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Malka R, Isaac A, Gonzales G, Miar S, Walters B, Baker A, Guda T, Dion GR. Changes in vocal fold gene expression and histology after injection augmentation in a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury model. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:196-202. [PMID: 37846168 PMCID: PMC10838396 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in neuroregenerative pathways with vocal fold denervation in response to vocal fold augmentation. METHODS Eighteen Yorkshire crossbreed swine underwent left recurrent laryngeal nerve transection, followed by observation or augmentation with carboxymethylcellulose or calcium hydroxyapatite at two weeks. Polymerase chain reaction expression of genes regulating muscle growth (MyoD1, MyoG and FoxO1) and atrophy (FBXO32) were analysed at 4 and 12 weeks post-injection. Thyroarytenoid neuromuscular junction density was quantified using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Denervated vocal folds demonstrated reduced expression of MyoD1, MyoG, FoxO1 and FBXO32, but overexpression after augmentation. Healthy vocal folds showed increased early and late MyoD1, MyoG, FoxO1 and FBXO32 expression in all animals. Neuromuscular junction density had a slower decline in augmented compared to untreated denervated vocal folds, and was significantly reduced in healthy vocal folds contralateral to augmentation. CONCLUSION Injection augmentation may slow neuromuscular degeneration pathways in denervated vocal folds and reduce compensatory remodelling in contralateral healthy vocal folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Malka
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alisa Isaac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gabriela Gonzales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Solaleh Miar
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Walters
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amelia Baker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gregory R Dion
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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De Koninck Y, Alonso J, Bancelin S, Béïque JC, Bélanger E, Bouchard C, Canossa M, Chaniot J, Choquet D, Crochetière MÈ, Cui N, Danglot L, De Koninck P, Devor A, Ducros M, Getz AM, Haouat M, Hernández IC, Jowett N, Keramidis I, Larivière-Loiselle C, Lavoie-Cardinal F, MacGillavry HD, Malkoç A, Mancinelli M, Marquet P, Minderler S, Moreaud M, Nägerl UV, Papanikolopoulou K, Paquet ME, Pavesi L, Perrais D, Sansonetti R, Thunemann M, Vignoli B, Yau J, Zaccaria C. Understanding the nervous system: lessons from Frontiers in Neurophotonics. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:014415. [PMID: 38545127 PMCID: PMC10972537 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The Frontiers in Neurophotonics Symposium is a biennial event that brings together neurobiologists and physicists/engineers who share interest in the development of leading-edge photonics-based approaches to understand and manipulate the nervous system, from its individual molecular components to complex networks in the intact brain. In this Community paper, we highlight several topics that have been featured at the symposium that took place in October 2022 in Québec City, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanna Alonso
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre of Neural Dynamics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Bélanger
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Département de physique, de génie physique et d’optique, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Bouchard
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Institute Intelligence and Data, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Canossa
- University of Trento, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Trento, Italy
| | - Johan Chaniot
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Nanke Cui
- Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Paul De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mathieu Ducros
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Angela M. Getz
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamed Haouat
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Iván Coto Hernández
- Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nate Jowett
- Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Céline Larivière-Loiselle
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Département de physique, de génie physique et d’optique, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Flavie Lavoie-Cardinal
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Institute Intelligence and Data, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Harold D. MacGillavry
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Asiye Malkoç
- University of Trento, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Trento, Italy
- University of Trento, Department of Physics, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Pierre Marquet
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Laval University, Centre d’optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven Minderler
- Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maxime Moreaud
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Solaize, France
| | - U. Valentin Nägerl
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bordeaux, France
| | - Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Lorenzo Pavesi
- University of Trento, Department of Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - David Perrais
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Martin Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Beatrice Vignoli
- University of Trento, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, Trento, Italy
- University of Trento, Department of Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Jenny Yau
- Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Clara Zaccaria
- University of Trento, Department of Physics, Trento, Italy
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Abstract
Traditional histopathologic evaluation of peripheral nerve employs brightfield microscopy with diffraction limited resolution of ~ 250 nm. Though electron microscopy yields nanoscale resolution of the nervous system, sample preparation is costly and the technique is incompatible with living samples. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprises a set of imaging techniques that permit nanoscale resolution of fluorescent objects using visible light. The advent of SRM has transformed biomedical science in establishing non-toxic means for investigation of nanoscale cellular structures. Herein, sciatic nerve sections from GFP-variant expressing mice, and regenerating human nerve from cross-facial autografts labelled with a myelin-specific fluorescent dye were imaged by super-resolution radial fluctuation microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and structured illumination microscopy. Super-resolution imaging of axial cryosections of murine sciatic nerves yielded robust visualization myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Super-resolution imaging of axial cryosections of human cross-facial nerve grafts demonstrated enhanced resolution of small-caliber thinly-myelinated regenerating motor axons. Resolution and contrast enhancement afforded by super-resolution imaging techniques enables visualization of unmyelinated axons, regenerating axons, cytoskeleton ultrastructure, and neuronal appendages of mammalian peripheral nerves using light microscopes.
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Rishøj L, Hernández IC, Ramachandran S, Jowett N. Multiphoton microscopy for label-free multicolor imaging of peripheral nerve. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-210327GRR. [PMID: 35568795 PMCID: PMC9109936 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.5.056501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Means for quantitation of myelinated fibers in peripheral nerve may guide diagnosis and clinical decision making in management of peripheral nerve disorders. Multiphoton microscopy techniques such as the third-harmonic generation enable label-free in vivo imaging of peripheral nerves. AIM Develop a multiphoton microscope based on a custom high-power infrared fiber laser for label-free imaging of peripheral nerve. APPROACH A cost-effective multiphoton microscope employing a single fiber laser source at 1300 nm was designed and used for stain-free multicolor imaging of murine and human peripheral nerve. RESULTS Second-harmonic generation signal from collagen centered about 650-nm delineated neural connective tissue, whereas third-harmonic general signal centered about 433-nm delineated myelin and other lipids. In sciatic nerve from transgenic reporter mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein within peripheral neurons, three-photon-excitation with emission peak at 527-nm delineated axoplasm. The signal obtained from unlabeled axially sectioned samples was adequate for segmentation of myelinated fibers using commercial image processing software. In unlabeled whole mount specimens, imaging depths over 100-μm were achieved. CONCLUSIONS A multiphoton microscope powered by a fiber laser enables stain-free histomorphometry of mammalian peripheral nerve. The simplicity of the microscope design carries potential for clinical translation to inform decision making in peripheral nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rishøj
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Fotonik, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Iván Coto Hernández
- Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Boston, United States
| | - Siddharth Ramachandran
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nate Jowett
- Mass Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Boston, United States
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5
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Hernández IC, Mohan S, Jowett N. Automated Stain-Free Histomorphometry of Peripheral Nerve by Contrast-Enhancing Techniques and Artificial Intelligence. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 375:109598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Nerve and Tendon Transfers After Spinal Cord Injuries in the Pediatric Population. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2020; 31:455-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mohan S, Coto Hernández I, Selig MK, Shibata S, Jowett N. Stain-Free Resolution of Unmyelinated Axons in Transgenic Mice Using Fluorescence Microscopy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:1178-1180. [PMID: 31642916 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though unmyelinated fibers predominate axon counts within peripheral nerves, they are frequently excluded in histomorphometric assessment as they cannot be readily resolved by light microscopy. Herein, we demonstrate stain-free resolution of unmyelinated axons in Sox10-Venus mice by widefield fluorescence imaging of sciatic nerve cryosections. Optional staining of cryosections using a rapid and nontoxic myelin-specific dye (FluoroMyelin Red) enables robust synchronous resolution of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, comprising a high-throughput platform for neural histomorphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mohan
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
| | - Iván Coto Hernández
- Diagnostic Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin K Selig
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
| | - Nate Jowett
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School
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8
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Coto Hernández I, Yang W, Mohan S, Jowett N. Label-free histomorphometry of peripheral nerve by stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:137-142. [PMID: 32304246 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional processing of nerve for histomorphometry is resource-intensive, precluding use in intraoperative assessment of nerve quality during nerve transfer procedures. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label-free technique that enables rapid and high-resolution histology. METHODS Segments of healthy murine sciatic nerve, healthy human obturator nerve, and human cross-facial nerve autografts were imaged on a custom SRS microscope. Myelinated axon quantification was performed through segmentation using a random forest machine learning algorithm in commercial software. RESULTS High contrast, high-resolution imaging of nerve morphology was obtained with SRS imaging. Automated myelinated axon quantification from cross-sections of healthy human nerve imaged using SRS was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrate the use of a label-free technique for rapid imaging of murine and human peripheral nerve cryosections. We illustrate the potential of this technique to inform intraoperative decision-making through rapid automated quantification of myelinated axons using a machine learning algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Coto Hernández
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suresh Mohan
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nate Jowett
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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A Rapid Protocol for Intraoperative Assessment of Peripheral Nerve Myelinated Axon Count and Its Application to Cross-Facial Nerve Grafting: Correction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:1341. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Engelmann S, Ruewe M, Geis S, Taeger CD, Kehrer M, Tamm ER, Bleys RLAW, Zeman F, Prantl L, Kehrer A. Author Correction: Rapid and Precise Semi-Automatic Axon Quantification in Human Peripheral Nerves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6865. [PMID: 32300183 PMCID: PMC7162972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Malka R, Guarin DL, Mohan S, Hernández IC, Gorelik P, Mazor O, Hadlock T, Jowett N. Implantable wireless device for study of entrapment neuropathy. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 329:108461. [PMID: 31626845 PMCID: PMC7325518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease processes causing increased neural compartment pressure may induce transient or permanent neural dysfunction. Surgical decompression can prevent and reverse such nerve damage. Owing to insufficient evidence from controlled studies, the efficacy and optimal timing of decompression surgery remains poorly characterized for several entrapment syndromes. NEW METHOD We describe the design, manufacture, and validation of a device for study of entrapment neuropathy in a small animal model. This device applies graded extrinsic pressure to a peripheral nerve and wirelessly transmits applied pressure levels in real-time. We implanted the device in rats applying low (under 100 mmHg), intermediate (200-300 mmHg) and high (above 300 mmHg) pressures to induce entrapment neuropathy of the facial nerve to mimic Bell's palsy. Facial nerve function was quantitatively assessed by tracking whisker displacements before, during, and after compression. RESULTS At low pressure, no functional loss was observed. At intermediate pressure, partial functional loss developed with return of normal function several days after decompression. High pressure demonstrated complete functional loss with incomplete recovery following decompression. Histology demonstrated uninjured, Sunderland grade III, and Sunderland grade V injury in nerves exposed to low, medium, and high pressure, respectively. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Existing animal models of entrapment neuropathy are limited by inability to measure and titrate applied pressure over time. CONCLUSIONS Described is a miniaturized, wireless, fully implantable device for study of entrapment neuropathy in a murine model, which may be broadly employed to induce various degrees of neural dysfunction and functional recovery in live animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Malka
- Health Science and Technology Division, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA; Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diego L Guarin
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh Mohan
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iván Coto Hernández
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavel Gorelik
- Research Instrumentation Core, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Mazor
- Research Instrumentation Core, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa Hadlock
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nate Jowett
- Surgical Photonics and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Khalifeh JM, Dibble CF, Van Voorhis A, Doering M, Boyer MI, Mahan MA, Wilson TJ, Midha R, Yang LJS, Ray WZ. Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 1: Systematic review of the literature. J Neurosurg Spine 2019; 31:629-640. [PMID: 31299644 DOI: 10.3171/2019.4.spine19173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI)/tetraplegia consistently rank restoring arm and hand function as their top functional priority to improve quality of life. Motor nerve transfers traditionally used to treat peripheral nerve injuries are increasingly being used to treat patients with cervical SCIs. In this study, the authors performed a systematic review summarizing the published literature on nerve transfers to restore upper-extremity function in tetraplegia. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE 1946-, Embase 1947-, Scopus 1960-, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and clinicaltrials.gov to identify relevant literature published through January 2019. The authors included studies that provided original patient-level data and extracted information on clinical characteristics, operative details, and strength outcomes after nerve transfer procedures. Critical review and synthesis of the articles were performed. RESULTS Twenty-two unique studies, reporting on 158 nerve transfers in 118 upper limbs of 92 patients (87 males, 94.6%) were included in the systematic review. The mean duration from SCI to nerve transfer surgery was 18.7 months (range 4 months-13 years) and mean postoperative follow-up duration was 19.5 months (range 1 month-4 years). The main goals of reinnervation were the restoration of thumb and finger flexion, elbow extension, and wrist and finger extension. Significant heterogeneity in transfer strategy and postoperative outcomes were noted among the reports. All but one case report demonstrated recovery of at least Medical Research Council grade 3/5 strength in recipient muscle groups; however, there was greater variation in the results of larger case series. The best, most consistent outcomes were demonstrated for restoration of wrist/finger extension and elbow extension. CONCLUSIONS Motor nerve transfers are a promising treatment option to restore upper-extremity function after SCI. Flexor reinnervation strategies show variable treatment effect sizes; however, extensor reinnervation may provide more consistent, meaningful recovery. Despite numerous published case reports describing good patient outcomes with nerve transfers, there remains a paucity in the literature regarding optimal timing and long-term clinical outcomes with these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Van Voorhis
- 2Milliken Hand Rehabilitation Center, Program in Occupational Therapy
| | | | - Martin I Boyer
- 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark A Mahan
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas J Wilson
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Rajiv Midha
- 7Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Lynda J S Yang
- 8Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Stahl BA, Peuß R, McDole B, Kenzior A, Jaggard JB, Gaudenz K, Krishnan J, McGaugh SE, Duboue ER, Keene AC, Rohner N. Stable transgenesis in Astyanax mexicanus using the Tol2 transposase system. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:679-687. [PMID: 30938001 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astyanax mexicanus is a well-established fish model system for evolutionary and developmental biology research. These fish exist as surface forms that inhabit rivers and 30 different populations of cavefish. Despite important progress in the deployment of new technologies, deep mechanistic insights into the genetic basis of evolution, development, and behavior have been limited by a lack of transgenic lines commonly used in genetic model systems. RESULTS Here, we expand the toolkit of transgenesis by characterizing two novel stable transgenic lines that were generated using the highly efficient Tol2 system, commonly used to generate transgenic zebrafish. A stable transgenic line consisting of the zebrafish ubiquitin promoter expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein ubiquitously throughout development in a surface population of Astyanax. To define specific cell-types, a Cntnap2-mCherry construct labels lateral line mechanosensory neurons in zebrafish. Strikingly, both constructs appear to label the predicted cell types, suggesting many genetic tools and defined promoter regions in zebrafish are directly transferrable to cavefish. CONCLUSION The lines provide proof-of-principle for the application of Tol2 transgenic technology in A. mexicanus. Expansion on these initial transgenic lines will provide a platform to address broadly important problems in the quest to bridge the genotype-phenotype gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Stahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida.,Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Florida
| | - Robert Peuß
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Brittnee McDole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida.,Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Florida
| | | | - James B Jaggard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida.,Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Florida
| | - Karin Gaudenz
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Erik R Duboue
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Florida.,Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida.,Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Florida
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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