Size and Perception of Facial Features with Selfie Photographs, and Their Implication in Rhinoplasty and Facial Plastic Surgery

How Camera-to-Subject Distance and Height Affect Breast Measurement and Follow-Up Assessment in Plastic Surgery

BACKGROUND

Due to several factors that affect photograph quality, bias is inevitably present in two-dimensional (2D) breast photography. The principal variables affecting image performance at a fixed focus length are the distance between the camera and the subjects and the photography angles.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the effects of camera-to-subject distances and camera height on breast measurement parameters to understand the trend of breast deformation and provide guidance for the accurate evaluation of planar follow-up.

METHODS

We enlisted 16 volunteers with various breast cup sizes (A-D). Frontal and lateral photos were obtained with a steady focus of 50 mm at distances between 1.10 m and 2.20 m and at heights between 30 cm above the nipple and 30 cm below the nipple at intervals of 10 cm. Two researchers independently evaluated each volunteer's breast aesthetic parameters, including 11 linear parameters, 3 area parameters, and 3 ratio parameters, using Vernier calipers and Photoshop.

RESULTS

The correlation coefficient of the two investigators ranged from 0.922 to 0.999. The results measured by Photoshop were 29.67 ± 5.23% greater than those of the Vernier caliper (p < 0.01). In contrast to ratio parameters, which showed no significant changes in each distance group (p = 1.00), linear parameters and area parameters significantly increased as object distance decreased (p < 0.05). The lower pole of the breast grew wider and flatter and occupied a larger proportion of the breast as height declined.

CONCLUSION

Camera-to-subject distances of 1.5-1.7 m are recommended for stabilized and uniform breast photography. Varying shooting height affects breast distortion. Quantifying the relationship between photographic conditions and breast morphology enables plastic surgeons to conduct more comprehensive and accurate assessments.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. Bullet point list: 1. The breast morphology will get more distortion with a smaller camera-to-subject distance. 2. Camera-to-subject distances of 1.5~1.7m are recommended for stabilized and uniform breast photography. 3. Height rather than distance affects the breast proportion.

A quantitative analysis of Twitter ("X") trends in the discussion of rhinoplasty

Introduction

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgical procedures performed globally. Twitter, also known as "X," is used by both patients and physicians and has been studied as a useful tool for analyzing trends in healthcare. The public social media discourse of rhinoplasty has not been previously reported in the field of otolaryngology. The goal of this study was to characterize the most common user type, sentiment, and temporal trends in the discussion of rhinoplasty on Twitter to guide facial plastic surgeons in their clinical and social media practices.

Methods

A total of 1,427,015 tweets published from 2015 to 2020 containing the keywords "rhinoplasty" or "nose job" were extracted using Twitter Academic API. Tweets were standardized and filtered for spam and duplication. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and data visualization techniques were applied to characterize tweets.

Results

Significantly more "nose job" tweets (80.8%) were published compared with "rhinoplasty" (19.2%). Annual tweet frequency increased over the 5 years, with "rhinoplasty" tweets peaking in January and "nose job" tweets peaking in the summer and winter months. Most "rhinoplasty" tweets were linked to a surgeon or medical practice source, while most "nose job" tweets were from isolated laypersons. While discussion was positive in sentiment overall (M = +0.08), "nose job" tweets had lower average sentiment scores (P < .001) and over twice the proportion of negative tweets. The top 20 most prolific accounts contributed to 14,758 (10.6%) of total "rhinoplasty" tweets. Exactly 90% (18/20) of those accounts linked to non-academic surgeons compared with 10% (2/20) linked to academic surgeons.

Conclusions

Rhinoplasty-related posts on Twitter were cumulatively positive in sentiment and tweet volume is steadily increasing over time, especially during popular holiday months. The search term "nose job" yields significantly more results than "rhinoplasty," and is the preferred term of non-healthcare users. We found a large digital contribution from surgeons and medical practices, particularly in the non-academic and private practice sector, utilizing Twitter for promotional purposes.

DIGITAL DENTISTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

Over the past 50 years, digitization has gradually taken root in dentistry, starting with computer tomography in the 1970s. The most disruptive events in digital dentistry were the introduction of digital workflow and computer-aided manufacturing, which made new procedures and materials available for dental use. While the conventional lab-based workflow requires light or chemical curing under inconsistent and suboptimal conditions, computer-aided manufacturing allows for industrial-grade material, ensuring consistently high material quality. In addition, many other innovative, less disruptive, but relevant approaches have been developed in digital dentistry. These will have or already impact prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, thus impacting patients' oral health and, consequently, their oral health-related quality of life. Both software and hardware approaches attempt to maintain, restore, or optimize a patient's perceived oral health. This article outlines innovations in dentistry and their potential impact on patients' oral health-related quality of life in prevention and therapy. Furthermore, possible future developments and their potential implications are characterized.

Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Facial Aesthetic Surgery Search Interest

ABSTRACT

The global COVID-19 pandemic reshaped many components of modern health care practice. Before the pandemic, research was beginning to demonstrate the impact of self-facing cameras, selfie images, and webcams on patient interest in head and neck (H&N) aesthetic surgery. We sought to determine temporal changes in patient interest in aesthetic surgery of the H&N as compared with the rest of the body because of COVID-19, and the subsequent surge in Web-conferencing and telecommunication. The 2020 Plastic Surgery Trends Report produced by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons was used to identify the 5 most common aesthetic surgical procedures performed on the H&N and the rest of the body for 2019: blepharoplasty, face lift, rhinoplasty, neck lift, cheek implant, and breast lift, liposuction, tummy tuck, breast augmentation, and breast reduction, respectively. Google Trends filters, which provide relative search interest for greater than 85% of Internet searches, were applied to gauge interest from January 2019 to April 2022. Relative search interest and mean interest were plotted as a function of time for each term. Our findings demonstrate a sharp decline in online aesthetic surgery interest in March 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic for both the H&N and the rest of the body. Search interest increased shortly after March 2020 and reached values greater than those of the prepandemic year (2019) in 2021 for rest of the body procedures. After March 2020, there was a brief, sharp increase in search interest for rhinoplasty, neck lift, and facelift, whereas patient interest in blepharoplasty increased more gradually. There was no increase in search interest for H&N procedures as a result of COVID-19 when using the mean values of the included procedures, although current interest has returned to prepandemic levels. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a disruption of normal trends in aesthetic surgery interest, with a sharp decline in search interest in March 2020. Afterward, there was a sharp increase in rhinoplasty, face lift, neck lift, and blepharoplasty interest. Patient interest in blepharoplasty and neck lift has remained elevated compared with 2019. Interest in rest of the body procedures has returned to and even surpassed prepandemic levels.

#TheUglyTruth? A Qualitative Evaluation of Outcomes Photography on Instagram: Introducing the SEPIA Scoring System

Photographs of cosmetic treatment outcomes on social media are prone to bias and misrepresentation from nonadherence to established photographic standards. However, there is currently insufficient information regarding which norms are most-commonly violated, precluding quality improvement efforts.

Methods

A qualitative study of cosmetic treatment photographs published on Instagram was undertaken in accordance with the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies using a newly proposed Standards for the Evaluation of Photographs In Aesthetics (SEPIA) nine-point photograph scoring system and grading scale.

Results

A total of 510 posts encompassing 2020 clinical photographs published by 102 practitioner accounts on Instagram were audited for photographic quality. The average score was 4 out of 9 (medium quality), with approximately 40% of posts scoring in the low-quality range. Zoom, lighting, timing, and presentation of multiple views were the standards most-commonly disregarded. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery specialty and subspecialty (PRSS) practitioners scored higher (4.5/9 versus 3.1/9, P = 0.002) and had fewer low-quality posts (22% versus 54%, P = 0.001) than non-PRSS providers. Low-quality photographs were most often seen with rhinoplasty (30% versus 7%, P < 0.00001) and lip filler (60% versus 33%, P = 0.0001) compared with surgical and nonsurgical treatments, respectively, due to a higher incidence of immediate photographs and selfies.

Conclusions

Before and after photographs of surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic treatment outcomes on social media are frequently of substandard quality. This study outlines specific items frequently neglected in outcomes photography to assist practitioners in maximizing adherence to established standards of photography online.