Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Durán-Manuel EM, Cruz-Cruz C, Marquez-Valdelamar LM, Bravata-Alcantara JC, Cortés-Ortíz IA, Cureño-Díaz MA, Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Fernández-Sánchez V, Castro-Escarpulli G, Bello-López JM. ESKAPE bacteria characterization reveals the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks in COVID-19/VAP patients.
Am J Infect Control 2022:S0196-6553(22)00625-3. [PMID:
36002081 PMCID:
PMC9393108 DOI:
10.1016/j.ajic.2022.08.012]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
A reduction of detection of outbreaks by multidrug-resistant bacteria in critical areas has been reduced due to COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, molecular epidemiological surveillance should be a primary tool to reveal associations not evident by classical epidemiology. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the presence of hidden outbreaks in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and to associate their possible origin.
METHODS
A population of 96 COVID-19 patients was included in the study (April to June 2020) from Hospital Juárez de México. Genetic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of VAP causative agents isolated from COVID-19 patients was performed. Resistance phenotypes were confirmed by PCR. Clonal association of isolates was performed by analysis of intergenic regions obtained. Finally, the association of clonal cases of VAP patients was performed by timelines.
RESULTS
ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE bacteria were identified as causative agents of VAP. ESKAPE bacteria were classified as MDR and XDR. Only A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were identified as clonally distributed in 13 COVID-19/VAP patients. Time analysis showed that cross-transmission existed between patients and care areas.
CONCLUSIONS
Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were involved in outbreaks non-detected in COVID-19/VAP patients in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse