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BCL9/BCL9L promotes tumorigenicity through immune-dependent and independent mechanisms in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2982-2997. [PMID: 33767438 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been challenging due to a lack of well-defined molecular targets. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is known to be activated in many TNBC patients and BCL9 and BCL9L are important transcriptional co-activators of β-catenin, but whether inhibition of BCL9/BCL9L can suppress TNBC growth and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that the expression of BCL9 and BCL9L is directly correlated with malignancy in TNBC patient tumors and that BCL9 and BCL9L promote tumor cell growth, cell migration and metastasis in TNBC models. Mechanistically, we found that BCL9/BCL9L promotes tumorigenicity through both the Wnt and TGF-β pathways. Besides, BCL9/BCL9L expression inversely correlates with CD8+ T cell infiltration in TNBC and BCL9/BCL9L inhibits the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. hsBCL9CT-24, an inhibitor of BCL9/β-catenin peptides, promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, reducing regulatory T cells (Treg) and increasing dendritic cells (DCs). Inhibition of BCL9/BCL9L and TGF-β suppresses activity of Treg. TGF-β signaling increases tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In accordance, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of BCL9/BCL9L synergizes with PD-1/L1 antibodies to inhibit tumor growth. In summary, these results suggest that targeting BCL9/BCL9L has a direct anti-tumor effect and also unleashes an anti-cancer immune response through inhibition of both Wnt and TGF-β signaling, suggesting a viable therapeutic approach for TNBC treatment.
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Amiset L, Fend L, Gatard-Scheikl T, Rittner K, Duong V, Rooke R, Muller S, Bonnefoy JY, Préville X, Haegel H. TLR2 ligation protects effector T cells from regulatory T-cell mediated suppression and repolarizes T helper responses following MVA-based cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1271-1280. [PMID: 23243590 PMCID: PMC3518499 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is hampered by the immunosuppression maintained by regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor-bearing hosts. Stimulation of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by Pam3Cys is known to affect Treg-mediated suppression. We found that Pam3Cys increases the proliferation of both CD4+ effector T cells (Teffs) and Tregs co-cultured in vitro, but did not induce the proliferation of Tregs alone upon CD3 and CD28 stimulation. In a mouse model of RMA-MUC1 tumors, Pam3Cys was administered either alone or in combination with a modified vaccinia ankara (MVA)-based mucin 1 (MUC1) therapeutic vaccine. The combination of Pam3Cys with MVA-MUC1 (1) diminished splenic Treg/CD4+ T-cell ratios to those found in tumor-free mice, (2) stimulated a specific anti-MUC1 interferon γ (IFNγ) response and (3) had a significant therapeutic effect on tumor growth and mouse survival. When CD4+ Teffs and Tregs were isolated from Pam3Cys-treated mice, Teffs had become resistant to Treg-mediated suppression while upregulating the expression of BclL-xL. Tregs from Pam3Cys-treated mice were fully suppressive for Teffs from naïve mice. Bcl-xL was induced by Pam3Cys with different kinetics in Tregs and Teffs. Teff from Pam3Cys-treated mice produced increased levels of Th1 and Th2-type cytokines and an interleukin (IL)-6-dependent secretion of IL-17 was observed in Teff:Treg co-cultures, suggesting that TLR2 stimulation had skewed the immune response toward a Th17 profile. Our results show for the first time that in a tumor-bearing host, TLR2 stimulation with Pam3Cys affects both Tregs and Teffs, protects Teff from Treg-mediated suppression and has strong therapeutic effects when combined with an MVA-based antitumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Amiset
- Département d'Immunopharmacologie; Transgene S.A.; Parc d'Innovation; Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Gorabi AM, Hajighasemi S, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Cell transfer-based immunotherapies in cancer: A review. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:790-800. [PMID: 31633881 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In cell transfer therapy (CTT), immune cells such as innate immune-derived natural killer cells and dendritic cells as well as acquired immune-related T lymphocytes such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokine-activated or genetically modified peripheral blood T cells are used in the management of cancer. These therapies are increasingly becoming the most used treatment modality in cancer after tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In adoptive cell transfer, the lymphocytes isolated from either a donor or the patient are modified ex vivo and reinfused to target malignant cells. Transferring in vitro-manipulated immune cells produces a continuous antitumor immune response. In this review, we evaluate the recent advances in CTT for the management of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita M Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hajighasemi
- Faculty of Paramedicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wu J, Kumar S, Wang F, Wang H, Chen L, Arsenault P, Mattern M, Weinstock J. Chemical Approaches to Intervening in Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 (USP7) Function for Oncology and Immune Oncology Therapies. J Med Chem 2017; 61:422-443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Lijia Chen
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Patrick Arsenault
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Michael Mattern
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Joseph Weinstock
- Progenra, Inc., 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
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5
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Liu W, Wei X, Li L, Wu X, Yan J, Yang H, Song F. CCR4 mediated chemotaxis of regulatory T cells suppress the activation of T cells and NK cells via TGF-β pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:196-203. [PMID: 28487109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 has been reported to correlate with lung cancer. However, the role of CCR4 in human non-small cell lung cancer patients is not well defined. Here, we demonstrated that increased expression of CCR4 was associated with clinical stage and CCR4 was an independent risk factor for overall survival in NSCLC patients. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating Treg cells were higher expression than matched adjacent tissues in CCR4+ NSCLC. Higher expression of chemokine CCL17 and CCL22 could recruit Treg cells to tumor sites in NSCLC. Treg in TIL exhibit a higher level of suppressive activity on effector T cells than matched adjacent tissues in NSCLC patients. Significant NK cell reduction was observed in tumor regions compared to non-tumor regions. NK cells demonstrated that reduced the killing capacity against target cells and the expression of CD69 + in vitro. The addition of Treg cells from NSCLC patients efficiently inhibited the anti-tumor ability of autologous NK cells. Treatment with anti-TGF-β antibody restored the impaired cytotoxic activity of T cells and NK cells from tumor tissues. Our results indicate that TGF-β plays an important role in impaired Teff cells and NK cells. It will therefore be valuable to develop therapeutic strategies against CCR4 and TGF-β pathway for therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Junli Yan
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
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Pai SG, Carneiro BA, Mota JM, Costa R, Leite CA, Barroso-Sousa R, Kaplan JB, Chae YK, Giles FJ. Wnt/beta-catenin pathway: modulating anticancer immune response. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:101. [PMID: 28476164 PMCID: PMC5420131 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a highly conserved pathway through evolution, regulates key cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, genetic stability, apoptosis, and stem cell renewal. The Wnt pathway mediates biological processes by a canonical or noncanonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. β-catenin is a core component of the cadherin protein complex, whose stabilization is essential for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. As multiple aberrations in this pathway occur in numerous cancers, WNT-directed therapy represents an area of significant developmental therapeutics focus. The recently described role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment renewed the interest, given its potential impact on responses to immunotherapy treatments. This article summarizes the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer and ongoing therapeutic strategies involving this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gopalkrishna Pai
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Current Address: Department of Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Mauricio Mota
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Costa
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Benjamin Kaplan
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Joseph Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Zongyi Y, Dongying C, Baifeng L. Global Regulatory T-Cell Research from 2000 to 2015: A Bibliometric Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162099. [PMID: 27611317 PMCID: PMC5017768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the global scientific output of regulatory T-cell (Treg) research and built a model to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate publications from 2000 to 2015. Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuters on January 1, 2016. The bibliometric method and Citespace III were used to analyze authors, journals, publication outputs, institutions, countries, research areas, research hotspots, and trends. In total, we identified 35,741 publications on Treg research from 2000 to 2015, and observed that the annual publication rate increased with time. The Journal of Immunology published the highest number of articles, the leading country was the USA, and the leading institute was Harvard University. Sakaguchi, Hori, Fontenot, and Wang were the top authors in Treg research. Immunology accounted for the highest number of publications, followed by oncology, experimental medicine, cell biology, and hematology. Keyword analysis indicated that autoimmunity, inflammation, cytokine, gene expression, foxp3, and immunotherapy were the research hotspots, whereas autoimmune inflammation, gene therapy, granzyme B, RORγt, and th17 were the frontiers of Treg research. This bibliometric analysis revealed that Treg-related studies are still research hotspots, and that Treg-related clinical therapies are the research frontiers; however, further study and collaborations are needed worldwide. Overall, our findings provide valuable information for the editors of immunology journals to identify new perspectives and shape future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zongyi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Dongying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Baifeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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He J, Duan S, Yu X, Qian Z, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Huang X, Huang Y, Su J, Lai C, Meng J, Zhou N, Lu X, Zhao Y. Folate-modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing the IP-10 Gene Enhance Melanoma-specific Cytotoxic CD8(+)CD28(+) T Lymphocyte Responses. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:752-61. [PMID: 27022421 PMCID: PMC4805668 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive immunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has great potential for the treatment of some malignant cancers. Therefore, augmenting the responses of tumor-specific CTLs is significant for the adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor response of a combination therapy employing folate-modified chitosan nanoparticles containing IP-10 (interferon-γ-inducible protein-10) plus melanoma TRP2-specific CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells. METHODS We prepared folate-modified chitosan nanoparticles containing the mouse IP-10 gene (FA-CS-mIP-10), and induced melanoma TRP2-specific CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells by co-culturing them with artificial antigen-presenting cells. B16-bearing mice were treated with FA-CS-mIP-10, melanoma TRP2-specific CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells, a combination of both, and the saline control. Tumor volumes and the survival time of mice were recorded. The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) infiltrating the tumor microenvironment and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry. We also detected the proliferation and angiogenesis of tumors by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis by TUNEL. RESULTS The combination therapy inhibited the progression of melanoma in vivo. Compared with other treatments, it more efficiently inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival time of mice. After treatment with combination therapy, the proportion of MDSCs and Tregs decreased, while the percentage of CXCR3(+)CD8(+) T cells increased. Furthermore, combination therapy inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells and significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION We describe a novel strategy for improving the anti-tumor response of CD8(+)CD28(+) CTLs by combining them with FA-CS-mIP-10 nanoparticles.
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Yu W, Ge M, Lu S, Shi J, Li X, Zhang J, Wang M, Huang J, Shao Y, Huang Z, Zhang J, Nie N, Zheng Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-35 in acquired aplastic anemia. Cytokine 2015; 76:409-416. [PMID: 26282938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 is a novel regulatory cytokine primarily produced by regulatory T cells. Accumulating evidence has established that IL-35 plays an important role in the regulation of immune homeostasis, but little is known regarding the function of IL-35 in acquired aplastic anemia (AA). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of IL-35 and its effects on T cell response in AA. Our study demonstrated that significantly decreased plasma levels of IL-35 in AA were closely correlated with disease severity. In vitro stimulation experiment further confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-35, including suppressing the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector T cells, inhibiting the secretion of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-17 and promoting the production of transforming growth factor-β by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AA. Furthermore, we established that IL-35 inhibited the differentiation of type 1 T cells and T helper 17 cells but promoted the differentiation of type 2 T cells. Accordingly, the expression of T-bet and RORγt was inhibited while the expression of GATA3 was induced after IL-35 treatment. In summary, our findings suggested that decreased IL-35 might contribute to the loss of immune-tolerance and be critically involved in the pathogenesis of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Meili Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Shihong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Xingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Yingqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Neng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, PR China.
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Yu W, Ge M, Lu S, Shi J, Feng S, Li X, Zhang J, Wang M, Huang J, Shao Y, Huang Z, Zhang J, Nie N, Zheng Y. Decreased expression of vitamin D receptor may contribute to the hyperimmune status of patients with acquired aplastic anemia. Eur J Haematol 2015; 96:507-16. [PMID: 26152509 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Meili Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Shihong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Xingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yingqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Neng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
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Christiansson L, Söderlund S, Mangsbo S, Hjorth-Hansen H, Höglund M, Markevärn B, Richter J, Stenke L, Mustjoki S, Loskog A, Olsson-Strömberg U. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib reduce myeloid suppressor cells and release effector lymphocyte responses. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1181-91. [PMID: 25761894 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune escape mechanisms promote tumor progression and are hurdles of cancer immunotherapy. Removing immunosuppressive cells before treatment can enhance efficacy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) may be of interest to combine with immunotherapy, as it has been shown that the inhibitor sunitinib reduces myeloid suppressor cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma and dasatinib promotes expansion of natural killer-like lymphocytes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this study, the capacity of dasatinib and imatinib to reduce myeloid suppressor cells and to induce immunomodulation in vivo was investigated ex vivo. Samples from CML patients treated with imatinib (n = 18) or dasatinib (n = 14) within a Nordic clinical trial (clinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00852566) were investigated for the presence of CD11b(+)CD14(-)CD33(+) myeloid cells and inhibitory molecules (arginase I, myeloperoxidase, IL10) as well as the presence of natural killer cells, T cells (naïve/memory), and stimulatory cytokines (IL12, IFNγ, MIG, IP10). Both imatinib and dasatinib decreased the presence of CD11b(+)CD14(-)CD33(+) myeloid cells as well as the inhibitory molecules and the remaining myeloid suppressor cells had an increased CD40 expression. Monocytes also increased CD40 after therapy. Moreover, increased levels of CD40, IL12, natural killer cells, and experienced T cells were noted after TKI initiation. The presence of experienced T cells was correlated to a higher IFNγ and MIG plasma concentration. Taken together, the results demonstrate that both imatinib and dasatinib tilted the immunosuppressive CML tumor milieu towards promoting immune stimulation. Hence, imatinib and dasatinib may be of interest to combine with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christiansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Söderlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Section of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjorth-Hansen
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Höglund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Section of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Berit Markevärn
- Department of Hematology, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Richter
- Department of Hematology and Coagulation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Stenke
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulla Olsson-Strömberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Section of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Suryadevara CM, Verla T, Sanchez-Perez L, Reap EA, Choi BD, Fecci PE, Sampson JH. Immunotherapy for malignant glioma. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:S68-77. [PMID: 25722935 PMCID: PMC4338494 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.151341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MG) are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor. Most patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant glial tumor, die within 12-15 months. Moreover, conventional treatment, which includes surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy, can be highly toxic by causing nonspecific damage to healthy brain and other tissues. The shortcomings of standard-of-care have thus created a stimulus for the development of novel therapies that can target central nervous system (CNS)-based tumors specifically and efficiently, while minimizing off-target collateral damage to normal brain. Immunotherapy represents an investigational avenue with the promise of meeting this need, already having demonstrated its potential against B-cell malignancy and solid tumors in clinical trials. T-cell engineering with tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is one proven approach that aims to redirect autologous patient T-cells to sites of tumor. This platform has evolved dramatically over the past two decades to include an improved construct design, and these modern CARs have only recently been translated into the clinic for brain tumors. We review here emerging immunotherapeutic platforms for the treatment of MG, focusing on the development and application of a CAR-based strategy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter M Suryadevara
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Terence Verla
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Reap
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John H Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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13
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Vasaturo A, Verdoes M, de Vries J, Torensma R, Figdor CG. Restoring immunosurveillance by dendritic cell vaccines and manipulation of the tumor microenvironment. Immunobiology 2014; 220:243-8. [PMID: 25466585 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells evolve from normal cells throughout life and are usually recognized by our immune system and destroyed, a process called immunosurveillance. Unfortunately, in some instances cancer cells paralyze our immune system, resulting in outgrowth and spreading of the tumor. Understanding the complexity of immunomodulation by tumors is important for the development of therapeutical strategies. Nowadays, various approaches have been developed to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and abrogate the immune dampening effect of the tumor and its surrounding environment, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, therapies to counteract myeloid derived suppressor cell function within the tumor and antagonists of inhibitory signaling pathways to overcome 'immune checkpoints'. The challenge is now to find the right combination of immune based therapies to fully restore immune function and provide a more efficacious and enduring anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vasaturo
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda de Vries
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd Torensma
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Ni X, Jorgensen JL, Goswami M, Challagundla P, Decker WK, Kim YH, Duvic MA. Reduction of Regulatory T Cells by Mogamulizumab, a Defucosylated Anti-CC Chemokine Receptor 4 Antibody, in Patients with Aggressive/Refractory Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:274-85. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Iversen TZ, Brimnes MK, Nikolajsen K, Andersen RS, Hadrup SR, Andersen MH, Bastholt L, Svane IM. Depletion of T lymphocytes is correlated with response to temozolomide in melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23288. [PMID: 23525955 PMCID: PMC3601183 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies to deplete lymphocytes, especially regulatory T cells, in cancer patients have been proposed to increase the benefits of (immuno)chemotherapy. In this study, we explored the influence of temozolomide (TMZ) on different T-cell populations and addressed if the depletion of CD4+ T cells would be associated to the clinical benefits of TMZ. Patients were treated with TMZ (150 mg/m2 daily, every two weeks on a four-week schedule) until disease progression. Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. All patients enrolled in this study had histologically verified unresectable stage IV melanoma. Objective responses were induced in 12.5% of the patients, while 42.5% of them obtained short-term disease stabilization. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of this patient cohort was 8.7 mo. Lymphopenia (< 0.7 × 109 cells/L, grade 2) developed in 71% of the patients after 3 treatment cycles (~100 d). The development of grade 2 lymphopenia after the 3rd cycle of therapy positively correlated with clinical outcome (p = 0.01), and was linked, though non-significantly, to prolonged median PFS (303 vs. 200 d). In addition, significant changes in CD8+ T-cell subgroups were observed, notably a shift from naïve T cells toward more differentiated memory T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that specific CD8+ T-cell responses against selected tumor associated antigens (TAAs) were enhanced by the administration of TMZ (p = 0.04), while virus-specific T-cell responses were stable. Thus, immunological monitoring in the course of TMZ treatment might become an important tool for clinical guidance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Zeeberg Iversen
- Department of Haematology and Oncology; Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev; Herlev, Denmark
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Ott PA, Hodi FS, Robert C. CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: new immunotherapeutic modalities with durable clinical benefit in melanoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 19:5300-9. [PMID: 24089443 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade with monoclonal antibodies directed at the inhibitory immune receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 has emerged as a successful treatment approach for patients with advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab is the first agent associated with a documented improved overall survival benefit in this patient population. A striking attribute of CTLA-4 blockade is the durability of objective responses, leading to speculation of a possible cure for some patients. Many tumor responses achieved with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibition were durable in the phase I trials and were seen in a higher proportion of patients with melanoma than typically observed with ipilimumab. Biomarker development to identify the subset of patients with melanoma who will achieve durable clinical benefit with checkpoint blockade is critical; tumor PD-L1 expression has been promising in early studies. The contrast between unprecedented response rates but limited durability of responses achieved with BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF(V600)-mutated melanoma and the impressive durability but relatively low rate of response achieved with immune checkpoint blockade is striking. Preclinical data on potential synergies between CTLA-4/PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition and MAPK-targeted therapy is emerging, and combined immune checkpoint blockade and MAPK inhibition are being explored in clinical trials. Other promising approaches to increase the number of patients with melanoma who benefit from durable responses with immune checkpoint blockade include concurrent or sequenced CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition and combination with other immunotherapeutic strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5300-9. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Ott
- Authors' Affiliations: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif-Paris Sud, Paris, France
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Bhopale MK, Hilliard B, Constantinescu CS, Fujioka T, Ventura E, Phillips SM, Rostami A. DAB389IL-2 suppresses autoimmune inflammation in the CNS and inhibits T cell-mediated lysis of glial target cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:108-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cell transfer therapy for cancer: past, present, and future. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:525913. [PMID: 24741604 PMCID: PMC3987872 DOI: 10.1155/2014/525913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transfer therapy for cancer has made a rapid progress recently and the immunotherapy has been recognized as the fourth anticancer modality after operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Lymphocytes used for cell transfer therapy include dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and T lymphocytes such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In vitro activated or engineered immune cells can traffic to cancer tissues to elicit persistent antitumor immune response which is very important especially after immunosuppressive treatments such as chemotherapy. In this review, we overviewed recent advances in the exploration of dendritic cells, NK cells, and T cells for the treatment of human cancer cells.
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Olin MR, Pluhar GE, Andersen BM, Shaver R, Waldron NN, Moertel CL. Victory and defeat in the induction of a therapeutic response through vaccine therapy for human and canine brain tumors: a review of the state of the art. Crit Rev Immunol 2014; 34:399-432. [PMID: 25404047 PMCID: PMC4485925 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2014011577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunotherapy using tumor lysate-based vaccines has made great advances over recent decades. Cancer vaccines aim to elicit adaptive immune responses through various pathways by providing tumor and tumor-associated antigens with an immune stimulant or adjuvant. These anti-tumor vaccines are therefore developed as personalized treatments. Utilizing tumors as a source of vaccine antigens in immunotherapy has demonstrated promising results with minimal toxicity. However, to date, researchers have failed to overcome the overpowering immune suppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment. Immune suppression occurs naturally via multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms serve an important homeostatic role restoring a normal tissue microenvironment following an inflammatory response. Due to these suppressive mechanisms and the inherent heterogeneity of tumors, it is imperative to then elicit and maintain a specific tumoricidal response if vaccine therapy or some other combination of reagents is chosen. In this review, we focus on the historical use of tumors as a source of antigens to elicit a tumoricidal response and the limitations encountered that prevent greater success in immunotherapy. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of various vaccines and their ineffectiveness due to tumor-induced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Olin
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445
| | - G. Elizabeth Pluhar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Brian M. Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445
| | - Rob Shaver
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445
| | - Nate N. Waldron
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445
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20
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Schuler PJ, Harasymczuk M, Schilling B, Saze Z, Strauss L, Lang S, Johnson JT, Whiteside TL. Effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy on the frequency and function of regulatory T cells in patients with head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6585-96. [PMID: 24097865 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate in tumor tissues and the peripheral blood of cancer patients and may persist after therapies. This cross-sectional study examines effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on Treg numbers and function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The frequency and absolute numbers of CD4(+), ATP-hydrolyzing CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and expression levels of CD39, CD25, TGF-β-associated LAP and GARP on Treg were measured by flow cytometry in 40 healthy donors (NC) and 71 HNSCC patients [29 untreated with active disease (AD); 22 treated with surgery; 20 treated with CRT]. All treated subjects had no evident disease (NED) at the time of phlebotomy. In an additional cohort of 40 subjects with AD (n = 15), NED (n = 10), and NC (n = 15), in vitro sensitivity of CD4(+) T-cell subsets to cisplatin and activation-induced cell death (AICD) was tested in Annexin V-binding assays. RESULTS CRT decreased the frequency of circulating CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.002) but increased that of CD4(+)CD39(+) Treg (P ≤ 0.001) compared with untreated or surgery-only patients. Treg frequency remained elevated for >3 years. CRT increased surface expression of LAP, GARP, and CD39 on Treg. In vitro Treg were resistant to AICD or cisplatin but conventional CD4(+) T cells (Tconv) were not. CRT-induced Treg from AD or NC subjects upregulated prosurvival proteins whereas Tconv upregulated proapoptotic Bax. CONCLUSIONS Highly suppressive, cisplatin-resistant Treg increase in frequency and persist after CRT and could be responsible for suppression of antitumor immune responses and recurrence in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Schuler
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Essen, Germany; and Department of Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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21
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Lan KH, Liu YC, Shih YS, Tsaid CL, Yen SH, Lan KL. A DNA vaccine against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) prevents tumor growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:222-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Denileukin diftitox (ONTAK) induces a tolerogenic phenotype in dendritic cells and stimulates survival of resting Treg. Blood 2013; 122:2185-94. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-456988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
ONTAK blocks DC maturation by coreceptor downmodulation and inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation to induce a tolerogenic phenotype. ONTAK kills activated CD4 T cells but stimulates antiapoptosis in resting Treg by engagement and stimulation through CD25.
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23
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Xu W, Cai J, Li S, Zhang H, Han J, Wen M, Wen J, Gao F. Improving the in vivo persistence, distribution and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by inhibiting the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:50-60. [PMID: 23659474 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy of malignant tumors has the problem of symbiosis between effector cells and tumor cells, a short in vivo residence time, and a poor killing efficiency of effector cells. Thus, releasing effector cells from the cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment and improving their effective time and functional status in vivo would seem to be ideal strategies for facilitating immunotherapy. Low-dose cyclophosphamide administration can effectively break immunotolerance by inhibiting regulatory T cells. In the present study, in order to verify whether the persistence, distribution and function of effector cells can be improved by inhibiting immunosuppressive microenvironment, low-dose cyclophosphamide was previously intraperitoneally injected into melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice, thereafter, CFSE-labeled cytotoxic T lymphocytes were transfused intravenously, and their effective time, distributive pattern, and killing efficiency in different groups were observed by measuring the fluorescence intensity and cell cycle of cytotoxic T lymphocytes distributed in various organs, in comparison with tumor growth. We found down-regulating Tregs in vivo can simultaneously reduce the levels of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β. Migration and distribution of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo was found to vary with time. Inhibition of immunotolerance can significantly improve the persistence, distribution, and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Correspondingly, significantly higher secretion of perforin, granzyme B, IL-2, and IFN-γ in tumor tissues with decreased tumor growth was seen in the cyclophosphamide injection group than in the control group. Our study may provide useful information on the cyclophosphamide-mediated mechanism for facilitating tumor immunotherapy by inhibiting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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24
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Rech AJ, Mick R, Martin S, Recio A, Aqui NA, Powell DJ, Colligon TA, Trosko JA, Leinbach LI, Pletcher CH, Tweed CK, DeMichele A, Fox KR, Domchek SM, Riley JL, Vonderheide RH. CD25 blockade depletes and selectively reprograms regulatory T cells in concert with immunotherapy in cancer patients. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:134ra62. [PMID: 22593175 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) are key mediators of immune tolerance and feature prominently in cancer. Depletion of CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T(regs) in vivo may promote T cell cancer immunosurveillance, but no strategy to do so in humans while preserving immunity and preventing autoimmunity has been validated. We evaluated the Food and Drug Administration-approved CD25-blocking monoclonal antibody daclizumab with regard to human T(reg) survival and function. In vitro, daclizumab did not mediate antibody-dependent or complement-mediated cytotoxicity but rather resulted in the down-regulation of FoxP3 selectively among CD25(high) CD45RA(neg) T(regs). Moreover, daclizumab-treated CD45RA(neg) T(regs) lost suppressive function and regained the ability to produce interferon-γ, consistent with reprogramming. To understand the impact of daclizumab on T(regs) in vivo, we performed a clinical trial of daclizumab in combination with an experimental cancer vaccine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Daclizumab administration led to a marked and prolonged decrease in T(regs) in patients. Robust CD8 and CD4 T cell priming and boosting to all vaccine antigens were observed in the absence of autoimmunity. We conclude that CD25 blockade depletes and selectively reprograms T(regs) in concert with active immune therapy in cancer patients. These results suggest a mechanism to target cancer-associated T(regs) while avoiding autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Rech
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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The characteristic expression of B7-associated proteins in Langerhans cell sarcoma. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:733-43. [PMID: 22305414 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare malignancy derived from dendritic cells of the epidermis that is characterized by cytological atypia, frequent mitoses, and aggressive clinical behavior. Cancer-associated B7 molecules including B7-H1, B7-DC, B7-H3 and B7-H4 are thought to be involved in the immunoescape of cancer cells and to function as prognostic markers. However, the expression and distribution of these molecules in LCS have not been described. Here we report that all of these molecules were observed in LCS sample sections by immunohistochemistry analysis. At the cellular level, they were found on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. Fluorescence dual staining indicated that B7-H1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 were principally associated with Langerin(+) tumor cells. More interestingly, B7-H1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 were co-expressed on the same tumor cells. Z39Ig, the novel B7-related protein, was also found in the LCS sample sections. Fluorescence dual staining showed that Z39Ig was restricted on CD68(+) macrophages. Our results suggest that B7-H1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 may be potential biomarkers to identify LCS, and a clear understanding of their functional roles may further elucidate the pathogenesis of this carcinoma and potentially contribute to the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Fontenelle B, Gilbert KM. n-Butyrate Anergized Effector CD4+T Cells Independent of Regulatory T cell Generation or Activity. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:457-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow (BM) failure attacked by autoreactive effector T cells and BM is the main target organ. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were believed to control development and progression of autoimmunity by suppressing autoreactive effector T cells, but little was known regarding the function of Tregs in AA. Our study demonstrated that both peripheral blood (PB) and BM had decreased frequencies of Tregs, accompanied with a reversed lower ratio of Treg frequencies between BM and PB in AA. PB Tregs in AA had impaired migratory ability because of lower CXCR4 (but not for CXCR7) expression. Interestingly, we first showed that impairment of Treg-mediated immunosuppression was intrinsic to Tregs, rather than resistance of effector T cells to suppression in AA by coculture assays and criss-cross experiments in vitro. Furthermore, Tregs in AA were less able to inhibit interferon-γ production by effector T cells. Defective immunosuppression by Tregs could contribute to impaired hematopoiesis conducted by effector T cells in vitro. Our study provided powerful evidence that impairment of Tregs played a critical role in the pathophysiology of AA. Thus, patients with AA might greatly benefit from a Treg-oriented immunosuppressive strategy.
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Quakkelaar ED, Melief CJM. Experience with synthetic vaccines for cancer and persistent virus infections in nonhuman primates and patients. Adv Immunol 2012; 114:77-106. [PMID: 22449779 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396548-6.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic vaccines, in particular long synthetic peptides of approximately 25-50 amino acids in length, are attractive for HIV vaccine development and for induction of therapeutic immune responses in patients with (pre-)malignant disorders. In the case of preventive vaccine development against HIV, no major success has been achieved, but the possibilities are by no means exhausted. A long peptide vaccine consisting of 13 overlapping peptides, which together cover the entire length of the two oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 of high-risk human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16), caused complete regression of all lesions and eradication of virus in 9 out of 20 women with high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a therapy-resistant preneoplastic disorder. The nature and strength of the vaccine-prompted T cell responses were significantly correlated with the clinical response. Synthetic peptide vaccines are attractive, because they allow rational improvement of vaccine design and detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies not possible with conventional vaccines. Improvements are possible by addition or conjugation of adjuvants, notably TLR ligands, to the synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther D Quakkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Activating the immune system for therapeutic benefit in cancer has long been a goal in immunology and oncology. After decades of disappointment, the tide has finally changed due to the success of recent proof-of-concept clinical trials. Most notable has been the ability of the anti-CTLA4 antibody, ipilimumab, to achieve a significant increase in survival for patients with metastatic melanoma, for which conventional therapies have failed. In the context of advances in the understanding of how tolerance, immunity and immunosuppression regulate antitumour immune responses together with the advent of targeted therapies, these successes suggest that active immunotherapy represents a path to obtain a durable and long-lasting response in cancer patients.
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30
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Qin K, Tian G, Li P, Chen Q, Zhang R, Ke YQ, Xiao ZC, Jiang XD. Anti-glioma response of autologous T cells stimulated by autologous dendritic cells electrofused with CD133+ or CD133- glioma cells. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 242:9-15. [PMID: 22123613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, the most common tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), currently results in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The expression of CD133, a stem-like cell marker expressed in the glioma cells, is believed to lead to tumorigenesis in the human brain. Thus, it is necessary to find a proper method to specifically kill the CD133(+) glioma cells. Dendritic cell (DC)/tumor hybrids are proven to be able to induce an effective immune response, leading to killing of glioma cells in vitro. We isolated CD133(+) cells from a population of primary glioma cells, and cultured autologous DCs and T cells at the same time. Next, we electrofused the DCs with the CD133(+) glioma cells and with CD133- ones, in order to explore a new strategy for glioma therapy. We then exposed the T cells to five separate groups of cells: DC/CD133(+) hybrids, DC/CD133(-) hybrids, DCs alone, unsorted glioma cells alone and mixed DCs-glioma cells. A cytotoxicity assay showed that T cells stimulated by either type of hybrid were able to kill cultured autologous glioma cells significantly more effectively than those stimulated by the other three cell types (P<0.05). The amounts of IFN-γ secreted by T cells stimulated by the two types of fused cells were obviously increased compared to those stimulated by the other three cell types (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were noted between the effects of the two hybrids, neither in the cytotoxicity assay nor in the IFN-γ release assay (P>0.05). Therefore, both DC/CD133(+) and DC/CD133(-) hybrids can cause significant T cell immune responses in vitro. There were no significant differences between the immune responses caused by the two types of hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qin
- Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2011; 16:650-60. [PMID: 22068023 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32834dd969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Miao J, Zhang J, Zheng L, Yu X, Zhu W, Zou S. Taurine attenuates Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis in rats by increasing T regulatory cells. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2417-28. [PMID: 21809074 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) is reported to have a key role in the regulation of the innate immune response and thus reduce tissue damage induced by bacterial infection. In this study, the effects of Tau on a rat model of mastitis induced by Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) and the changes of T regulatory cells (Tregs) were assessed. Starting on gestation day 14 and continuing until parturition, 100 mg/kg of taurine (group TS) or an equal volume of physiological saline (group CS) was administered daily, per os. Seventy-two hours after parturition, rats were infused with approximately 100 cfu of S. uberis into each of two mammary glands. The results showed that the resultant inflammation, evidenced by swelling, secretory epithelial cell degeneration, increased adipose tissue and neutrophil (PMN) infiltration were evident in mammary tissue following injection with S. uberis. Pre-treatment with Tau attenuated these morphologic changes, the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (INF)-γ mRNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in mammary tissue. The percentages of Foxp3+CD25+CD4+/lymphocytes (Tregs) were dramatically increased after the S. uberis challenge. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed at 24, and 72 h post S. uberis-injection (PI) in CS. Pre-treatment further increased the percentage of Tregs and a significant difference between CS and TS (P<0.05) was apparent at 24 h PI. Our data indicate that in rats, Tau can be used to regulate the immune response following infection by S. uberis and consequently prevent mammary tissue damage by increasing Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Huang X, Chen YT, Song HZ, Huang GC, Chen LB. Cisplatin pretreatment enhances anti-tumor activity of cytokine-induced killer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3002-11. [PMID: 21799646 PMCID: PMC3132251 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i25.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether cisplatin (DDP) enhances the anti-tumor activity of cytokine- induced killer (CIK) cells in a murine colon adenocarcinoma model.
METHODS: Tumor size and weight served as indicators of therapeutic response. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration and tumor microvessel density. Changes in the percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells within the spleens of tumor-bearing mice preconditioned with DDP were monitored using flow cytometry.
RESULTS: A marked T cell-dependent, synergistic anti-tumor effect of the combined therapy was observed (1968 ± 491 mm3 vs 3872 ± 216 mm3; P = 0.003). Preconditioning chemotherapy with DDP augmented the infiltration of CD3+ T lymphocytes into the tumor mass and reduced the percentage of both intratumoral and splenic Treg cells.
CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with DDP markedly enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred CIK cells, providing a potential clinical modality for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Mikkelsen SR, Long JM, Zhang L, Galemore ER, VandeWoude S, Dean GA. Partial regulatory T cell depletion prior to acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection does not alter disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17183. [PMID: 21364928 PMCID: PMC3045403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats follows a disease course similar to HIV-1, including a short acute phase characterized by high viremia, and a prolonged asymptomatic phase characterized by low viremia and generalized immune dysfunction. CD4(+)CD25(hi)FoxP3(+) immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells have been implicated as a possible cause of immune dysfunction during FIV and HIV-1 infection, as they are capable of modulating virus-specific and inflammatory immune responses. Additionally, the immunosuppressive capacity of feline Treg cells has been shown to be increased during FIV infection. We have previously shown that transient in vivo Treg cell depletion during asymptomatic FIV infection reveals FIV-specific immune responses suppressed by Treg cells. In this study, we sought to determine the immunological influence of Treg cells during acute FIV infection. We asked whether Treg cell depletion prior to infection with the highly pathogenic molecular clone FIV-C36 in cats could alter FIV pathogenesis. We report here that partial Treg cell depletion prior to FIV infection does not significantly change provirus, viremia, or CD4(+) T cell levels in blood and lymphoid tissues during the acute phase of disease. The effects of anti-CD25 mAb treatment are truncated in cats acutely infected with FIV-C36 as compared to chronically infected cats or FIV-naïve cats, as Treg cell levels were heightened in all treatment groups included in the study within two weeks post-FIV infection. Our findings suggest that the influence of Treg cell suppression during FIV pathogenesis is most prominent after Treg cells are activated in the environment of established FIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rochelle Mikkelsen
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Long
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erin R. Galemore
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gregg A. Dean
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Toh HC. World Cancer Day 2011 – A World without Cancer One Day? ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2011. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n2p65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hoos A, Ibrahim R, Korman A, Abdallah K, Berman D, Shahabi V, Chin K, Canetta R, Humphrey R. Development of Ipilimumab: Contribution to a New Paradigm for Cancer Immunotherapy. Semin Oncol 2010; 37:533-46. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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