [PMID: 38615709 PMCID: PMC11193612 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Demand for anal cancer screening is expected to rise following the recent publication of the Anal Cancer-HSIL Outcomes Research trial, which showed that treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions significantly reduces the rate of progression to anal cancer. While screening for human papillomavirus-associated squamous lesions in the cervix is well established and effective, this is less true for other sites in the lower anogenital tract. Current anal cancer screening and prevention rely on high-resolution anoscopy with biopsies. This procedure has a steep learning curve for providers and may cause patient discomfort. Scattering-based light-sheet microscopy (sLSM) is a novel imaging modality with the potential to mitigate these challenges through real-time, microscopic visualization of disease-susceptible tissue. Here, we report a proof-of-principle study that establishes feasibility of dysplasia detection using an sLSM device. We imaged 110 anal biopsy specimens collected prospectively at our institution's dysplasia clinic (including 30 nondysplastic, 40 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 40 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion specimens) and found that these optical images are highly interpretable and accurately recapitulate histopathologic features traditionally used for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus-associated squamous dysplasia. A reader study to assess diagnostic accuracy suggests that sLSM images are noninferior to hematoxylin and eosin images for the detection of anal dysplasia (sLSM accuracy = 0.87; hematoxylin and eosin accuracy = 0.80; P = .066). Given these results, we believe that sLSM technology holds great potential to enhance the efficacy of anal cancer screening by allowing accurate sampling of diagnostic tissue at the time of anoscopy. While the current imaging study was performed on ex vivo biopsy specimens, we are currently developing a handheld device for in vivo imaging that will provide immediate microscopic guidance to high-resolution anoscopy providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Liang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keegan Q Barry-Holson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David B Bingham
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Teresa M Darragh
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ann K Folkins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christina S Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Austin J McHenry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Angus M S Toland
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Koeun Lim
- Biotronik Neuro, Lake Oswego, Oregon
| | - Michelle J Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dongkyun Kang
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric J Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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16
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Mutetwa T, Liu Y, Silvera R, Evans M, Yurich M, Tripodi J, Leonard I, Houldsworth J, Gümüş Z, Bowcock AM, Sigel K, Gaisa M, Polak P. Host Nuclear Genome Copy Number Variations Identify High-Risk Anal Precancers in People Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 96:190-195. [PMID: 38630441 PMCID: PMC11108747 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV (PLWH) have substantially increased incidence of anal precancer and cancer. There are very little data regarding genomic disturbances in anal precancers among PLWH. In this study, specific chromosomal variants were identified in anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. METHODS Overall, 63 anal biopsy specimens (27 low-grade intraepithelial lesions [LSIL] and 36 high-grade intraepithelial lesions [HSIL]) were collected from PLWH obtained as part of anal cancer screening in our NYC-based health system. Data on patient demographics, anal cytological, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) diagnoses were collected. Specimens were tested for a panel of chromosomal alterations associated with HPV-induced oncogenesis using fluorescence in situ hybridization, and analyses compared the associations of these alterations with clinical characteristics. RESULTS Gains of 3q26, 5p15, 20q13, and cen7 were detected in 42%, 31%, 31%, and 19% of HSIL compared with 7%, 0%, 4%, and 0% of LSIL, respectively. If at least 1 abnormality was observed, 89% had a 3q26 gain. In lesions with 5p15 gains, 20q13 gains co-occurred in 91% of cases, while cen7 gain only co-occurred with the other 3 alterations. The sensitivity and specificity of any alteration to predict HSIL were 47% (95% CI: 30%-65%) and 93% (95% CI: 76%-99%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Genomic alterations seen in HPV-associated cancers may help distinguish anal LSIL from HSIL. 3q26 amplification may be an early component of anal carcinogenesis, preceding 5p16, 20q13, and/or chr7. IMPACT Insights into potential genomic biomarkers for discriminating high-risk anal precancers are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinaye Mutetwa
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Silvera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Evans
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Yurich
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Tripodi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Issa Leonard
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeynep Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M. Bowcock
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Sigel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Gaisa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Cabibi D, Giannone AG, Quattrocchi A, Lo Coco R, Formisano E, Porcasi R, Benfante V, Comelli A, Capra G. High-Risk HPV CISH Detection in Cervical Biopsies with Weak and/or Focal p16 Immunohistochemical Positivity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5354. [PMID: 38791395 PMCID: PMC11121605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In cervical biopsies, for diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related conditions, the immunohistochemical staining for p16 has a diagnostic value only if diffusely and strongly positive, pattern named "block-like". "Weak and/or focal (w/f) p16 expression" is commonly considered nonspecific. In our previous study, we demonstrated the presence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA by LiPa method in biopsies showing w/f p16 positivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of hrHPV-DNA by CISH in the areas showing w/f p16 expression. We assessed the presence of hrHPV16, 18, 31, 33, 51 by CISH in a group of 20 cervical biopsies showing w/f p16 expression, some with increased Ki67, and in 10 cases of block-like expression, employed as control. The immunohistochemical p16 expression was also assessed by digital pathology. hrHPV-CISH nuclear positivity was encountered in 12/20 cases of w/f p16 expression (60%). Different patterns of nuclear positivity were identified, classified as punctate, diffuse and mixed, with different epithelial distributions. Our results, albeit in a limited casuistry, show the presence of HPV in an integrated status highlighted by CISH in w/f p16 positive cases. This could suggest the necessity of a careful follow-up of the patients with "weak" and/or "focal" immunohistochemical patterns of p16, mainly in cases of increased Ki67 cell proliferation index, supplemented with molecular biology examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Quattrocchi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Lo Coco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Formisano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossana Porcasi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Benfante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Capra
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Chen J, Ln H. A review of prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: Evidence from the last decade. Semin Diagn Pathol 2024; 41:140-153. [PMID: 32988675 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is a rare gynecologic cancer that is associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality, particularly for recurrent disease. This review summarizes the evidence and continued challenges, regarding the traditional clinicopathologic factors used to prognosticate vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Articles published within the last 10 years (2010-2020) were identified. Relevant articles concerning the following fifteen prognostic factors were reviewed: HPV/p16 status, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, patient age, tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor size, depth of invasion, stromal changes, histologic patterns of invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), perineural invasion, lymph node metastases, tumour focality, margin status and lichen sclerosus (LS). The relationship between each prognostic factor and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), including hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values, were extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chen
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Hoang Ln
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, BC, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center (GPEC), BC, Canada.
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19
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Suzuki H, Kondo Y, Oda C, Nishikawa T, Takeuchi M, Tatsumi S, Hosokawa S, Irino S, Uchiyama T, Fujii T, Norimatsu Y. Can Mitotic Figures in Hyperchromatic Crowded Groups be Cytodiagnostic Criteria for High-Grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesions? J Cytol 2024; 41:116-122. [PMID: 38779606 PMCID: PMC11108039 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_156_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of mitoses in hyperchromatic crowded groups (HCGs) in cervical cytological specimens can serve as cytological criteria for high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSILs). Methods and Material Various parameters were examined, including the frequency of mitotic figures per high power field (HPF) in Pap, hematoxylin eosin (HE) samples, and PHH3 immunocytochemical (ICC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Results In the Pap and PHH3-ICC samples, the number of mitotic figures observed in HCGs was significantly higher in HSIL (P < 0.001) compared to other groups. Furthermore, the frequency of observing two or more mitoses was significantly higher in HSIL (Pap: P = 0.002, PHH3-ICC: P < 0.001) than in low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSILs). Moreover, a comparison between Pap samples and PHH3-ICC showed that the frequency of two or more mitoses was significantly higher in the PHH3-ICC analysis of HSIL (P = 0.042). Regarding HE and PHH3-IHC samples, counting the number of mitoses in the lower and middle/upper layers of the squamous epithelial layer revealed that HSIL had a significantly higher value (HE: P = 0.0089, PHH3-IHC: P = 0.0002) than LSIL in the middle/upper layers. Conclusions Hence, the presence of two or more mitotic figures in HCGs per HPF in cervical cytology indicates a suspicion of HSIL. The detection of mitoses in PHH3-ICC samples is more sensitive and easier to observe than in Pap samples, making it a valuable mitotic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisae Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yumeno Kondo
- Department of Medical Technology, The Graduate School of Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Chihiro Oda
- Department of Medical Technology, The Graduate School of Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Mao Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Tatsumi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Sho Hosokawa
- Department of Medical Technology, The Graduate School of Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Irino
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, The Graduate School of Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
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20
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Vohra P, Khorsandi N, Baskota SU. A comprehensive review of anal cancer-with a special focus on anal cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2024; 13:122-140. [PMID: 38097479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of anal cancer is relatively uncommon, but its incidence has been steadily increasing in high-risk populations. In the 2001 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, anal cytology was introduced as a component. Since then, it has been recognized as a potential tool for screening anal cancer, often in conjunction with high-resolution anoscopy. There are notable similarities between anal cancer and cervical cancer, including the causative role of human papillomavirus. However, there are also significant differences, particularly in terms of disease prevalence. Anal cytology may be used as a primary screening test, and in the event of abnormalities, patients are subsequently directed for high-resolution anoscopy. However, the best approach for anal cancer screening is yet to be determined and uniformly implemented. This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology and incidence of anal precursor and malignant lesions. It explores the various methods of sample procurement, preparation, interpretation (including sensitivity and specificity), and reporting terminology in anal cytology. The article also addresses the significance of concurrent high-risk human papillomavirus screening in anal cytology and its role in screening programs. Furthermore, it discusses the follow-up, prevention, and subsequent management strategies for anal cancers. By synthesizing current knowledge in these areas, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of anal cytology and its implications in the early detection, prevention, and management of anal neoplasia and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Nikka Khorsandi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Swikrity Upadhyay Baskota
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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21
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Mazurec K, Trzeszcz M, Mazurec M, Streb J, Halon A, Jach R. Should we use risk selection tests for HPV 16 and/or 18 positive cases: Comparison of p16/Ki67 and cytology. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29500. [PMID: 38440951 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Major screening abnormalities in precolposcopic stage are tests results that imply direct referral to colposcopy (and/or expedited treatment) without performing additional high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) risk selection testing. Currently, both clinically validated HSIL+ risk selection tests, reflex cytology and reflex p16/Ki67 dual staining (DS), are being compared for use in primary human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening to avoid possible overtreatment, but there is still no sufficient data available for their performance. Among 30 066 liquid-based cervical cancer screening tests results, a group of 332 women was selected with available high-risk types of HPV tests results with 16/18 limited genotyping, liquid-based cytology, DS, and histology results from standardized colposcopy with biopsy. In HPV 16/18+ cases, three triage approaches were retrospectively analyzed. Predictive values for detection of HSIL+ were calculated and number of colposcopies required in each strategy. Both triage models with DS used (reflex cytology followed by DS, and reflex DS alone in all cases) had significantly higher positive predictive value for HSIL+ than strategy with reflex cytology alone (44.2%/45.7% vs. 28.3%; p < 0.0001). In models with DS, less colposcopies were required (95/92 vs. 152) and less colposcopies were needed per HSIL+ detection (2.26/2.19 vs. 3.54). Only one HSIL+ case was missed in both triage models with DS incorporation. p16/Ki67 dual-stain may be an effective, alone or combined with cytology, triage test to detect HSIL+ in patients with major screening abnormalities in primary HPV-based cervical cancer screening. Performing cytology as the first triage test improves the strategy by enabling referrals to expedited treatment in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Trzeszcz
- Corfamed Woman's Health Center, Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Streb
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Jach
- Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Preti M, Boldorini R, Gallio N, Cavagnetto C, Borella F, Pisapia E, Ribaldone R, Bovio E, Bertero L, Airoldi C, Cassoni P, Remorgida V, Benedetto C. Human papillomavirus genotyping in high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A multicentric Italian study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29474. [PMID: 38373185 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in a large cohort of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) (vaginal HSIL, VaIN2/3) patients from two Italian referral centers. We included all patients with histologically confirmed VaIN2/3 from the Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant'Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy, and Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy, between 2003 and 2022. After the histological evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, we performed HPV genotyping with VisionArray HPV Chip 1.0. We detected HPV DNA in 94.4% of VaIN2/3 (168/178), with HPV 16 as the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 51.8% of all infections, 41.2% of VaIN2 and 77.6% of VaIN3 cases. Other frequent genotypes were HPV 58 (8.3%, 10.9% of VaIN2 and 2.0% of VaIN3), HPV 73 (5.4%, 5.0% of VaIN2 and 6.1% of VaIN3), and HPV 31 (5.4%, 6.7% of VaIN2 and 2.0% of VaIN3). 73.2% of VaIN2/3 had a single HPV genotype infection and 26.8% a multiple infection (20.8% a double infection, 4.8% a triple infection, and 1.2% a quadruple infection). Single infection was more frequently present in VaIN3 than VaIN2 (81.6% vs. 69.8%). 69.1% of single infections and 73.3% of multiple infections had one or more genotypes covered by nine-valent HPV vaccine. HPV vaccination is expected to have a large impact on reducing the incidence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Preti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant' Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Niccolò Gallio
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 2, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant' Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Cavagnetto
- Department of Maternal-Neonatal and Infant Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ospedale Degli Infermi, University of Turin, Biella, Italy
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant' Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Pisapia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ribaldone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Enrica Bovio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Airoldi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentino Remorgida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, Sant' Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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23
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Ouh YT, Kim TJ, Ju W, Kim SW, Jeon S, Kim SN, Kim KG, Lee JK. Development and validation of artificial intelligence-based analysis software to support screening system of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1957. [PMID: 38263154 PMCID: PMC10806233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, often proves fatal and stems from precursor lesions caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Accurate and early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Current screening methods, such as the Pap test, liquid-based cytology (LBC), visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and HPV DNA testing, have limitations, requiring confirmation through colposcopy. This study introduces CerviCARE AI, an artificial intelligence (AI) analysis software, to address colposcopy challenges. It automatically analyzes Tele-cervicography images, distinguishing between low-grade and high-grade lesions. In a multicenter retrospective study, CerviCARE AI achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 98% for high-risk groups (P2, P3, HSIL or higher, CIN2 or higher) and a specificity of 95.5%. These findings underscore CerviCARE AI's potential as a valuable diagnostic tool for highly accurate identification of cervical precancerous lesions. While further prospective research is needed to validate its clinical utility, this AI system holds promise for improving cervical cancer screening and lessening the burden of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Taek Ouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seob Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Nyung Kim
- R&D Center, NTL Medical Institute, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, 24, Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Spindler L, Etienney I, Abramowitz L, de Parades V, Pigot F, Siproudhis L, Adam J, Balzano V, Bouchard D, Bouta N, Bucau M, Carlo A, Chanal J, Charpentier C, Clifford G, Draullette M, Fathallah N, Ferré V, Fléjou JF, Fouéré S, Higuero T, Kassouri L, Kurt S, Laurain A, Leclerc E, Lepiller Q, Lesage AC, Mège D, Ménard A, Merle P, Mortreux P, Noël C, Péré H, Prétet JL, Roland D, Staumont G, Tracanelli L, Vuitton L, Wylomanski S, Zaegel-Faucher O. Screening for precancerous anal lesions linked to human papillomaviruses: French recommendations for clinical practice. Tech Coloproctol 2024; 28:23. [PMID: 38198036 PMCID: PMC10781838 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In France, about 2000 new cases of anal cancer are diagnosed annually. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type, mostly occurring secondary to persistent HPV16 infection. Invasive cancer is preceded by precancerous lesions. In addition to patients with a personal history of precancerous lesions and anal cancer, three groups are at very high risk of anal cancer: (i) men who have sex with men and are living with HIV, (ii) women with a history of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) or vulvar HPV cancer, and (iii) women who received a solid organ transplant more than 10 years ago. The purpose of screening is to detect HSILs so that they can be treated, thereby reducing the risk of progression to cancer. All patients with symptoms should undergo a proctological examination including standard anoscopy. For asymptomatic patients at risk, an initial HPV16 test makes it possible to target patients at risk of HSILs likely to progress to cancer. Anal cytology is a sensitive test for HSIL detection. Its sensitivity is greater than 80% and exceeds that of proctological examination with standard anoscopy. It is indicated in the event of a positive HPV16 test. In the presence of cytological abnormalities and/or lesions and a suspicion of dysplasia on clinical examination, high-resolution anoscopy is indicated. Performance is superior to that of proctological examination with standard anoscopy. However, this technique is not widely available, which limits its use. If high-resolution anoscopy is not possible, screening by a standard proctological examination is an alternative. There is a need to develop high-resolution anoscopy and triage tests and to evaluate screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spindler
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.
| | - I Etienney
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Diaconesses-Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France
| | - L Abramowitz
- Service de Proctologie, APHP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard and Ramsay GDS Clinique Blomet, Paris, France
| | - V de Parades
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - F Pigot
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - L Siproudhis
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - J Adam
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V Balzano
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - D Bouchard
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - N Bouta
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Proctologie, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - M Bucau
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, AP-HP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - A Carlo
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - J Chanal
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - C Charpentier
- Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, INSERM, IAME, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Draullette
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Assistance Nutritive, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - N Fathallah
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - V Ferré
- Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, INSERM, IAME, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J-F Fléjou
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Cerbapath, Paris, France
| | - S Fouéré
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre des Maladies Sexuellement Transmises, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - T Higuero
- Gastro-entérologue, proctologue medico-chirurgical, Beausoleil, France
| | - L Kassouri
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - S Kurt
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - A Laurain
- Service de Proctologie, APHP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard and Ramsay GDS Clinique Blomet, Paris, France
| | - E Leclerc
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, 3iHP, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Q Lepiller
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - A-C Lesage
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Diaconesses-Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France
| | - D Mège
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Université d'Aix Marseille, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - A Ménard
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, AP-HM, Hôpital Nord, Université d'Aix Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - P Merle
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Proctologie, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - P Mortreux
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier de Bethune Beuvry, Beuvry, France
| | - C Noël
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - H Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J-L Prétet
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Besançon, France
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - D Roland
- Service de Proctologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - G Staumont
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Proctologie, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - L Tracanelli
- Service de Proctologie, Hôpital Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - L Vuitton
- Service de Gastroentérologie, CHU de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - S Wylomanski
- Service de Gynécologie, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - O Zaegel-Faucher
- Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Clinique, AP-HM, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
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25
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O'Keefe CL, Watts LYA, Allbritton JI. A Case of Basaloid Differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024; 28:110-112. [PMID: 37922473 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
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26
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Liu Y, Bhardwaj S, Sigel K, Winters J, Terlizzi J, Gaisa MM. Anal cancer screening results from 18-to-34-year-old men who have sex with men living with HIV. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:21-27. [PMID: 37728489 PMCID: PMC10842989 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men living with HIV (MSM LWH) are at highest risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer. There is no consensus on the optimal screening initiation age. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of anal HPV disease among MSM LWH under the age of 35, which is a currently proposed screening age threshold. Between 2014 and 2020, 1255 18-to-34-year-old MSM LWH underwent anal cytology screening. 916 were co-tested for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV). 467 underwent high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) and biopsy. Cancer registry data were queried. Predictors of abnormal cytology (ie, ≥ASCUS) and histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were evaluated using unadjusted logistic regression models. Median age was 28 years (range, 18-34). 19% received at least one dose of HPV vaccine. Abnormal cytology rate was 65%. HR-HPV and HPV16 prevalence were 87% and 30%. Biopsy results were benign (10%), LSIL (43%) and HSIL (47%). No cases of prevalent or incident anal cancers were detected. Findings were similar between age subgroups (18-24, 25-29 and 30-34) except for a higher prevalence of AIN 3 in the 30-34 group (19%). Abnormal cytology was significantly associated with HR-HPV infection. Histological HSIL was associated with HR-HPV infection and cytological LSIL or worse. The absence of anal cancer in a large cohort of MSM LWH under the age of 35, despite high prevalence of anal HR-HPV infection and precancer, supports an age-based anal cancer screening strategy for MSM LWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swati Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Sigel
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Winters
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Terlizzi
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael M. Gaisa
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Chaganti PD, Konkay K, Varghese AM. A comparative analysis of clinicopathological features of HPV-associated and HPV-independent cervical carcinomas based on P16 INK4a immunohistochemistry: A one-year retrospective study. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:74-79. [PMID: 38358192 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_700_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent WHO classification of female genital tracts recommends cervical carcinomas to be further subtyped as HPV-associated and HPV-independent and accepted p16 immunoreactivity as a surrogate biomarker for HPV testing. This paper presents the clinicopathological spectrum of cervical carcinomas in correlation with p16 immunoreactivity. Aims and Objectives This study aims to evaluate the immunoreactivity of p16 in cervical carcinoma, subtype them into HPV-associated and HPV-independent based on p16 immunoreactivity, and correlate them with clinicopathological features. Design A hospital-based retrospective study of one-year duration was done after ethics approval. A total of 124 cases were identified, and various parameters like the presence of mitosis, lymphovascular invasion, tumor budding, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the pattern of stromal invasion, and the pattern of necrosis were recorded and graded. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with p16 marker was done in 40 cases, and immunoreactivity was correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters. Statistical Analysis Multivariate analysis was done with Fisher's exact test, and a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results P16 was positive in 36 out of 40 cases which included 35 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (keratinizing-14 out of 35 SCC, 11 positive out of these 14, non-keratinizing-21 out of 35 SCC, 20 positive, out of these 21), two cases of adenocarcinoma (both positive), two cases of adenosquamous carcinoma (both positive), and one case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (positive). p16 negative in four cases (10%) (keratinizing type-3, non-keratinizing-1). P value was significant for HPV-independent carcinoma and keratinizing SCC morphology. The P value was not significant when p16 positivity with other parameters. Conclusion HPV-associated were 90%, HPV-independent were 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaumudi Konkay
- Department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ann M Varghese
- Department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Lycke KD, Kahlert J, Damgaard RK, Eriksen DO, Bennetsen MH, Gravitt PE, Petersen LK, Hammer A. Clinical course of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2: a population-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:656.e1-656.e15. [PMID: 37595822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 has historically been the threshold for surgical excision, but because of high regression rates, many countries are transitioning to active surveillance. However, estimates for regression rates are based on small studies with heterogeneous definitions of regression and progression. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe regression and progression rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 using nationwide healthcare registry data. STUDY DESIGN This was a nationwide population-based cohort study on women aged 18 to 40 years who had undergone active surveillance for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 in Denmark from 1998 to 2020. This study excluded women with a previous record of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse or surgical excision. Cumulative incidence functions were used to estimate the rates of regression and progression at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after diagnosis. In addition, a modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted relative risks of progression within 24 months stratified by index cytology and age. RESULTS During the study period, 11,056 women underwent active surveillance, 6767 of whom regressed and 3580 of whom progressed within 24 months. This corresponded to regression rates of 62.9% (95% confidence interval, 61.9-63.8) and progression rates of 33.3% (95% confidence interval, 32.4-34.2) at 24 months of follow-up. Most women regressed (90%) or progressed (90%) within the first 12 months. Women with high-grade index cytology had a higher risk of progression than women with normal index cytology (adjusted relative, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-1.76), whereas there was no difference in the risk of progression between women aged 30 and 40 years and women aged 23 to 29 years (adjusted relative risk, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.10). CONCLUSION The observed high regression rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 supported the transition in clinical management from surgical excision to active surveillance, particularly among women with low-grade or normal index cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine D Lycke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Johnny Kahlert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke K Damgaard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dina O Eriksen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mary H Bennetsen
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Patti E Gravitt
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Lone K Petersen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Hammer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li Z, Zeng CM, Dong YG, Cao Y, Yu LY, Liu HY, Tian X, Tian R, Zhong CY, Zhao TT, Liu JS, Chen Y, Li LF, Huang ZY, Wang YY, Hu Z, Zhang J, Liang JX, Zhou P, Lu YQ. A segmentation model to detect cevical lesions based on machine learning of colposcopic images. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21043. [PMID: 37928028 PMCID: PMC10623278 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Semantic segmentation is crucial in medical image diagnosis. Traditional deep convolutional neural networks excel in image classification and object detection but fall short in segmentation tasks. Enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of detecting high-level cervical lesions and invasive cancer poses a primary challenge in segmentation model development. Methods Between 2018 and 2022, we retrospectively studied a total of 777 patients, comprising 339 patients with high-level cervical lesions and 313 patients with microinvasive or invasive cervical cancer. Overall, 1554 colposcopic images were put into the DeepLabv3+ model for learning. Accuracy, Precision, Specificity, and mIoU were employed to evaluate the performance of the model in the prediction of cervical high-level lesions and cancer. Results Experiments showed that our segmentation model had better diagnosis efficiency than colposcopic experts and other artificial intelligence models, and reached Accuracy of 93.29 %, Precision of 87.2 %, Specificity of 90.1 %, and mIoU of 80.27 %, respectively. Conclution The DeepLabv3+ model had good performance in the segmentation of cervical lesions in colposcopic post-acetic-acid images and can better assist colposcopists in improving the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Chu-Mei Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Yan-Gang Dong
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, the South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician expert workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Li-Yao Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician expert workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician expert workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Rui Tian
- the Generulor Company Bio-X Lab, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China
| | - Chao-Yue Zhong
- the Generulor Company Bio-X Lab, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- the Generulor Company Bio-X Lab, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China
| | - Jia-Shuo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Li-Fang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Zhe-Ying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Yu-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jiu-Xing Liang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, the South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523057, China
| | - Yi-Qin Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 101121, China
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Borella F, Gallio N, Mangherini L, Cassoni P, Bertero L, Benedetto C, Preti M. Recent advances in treating female genital human papillomavirus related neoplasms with topical imiquimod. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29238. [PMID: 38009696 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) encompasses a group of viruses that infect the skin and mucous membranes. In the presence of certain factors, persistent infection with high-risk HPVs can trigger a process of neoplastic transformation. Imiquimod is a topical agent that acts as a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist, stimulating the innate and adaptive immune system to exert antitumor and antiviral effects. It has been approved for the treatment of various skin conditions, however, its efficacy and safety in the management of HPV-related-neoplasms of the lower genital tract, such as vulvar, vaginal, and cervical neoplasia, are still under investigation. This review summarizes the current evidence on the use of imiquimod for the treatment of HPV-induced lesions of the female lower genital tract, focusing on its indications, mechanisms of action, outcomes, and predictors of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant' Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Gallio
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 2, Sant' Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant' Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Preti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant' Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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31
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Saito M, Rajesh A, Innes C, van der Griend R, Fitzgerald P, Simcock B, Sykes P, Hibma M. The High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type Influences the Tissue Microenvironment in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2. Viruses 2023; 15:1953. [PMID: 37766359 PMCID: PMC10535121 DOI: 10.3390/v15091953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk, cancer-causing human papillomavirus (HPV) types are associated with cervical precancer and cancer. A high proportion of high-risk HPV precancer lesions undergo immune-mediated regression. The purpose of this study was to determine if the tissue microenvironment of HPV16 and 18 (HPV16/18) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 lesions differed from other high-risk types (HPV 'other'). Consistent with other studies, we found that progression to higher-grade disease was more frequent in HPV16/18 lesions when compared with HPV 'other' lesions. HPV16/18 lesions were significantly more likely to be indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-positive and were associated with reduced CD8 and FoxP3 T cells in the lesion. In the stroma, reduced Tbet- and CD32-positive cells and increased Blimp1-positive cells were significantly associated with HPV16/18 lesions when compared with HPV 'other' types. On analysis of the IDO1-positive tissues, lesional IDO1 was associated with significantly decreased numbers of CD4-, CD8-, and FoxP3-positive cells in the stroma compared with IDO1-negative tissues. These data suggest that IDO1 expression may impair infiltration of CD4, CD8, and FoxP3 cells into the stroma beneath the precancer lesion. Increased expression of IDO1 may contribute to immune avoidance and an increased frequency of disease progression in HPV16- and 18-positive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Saito
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Aarthi Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Carrie Innes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.I.); (B.S.); (P.S.)
| | | | | | - Bryony Simcock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.I.); (B.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Sykes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.I.); (B.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Merilyn Hibma
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.S.); (A.R.)
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32
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Lozar T, Keske A, Dube Mandishora RS, Yu Q, Bailey A, Xu J, Tommasino M, McGregor SM, Lambert PF, Gheit T, Fitzpatrick MB. Betapapillomaviruses in p16-Negative Vulvar Intraepithelial Lesions Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Viruses 2023; 15:1950. [PMID: 37766356 PMCID: PMC10537070 DOI: 10.3390/v15091950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) cases are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of the alpha genera (α-HPV) that cause other anogenital cancers; however, the etiology of α-HPV-negative vSCC is poorly understood. HPVs of the beta genera (β-HPV) are risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and may be related to carcinomas originating in other cutaneous sites such as the vulva. In this study, we investigate the presence of β-HPVs, with an emphasis on p16-negative squamous lesions adjacent to vSCC. We subjected 28 vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions adjacent to vSCC for comprehensive HPV genotyping, p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry, and consensus morphology review. Selected cases were subjected to qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. β-HPV DNA was detected in eight of ten p16-negative lesions and three of fourteen p16-positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The HPV DNA loads in vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions ranged between less than 1 HPV DNA copy per cell to more than 100 HPV DNA copies per cell. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the association of p16-negative vulvar intraepithelial squamous lesions with detection of β-HPVs. These findings expand possible etiologic mechanisms that may contribute to p16-negative lesions of the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Lozar
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aysenur Keske
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Racheal S. Dube Mandishora
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer (CIIRC), Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Medical Microbiology Unit, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Health Sciences, Harare P.O. Box A178, Zimbabwe
| | - Qiqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Adam Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | | | - Stephanie M. McGregor
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Megan B. Fitzpatrick
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of anal cancer and contemporary approaches for anal precancer detection, beginning with a discussion of the biology and natural history of anal squamous cell carcinoma, the predominant human papillomavirus -associated histologic subtype of anal cancer. This section is followed by a description of the epidemiology of anal cancer, including trends in incidence and mortality, a discussion of populations with elevated risk for anal cancer and an overview of associated risk factors. The remainder of the chapter provides the most up-to-date evidence on tools and approaches for anal cancer prevention, screening, and early detection; including, the role of human papillomavirus vaccination for primary prevention; anal cytology, high resolution anoscopy and novel biomarkers for secondary prevention; and digital anal-rectal examination for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camryn M Cohen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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34
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Macedo AC, Grande AJ, Figueiredo T, Colonetti T, Gonçalves JC, Testoni E, da Rosa MI. DNA high-risk HPV, mRNA HPV and P16 tests for diagnosis of anal cancer and precursor lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 62:102128. [PMID: 37588624 PMCID: PMC10425667 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anal cancer prevention has two critical points: the incidence rate is several fold higher for some groups, such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and men who have sex with men (MSM), and there is not a well-defined guideline for its screening. This systematic review evaluates the accuracy of DNA HRHPV (high-risk human papillomavirus), mRNA HPV, DNA HPV16 isolated and p16 staining biomarkers in anal canal smears for identifying anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) 2 or 3, summarised as anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (aHSIL), and cancer. Methods We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Embase electronic databases as well as Grey literature to identify eligible papers published up to 31st July 2022. This systematic review and meta-analysis included observational studies comparing biomarker tests to histopathology after HRA (High-resolution Anoscopy) as a reference standard. We (ACM, TF) analysed studies in which patients of both sexes were screened for anal cancer using DNA HRHPV, mRNA HPV, DNA HPV16 and/or p16 biomarkers. The analysis was performed in pairs, for instance AIN2 or worse (AIN2+) vs. AIN1, HPV infection and normal (AIN1-). PROSPERO CRD42015024201. Findings We included 21 studies with 7445 patients. DNA HR HPV showed a higher sensitivity 92.4% (95% CI 84.2-96.5), specificity 41.7% (95% CI 33.9-44.9) and AUC 0.67, followed by the mRNA HPV test, with a sensitivity 77.3% (95% CI 73.2%-80.9%), specificity 61.9% (95% CI 56.6-66.9) and AUC 0.78. DNA HPV16 showed higher specificity 71.7% (95% CI 55.3-83.8), followed by p16 test, 64.1% (95% CI 51.0-75.4); Sensitivity of DNA HPV16 was 53.3% (95% CI 35.4-70.3) and AUC 0.69, while p16 had a sensitivity of 68.8% (95% CI 47.9-84.1) and AUC 0.74. Subgroup analysis of MSM with HIV, with 13 studies and 5123 patients, showed similar accuracy, with a bit higher sensitivities and lower specificities. Considering the measure of the total between-study variability, mRNA HPV tests showed the smallest area of the 95% prediction ellipse, 6.0%, influenced by the low logit sensitivity, 0.011. All other groups of tests exceed 50% prediction ellipse area, which represent a high heterogeneity. Interpretation Our findings suggested that DNA HR HPV can be a useful tool for screening for aHSIL and anal cancer if followed by biomarker with a higher specificity. As an isolated test, mRNA HPV had better performance. Funding There was no funding source for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Macedo
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Grande
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Pratice, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Infectious Disease and Parasites, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamy Colonetti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Testoni
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês da Rosa
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences at the University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Serrano-Villar S, Tincati C, Raju SC, Sáenz JS, Moreno E, Bargiela R, Cabello-Ubeda A, Sendagorta E, Kurz A, Perez Molina JA, de Benito A, Hov JR, Fernandez-Lopez L, Muriel A, Del Campo R, Moreno S, Trøseid M, Seifert J, Ferrer M. Microbiome-derived cobalamin and succinyl-CoA as biomarkers for improved screening of anal cancer. Nat Med 2023; 29:1738-1749. [PMID: 37464040 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus can cause preinvasive, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) as precursors to cancer in the anogenital area, and the microbiome is suggested to be a contributing factor. Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a high risk of anal cancer, but current screening strategies for HSIL detection lack specificity. Here, we investigated the anal microbiome to improve HSIL screening. We enrolled participants living with HIV, divided into a discovery (n = 167) and validation cohort (n = 46), and who were predominantly (93.9%) cisgender MSM undergoing HSIL screening with high-resolution anoscopy and anal biopsies. We identified no microbiome composition signatures associated with HSILs, but elevated levels of microbiome-encoded proteins producing succinyl coenzyme A and cobalamin were significantly associated with HSILs in both cohorts. Measurement of these candidate biomarkers alone in anal cytobrushes outperformed anal cytology as a diagnostic indicator for HSILs, increasing the sensitivity from 91.2% to 96.6%, the specificity from 34.1% to 81.8%, and reclassifying 82% of false-positive results as true negatives. We propose that these two microbiome-derived biomarkers may improve the current strategy of anal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sajan C Raju
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan S Sáenz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Alfonso Cabello-Ubeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIS-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sendagorta
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alina Kurz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jose A Perez Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo de Benito
- Department of Pathology, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of Gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Unit, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, CIBERESP, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Rosado C, Fernandes ÂR, Rodrigues AG, Lisboa C. Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on Male Disease: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1083. [PMID: 37376472 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases are highly prevalent in men worldwide, comprising external anogenital condyloma, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. There is exceptionally low vaccine coverage in the male population. Only 4% of men were fully vaccinated, worldwide, as of 2019. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on male disease. Three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus) and Clinical Trials.gov were searched. We included thirteen studies, eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and five cohorts, comprising a total of 14,239 participants. Regarding anal disease, seven studies reported HPV vaccine efficacy ranging from 91.1% to 93.1% against AIN1, and ranging from 89.6% to 91.7% against AIN2|3 and anal cancer. Five studies showed an efficacy against genital condyloma of 89.9% in HPV-naïve males, varying between 66.7% and 67.2% in intention-to-treat populations. Studies reporting no efficacy have included older participants. These results support vaccination of young men previously infected, beyond HPV-naïve males. The evidence quality was moderate to low for most outcomes, namely genital diseases. RCTs are needed to assess the efficacy of HPV vaccination on male oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rosado
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-039 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Rita Fernandes
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-039 Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-039 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Center of Health Technology and Services Research/Rede de Investigação em Saúde, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Lisboa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-039 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Center of Health Technology and Services Research/Rede de Investigação em Saúde, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Clifford GM, Baussano I, Heideman DAM, Tshering S, Choden T, Lazzarato F, Tenet V, Franceschi S, Darragh TM, Tobgay T, Tshomo U. Human papillomavirus testing on self-collected samples to detect high-grade cervical lesions in rural Bhutan: The REACH-Bhutan study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:11828-11837. [PMID: 36999740 PMCID: PMC10619475 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "REACH-Bhutan" aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical performance of a community-based screening program for cervical cancer in rural Bhutan using self-collected samples for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing. METHODS In April/May 2016, 2590 women aged 30-60 years were screened across rural Bhutan by providing a self-collected sample for careHPV testing. All careHPV-positive women, plus a random sample of careHPV-negative women, were recalled for colposcopy and biopsy. Self-samples also underwent GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based HR-HPV DNA detection and genotyping. Cross-sectional screening indices were estimated against histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (hHSIL+), including imputation of hHSIL+ in women without colposcopy. RESULTS HR-HPV positivity was 10.2% by careHPV and 14.8% by GP5+/6+ PCR. Twenty-two cases of hHSIL+ were histologically diagnosed, including one invasive cancer; an additional 7 hHSIL+ were imputed in women without colposcopy. HR-HPV testing by GP5+/6+ showed higher sensitivity for hHSIL+ (89.7%, 95% CI 72.6-97.8) than careHPV (75.9%, 95% CI 56.5-89.7). Negative predictive value was also slightly higher for GP5+/6+ (99.9%, 95% CI 99.6-100) than careHPV (99.7%, 95% CI 99.4-99.9). Specificity, however, was lower for GP5+/6+ (86.1%, 95% CI 84.6-87.4) than careHPV (90.6%, 95% CI 89.4-91.7), as was positive predictive value (6.9%, 95% CI 4.5-9.9 vs. 8.5%, 95% CI 5.4-12.6). Of 377 HR-HPV-positive women by GP5+/6+, 173 (45.9%) were careHPV-positive, including 54.7% HPV16-positive and 30.2% HPV18-positive women. CONCLUSIONS The final REACH-Bhutan results show that screening for cervical cancer with self-collection of samples and HR-HPV testing, in addition to our previous report of achieving high participation, can also perform well to detect women with hHSIL+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M. Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Daniëlle A. M. Heideman
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and BiomarkersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sangay Tshering
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyJigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral HospitalThimphuBhutan
| | - Tashi Choden
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineJigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral HospitalThimphuBhutan
| | - Fulvio Lazzarato
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit“Città della Salute e della Scienza” HospitalTurinItaly
| | - Vanessa Tenet
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | | | | | - Tashi Tobgay
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineJigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral HospitalThimphuBhutan
| | - Ugyen Tshomo
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyJigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral HospitalThimphuBhutan
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Liu M, Lu J, Zhi Y, Ruan Y, Cao G, Xu X, An X, Gao J, Li F. Microendoscopy in vivo for the pathological diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 37101242 PMCID: PMC10134531 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is an important public health problem. Conventional colposcopy is inefficient in the diagnosis of cervical lesions and massive biopsies result in trauma. There is an urgent need for a new clinical strategy to triage women with abnormal cervical screening results immediately and effectively. In this study, the high-resolution microendoscopy combined with methylene blue cell staining technology was used to perform real-time in vivo imaging of the cervix for the first time. METHODS A total of 41 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent routine colposcopy and cervical biopsy, and high-resolution images of methylene blue-stained cervical lesions were obtained in vivo using microendoscopy. The cell morphological features of benign and neoplastic cervical lesions stained with methylene blue under microendoscopy were analyzed and summarized. The microendoscopy and histopathology findings of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and more severe lesions were compared. RESULTS The overall consistency of microendoscopy diagnosis with pathological diagnosis was 95.12% (39/41). Diagnostic cell morphological features of cervicitis, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), HSIL, adenocarcinoma in situ, and invasive cancer were clearly demonstrated in methylene blue stained microendoscopic images. In HSIL and more severe lesions, microendoscopic methylene blue cell staining technology can show the microscopic diagnostic features consistent with histopathology. CONCLUSIONS This study was an initial exercise in the application of the microendoscopy imaging system combined with methylene blue cell staining technology to cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer screening. The results provided the basis for a novel clinical strategy for triage of women with abnormal cervical screening results using in vivo non-invasive optical diagnosis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jianqiao Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yong Zhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yetian Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Guangxu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xin An
- OptoMedic Technologies Inc., Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Jinli Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Baena A, Mesher D, Salgado Y, Martínez S, Villalba GR, Amarilla ML, Salgado B, Flores B, Bellido‐Fuentes Y, Álvarez‐Larraondo M, Valls J, Lora O, Virreira‐Prout G, Figueroa J, Turcios E, Soilán AM, Ortega M, Celis M, González M, Venegas G, Terán C, Ferrera A, Mendoza L, Kasamatsu E, Murillo R, Wiesner C, Broutet N, Luciani S, Herrero R, Almonte M. Performance of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) for triage of HPV screen-positive women: results from the ESTAMPA study. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1581-1592. [PMID: 36451311 PMCID: PMC10107773 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
VIA is recommended for triage of HPV-positive women attending cervical screening. In the multicentric ESTAMPA study, VIA performance for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) among HPV-positive women was evaluated. Women aged 30-64 years were screened with HPV testing and cytology and referred to colposcopy if either test was positive. At colposcopy visit, study-trained midwives/nurses/GPs performed VIA ahead of colposcopy. VIA was considered positive if acetowhite lesions were observed in or close to the transformation zone. Ablative treatment eligibility was assessed for VIA positives. Performance indicators were estimated. Three thousand one hundred and forty-two HPV-positive women were included. Sensitivity for CIN3+ was 85.9% (95% CI 81.2-89.5) among women <50 years and, although not significant, slightly lower in women 50+ (78.0%, 95% CI 65.9-86.6). Overall specificity was 58.6% (95% CI 56.7-60.5) and was significantly higher among women 50+ (70.3%, 95% CI 66.8-73.5) compared to women <50 (54.3%, 95% CI 52.1-56.5). VIA positivity was lower among women 50+ (35.2%, 95% CI 31.9-38.6) compared to women <50 (53.2, 95% CI 51.1-55.2). Overall eligibility for ablative treatment was 74.5% and did not differ by age. VIA sensitivity, specificity, and positivity, and ablative treatment eligibility varied highly by provider (ranges: 25%-95.4%, 44.9%-94.4%, 8.2%-65.3%, 0%-98.7%, respectively). VIA sensitivity for cervical precancer detection among HPV-positive women performed by trained providers was high with an important reduction in referral rates. However, scaling-up HPV screening triaged by VIA will be challenging due to the high variability of VIA performance and providers' need for training and supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Baena
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - David Mesher
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV ServiceUK Health Security AgencyLondonUK
| | - Yuli Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de CancerologíaBogotáColombia
| | | | - Griselda Raquel Villalba
- Hospital Materno Infantil de San LorenzoMinisterio de Salud Pública y Bienestar SocialSan LorenzoParaguay
| | | | - Brenda Salgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Escuela de MicrobiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de HondurasTegucigalpaHonduras
| | - Bettsy Flores
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia
| | | | | | - Joan Valls
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Oscar Lora
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia
- Hospital Gineco‐Obstétrico y Neonatal “Dr Jaime Sánchez Porcel”SucreBolivia
| | - Gonzalo Virreira‐Prout
- Hospital Gineco‐Obstétrico y Neonatal “Dr Jaime Sánchez Porcel”SucreBolivia
- Seguro Social Universitario (SSU)SucreBolivia
| | | | - Elmer Turcios
- Programa Nacional contra el CáncerTegucigalpaHonduras
| | - Ana María Soilán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Marina Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | | | | | - Gino Venegas
- Clínica AngloamericanaLimaPeru
- Escuela de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de PiuraLimaPeru
| | - Carolina Terán
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia
| | - Annabelle Ferrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Escuela de MicrobiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de HondurasTegucigalpaHonduras
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Elena Kasamatsu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Raúl Murillo
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Centro Javeriano de OncologíaHospital Universitario San IgnacioBogotáColombia
| | | | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Silvana Luciani
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)WashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Rolando Herrero
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB)Fundación InciensaGuanacasteCosta Rica
| | - Maribel Almonte
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
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Aynaud O, Huynh B, Bergeron C. High-grade and low-grade HPV-induced urethral lesions treated by CO 2 laser under colposcopy. Sex Transm Infect 2023; 99:279-282. [PMID: 36990695 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is reporting the CO2 laser treatment efficiency on urethral lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and the correlation between the type of lesion high-grade and low-grade on the histology and the HPV genotype(s). METHODS Sixty-nine patients (59 men and 10 women) with urethral lesions were screened for HPV genotype(s) by in situ hybridisation and PCR. HPV lesions were biopsied and p16INK4a expression was tested to confirm urethral high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (U HSIL) on the histology prior to CO2 laser treatment under colposcopy. The patients were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS We observed urethral low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (U LSIL) in 54/69 cases (78.3%) and U HSIL in 7/69 cases (10%) confirmed by p16INK4a staining. Then we looked at the HPV genotype present in each lesion. We observed the following: 31/69 (45%) patients have a unique HPV genotype, with 12/31 (38.7%) of high risk; 21/54 (38.8%) of U LSIL and 1/7 (14%) of U HSIL have HPV low-risk and high-risk coinfections. Efficient treatment with CO2 laser under colposcopy was done using a meatal spreader to help visualisation of 20 mm in the distal urethra. We cured 64/69 (92.7%) patients at 3 months with 4/69 (5.7%) meatotomy and persistent 1/67 (1.4%) urethral stricture at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS HSIL was present in the urethra without being able to define specific clinical criteria. Treatment with a CO2 laser under colposcopy with a meatus spreader is a simple surgical procedure with high efficiency and few complications that could prevent the risk of HPV-induced carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Aynaud
- Operative Colposcopy Center, Ambroise Pare - Hartmann Private Hospital, Neuilly sur Seine, Ile de France, France
| | - Bernard Huynh
- Operative Colposcopy Center, Ambroise Pare - Hartmann Private Hospital, Neuilly sur Seine, Ile de France, France
| | - Christine Bergeron
- Anatomopathology, CERBA Laboratory 30 bd de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, Paris, France
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41
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Wilbur DC, Young RH. Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Uterine Cervix The Long and Winding Road of Our Understanding of Their Morphology, Biology, and the Terminology That Describes Them-From First to LAST. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:109-119. [PMID: 36729946 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Wilbur
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Fruit Street, Boston, MA
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42
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de Barcellos LP, Coutinho JRH, Cytryn A, Russomano FB. Conventional cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus-induced anal intraepithelial neoplasia: The experience of a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:166-173. [PMID: 36398627 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening of anal cancer is rarely available or performed in Brazil. This study analyzes the diagnostic performance of conventional cytology (CC) in the prevention of anal cancer in a coloproctology and gynecology outpatient clinics in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS From 2005 to 2017, 1066 conventional cytological samples were collected. We analyze the causes of unsatisfactory samples (11.3%) and compare the cytological diagnoses of 83 samples from persons living with HIV and persons not living with HIV and in specific situations, using as the gold standard high-resolution anoscopy or histopathology in cases biopsied within 6 months after cytology. RESULTS The sensitivity of cytology with diagnosis of ASC-US for detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia of any grade was 85%, specificity was 41%, positive and negative predictive values were 64% and 75%, respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.46 and 0.35, respectively. CONCLUSION Conventional cytology available in resource-limited settings is a simple, noninvasive, low-cost method that proved feasible for outpatient screening of precursor lesions of the anal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Cytryn
- Federal Hospital of Ipanema, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Bastos Russomano
- Fernandes Figueira Institute of Women's, Child's and Adolescent's Health, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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43
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Umetsu SE, Kakar S, Basturk O, Kim GE, Chatterjee D, Wen KW, Hale G, Shafizadeh N, Cho SJ, Whitman J, Gill RM, Jones KD, Navale P, Bergsland E, Klimstra D, Joseph NM. Integrated Genomic and Clinicopathologic Approach Distinguishes Pancreatic Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumor From Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Identifies a Subset With Molecular Overlap. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100065. [PMID: 36788102 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G3 PanNET) from neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC) is a known diagnostic challenge, and accurate classification is critical because clinical behavior and therapies differ. Although current recommendations suggest that immunohistochemistry for p53, Rb, ATRX, and DAXX can distinguish most cases, some cases remain difficult to classify using this approach. In this study, we reviewed 47 high-grade neoplasms originally diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. In addition to the currently recommended stains, we performed capture-based sequencing of approximately 500 cancer genes and immunohistochemistry for p16 and trypsin or chymotrypsin. Using an integrated molecular and clinicopathologic approach, 42 (89%) of 47 cases had a clear final diagnosis of either G3 PanNET (n = 17), PanNEC (n = 17), or mixed acinar-NEC (n = 8). The 17 G3 PanNETs demonstrated frequent alterations in MEN1 (71%), DAXX (47%), ATRX (24%), TSC2 (35%), SETD2 (42%), and CDKN2A (41%). Contrary to prior reports, TP53 alterations were also common in G3 PanNETs (35%) but were always mutually exclusive with CDKN2A alterations in this group. The 17 PanNECs demonstrated frequent alterations in TP53 (88%), cell cycle genes RB1 (47%), CCNE1/CCND1 (12%), CDKN2A (29%), and in KRAS (53%) and SMAD4 (41%); TP53 was coaltered with a cell cycle gene in 76% of PanNECs. Diffuse strong p16 staining was observed in 69% of PanNECs in contrast to 0% of G3 PanNETs. The 8 acinar-NECs had recurrent alterations in ATM (25%), APC (25%), and STK11 (25%). Five cases remained difficult to classify, 3 of which exhibited overlapping molecular features with alterations in MEN1 with or without ATRX, and RB1 with or without TP53, making it unclear whether to classify as PanNET or PanNEC. Our data demonstrate that molecular profiling and immunohistochemistry for p16 greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy of high-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and identify a subset of rare cases with overlapping features of both PanNET and PanNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Umetsu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sanjay Kakar
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Kwun Wah Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gillian Hale
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nafis Shafizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Julia Whitman
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan M Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirk D Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pooja Navale
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily Bergsland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Paige.AI, New York, New York
| | - Nancy M Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Shi L, Yang X, He L, Zheng C, Ren Z, Warsame JA, Suye S, Yan L, Cai H, Xiao X, Fu C. Promoter hypermethylation analysis of host genes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancers on histological cervical specimens. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 36803573 PMCID: PMC9940376 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an essential factor in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to cervical cancer. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic value provided by methylation biomarkers of six tumor suppressor genes (ASTN1, DLX1, ITGA4, RXFP3, SOX17 and ZNF671) for cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. METHODS The histological cervical specimens of 396 cases including 93 CIN1, 99 CIN2, 93 CIN3 and 111 cervical cancers were tested for methylation-specific PCR assay (GynTect®) of score and positive rate. Among them, 66 CIN1, 93 CIN2, 87 CIN3 and 72 cervical cancers were further used for paired analysis. A chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of methylation score and positive rate in cervical specimens. The paired t-test and paired chi-square test were for analyzing the methylation score and positive rate in paired CIN and cervical cancer cases. The specificity, sensitivity, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the GynTect® assay for CIN2 or worse (CIN2 +) and CIN3 or worse (CIN3 +) were evaluated. RESULTS According to the chi-square test trend, hypermethylation increased with severity of the lesions as defined by histological grading (P = 0.000). The methylation score above 1.1 was more common in CIN2 + than in CIN1. The DNA methylation scores in the paired groups of CIN1, CIN3 and cervical cancer were significant differences (P = 0.033, 0.000 and 0.000, respectively), except for CIN2 (P = 0.171). While the positive rate of GynTect® in each paired group had no difference (all P > 0.05). The positive rate of every methylation marker in the GynTect® assay showed differences in four cervical lesion groups (all P < 0.05). The specificity of GynTect® assay for detection of CIN2 + /CIN3 + were higher than high-risk human papillomavirus test. With CIN1 as a reference, the positive status of GynTect®/ZNF671 were significantly higher in CIN2 + : odds ratio (OR) 5.271/OR 13.909, and in CIN3 + : OR 11.022/OR 39.150, (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The promoter methylation of six tumor suppressor genes is related to the severity of cervical lesions. The GynTect® assay based on cervical specimens provides diagnostic values for detecting CIN2 + and CIN3 + .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Shi
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling He
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunying Zheng
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juweria Abdisamad Warsame
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Suye Suye
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yan
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyi Cai
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Chen R, Zhang R, Zhang M, Liu S, Xie M, Yang Z, Shi Q, Chen H, Xiong H, Wang N, Jiang Q. CIN grades possessing different HPV RNA location patterns and RNAscope is helpful tool for distinguishing squamous intraepithelial lesions in difficult cervical cases. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 36797728 PMCID: PMC9933306 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The precise grading and characterization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been the focus of pathologists for a long time. This study aimed to explore known strategies for the grading of CINs. METHODS After routine H&E review, 85 lesions graded CIN 1, 2, or 3 were investigated primarily by HPV RNAscope to detect HR-HPV and LR-HPV, in combination with an HPV-DNA test and P16/Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the 85 cases were divided into a control group (49 cases) and a test group (36 cases). The former consisted of cases with consistency between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We used them to evaluate HPV RNA distribution patterns in CINs of different grades. The latter were ambiguous cases in which pathologists could not confirm the diagnosis because of inconsistencies between morphology, HPV DNA detection and P16/Ki67 IHC. We reassessed them by comparison to the pattern in the control group. RESULTS The expression patterns of HPV mRNA signals were different in different CIN lesions. LSIL/CIN1 lesions were mostly expressed in superficial epithelium with diffuse clustered nuclear or cytoplasmic staining; HSIL/CIN2 were characterised by nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate or diffuse cluster nuclear staining in the mid-surface layer, and scattered nuclear/cytoplasmic punctate staining in basal and parabasal cells; whereas HSIL/CIN3 showed full-thickness nucleus/cytoplasmic scattered staining with a punctate pattern. According to the staining pattern, we corrected the diagnosis of 22 cases (22/36, 61.1%). CONCLUSION Because of its distinct location pattern, HPV RNAscope has obvious advantages over the HPV-DNA test, and combined with P16/Ki67 IHC, it can help pathologists correctly grade CIN. In addition, it can effectively discriminate true CIN from normal or CIN mimic lesions, such as immature squamous metaplasia, atrophy, and inflammatory/reactive changes. Therefore, HPV RNAscope is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic test to avoid the overtreatment and undertreatment of CIN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renchao Zhang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Pathology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital (Guang Ming), Shenzhen, China
| | - Minfen Zhang
- grid.508008.50000 0004 4910 8370Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Xie
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfeng Yang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Shi
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women And Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhen Xiong
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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del Pino M, Matas I, Carrillo P, Martí C, Glickman A, Carreras-Dieguez N, Marimon L, Saco A, Rakislova N, Torné A, Ordi J. Natural History of Anal HPV Infection in Women Treated for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1147. [PMID: 36831490 PMCID: PMC9954768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL/CIN) are at high risk of anal human papillomavirus HPV infection, and it has also been suggested that self-inoculation of the virus from the anal canal to the cervix could explain HPV recurrence in the cervix after treatment of HSIL/CIN. We aimed to evaluate the bidirectional interactions of HPV infection between these two anatomical sites. We evaluated 68 immunocompetent women undergoing excisional treatment for HSIL/CIN. Immediately before treatment, samples from the anus and the cervix were obtained (baseline anal and cervical HPV status). Cervical HPV clearance after treatment was defined as treatment success. The first follow-up control was scheduled 4-6 months after treatment for cervical and anal samples. High resolution anoscopy (HRA) was performed on patients with persistent anal HPV infections or abnormal anal cytology in the first control. Baseline anal HPV was positive in 42/68 (61.8%) of the women. Anal HPV infection persisted after treatment in 29/68 (42.6%) of the women. One-third of these women (10/29; 34.5%) had HSIL/anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Among women achieving treatment success, cervical HPV in the first control was positive in 34.6% and 17.6% of the patients with positive and negative baseline anal HPV infection, respectively (p = 0.306). In conclusion, patients with persisting anal HPV after HSIL/CIN treatment are at high risk of HSIL/AIN, suggesting that these women would benefit from anal exploration. The study also suggests that women with anal HPV infection treated for HSIL/CIN might be at higher risk of recurrent cervical HPV even after successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta del Pino
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Matas
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Carrillo
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martí
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariel Glickman
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Carreras-Dieguez
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Marimon
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela Saco
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rakislova
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aureli Torné
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Ordi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Analysis on the Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation and Electrocautery in the Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:9432073. [PMID: 36793375 PMCID: PMC9925259 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9432073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective This research intends to investigate the clinical efficacy of radiofrequency ablation and electrocautery in treating grade I or II vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). Methods This is a single-center retrospective study, which collected the clinical data of 100 patients with VaIN diagnosed by colposcopy and pathological biopsy in the Gynecology and Cervical Center of Xiangzhu Branch of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2020 and June 2021. Patients were divided into the study group (radiofrequency ablation treatment) and the control group (electrocautery) according to differences in treatment approaches. 6- and 12-month follow-ups were performed on all patients. Gynecological examination results, liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT), negative conversion of human papillomavirus (HPV), curative effects, and prognosis were recorded. Results All patients completed regular follow-ups that lasted for 6 and 12 months. The 6- and 12-month cure rates of the study group were 76.0% and 92.0%, respectively, and the data in the control group were 70.0% and 82.0%, respectively. In terms of the 6- and 12-month negative conversion rates of HPV, the data in the study group were 68.0% and 78.0%, versus 60% and 68% in the control group, respectively. The lesion duration rate showed no statistical significance between the study group (8.0%) and the control group (P > 0.05). The analysis of postoperative follow-up complications revealed that the study group had a statistically lower overall incidence of vaginal bleeding, excessive vaginal discharge, vaginal burning sensation, and decreased vaginal elasticity than the control group (8.0% vs. 24.0% P < 0.05). Conclusion Both radiofrequency ablation and electrocautery have obvious clinical effects in patients with grade I or II VaIN, but the former contributed to fewer operative complications and a good prognosis, which deserves clinical promotion.
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Thompson EF, Wong RWC, Trevisan G, Tessier-Cloutier B, Almadani N, Chen J, Cheng A, Karnezis A, McConechy MK, Lum A, Senz J, McAlpine JN, Huntsman DG, Gilks B, Jamieson A, Hoang LN. p53-Abnormal "Fields of Dysplasia" in Human Papillomavirus-Independent Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Impacts Margins and Recurrence Risk. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100010. [PMID: 36853783 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal p53 (p53abn) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining patterns can be found in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). They can also be found in the adjacent skin that shows morphology that falls short of the traditional diagnostic threshold for dVIN. Vulvectomy specimens containing human papillomavirus-independent p53abn VSCC with margins originally reported as negative for invasive and in situ disease were identified. Sections showing the closest approach by invasive or in situ neoplasia to margins were stained with p53 IHC stains. We evaluated the following: (1) detection of morphologically occult p53abn in situ neoplasia, (2) rates of margin status change after p53 IHC staining, and (3) effect of p53abn IHC staining at margins on the 2-year local recurrence rates. Seventy-three human papillomavirus-independent p53abn VSCCs were included. Half (35/73, 48%) had documented an in situ lesion in the original report. The use of p53 IHC staining identified 21 additional cases (29%) with the p53abn in situ lesions that were originally unrecognized. The histology of in situ lesions in the p53abn "field" varied and became more subtle (morphologically occult) farther away from the VSCC. Fifteen (21%) cases had a morphologically occult and previously unrecognized p53abn in situ lesion present at a resection margin, which conferred an increased risk of local recurrence (5/7 [71.4%] vs 6/22 [27.3%], P = .036). The p53abn in situ lesions at a margin were confirmed to have TP53 mutations by sequencing. p53 IHC staining identified morphologically occult p53abn in situ lesions surrounding human papillomavirus-independent VSCC. p53abn IHC staining at a margin was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Thompson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard W C Wong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Giorgia Trevisan
- Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Noorah Almadani
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julia Chen
- Medical Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Cheng
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony Karnezis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Amy Lum
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janine Senz
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Canexia Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blake Gilks
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Jamieson
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynn N Hoang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Li Y, Hua C, Zhang M. Efficacy of non-invasive photodynamic therapy for female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:42. [PMID: 36652121 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a proposed non-invasive, highly effective, and fertility-preserving method for the treatment of lower reproductive tract diseases in women. We aim to evaluate the effect of PDT on complete remission, recurrence, and HPV clearance in diseases of the female lower reproductive tract associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in this meta-analysis. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched to compare PDT with other treatments for complete remission, recurrence, and HPV clearance in women with lower genital tract disease. Fixed or random effect models were performed to assess the pooled effect size. Sensitivity analysis was performed to detect heterogeneity in the included studies. The Begg and Egger test assessed publication bias. There were 12 studies qualified for inclusion; compared to other treatments, PDT had a significant advantage in complete remission (OR=2.97, 95%CI, 2.18-4.04, I2=0, P<0. 001) and recurrence (OR, 0.21; 95%CI, 0.11-0.39; I2=34.9%, P<0. 001). Furthermore, PDT clears HPV quickly and lastingly compared to other therapies (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.41-4.95; I2=71.0%, P=0.002). In addition, the heterogeneity test of sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were robust. Begg test (P=0.73) and Egger test (P=0.71) showed no publication bias. PDT treats diseases of the female lower reproductive tract associated with HPV infection: high complete remission, low recurrence, and rapid and lasting HPV clearance. The PDT seems to be a non-invasive, effective, and promising treatment of female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Cuiju Hua
- Yiyuan People's Hospital, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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Which Risk Factors and Colposcopic Patterns Are Predictive for High-Grade VAIN? A Retrospective Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020176. [PMID: 36672986 PMCID: PMC9858341 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colposcopic patterns of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN) are not definitively related to histological grade. The aim of the present study was to investigate any correlation between clinical and colposcopic features and the development of high-grade VAIN. Two hundred and fifty-five women diagnosed with VAIN (52 VAIN1, 55 VAIN2 and 148 VAIN3) at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, from January 2000 to June 2022, were selected for a retrospective analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of risk factors and colposcopic patterns with VAIN grade. Smoking was associated with the development of VAIN (34.1%, p = 0.01). Most women diagnosed with VAIN3 (45.3%, p = 0.02) had a previous history of hysterectomy for CIN2+. At multivariate analysis, colposcopic grade G2 (OR = 20.4, 95%CI: 6.67−61.4, p < 0.001), papillary lesion (OR = 4.33, 95%CI: 1.79−10.5, p = 0.001) and vascularity (OR = 14.4, 95%CI: 1.86−112, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with a greater risk of VAIN3. The risk of high-grade VAIN should not be underestimated in women with a history of smoking and previous hysterectomy for CIN2+, especially when colposcopic findings reveal vaginal lesions characterized by grade 2, papillary and vascular patterns. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for an optimal personalized management, based on risk factors, colposcopic patterns and histologic grade of VAIN.
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