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Wei L, Yu X, Chen H, Du Y. The role of P2X4R in regulating CA1 hippocampal synaptic impairment in LPS-induced depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:595-605. [PMID: 39019229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the role of the P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) in regulating hippocampal synaptic impairment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression. METHODS A rat model of depression was established by LPS injection. P2X4R expression was inhibited by 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD). Depressive symptoms were identified through behavioral tests. P2X4R and cytokine mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR, while synaptic protein levels were measured by Western blotting. Synaptic ultrastructure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, and the colocalization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with microglia, astrocytes, and neurons was determined by double immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Injection of 5-BDBD alleviated LPS-induced depressive symptoms. LPS injection significantly increased the mRNA levels of P2X4R and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, especially in the CA1 region. The levels of synaptic proteins (BDNF, PSD95, and synapsin I) in the CA1 region were significantly lower than those in the other two regions of the hippocampus, and the synaptic ultrastructure in the hippocampal CA1 region was significantly altered. As expected, the Pearson's correlation R and the overlap coefficient R for the hippocampal colocalization of IBA-1 with BDNF were decreased, and 5-BDBD injection reversed these trends. Injection of 5-BDBD increased hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS P2X4R may induce synaptic impairment in the hippocampal CA1 region by influencing microglial BDNF expression in the context of LPS-induced depression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Liang W, Zhang T, Zhang M, Gao J, Huang R, Huang X, Chen J, Cheng L, Zhang L, Huang Z, Tan Q, Jia Z, Zhang S. Daphnetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Responses and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Spinal Cord. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:789. [PMID: 38931456 PMCID: PMC11207025 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common type of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. This condition imposes a considerable economic burden on society and patients. Daphnetin (DAP) is a natural product isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb with various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate DAP's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. The NP model was established as chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and pain sensitivity was evaluated by measuring the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal threshold (TWT). The activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn was measured via immunofluorescence staining. Protein levels were measured using a western blot assay. Using a mass-spectrometry proteomics platform and an LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics platform, proteins and metabolites in spinal cord tissues were extracted and analyzed. DAP treatment ameliorated the MWT and TWT in CCI rats. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was inhibited by DAP treatment in the spinal cords of CCI rats. Moreover, the activation of microglia was suppressed after DAP treatment. The elevation in the levels of P2X4, IRF8, IRF5, BDNF, and p-P38/P38 in the spinal cord caused by CCI was inhibited by DAP. Proteomics and metabolomics results indicated that DAP ameliorated the imbalance of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the spinal cords of CCI rats. DAP can potentially ameliorate NP by regulating microglial responses and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the CCI model. This study provides a pharmacological justification for using DAP in the management of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulin Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tianrui Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Toxicology and Preclinical Research of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Radiotoxicology and Preclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals in China, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute For Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rikang Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiyan Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Toxicology and Preclinical Research of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Radiotoxicology and Preclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals in China, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Radiology and Environmental Medicine, China Institute For Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhishan Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhanhong Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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3
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Nagel J, Törmäkangas O, Kuokkanen K, El-Tayeb A, Messinger J, Abdelrahman A, Bous C, Schiedel AC, Müller CE. Preparation and preliminary evaluation of a tritium-labeled allosteric P2X4 receptor antagonist. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10005-2. [PMID: 38795223 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X4 receptors are ATP-gated cation channels that were proposed as novel drug targets due to their role in inflammation and neuropathic pain. Only few potent and selective P2X4 receptor antagonists have been described to date. Labeled tool compounds suitable for P2X4 receptor binding studies are lacking. Here, we present a novel allosteric P2X4 receptor antagonist possessing high potency in the low nanomolar range. We describe its tritium-labeling resulting in the P2X4-selective radiotracer [3H]PSB-OR-2020 with high specific activity (45 Ci/mmol; 1.67 TBq/mmol). A radioligand binding assay was developed using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell membranes recombinantly expressing the human P2X4 receptor. Competition binding studies with structurally diverse P2X4 receptor antagonists revealed different allosteric binding sites indicating that the new class of P2X4 receptor antagonists, to which PSB-OR-2020 belongs, interacts with an unprecedented allosteric site. [3H]PSB-OR-2020 may become a useful tool for research on P2X4 receptors and for promoting drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nagel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn, 53121, Germany
| | - Olli Törmäkangas
- Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Tengströminkatu 8, FI-20360 Turku, and Orionintie 1A, Espoo, FI- 02200, Finland
| | - Katja Kuokkanen
- Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Tengströminkatu 8, FI-20360 Turku, and Orionintie 1A, Espoo, FI- 02200, Finland
| | - Ali El-Tayeb
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn, 53121, Germany
| | - Josef Messinger
- Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Tengströminkatu 8, FI-20360 Turku, and Orionintie 1A, Espoo, FI- 02200, Finland
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn, 53121, Germany
| | - Christiane Bous
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn, 53121, Germany
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn, 53121, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, Bonn, 53121, Germany.
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4
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Deng D, Zhang T, Ma L, Zhao W, Huang S, Wang K, Shu S, Chen X. PD-L1/PD-1 pathway: a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:51. [PMID: 38643205 PMCID: PMC11031890 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom of many diseases with a high incidence rate. Clinically, drug treatment, as the main method to relieve pain at present, is often accompanied by different degrees of adverse reactions. Therefore, it is urgent to gain a profound understanding of the pain mechanisms in order to develop advantageous analgesic targets. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, an important inhibitory molecule in the immune system, has taken part in regulating neuroinflammation and immune response. Accumulating evidence indicates that the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is aberrantly activated in various pain models. And blocking PD-L1/PD-1 pathway will aggravate pain behaviors. This review aims to summarize the emerging evidence on the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in alleviating pain and provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in pain resolution, including the regulation of macrophages, microglia, T cells, as well as nociceptor neurons. However, its underlying mechanism still needs to be further elucidated in the future. In conclusion, despite more deep researches are needed, these pioneering studies indicate that PD-L1/PD-1 may be a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaofang Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Khir NAM, Noh ASM, Long I, Zakaria R, Ismail CAN. Recent progress on anti-nociceptive effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:539-552. [PMID: 37106243 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbon monoxide (CO) has evolved albeit controversial disputes on its toxicity. This biological gasotransmitter participates in the endogenous regulation of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released in the nervous system. Exogenous CO gas inhalation at a lower concentration has been the subject of investigations, which have revealed its biological homeostatic mechanisms and protective effects against many pathological conditions. This therapeutic procedure of CO is, however, limited due to its immediate release, which favours haemoglobin at a high affinity with the subsequent generation of toxic carboxyhaemoglobin in tissues. In order to address this problem, carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) or also known as tricarbonyldichlororuthenium II dimer is developed to liberate a controlled amount of CO in the biological systems. In this review, we examine several potential mechanisms exerted by this therapeutic compound to produce the anti-nociceptive effect that has been demonstrated in previous studies. This review could shed light on the role of CORM-2 to reduce pain, especially in cases of chronic and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ajilah Mohamed Khir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ain' Sabreena Mohd Noh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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6
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Marty-Lombardi S, Lu S, Ambroziak W, Schrenk-Siemens K, Wang J, DePaoli-Roach AA, Hagenston AM, Wende H, Tappe-Theodor A, Simonetti M, Bading H, Okun JG, Kuner R, Fleming T, Siemens J. Neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling facilitates spinal plasticity and maintenance of inflammatory pain. Nat Metab 2024; 6:494-513. [PMID: 38443593 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Long-lasting pain stimuli can trigger maladaptive changes in the spinal cord, reminiscent of plasticity associated with memory formation. Metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons has been implicated in neuronal plasticity and memory formation in the central nervous system, but neither its involvement in pathological pain nor in spinal plasticity has been tested. Here we report a form of neuroglia signalling involving spinal astrocytic glycogen dynamics triggered by persistent noxious stimulation via upregulation of the Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTG) in spinal astrocytes. PTG drove glycogen build-up in astrocytes, and blunting glycogen accumulation and turnover by Ptg gene deletion reduced pain-related behaviours and promoted faster recovery by shortening pain maintenance in mice. Furthermore, mechanistic analyses revealed that glycogen dynamics is a critically required process for maintenance of pain by facilitating neuronal plasticity in spinal lamina 1 neurons. In summary, our study describes a previously unappreciated mechanism of astrocyte-neuron metabolic communication through glycogen breakdown in the spinal cord that fuels spinal neuron hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiying Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Oliver Wyman GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Wojciech Ambroziak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Disease Understanding, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna A DePaoli-Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Wende
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Taconic Biosciences, Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Simonetti
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Dietmar-Hopp-Metabolic Center, Division of Neuropaediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Ismail CAN, Zakaria R, Azman KF, Shafin N, Bakar NAA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in chronic pain research: A decade of bibliometric analysis and network visualization. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:1-24. [PMID: 38617040 PMCID: PMC11007409 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain research, with a specific focus on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has made impressive progress in the past decade, as evident in the improved research quality and increased publications. To better understand this evolving landscape, a quantitative approach is needed. The main aim of this study is to identify the hotspots and trends of BDNF in chronic pain research. We screened relevant publications from 2013 to 2022 in the Scopus database using specific search subject terms. A total of 401 documents were selected for further analysis. We utilized several tools, including Microsoft Excel, Harzing's Publish or Perish, and VOSViewer, to perform a frequency analysis, citation metrics, and visualization, respectively. Key indicators that were examined included publication growth, keyword analyses, topmost influential articles and journals, networking by countries and co-citation of cited references. Notably, there was a persistent publication growth between 2015 and 2021. "Neuropathic pain" emerged as a prominent keyword in 2018, alongside "microglia" and "depression". The journal Pain® was the most impactful journal that published BDNF and chronic pain research, while the most influential publications came from open-access reviews and original articles. China was the leading contributor, followed by the United States (US), and maintained a leadership position in the total number of publications and collaborations. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive list of the most influential publications on BDNF in chronic pain research, thereby aiding in the understanding of academic concerns, research hotspots, and global trends in this specialized field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Nazlahshaniza Shafin
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Noor Azlina Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Medical Campus, Jalan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MALAYSIA
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8
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Centeno MV, Alam MS, Haldar K, Apkarian AV. Long-range action of an HDAC inhibitor treats chronic pain in a spared nerve injury rat model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571583. [PMID: 38168166 PMCID: PMC10760082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) that modulate epigenetic regulation and are approved for treating rare cancers have, in disease models, also been shown to mitigate neurological conditions, including chronic pain. They are of interest as non-opioid treatments, but achieving long-term efficacy with limited dosing has remained elusive. Here we utilize a triple combination formulation (TCF) comprised of a pan-HDACi vorinostat (Vo at its FDA-approved daily dose of 50mg/Kg), the caging agent 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) known to boost plasma and brain exposure and efficacy of Vo in mice and rats, of various ages, spared nerve injury (SNI) model of chronic neuropathic pain. Administration of the TCF (but not HPBCD and PEG) decreased mechanical allodynia for 4 weeks without antagonizing weight, anxiety, or mobility. This was achieved at less than 1% of the total dose of Vo approved for 4 weeks of tumor treatment and associated with decreased levels of major inflammatory markers and microglia in ipsilateral (but not contralateral) spinal cord regions. A single TCF injection was sufficient for 3-4 weeks of efficacy: this was mirrored in repeat injections, specific for the injured paw and not seen on sham treatment. Pharmacodynamics in an SNI mouse model suggested pain relief was sustained for days to weeks after Vo elimination. Doubling Vo in a single TCF injection proved effectiveness was limited to male rats, where the response amplitude tripled and remained effective for > 2 months, an efficacy that outperforms all currently available chronic pain pharmacotherapies. Together, these data suggest that through pharmacological modulation of Vo, the TCF enables single-dose effectiveness with extended action, reduces long-term HDACi dosage, and presents excellent potential to develop as a non-opioid treatment option for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Centeno
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Md Suhail Alam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Kasturi Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Apkar Vania Apkarian
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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9
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Wang H, Chen L, Xing J, Shi X, Xu C. Naringin inhibits P2X4 receptor expression on satellite glial cells in the neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion. J Appl Biomed 2023; 21:193-199. [PMID: 38112458 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2023.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringin inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress, the P2 purinoreceptor X4 receptor (P2X4R) is associated with glial cell activation and inflammation, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of naringin on P2X4 receptor expression on satellite glial cells (SGCs) and its possible mechanisms. ATP promoted the SGC activation and upregulated P2X4R expression; naringin inhibited SGC activation, decreased expression of P2X4R, P38 MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB, and reduced levels of Ca2+, TNF-α, and IL-1β in SGCs in an ATP-containing environment. These findings suggest that naringin attenuates the ATP-induced SGC activation and reduces P2X4R expression via the Ca2+-P38 MAPK/ERK-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Wang
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Juping Xing
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchao Shi
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Department of Physiology, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, School of Clinical Medicine, Shangrao, 334000, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shangrao, 334000, P.R. China
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10
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Sadlon A, Takousis P, Ankli B, Alexopoulos P, Perneczky R. Association of Chronic Pain with Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration, Microglial Activation, and Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Impaired Cognitive Function. Ann Neurol 2023; 95:10.1002/ana.26804. [PMID: 37787094 PMCID: PMC10987399 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Debate surrounds the role of chronic pain as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. This study aimed at examining the association of chronic pain with biomarkers of neurodegeneration using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. METHODS Participants were classified using the ATN (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) classification. Chronic pain was defined as persistent or recurrent pain reported at baseline. For each ATN group, analysis of covariance models identified differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid β1-42 , phosphorylated tau 181 (ptau181 ), total tau (t-tau), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), and cognitive function between chronic pain states. Differences in CSF levels of inflammatory markers between chronic pain states were further analyzed. Linear mixed effect models examined longitudinal changes. RESULTS The study included 995 individuals, with 605 (60.81%) reporting chronic pain at baseline. At baseline, individuals with suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology and chronic pain showed increased CSF levels of t-tau and sTREM2. Chronic pain was associated with increased tumor necrosis factor α levels, irrespective of the ATN group. Longitudinally, an increase in ptau181 CSF levels was observed in chronic pain patients with negative amyloid and neurodegeneration markers. Amyloid-positive and neurodegeneration-negative chronic pain patients showed higher memory function cross-sectionally. No significant longitudinal decline in cognitive function was observed for any ATN group. INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that chronic pain induces neuronal damage and microglial activation in particular subgroups of patients along the AD spectrum. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Sadlon
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pain Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petros Takousis
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Barbara Ankli
- Pain Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Global Βrain Health Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Patras Dementia Day Care Centre, Patras, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK)
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11
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Smith PA. Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1220034. [PMID: 37810432 PMCID: PMC10559888 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve injury promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion of immunocompetent cells into the site of injury, spinal cord and higher sensory structures such as thalamus and cingulate and sensory cortices. Various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, monoamines and neuropeptides effect two-way signalling between neurons, glia and immune cells. This promotes sustained hyperexcitability and spontaneous activity in primary afferents that is crucial for onset and persistence of pain as well as misprocessing of sensory information in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures. Much of the current understanding of pain aetiology and identification of drug targets derives from studies of the consequences of peripheral nerve injury in rodent models. Although a vast amount of information has been forthcoming, the translation of this information into the clinical arena has been minimal. Few, if any, major therapeutic approaches have appeared since the mid 1990's. This may reflect failure to recognise differences in pain processing in males vs. females, differences in cellular responses to different types of injury and differences in pain processing in humans vs. animals. Basic science and clinical approaches which seek to bridge this knowledge gap include better assessment of pain in animal models, use of pain models which better emulate human disease, and stratification of human pain phenotypes according to quantitative assessment of signs and symptoms of disease. This can lead to more personalized and effective treatments for individual patients. Significance statement: There is an urgent need to find new treatments for neuropathic pain. Although classical animal models have revealed essential features of pain aetiology such as peripheral and central sensitization and some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, they do not adequately model the multiplicity of disease states or injuries that may bring forth neuropathic pain in the clinic. This review seeks to integrate information from the multiplicity of disciplines that seek to understand neuropathic pain; including immunology, cell biology, electrophysiology and biophysics, anatomy, cell biology, neurology, molecular biology, pharmacology and behavioral science. Beyond this, it underlines ongoing refinements in basic science and clinical practice that will engender improved approaches to pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Sophocleous RA, Sluyter R. From dolphins to dogs: new opportunities to understand the role of P2X4 receptors in spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1497-1498. [PMID: 36571351 PMCID: PMC10075128 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reece A Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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13
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Ducza L, Gajtkó A, Hegedűs K, Bakk E, Kis G, Gaál B, Takács R, Szücs P, Matesz K, Holló K. Neuronal P2X4 receptor may contribute to peripheral inflammatory pain in rat spinal dorsal horn. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1115685. [PMID: 36969557 PMCID: PMC10033954 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1115685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIntense inflammation may result in pain, which manifests as spinal central sensitization. There is growing evidence that purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of pain processing. Over the last decade the ionotropic P2X purino receptor 4 (P2X4) got into spotlight in neuropathic disorders, however its precise spinal expression was scantily characterized during inflammatory pain. Thus, we intended to analyze the receptor distribution within spinal dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats suffering in inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund adjuvant (CFA).MethodsCFA-induced peripheral inflammation was validated by mechanical and thermal behavioral tests. In order to ensure about the putative alteration of spinal P2X4 receptor gene expression qPCR reactions were designed, followed by immunoperoxidase and Western blot experiments to assess changes at a protein level. Colocalization of P2X4 with neuronal and glial markers was investigated by double immunofluorescent labelings, which were subsequently analyzed with IMARIS software. Transmission electronmicroscopy was applied to study the ultrastructural localization of the receptor. Concurrently, in lumbar DRG cells similar methodology has been carried out to complete our observations.ResultsThe figures of mechanical and thermal behavioral tests proved the establishment of CFA-induced inflammatory pain. We observed significant enhancement of P2X4 transcript level within the spinal dorsal horn 3 days upon CFA administration. Elevation of P2X4 immunoreactivity within Rexed lamina I-II of the spinal gray matter was synchronous with mRNA expression, and confirmed by protein blotting. According to IMARIS analysis the robust protein increase was mainly detected on primary afferent axonterminals and GFAP-labelled astrocyte membrane compartments, but not on postsynaptic dendrites was also validated ultrastructurally within the spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, lumbar DRG analysis demonstrated that peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptive subsets of ganglia cells were also abundantly positive for P2X4 receptor in CFA model.ConclusionHere we provide novel evidence about involvement of neuronal and glial P2X4 receptor in the establishment of inflammatory pain.
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14
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Thakkar B, Acevedo EO. BDNF as a biomarker for neuropathic pain: Consideration of mechanisms of action and associated measurement challenges. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2903. [PMID: 36722793 PMCID: PMC10013954 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this paper is to (1) provide a summary of human studies that have used brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker, (2) review animal studies that help to elucidate the mechanistic involvement of BDNF in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NP), and (3) provide a critique of the existing measurement techniques to highlight the limitations of the methods utilized to quantify BDNF in different biofluids in the blood (i.e., serum and plasma) with the intention of presenting a case for the most reliable and valid technique. Lastly, this review also explores potential moderators that can influence the measurement of BDNF and provides recommendations to standardize its quantification to reduce the inconsistencies across studies. METHODS In this manuscript we examined the literature on BDNF, focusing on its role as a biomarker, its mechanism of action in NP, and critically analyzed its measurement in serum and plasma to identify factors that contribute to the discrepancy in results between plasma and serum BDNF values. RESULTS A large heterogenous literature was reviewed that detailed BDNF's utility as a potential biomarker in healthy volunteers, patients with chronic pain, and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders but demonstrated inconsistent findings. The literature provides insight into the mechanism of action of BDNF at different levels of the central nervous system using animal studies. We identified multiple factors that influence the measurement of BDNF in serum and plasma and based on current evidence, we recommend assessing serum BDNF levels to quantify peripheral BDNF as they are more stable and sensitive to changes than plasma BDNF. CONCLUSION Although mechanistic studies clearly explain the role of BDNF, results from human studies are inconsistent. More studies are needed to evaluate the methodological challenges in using serum BDNF as a biomarker in NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Thakkar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Edmund O Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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15
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Age-Related Changes in Neurons and Satellite Glial Cells in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032677. [PMID: 36769006 PMCID: PMC9916822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of aging on the nervous system are well documented. However, most previous studies on this topic were performed on the central nervous system. The present study was carried out on the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of mice, and focused on age-related changes in DRG neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs). Intracellular electrodes were used for dye injection to examine the gap junction-mediated coupling between neurons and SGCs, and for intracellular electrical recordings from the neurons. Tactile sensitivity was assessed with von Frey hairs. We found that 3-23% of DRG neurons were dye-coupled to SGCs surrounding neighboring neurons in 8-24-month (Mo)-old mice, whereas in young adult (3 Mo) mice, the figure was 0%. The threshold current for firing an action potential in sensory neurons was significantly lower in DRGs from 12 Mo mice compared with those from 3 Mo mice. The percentage of neurons with spontaneous subthreshold membrane potential oscillation was greater by two-fold in 12 Mo mice. The withdrawal threshold was lower by 22% in 12 Mo mice compared with 3 Mo ones. These results show that in the aged mice, a proportion of DRG neurons is coupled to SGCs, and that the membrane excitability of the DRG neurons increases with age. We propose that augmented neuron-SGC communications via gap junctions are caused by low-grade inflammation associated with aging, and this may contribute to pain behavior.
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16
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Petroianu GA, Aloum L, Adem A. Neuropathic pain: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1072629. [PMID: 36727110 PMCID: PMC9884983 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiopathology and neurotransmission of pain are of an owe inspiring complexity. Our ability to satisfactorily suppress neuropathic or other forms of chronic pain is limited. The number of pharmacodynamically distinct and clinically available medications is low and the successes achieved modest. Pain Medicine practitioners are confronted with the ethical dichotomy imposed by Hippocrates: On one hand the mandate of primum non nocere, on the other hand, the promise of heavenly joys if successful divinum est opus sedare dolorem. We briefly summarize the concepts associated with nociceptive pain from nociceptive input (afferents from periphery), modulatory output [descending noradrenergic (NE) and serotoninergic (5-HT) fibers] to local control. The local control is comprised of the "inflammatory soup" at the site of pain origin and synaptic relay stations, with an ATP-rich environment promoting inflammation and nociception while an adenosine-rich environment having the opposite effect. Subsequently, we address the transition from nociceptor pain to neuropathic pain (independent of nociceptor activation) and the process of sensitization and pain chronification (transient pain progressing into persistent pain). Having sketched a model of pain perception and processing we attempt to identify the sites and modes of action of clinically available drugs used in chronic pain treatment, focusing on adjuvant (co-analgesic) medication.
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17
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Gotoh M, Miyamoto Y, Ikeshima-Kataoka H. Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021599. [PMID: 36675113 PMCID: PMC9865248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both astrocytic and microglial functions have been extensively investigated in healthy subjects and neurodegenerative diseases. For astrocytes, not only various sub-types were identified but phagocytic activity was also clarified recently and is making dramatic progress. In this review paper, we mostly focus on the functional role of astrocytes in the extracellular matrix and on interactions between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia in normal states and in neurodegenerative diseases, because the authors feel it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms among activated glial cells in the pathology of neurological diseases in order to pave the way for drug discovery. Finally, we will review cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that induces a variety of biological activities in the brain both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that cPA may serve as a novel therapeutic molecule for the treatment of brain injury and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeshima-Kataoka
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zhang K, Li P, Jia Y, Liu M, Jiang J. Concise review: Current understanding of extracellular vesicles to treat neuropathic pain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1131536. [PMID: 36936505 PMCID: PMC10020214 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1131536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes are vesicular vesicles with phospholipid bilayer implicated in many cellular interactions and have the ability to transfer multiple types of cargo to cells. It has been found that EVs can package various molecules including proteins and nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNA). The discovery of EVs as carriers of proteins and various forms of RNA, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), has raised great interest in the field of drug delivery. Despite the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain being unclear, it has been shown that uncontrolled glial cell activation and the neuroinflammation response to noxious stimulation are important in the emergence and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Many studies have demonstrated a role for noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and EVs may offer possibilities as carriers of noncoding RNAs for potential in neuropathic pain treatment. In this article, the origins and clinical application of EVs and the mechanism of neuropathic pain development are briefly introduced. Furthermore, we demonstrate the therapeutic roles of EVs in neuropathic pain and that this involve vesicular regulation of glial cell activation and neuroinflammation.
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19
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Pottorf TS, Rotterman TM, McCallum WM, Haley-Johnson ZA, Alvarez FJ. The Role of Microglia in Neuroinflammation of the Spinal Cord after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132083. [PMID: 35805167 PMCID: PMC9265514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries induce a pronounced immune reaction within the spinal cord, largely governed by microglia activation in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The mechanisms of activation and response of microglia are diverse depending on the location within the spinal cord, type, severity, and proximity of injury, as well as the age and species of the organism. Thanks to recent advancements in neuro-immune research techniques, such as single-cell transcriptomics, novel genetic mouse models, and live imaging, a vast amount of literature has come to light regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation and alluding to the function of microgliosis around injured motoneurons and sensory afferents. Herein, we provide a comparative analysis of the dorsal and ventral horns in relation to mechanisms of microglia activation (CSF1, DAP12, CCR2, Fractalkine signaling, Toll-like receptors, and purinergic signaling), and functionality in neuroprotection, degeneration, regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and spinal circuit reorganization following peripheral nerve injury. This review aims to shed new light on unsettled controversies regarding the diversity of spinal microglial-neuronal interactions following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana S. Pottorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
| | - Travis M. Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA;
| | - William M. McCallum
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
| | - Zoë A. Haley-Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
| | - Francisco J. Alvarez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.S.P.); (W.M.M.); (Z.A.H.-J.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Castro JCD, Wang D, Chien GCC. Regenerative medicine for neuropathic pain: physiology, ultrasound and therapies with a focus on alpha-2-macroglobulin. Pain Manag 2022; 12:779-793. [PMID: 35762220 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available drugs to treat neuropathic pain do not provide adequate pain management. As such, other treatments including stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and plasma-derived molecules such as alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) are being explored because they show promising potential for neuropathic pain. The various mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects could be a desirable approach in targeting neuropathic pain. This review indicates that A2M can be highly efficacious due to its conformational change during activation and specificity of action on various cytokines. Its ability to reduce neuropathic pain can further the future of neuropathic intervention. However, there is a lack of robust clinical studies and thus further research is needed to verify and expand the understanding of its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeimylo C de Castro
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Medical City-South Luzon, Santa Rosa, Laguna, 4026, Philippines.,SMARTMD Center for Non-Surgical Pain Interventions, Makati, 1224, Philippines
| | - Daniel Wang
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - George C Chang Chien
- Pain Management, Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, CA 93003, USA.,GCC Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Irvine, CA 92606, USA
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21
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Sexual dimorphic impacts of systemic vincristine on lower urinary tract function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5113. [PMID: 35332157 PMCID: PMC8948262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is one of the most common chemotherapy agents used in pediatric oncology. Despite the well-known VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy, potential impacts of VCR on lower urinary tract (LUT) function remain poorly defined. We investigated the effects of systemic VCR exposure in childhood on LUT function by using juvenile mice treated with VCR (4 mg/kg) or saline and evaluated at 5 weeks later. VCR induced a decreased urinary frequency with increased functional bladder capacity and non-void contractions. There were no changes in detrusor contractility between the groups. VCR exposure caused sexual dimorphic changes; in females, increased intravesical pressure at micturition and downregulations of a major player in bladder afferent firing, Htr3b, in the bladders, and Cav1.2 in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (Ls-DRG), while male mice displayed increases in bladder compliance and detrusor activity, upregulations of IL-2, Trpa1 and Itga1 in the bladders and neuroinflammation-related genes, P2×4, P2×7, IL-2 and CD68 in the Ls-DRG. These results suggest that that systemic VCR exposure caused sensory neuropathy via sex-dimorphic mechanisms, leading to altered LUT function. These changes might clinically present as gender-specific signs or symptoms of LUT dysfunction, and follow-up urological assessment may be of benefit for pediatric cancer patients treated with VCR.
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22
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Abstract
Inflammatory pain is the perception of noxious stimuli that occurs during inflammation or an immune response. Glial cells are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems, supporting and guiding the migration of neurons, participating in the immune response, forming the myelin sheath and blood-brain barrier, and maintaining the concentration of potassium ions outside nerve cells. Recent studies have shown that glial cells have a significant connection with the production and development of inflammatory pain. This article reviews the relationship, mechanisms, therapeutic targets between five types of glial cells and inflammatory pain, and the medicine composition that can effectively inhibit inflammatory pain. It expands the study on the mechanism of glial cells regulating pain and provides new ideas for the therapy of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
- The Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao 334000, P.R. China
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23
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Palombi F, De Cesaris P, Parrington J, Riccioli A, Filippini A. RELEVANCE OF LYSOSOMAL Ca2+ SIGNALLING MACHINERY IN CANCER. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Wang Y, Ma MT, Wang J, Han CZY, Li K, Ru QM, Li N, Liu X, Wang R. Peripheral Administration of an Opioid Peptide Analog Ameliorates Morphine-Produced Hyperalgesia in a Spared Nerve Injury Model. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Leduc-Pessah H, Trang T. Tackling the opioid crisis: Novel mechanisms and clinical perspectives. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:5-9. [PMID: 34672010 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Leduc-Pessah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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26
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Boakye PA, Tang SJ, Smith PA. Mediators of Neuropathic Pain; Focus on Spinal Microglia, CSF-1, BDNF, CCL21, TNF-α, Wnt Ligands, and Interleukin 1β. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:698157. [PMID: 35295524 PMCID: PMC8915739 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.698157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and epithelial cells are activated leading to the generation of an "inflammatory soup" containing cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. These primary mediators sensitize sensory nerve endings, attract macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function in primary afferent neurons. This leads to increased excitability and spontaneous activity and the generation of secondary mediators including colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), chemokine C-C motif ligand 21 (CCL-21), Wnt3a, and Wnt5a. Release of these mediators from primary afferent neurons alters the properties of spinal microglial cells causing them to release tertiary mediators, in many situations via ATP-dependent mechanisms. Tertiary mediators such as BDNF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and other Wnt ligands facilitate the generation and transmission of nociceptive information by increasing excitatory glutamatergic transmission and attenuating inhibitory GABA and glycinergic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. This review focusses on activation of microglia by secondary mediators, release of tertiary mediators from microglia and a description of their actions in the spinal dorsal horn. Attention is drawn to the substantial differences in the precise roles of various mediators in males compared to females. At least 25 different mediators have been identified but the similarity of their actions at sensory nerve endings, in the dorsal root ganglia and in the spinal cord means there is considerable redundancy in the available mechanisms. Despite this, behavioral studies show that interruption of the actions of any single mediator can relieve signs of pain in experimental animals. We draw attention this paradox. It is difficult to explain how inactivation of one mediator can relieve pain when so many parallel pathways are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Boakye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Macrophage as a Peripheral Pain Regulator. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081881. [PMID: 34440650 PMCID: PMC8392675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroimmune crosstalk is involved in somatic and visceral pathological pain including inflammatory and neuropathic components. Apart from microglia essential for spinal and supraspinal pain processing, the interaction of bone marrow-derived infiltrating macrophages and/or tissue-resident macrophages with the primary afferent neurons regulates pain signals in the peripheral tissue. Recent studies have uncovered previously unknown characteristics of tissue-resident macrophages, such as their origins and association with regulation of pain signals. Peripheral nerve macrophages and intestinal resident macrophages, in addition to adult monocyte-derived infiltrating macrophages, secrete a variety of mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, high mobility group box 1 and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), that regulate the excitability of the primary afferents. Neuron-derived mediators including neuropeptides, ATP and macrophage-colony stimulating factor regulate the activity or polarization of diverse macrophages. Thus, macrophages have multitasks in homeostatic conditions and participate in somatic and visceral pathological pain by interacting with neurons.
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