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Wang X, He B. Insight into endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107309. [PMID: 39009292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The endothelium is crucial in regulating vascular function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as membranous structures released by cells to facilitate intercellular communication through the delivery of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins to recipient cells in an paracrine or endocrine manner. Endothelial cell-derived EVs (EndoEVs) have been identified as both biomarkers and significant contributors to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The impact of EndoEVs on CVD is complex and contingent upon the condition of donor cells, the molecular cargo within EVs, and the characteristics of recipient cells. Consequently, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of EndoEVs is crucial for comprehending their contributions to CVD. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the composition and function of EndoEVs is imperative for their potential clinical utility. This review aims provide an up-to-date overview of EndoEVs in the context of physiology and pathophysiology, as well as to discuss their prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China.
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2
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Piro A, Cufaro MC, Lanuti P, Brocco D, De Lellis L, Florio R, Pilato S, Pagotto S, De Fabritiis S, Vespa S, Catitti G, Verginelli F, Simeone P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, Fontana A, Grassadonia A, Di Ianni M, Cama A, Veschi S. Exploring the Immunomodulatory Potential of Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles through Proteomic and Functional Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1795. [PMID: 38791876 PMCID: PMC11120044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and displays resistance to immunotherapy. A better understanding of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) effects on immune responses might contribute to improved immunotherapy. EVs derived from Capan-2 and BxPC-3 PC cells isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterized by atomic force microscopy, Western blot (WB), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and label-free proteomics. Fresh PBMCs from healthy donors were treated with PC- or control-derived heterologous EVs, followed by flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated or untreated PBMCs was performed, and the IFN-γ concentration was measured by ELISA. Notably, most of the proteins identified in Capan-2 and BxPC-3 EVs by the proteomic analysis were connected in a single functional network (p = 1 × 10-16) and were involved in the "Immune System" (FDR: 1.10 × 10-24 and 3.69 × 10-19, respectively). Interestingly, the treatment of healthy donor-derived PBMCs with Capan-2 EVs but not with BxPC-3 EVs or heterologous control EVs induced early activation of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated PBMCs was consistent with their activation by Capan-2 EVs, indicating IFN-γ among the major upstream regulators, as confirmed by ELISA. The proteomic and functional analyses indicate that PC-EVs have pleiotropic effects, and some may activate early immune responses, which might be relevant for the development of highly needed immunotherapeutic strategies in this immune-cold tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piro
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- UdA–TechLab, Research Center, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone De Fabritiis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
- UdA–TechLab, Research Center, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Odontoiatry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Santo Spirito Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.)
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3
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Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are a subset of EVs that are released from platelets, which are small nuclear cell fragments that play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. PEVs have been shown to have important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Recently, researchers, including our group have utilized PEVs as drug delivery platforms as PEVs could target inflammatory sites both passively and actively. This review summarizes the biological function of PEVs, introduces recent applications of PEVs in targeted drug delivery, and provides an outlook for the further development of utilizing PEVs for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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4
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Fan S, Poetsch A. Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020018. [PMID: 37218923 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
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5
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Johnston CD, de Menezes EGM, Bowler S, Siegler EL, Friday C, Norris PJ, Rice MC, Choi ME, Glesby MJ, Ndhlovu LC. Plasma extracellular vesicles and cell-free mitochondrial DNA are associated with cognitive dysfunction in treated older adults with HIV. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:218-224. [PMID: 36934200 PMCID: PMC10893825 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles with a role in intercellular communication. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) has been associated with cognitive dysfunction in people with HIV (PWH). We conducted a nested case-control study to test the hypothesis that plasma EVs are associated with cf-mtDNA and cognitive dysfunction in older PWH. A machine learning-based model identified total EVs, including select EV subpopulations, as well as urine cf-mtDNA and 4-meter walk time carry power to predict the neurocognitive impairment. These features resulted in an AUC-ROC of 0.845 + / - 0.109 (0.615, 1.00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D Johnston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th St, Baker Tower, F2331, NY, 10065, New York, USA.
| | - Erika G Marques de Menezes
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Scott Bowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th St, Baker Tower, F2331, NY, 10065, New York, USA
| | - Eugenia L Siegler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Courtney Friday
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th St, Baker Tower, F2331, NY, 10065, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle C Rice
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th St, Baker Tower, F2331, NY, 10065, New York, USA
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th St, Baker Tower, F2331, NY, 10065, New York, USA
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6
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CAR-T-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Development of CAR-T Anti-Tumor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041052. [PMID: 36831396 PMCID: PMC9954490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous population of plasma membrane-surrounded particles that are released in the extracellular milieu by almost all types of living cells. EVs are key players in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically, given that they deliver their cargoes (consisting of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNA fragments) to target cells, crossing biological barriers. Those mechanisms further trigger a wide range of biological responses. Interestingly, EV phenotypes and cargoes and, therefore, their functions, stem from their specific parental cells. For these reasons, EVs have been proposed as promising candidates for EV-based, cell-free therapies. One of the new frontiers of cell-based immunotherapy for the fight against refractory neoplastic diseases is represented by genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) lymphocytes, which in recent years have demonstrated their effectiveness by reaching commercialization and clinical application for some neoplastic diseases. CAR-T-derived EVs represent a recent promising development of CAR-T immunotherapy approaches. This crosscutting innovative strategy is designed to exploit the advantages of genetically engineered cell-based immunotherapy together with those of cell-free EVs, which in principle might be safer and more efficient in crossing biological and tumor-associated barriers. In this review, we underlined the potential of CAR-T-derived EVs as therapeutic agents in tumors.
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7
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Liani R, Simeone PG, Tripaldi R, D'Ardes D, Creato V, Pepe R, Lessiani G, Bologna G, Cipollone F, Marchisio M, Lanuti P, Santilli F. Kinetics of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Over the 24-Hour Dosing Interval After Low-Dose Aspirin Administration in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:1096-1106. [PMID: 36749026 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles deriving from all cell types during cell activation, involved in transcellular communication, and regarded as predictors of vascular damage and of cardiovascular events. We tested the hypothesis that, in patients on chronic low-dose aspirin treatment for cardiovascular prevention, aspirin may affect the release of EVs within the 24-hour interval. We enrolled 84 patients, mostly at high or very high cardiovascular risk, on chronic low-dose aspirin treatment. The numbers of circulating EVs (cEVs) and annexinV+ cEVs (total, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and leucocyte-derived) were assessed immediately before, and after 10 and 24 hours of a witnessed aspirin administration. Platelet cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) recovery was characterized by measuring serum thromboxane B2 (sTXB2 ) at the same timepoints. Nine healthy participants were also enrolled. In patients, daily aspirin administration acutely inhibited after 10 hours following aspirin administrations the release of cEVs (total and leukocyte-derived) and annexinV+ cEVs (total, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and leukocyte-derived), with a rapid recovery at 24 hours. The inhibition after 10 hours suggests a COX-1-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, the slope of platelet-derived and of annexinV+ platelet-derived cEVs were both directly related to sTXB2 slope and COX-1 messenger RNA, raising the hypothesis that vice versa, cEVs may affect the rate of COX-1 recovery and the subsequent duration of aspirin effect. In healthy participants, no circadian difference was observed, except for leukocyte-derived cEVs. Our findings suggest a previously unappreciated effect of aspirin on the kinetics of a subset of cEVs possibly contributing to the cardioprotective effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Giustina Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Romina Tripaldi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiano D'Ardes
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Creato
- Internal Medicine, Clinica Medica, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pepe
- Internal Medicine, Clinica Medica, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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8
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Milillo C, Falcone L, Di Carlo P, Aruffo E, Del Boccio P, Cufaro MC, Patruno A, Pesce M, Ballerini P. Ozone effect on the inflammatory and proteomic profile of human macrophages and airway epithelial cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 307:103979. [PMID: 36243292 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is one of the most harmful urban pollutants, but its biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) and human macrophage cells (differentiated human monocytic cell line) were exposed to O3 at the concentration of 240 μg/m3 (120 ppb), corresponding to the European Union alert threshold. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release (IL-8 and TNF-α) were evaluated. Results indicated that O3 exposure increases ROS production in both cell types and enhances cytokines release in macrophages. O3 stimulated IL-8 and TNF-α in HBEpC when the cells were pretreated with Lipopolysaccharide, used to mimic a pre-existing inflammatory condition. Proteomics analysis revealed that, in HBEpC, O3 caused the up-regulation of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10, a recognized critical protein in lung carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our results show that 120 ppb O3 can lead to potential damage to human health suggesting the need for a revision of the actual alert levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Milillo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Falcone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - P Di Carlo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Aruffo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M C Cufaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - P Ballerini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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9
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Serafini FL, Delli Pizzi A, Simeone P, Giammarino A, Mannetta C, Villani M, Izzi J, Buca D, Catitti G, Chiacchiaretta P, Trebeschi S, Miscia S, Caulo M, Lanuti P. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles: Their Role in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Undergoing EndoVascular Aortic Repair (EVAR). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416015. [PMID: 36555653 PMCID: PMC9782915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a frequent aortic disease. If the diameter of the aorta is larger than 5 cm, an open surgical repair (OSR) or an endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) are recommended. To prevent possible complications (i.e., endoleaks), EVAR-treated patients need to be monitored for 5 years following the intervention, using computed tomography angiography (CTA). However, this radiological method involves high radiation exposure in terms of CTA/year. In such a context, the study of peripheral-blood-circulating extracellular vesicles (pbcEVs) has great potential to identify biomarkers for EVAR complications. We analyzed several phenotypes of pbcEVs using polychromatic flow cytometry in 22 patients with AAA eligible for EVAR. From each enrolled patient, peripheral blood samples were collected at AAA diagnosis, and after 1, 6, and 12 months following EVAR implantation, i.e. during the diagnostic follow-up protocol. Patients developing an endoleak displayed a significant decrease in activated-platelet-derived EVs between the baseline condition and 6 months after EVAR intervention. Furthermore, we also observed, that 1 month after EVAR implantation, patients developing an endoleak showed higher concentrations of activated-endothelial-derived EVs than patients who did not develop one, suggesting their great potential as a noninvasive and specific biomarker for early identification of EVAR complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lorenzo Serafini
- Unit of Radiology, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Delli Pizzi
- Unit of Radiology, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.P.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Cristian Mannetta
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Michela Villani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Izzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Buca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Trebeschi
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Unit of Radiology, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Buca D, D'Antonio F, Buca D, Di Sebastiano F, Simeone P, Di Girolamo R, Bologna G, Vespa S, Catitti G, Liberati M, Miscia S, Lanuti P. Extracellular Vesicles in pregnancy: Their potential role as a liquid biopsy. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103734. [PMID: 36063658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles released during different pathophysiological processes, circulating in many body fluids and mediating the inter-cellular crosstalk. We have analyzed, for the first time, different EV phenotypes and concentrations in the peripheral blood of uncomplicated pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective case-control study, uncomplicated singleton pregnant women at term (N = 59) and aged matched non-pregnant women (N = 21) were enrolled. Freshly drowned peripheral blood samples were stained for flow cytometry analyses of EVs. RESULTS EVs derived from platelets, leukocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells were identified and counted. Platelet-derived EVs were higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women, both in terms of absolute counts (2064.4 ± 1156.3 vs 701.1 ± 378.8; p < 0.0001) and percentages (27.6 ± 17.2 vs 10.7 ± 5.9; p < 0.0001). The opposite pattern was observed both for concentrations of endothelial-EV counts (525.8 ± 499.6 vs 844.7 ± 652.9; p = 0.007) and percentages (6.1 ± 5.5 vs 11.8 ± 8.0; p < 0.0001) and leukocyte-derived EV percentages (10.2 ± 7.4 vs 17.9 ± 11.2; p = 0.002) EVs. CONCLUSIONS Uncomplicated pregnancies are characterized by a specific EV signature. These cell-derived particles may therefore represent promising biomarkers of different pathological conditions complicating pregnancies, such as preeclampsia or preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buca
- Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Davide Buca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesca Di Sebastiano
- Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Di Girolamo
- Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Vespa
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giulia Catitti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marco Liberati
- Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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11
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Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Processes Associated with Muscle Injury Recovery of Professional Athletes Undergoing Sub Maximal Strength Rehabilitation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314913. [PMID: 36499243 PMCID: PMC9739739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has great potential in regenerative medicine. In addition to the well-known regenerative potential of secreted growth factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potential key players in the regulation of tissue repair. However, little is known about their therapeutic potential as regenerative agents. In this study, we have identified and subtyped circulating EVs (platelet-, endothelial-, and leukocyte-derived EVs) in the peripheral blood of athletes recovering from recent muscular injuries and undergoing a submaximal strength rehabilitation program. We found a significant increase in circulating platelet-derived EVs at the end of the rehabilitation program. Moreover, EVs from PRP samples were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analyzed by label-free proteomics. The proteomic analysis of PRP-EVs revealed that 32% of the identified proteins were associated to "defense and immunity", and altogether these proteins were involved in vesicle-mediated transport (GO: 0016192; FDR = 3.132 × 10-19), as well as in wound healing (GO: 0042060; FDR = 4.252 × 10-13) and in the events regulating such a process (GO: 0061041; FDR = 2.812 × 10-12). Altogether, these data suggest that platelet-derived EVs may significantly contribute to the regeneration potential of PRP preparations.
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12
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Catitti G, De Bellis D, Vespa S, Simeone P, Canonico B, Lanuti P. Extracellular Vesicles as Players in the Anti-Inflammatory Inter-Cellular Crosstalk Induced by Exercise Training. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14098. [PMID: 36430575 PMCID: PMC9697937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are circulating particles surrounded by a plasma membrane carrying a cargo consisting of proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNA fragments, stemming from the cells from which they originated. EV factors (i.e., miRNAs) play relevant roles in intercellular crosstalk, both locally and systemically. As EVs increasingly gained attention as potential carriers for targeted genes, the study of EV effects on the host immune response became more relevant. It has been demonstrated that EVs regulate the host immune response, executing both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. It is also known that physical exercise triggers anti-inflammatory effects. This review underlines the role of circulating EVs as players in the anti-inflammatory events associated with the regulation of the host's immune response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catitti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Bellis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.C.); (D.D.B.); (S.V.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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14
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Worse Disease Prognosis Is Associated to an Increase of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8074655. [PMID: 35811660 PMCID: PMC9270107 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8074655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PLT-EVs), the most abundant circulating EVs, have been found to be increased in several human diseases, including viral infections. Recently, we documented that PLT-EV counts are higher in SARS-CoV-2+ patients, enrolled during the first two waves of COVID-19, occurred in Italy last year, and we suggested PLT-EVs as a biomarker of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study is aimed at testing the ability of PLT-EV levels, measured at hospital admission and within one week of hospitalization, to predict patient's outcome. We applied an easy, fast, and reliable method, based on flow cytometry, for the detection of PLT-EVs in unmanipulated blood samples. In a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 patients, enrolled during the third wave of COVID-19 in Italy, we confirmed that PLT-EV counts are higher in comparison to healthy controls. Moreover, their number is not affected by prehospitalization treatment neither with heparin nor with steroids that are recommended by WHO guidelines. Noteworthy, we identified two pattern of patients, those who increased their PTL-EV level during first week and those reducing it. The former group representented more compromised patients, with higher 4C score, and unfavorable outcome. In conclusion, our new findings would suggest that a worse evolution of the disease is linked with increasing PLT-EV levels in the week after hospital admission.
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15
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Plasma CD16 + Extracellular Vesicles Associate with Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in HIV + Adults on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. mBio 2022; 13:e0300521. [PMID: 35435733 PMCID: PMC9239192 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03005-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is likely a result of persistent immune activation and systemic inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication and may drive inflammation contributing to CVD. EVs were characterized in plasma from 74 HIV-infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 64 HIV-uninfected controls with paired carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) assessment. EVs were profiled with markers reflecting lymphoid, myeloid, and endothelial origin. Seventeen plasma inflammatory biomarkers were also assessed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis was quantified after EV exposure. A significant correlation was observed in HIV-infected participants between cIMT and EVs expressing CD16, and the monocyte-related markers CD4, CD14, and CX3CR1 showed a similar but nonsignificant association with cIMT. No significant correlation between cIMT measurements from HIV-uninfected individuals and EVs was observed. Levels of serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and myeloperoxidase significantly correlated with CD14+, CD16+, and CX3CR1+ EVs. No correlation was noted between cIMT and soluble inflammatory markers. HUVECs showed increased necrosis after exposure to the EV-containing fraction of plasma derived from HIV-infected individuals compared to uninfected controls. Our study reveals that EVs expressing monocyte markers correlated with cIMT in HIV-infected individuals on cART. Moreover, EV fractions derived from HIV-infected individuals lead to greater endothelial cell death via necrotic pathways. Collectively, EVs have potential as biomarkers of and therapeutic targets in the pathogenesis of CVD in the setting of treated HIV disease. IMPORTANCE HIV-infected individuals have a 2-fold-increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population, yet the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are unclear. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators in cell-cell communication and, given what we know of their biology, may drive inflammation contributing to cardiovascular disease in this vulnerable population.
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16
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Claudio U, Antonio A, Marcella R, Erica C, Jacopo V, Katia F. Association of inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular risk scores in an Italian cohort of HIV positive patient undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:CHR-EPUB-124764. [PMID: 35748553 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x2002220623163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several algorithms have been developed to predict cardiovascular risk (CVR) over time, however none of them seem to be accurate when applied to HIV patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess plasma inflammatory biomarkers in relation to multiple CVR scores (FRS, ASCVD, PROCAM and the DAD-5 Years-Estimated-Risk) in an Italian cohort of HIV patients undergoing a combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). METHODS We enrolled HIV patients undergoing cART without any change in the HIV-related pharmacological therapy over the last 48 weeks Demographic and anamnestic data were collected, and a biochemical panel including the following biomarkers was collected: CRP, Cystatin-C, microalbuminuria, IL-18, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN- γ. CVR scores were obtained for each patient and compared to the biochemical panel to assess statistical correlation. RESULTS 90 Caucasian HIV patients were enrolled. Assessment of CVR scores showed FRS values of 6.98±6.11%, ASCVD 7.18±6.25%, PROCAM 6.7±7.4% and DAD-5 Years Estimated Risk 3.10±3.41%. We found correlations between the levels of circulating cytokines measured and the cardiovascular risk prediction scores. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that the values of selected inflammatory biomarkers strongly correlate with the CVR scores, suggesting that they can be employed as reliable predictors of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients. The routine use of selected biomarkers associated with systemic inflammation could be a valid and readily available tool for clinicians to assess and monitor cardiovascular risk in HIV patients. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ucciferri Claudio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d' Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Auricchio Antonio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d' Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Reale Marcella
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University \'G. d\'Annunzio\', Chieti- Pescara, Italy
| | - Costantini Erica
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University \'G. d\'Annunzio\', Chieti- Pescara, Italy
| | - Vecchiet Jacopo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d' Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Falasca Katia
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases Dept. of Medicine and Science of Aging University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy
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17
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Ostermeier B, Soriano-Sarabia N, Maggirwar SB. Platelet-Released Factors: Their Role in Viral Disease and Applications for Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2321. [PMID: 35216433 PMCID: PMC8876984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, which are small anuclear cell fragments, play important roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, but also actively release factors that can both suppress and induce viral infections. Platelet-released factors include sCD40L, microvesicles (MVs), and alpha granules that have the capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects depending on the virus. These factors are prime targets for use in extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapy due to their ability to reduce viral infections and exert anti-inflammatory effects. While there are some studies regarding platelet microvesicle-based (PMV-based) therapy, there is still much to learn about PMVs before such therapy can be used. This review provides the background necessary to understand the roles of platelet-released factors, how these factors might be useful in PMV-based therapy, and a critical discussion of current knowledge of platelets and their role in viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (B.O.); (N.S.-S.)
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18
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Navarrete-Muñoz MA, Llorens C, Benito JM, Rallón N. Extracellular Vesicles as a New Promising Therapy in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811471. [PMID: 35058938 PMCID: PMC8765339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively blocks HIV replication but cannot completely eliminate HIV from the body mainly due to establishment of a viral reservoir. To date, clinical strategies designed to replace cART for life and alternatively to eliminate the HIV reservoir have failed. The reduced expression of viral antigens in the latently infected cells is one of the main reasons behind the failure of the strategies to purge the HIV reservoir. This situation has forced the scientific community to search alternative therapeutic strategies to control HIV infection. In this regard, recent findings have pointed out extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents with enormous potential to control HIV infection. This review focuses on their role as pro-viral and anti-viral factors, as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Navarrete-Muñoz
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain.,Biotechvana, Madrid Scientific Park Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Llorens
- Biotechvana, Madrid Scientific Park Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Tokarz-Deptuła B, Palma J, Baraniecki Ł, Stosik M, Kołacz R, Deptuła W. What Function Do Platelets Play in Inflammation and Bacterial and Viral Infections? Front Immunol 2021; 12:770436. [PMID: 34970260 PMCID: PMC8713818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the function of platelets in inflammation as well as in bacterial and viral infections, which are the result of their reaction with the endovascular environment, including cells of damaged vascular endothelium and cells of the immune system. This role of platelets is conditioned by biologically active substances present in their granules and in their specific structures - EV (extracellular vesicles).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Michał Stosik
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Roman Kołacz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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20
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Potenza F, Cufaro MC, Di Biase L, Panella V, Di Campli A, Ruggieri AG, Dufrusine B, Restelli E, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F, Pieragostino D, De Laurenzi V, Federici L, Chiesa R, Sallese M. Proteomic Analysis of Marinesco-Sjogren Syndrome Fibroblasts Indicates Pro-Survival Metabolic Adaptation to SIL1 Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12449. [PMID: 34830330 PMCID: PMC8620507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome (MSS) is a rare multisystem pediatric disorder, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum cochaperone SIL1. SIL1 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, which plays a central role in secretory protein folding. SIL1 mutant cells have reduced BiP-assisted protein folding, cannot fulfil their protein needs, and experience chronic activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Maladaptive UPR may explain the cerebellar and skeletal muscle degeneration responsible for the ataxia and muscle weakness typical of MSS. However, the cause of other more variable, clinical manifestations, such as mild to severe mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature, and skeletal deformities, is less clear. To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and/or adaptive responses to SIL1 loss, we carried out cell biological and proteomic investigations in skin fibroblasts derived from a young patient carrying the SIL1 R111X mutation. Despite fibroblasts not being overtly affected in MSS, we found morphological and biochemical changes indicative of UPR activation and altered cell metabolism. All the cell machineries involved in RNA splicing and translation were strongly downregulated, while protein degradation via lysosome-based structures was boosted, consistent with an attempt of the cell to reduce the workload of the endoplasmic reticulum and dispose of misfolded proteins. Cell metabolism was extensively affected as we observed a reduction in lipid synthesis, an increase in beta oxidation, and an enhancement of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, with upregulation of eight of its enzymes. Finally, the catabolic pathways of various amino acids, including valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, aspartate, and phenylalanine, were enhanced, while the biosynthetic pathways of arginine, serine, glycine, and cysteine were reduced. These results indicate that, in addition to UPR activation and increased protein degradation, MSS fibroblasts have profound metabolic alterations, which may help them cope with the absence of SIL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Potenza
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Linda Di Biase
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Valeria Panella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Ruggieri
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
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21
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Ramirez SH, Buzhdygan TP, Hale JF, Cheng L, Li G, Hoover-Hankerson B, Razmpour R, Sriram U, Su L, Potula R, Andrews AM. Extracellular Microvesicles Released From Brain Endothelial Cells are Detected in Animal Models Of HIV-1 Signifying Unresolved Inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:785-795. [PMID: 34435263 PMCID: PMC8714626 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has effectively suppressed viral replication; however, the central nervous system is still a major target and reservoir of the virus leading to the possible development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Furthermore, a hallmark feature of HAND is the disruption of the blood–brain barrier that leads to loss of tight junction protein (TJP) complexes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by every cell type in the body, occur in greater quantities in response to cellular activation or injury. We have found that inflammatory insults activate brain endothelial cells (EC) and induce the release of EVs containing TJPs such as Occludin. We thus hypothesized that HIV infection and unresolved neuroinflammation will result in the release of brain-EC derived EVs. Herein, our results show elevated levels of brain-EC EVs in a humanized mouse model of HIV infection. Furthermore, while ART reduced brain-EC EVs, it was unable to completely resolve increased vesicles detectable in the blood. In addition to inflammatory insults, HIV-1 viral proteins (Tat and gp120) increased the release of Occludin + vesicles from human brain microvasculature ECs. This increase in vesicle release could be prevented by knock-down of the small GTPase ARF6. ARF6 has been shown to regulate EV biogenesis in other cell types, and we provide further evidence for the involvement of ARF6 in brain EC derived EVs. Overall, this study offers insight into the process of brain vascular remodeling (via EVs) in the setting of neuroinflammation and thus provides possibilities for biomarker monitoring and targeting of ARF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA.,The Center for Substance Abuse Research Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA.,The Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tetyana P Buzhdygan
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA.,The Center for Substance Abuse Research Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jonathan F Hale
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bryson Hoover-Hankerson
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA.,The Center for Substance Abuse Research Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology &, Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA. .,The Center for Substance Abuse Research Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA.
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22
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Ebermeyer T, Cognasse F, Berthelot P, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157894. [PMID: 34360659 PMCID: PMC8347377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Ebermeyer
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Team GIMAP, CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, U1111, UMR5308, F-69007 Lyon, France;
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Therapeutics, INNOVTE, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Amiral J. Extra cellular vesicles in blood circulation as biomarkers and messengers of patho-hysiological activity and alterations. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103209. [PMID: 34244081 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in Extracellular Vesicles released by many cells through membrane shedding. In addition to cell signaling, these particles are true messenger cargos, which can carry cell surface proteins, miRNAs and non-coding RNAs to other and distant cells. They are part of the inter-cellular crosstalk and they contribute to transferring biological messages far away from the triggering event. EVs are biomarkers of many diseases, including thrombo-embolic pathology, infections, neurological or metabolic disorders, and malignancy. Their role and significance are presented and discussed in this short review, as consequences of disease and causes of its progression. But they can also be beneficial for tissue healing or repair, and they can be prepared in vitro to be used for cell- targeted treatments. Many identification and measurement methods for EV's are sophisticated, which restricts their use to research studies, but they have, nevertheless, a high laboratory potential for diagnosis, prognosis and evolution as follow-up of many pathologies. New emerging laboratory tools offer more friendly and easy applications for characterizing EVs and testing their associated activity, especially for the procoagulant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Amiral
- SH/Scientific-Hemostasis, Scientific Director and Consultant in Hemostasis and Thrombosis Diagnostics, Franconville, France.
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24
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Phenotypic and Proteomic Analysis Identifies Hallmarks of Blood Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in NSCLC Responders to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040585. [PMID: 33546102 PMCID: PMC7913165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic and predictive role of blood circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy. A newly optimized flow cytometry protocol was applied for identification and subtyping of blood circulating EVs in a total cohort of 59 NSCLC patients, which included 31 patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents and 28 patients treated with traditional chemotherapy. Our results show that pre-treatment concentration of blood circulating endothelial-derived EVs was correlated with overall survival and clinical response in patients treated with immunotherapy. Additionally, proteomic analysis of purified blood circulating EVs indicated differences in EV protein cargo between responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These findings may pave the way to the identification of novel immunotherapy biomarkers in patients with advanced NSCLC. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce durable clinical responses only in a subset of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. There is a need to identify mechanisms of ICI resistance and immunotherapy biomarkers to improve clinical benefit. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive value of circulating endothelial and leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. In addition, the relationship between total blood circulating EV proteome and response to ICIs was investigated. An optimized flow cytometry method was employed for the identification and subtyping of blood circulating EVs in 59 patients with advanced NSCLC. Blood samples were collected from patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (n = 31) or chemotherapy (n = 28). An exploratory proteomic analysis of sorted blood EVs was conducted in a subset of patients. Our results show that a low blood concentration of circulating endothelial-derived EVs before treatment was strongly associated to longer overall survival (p = 0.0004) and higher disease control rate (p = 0.045) in patients treated with ICIs. Interestingly, shotgun proteomics revealed that EVs of responders to anti-PD-1 therapy had a specific protein cargo before treatment. In addition, EV protein cargo was specifically modulated during immunotherapy. We identified a previously unknown association between circulating endothelial-derived extracellular vesicle concentration and immunotherapy-related clinical outcomes. We also observed differences in circulating extracellular vesicle proteome according to anti-PD-1-based treatment response in NSCLC patients. Overall, these results may contribute to the identification of novel circulating biomarkers for rational immunotherapy approaches in patients affected by NSCLC.
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