1
|
Rogers AD, Cartotto R. Dear Program Directors: There Are Numerous Entrustable Professional Activities on a Burns Rotation! Plast Surg (Oakv) 2024; 32:490-498. [PMID: 39104929 PMCID: PMC11298140 DOI: 10.1177/22925503221134816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Burn care has long been an integral part of the scope of plastic surgery, but the time allocated to exposure for plastic surgery residents is under threat due to the range of sub-specialities competing for their time. As part of the Competence by Design approach to plastic surgical training, residents are provided with a list of 52 "Entrustable professional activities' (EPA's) to ensure that core skills and knowledge are acquired. Methods: This survey, distributed via email using a link to Survey MonkeyTM, sought to determine which EPA's were available for completion by plastic surgeons in training during the burn rotation at a major academic burn centre in Canada. Via investigator consensus, 26 of the 52 EPA's were included for assessment; the remaining 26 were not regarded as relevant to the burn centre rotation and therefore better acquired elsewhere. Results: Thirty two residents who underwent a burn rotation between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021 completed the anonymous survey. Seventeen of the 26 EPA's evaluated were judged by more than 75% of respondents as being readily amenable to completion during the burn rotation. Most of these EPA's relate to the comprehensive care of patients with acute burn injuries, the management of an in-patient plastic surgery service, and associated quality improvement processes. Residents who completed rotations less than three months in duration had less opportunity to complete a further 8 EPA's in comparison to those who had longer rotations, especially with respect to the care of patients undergoing complex wound care and burn reconstruction. Conclusions: In addition to threatening seamless service delivery at burn centres, reduced resident exposure to the burn rotation may compromise the delivery of burn care in the community. The results of this survey refute any argument that the burn service is a "low yield" rotation from an EPA acquisition perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Rogers
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Cartotto
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Imms K, Anika M, Al-Shaikhli SA, Ali M, Montesino B, Khan S, Akhouri S, Toonkel RL. Examining the Role of Gender and Ethnic Concordance in Medical Student Specialty Selection. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2024; 34:847-855. [PMID: 39099862 PMCID: PMC11296992 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-024-02044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Representation of female and minority physicians varies across specialties and may influence career selection by medical students. To investigate the effect of demographic concordance between medical students and clinical role models on specialty selection, we conducted a survey of graduating medical students to assess the perceived importance and influence of third-year clerkship experiences with demographically concordant preceptors on their choice of specialty for post-graduate training. Methods An 11-question survey was shared nationally through AAMC Organizational Student Representatives to medical students in the Class of 2023. Information gathered included demographics; specialty of choice; extent of exposure to preceptors of the same gender, race, or ethnicity during clinical clerkships; and perceived importance and influence of those interactions (Likert 1-5, Low-High) on specialty selection. Results A total of 84 students responded. Female students ascribed more importance to gender concordance with preceptors on the third-year clerkship most associated with their specialty of choice than males [3.4 (SD 1.2) vs. 1.3 (SD 0.8) respectively, p < 0.0001] and greater influence to gender concordance on final specialty selection [2.37 (SD 1.1) vs. 1.31 (SD 0.8) respectively, p < 0.0001]. Non-Caucasians ascribed more importance to race/ethnicity concordance than Caucasians [2.8 (SD 1.4) vs. 1.2 (SD 0.5) respectively, p < 0.0001] and greater influence to race/ethnicity concordance on final specialty selection [2.0 (SD 1.3) vs. 1.1 (SD 0.4) respectively, p < 0.0001]. Caucasian females ascribed the greatest importance to gender concordance (p < 0.001), non-Caucasian females ascribed the greatest influence of gender concordance (p < 0.001), and non-Caucasian females ascribed both the greatest importance (p < 0.001) and influence (p < 0.001) to race/ethnicity concordance. Conclusions We found that gender and race/ethnicity concordance between students and clinical preceptors during third year clerkships is perceived as especially important and influential in specialty selection by minority and female medical students. These findings highlight the importance of diversity in gender and race/ethnicity representation by preceptors on clinical clerkships. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-024-02044-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Imms
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Maisha Anika
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Seema Azim Al-Shaikhli
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Maryam Ali
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Brittany Montesino
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Samara Khan
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Shweta Akhouri
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Toonkel
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St AHC2, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yau A, Lentskevich MA, Reddy NK, Gutowski KS, Yau I, Gosain AK. Students Matriculating into Integrated Plastic Surgery: Are all Medical Schools Equal? J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:1417-1421. [PMID: 38830040 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Becoming a craniofacial/pediatric plastic surgeon depends on completing a plastic surgery (PS) residency. As medical school curricula for PS exposure are highly inconsistent, the authors investigated whether there was an association between the presence of PS elective rotations and/or home programs in medical schools with the proportion of students matriculating into integrated PS residency. METHODS A list of 198 medical schools was compiled from the Association for American Medical Colleges and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine. Plastic surgery residency programs were identified by the American Society of Plastic Surgery and the American Council of Educators in Plastic Surgery. Plastic surgery elective rotation offerings and recent matches (2021-2022) were obtained from school websites. Mean proportions of students matriculating into PS between schools that did versus did not have PS elective rotations and/or home PS residency programs were compared. RESULTS One hundred fifty-nine medical schools were included. Seventy-seven of 159 (48%) had both PS elective rotations and home program(s), 63/159 (40%) offered PS elective rotations only, and 19/159 (12%) had neither. The mean proportions of students matriculating differed significantly ( P <0.001) among schools without PS electives or a home program [0.09%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.04% to 0.21%), PS elective only (0.51%, 95% CI: 0.25%-0.77%), and both PS elective and home program(s) (1.14%, 95% CI: 0.92%-1.37%). CONCLUSION The presence of elective PS rotations and a home PS residency program significantly increase the chances of matriculation into integrated PS residency programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Yau
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Marina A Lentskevich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Narainsai K Reddy
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Engineering Medicine (EnMed), Houston
| | - Kristof S Gutowski
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Irene Yau
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX
| | - Arun K Gosain
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Friedman R, Shen AH, Kim E, Taskindoust M, Boustany AN, Singhal D, Lin SJ, Lee BT. Development of "Explore Plastic Surgery": An Educational Program for Medical Students Without Home Residency Programs. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:608-613. [PMID: 38725106 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students who attend institutions without plastic surgery residency programs are at a disadvantage in the plastic surgery match. We developed an educational program for medical students without home programs called Explore Plastic Surgery to provide an overview of the steps toward a career in plastic surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact, utility, and success of the novel program. METHODS Pre- and postevent surveys were distributed to participants. Survey data were analyzed including participant demographics, perceptions of barriers unique to those without home programs, and the overall event utility. RESULTS Two hundred seventeen students registered for the program. Ninety-five participants completed the pre-event survey (44%), and of those, 57 participants completed the post-event survey (60%). There was an increase in understanding of the steps toward a career in plastic surgery ( P < 0.001), confidence in overcoming barriers ( P = 0.005), and level of comfort in reaching out to faculty for opportunities ( P = 0.01). There was a decrease in the perceived negative impact that attending medical schools without a home program will have on their abilities to pursue careers in plastic surgery ( P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS After the event, participants demonstrated an increase in their confidence in overcoming barriers and a decrease in their perceptions that attending an institution without a home program would negatively impact their ability to pursue plastic surgery. Initiatives focused on early exposure and recruitment of medical students may be important to promote accessibility and diversity within plastic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Friedman
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Abra H Shen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin Kim
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mahsa Taskindoust
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Ashley N Boustany
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dhruv Singhal
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bernard T Lee
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sergesketter AR, Butler PD, Gosman AA, Leis A, Baynosa RC, Momeni A, Greives MR, Sears ED, Park JE, Butterworth JA, Janis JE, Rezak K, Patel A. Defining the Incidence of the Impostor Phenomenon in Academic Plastic Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Survey Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:1022e-1031e. [PMID: 37307036 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impostor phenomenon occurs when high-achieving individuals have persistent self-doubt despite objective measures of competence and success, and has been associated with professional burnout and attenuated career advancement in medical specialties. This study aimed to define the incidence and severity of the impostor phenomenon in academic plastic surgery. METHODS A cross-sectional survey containing the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (range, 0 to 100; higher scores indicate greater severity of impostor phenomenon) was distributed to residents and faculty from 12 academic plastic surgery institutions across the United States. Generalized linear regression was used to assess demographic and academic predictors of impostor scores. RESULTS From a total of 136 resident and faculty respondents (response rate, 37.5%), the mean impostor score was 64 (SD 14), indicating frequent impostor phenomenon characteristics. On univariate analysis, mean impostor scores varied by gender (67.3 for women versus 62.0 for men; P = 0.03) and academic position (66.5 for residents versus 61.6 for attendings; P = 0.03), but did not vary by race or ethnicity; postgraduate year of training among residents; or academic rank, years in practice, or fellowship training among faculty (all P > 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, female gender was the only factor associated with higher impostor scores among plastic surgery residents and faculty (estimate 2.3; 95% CI, 0.03 to 4.6; P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of the impostor phenomenon may be high among residents and faculty in academic plastic surgery. Impostor characteristics appear to be tied more to intrinsic characteristics, including gender, rather than years in residency or practice. Further research is needed to understand the influence of impostor characteristics on career advancement in plastic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paris D Butler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Amanda A Gosman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
| | - Amber Leis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Richard C Baynosa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine
| | - Arash Momeni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Matthew R Greives
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Erika D Sears
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School and Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research
| | - Julie E Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | | | - Jeffrey E Janis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center
| | - Kristen Rezak
- From the Division of Plastic, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Duke University
| | - Ashit Patel
- From the Division of Plastic, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Duke University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Swanson E. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:353-366. [PMID: 38527336 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of publications on the subject of diversity, equity, and inclusion has surged in the last 5 years. However, a systematic review of this topic has not been published. METHOD Six top plastic surgery journals were queried from 2018 to 2023 using the search term "diversity." Methods, conclusions, and recommendations were tabulated. RESULTS A total of 138 publications were identified; 68 studies presented data suitable for analysis. All studies were retrospective. Currently, over 40% of plastic surgery residency applicants are women. The proportion of women in integrated plastic surgery residents is now 43%. In 2021 and 2022, the percentage of female first-year residents exceeded men. The percentage of female presenters at meetings (34%) is double the number in the workforce (17%). Twenty-five percent of academic faculty positions and 22% of program director positions are now held by women. Underrepresented minorities account for fewer than 10% of applicants to integrated plastic surgery residencies. DISCUSSION The proportion of Black and Hispanic applicants to integrated plastic surgery residencies (6% and 8%, respectively) mirrors the proportion of Black and Hispanic medical students (7% and 6%, respectively). Numerous recommendations have been made to increase the proportion of underrepresented minorities in plastic surgery programs. CONCLUSIONS The representation of women in plastic surgery has increased dramatically. A lack of Hispanics and Blacks reflects a small pool of applicants, as opposed to a "leaky pipeline."
Collapse
|
7
|
Persad-Paisley EM, Uriarte SA, Kuruvilla AS, Menville JE, Baranwal N, Francalancia SC, Lou MY, Zeyl VG, Rivera Perla KM, Rao V, Kalliainen LK. Examining Racial and Gender Diversity in the Plastic Surgery Pipeline: Where is the Leak? PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5552. [PMID: 38274104 PMCID: PMC10810573 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background There is limited information about minority representation throughout the plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) pipeline. The aim of this study was to examine trends in representation among minorities at different stages of the PRS training pathway, starting with potential candidates in high school through practicing physicians. Methods The PRS pipeline was defined as high school; college; medical school applicants, matriculants, and graduates; PRS residency applicants, matriculants, and active residents; and PRS practicing physicians. Racial data for each stage were obtained from the US Census and Association of American Medical Colleges. The proportion of races at each stage were divided by their US population counterpart proportions to produce representation quotients (RQs). Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) are reported. Mann-Whitney U tests compared RQ values within identities between successive stages. Results Black students had high representation in high school (RQ = 1.26 [IQR: 1.21-1.29]) but had significant, stepwise decreases in representation in subsequent stages. A similar trend was observed for Hispanic individuals, who had their highest representation in high school (1.43 [1.37-1.50]), followed by significant decreases in RQ at nearly every subsequent stage up to and including practicing physicians (0.30 [0.28-0.31). Asian individuals were overrepresented at every stage (high school RQ: 1.01 [1.00-1.03]; practicing physician RQ: 2.30 [2.27-2.32]). White individuals were underrepresented before residency but had an RQ that approximated 1 in subsequent stages. Conclusions Racial minorities experienced decreases in representation at each successive stage in the PRS pipeline following high school. Ongoing diversity efforts should focus on premedical recruitment and professional support for minority students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah A. Uriarte
- From The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | - Annet S. Kuruvilla
- From The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | - Jesse E. Menville
- From The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | - Navya Baranwal
- From The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | | | - Mary Y. Lou
- From The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | - Victoria G. Zeyl
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | | | - Vinay Rao
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Loree K. Kalliainen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reghunathan M, Camacho JM, Blum J, Sendek G, Luong TT, Chen S, Bradford P, Llaneras J, Butler PD, Gosman AA. A SWOT Analysis of Hot Topics in Plastic Surgery Resident Education: Consensus From the ACAPS 10th Annual Winter Meeting. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5461. [PMID: 38098955 PMCID: PMC10721128 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background With the aim of facilitating a critical self-reflection on how to align plastic surgery education with making excellent plastic surgeons, a rotating small-group session followed by live interactive audience polling was used to perform a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis at the 10th Annual American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons Winter Meeting. Methods The final day of the conference included a 3-hour session of rotating small groups followed by live interactive audience polls discussing the following six relevant educational topics: the Plastic Surgery Common Application and resident selection, aesthetic surgery education, leadership development and business education, embedded fellowships and focused training, mentorship, and faculty retention. Results A total of 60 individuals participated in the activity. A SWOT analysis was successfully performed for each educational topic, and a minimum of four opportunities were identified per topic to help guide future endeavors. Examples of opportunities include releasing recommendations for the implementation of holistic review; developing formal guidelines for aesthetic surgery education in residency via collaboration between ACAPS, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and The Aesthetic Society; creating extended focused elective rotations; integrating business education into formal curricula for all training levels; enforcing transparency regarding position expectations and offerings including salary, call schedule, and current challenges; and more. Conclusion The results of this study will help guide future initiatives by the ACAPS to improve resident education and academic retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Reghunathan
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Ca
| | | | - Jessica Blum
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Gabriela Sendek
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Ca
| | - Thanh T. Luong
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Ca
| | - Shirley Chen
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Perry Bradford
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Jason Llaneras
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Ca
| | - Paris D. Butler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Amanda A. Gosman
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Ca
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang E, Diaz A, Khan ML, Blair EA, Shogan AN. Regional distribution in female representation in US otolaryngology faculty. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:832-838. [PMID: 37621283 PMCID: PMC10446270 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To quantify the current proportion of women in otolaryngology at different levels of professorship and determine whether these proportions differ by US region. Methods Academic rank and gender at all ACGME-accredited otolaryngology programs in the United States were determined from departmental websites, Doximity, and LinkedIn from November 2021 to March 2022. Individuals were then further organized using US Census Bureau-designated regions. Results Among the 2682 faculty positions at 124 ACGME-accredited programs, women held 706 (26.3%) of these positions. Female representation was highest at the assistant professorship level, with women holding 286 (37.2%) positions out of a total 769. At the associate professorship level, women held 141 (27.6%) of the 511 total positions. The largest gender disparity is seen at the full professorship level; only 69 (13.6%) positions out of 508 were held by women. Out of every region and rank, only assistant professorship in the West had no significant difference in percentages of men and women (p = .710). Female representation of professors in the Northeast was significantly lower than that of our reference group (the South; β = -10.9, p = .020). Conclusions Otolaryngology has exhibited great progress in increasing female representation, with assistant professorship in the West reaching gender parity. However, the gender gap at other faculty levels still leaves much to be desired, particularly in senior ranks. The lack of otolaryngologists at senior ranks is detrimental to mentorship of junior faculty, residents, and medical students. Renewed efforts should be made to decrease the gender disparity in the South, Northeast, and particularly at the professorship level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ashley Diaz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Maha L. Khan
- Biological Sciences DivisionUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Blair
- Department of Surgery, Section of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrea N. Shogan
- Department of Surgery, Section of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|