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Murray J, Meloni G, Cortes EP, KimSilva A, Jacobs M, Ramkissoon A, Crary JF, Morgello S. Frontal lobe microglia, neurodegenerative protein accumulation, and cognitive function in people with HIV. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 35526056 PMCID: PMC9080134 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis. In a middle-aged cohort enriched for neuroinflammation, we asked whether microgliosis was related to neocortical amyloid beta (A[Formula: see text]) deposition and neuronal phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and whether microgliosis predicted cognition. Frontal lobe tissue from 191 individuals autopsied with detectable (HIV-D) and undetectable (HIV-U) HIV infection, and 63 age-matched controls were examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate A[Formula: see text] plaques and neuronal p-tau, and quantitate microgliosis with markers Iba1, CD163, and CD68 in large regions of cortex. Glia in the A[Formula: see text] plaque microenvironment were quantitated by immunofluorescence (IF). The relationship of microgliosis to cognition was evaluated. No relationship between A[Formula: see text] or p-tau accumulation and overall severity of microgliosis was discerned. Individuals with uncontrolled HIV had the greatest microgliosis, but fewer A[Formula: see text] plaques; they also had higher prevalence of APOE [Formula: see text]4 alleles, but died earlier than other groups. HIV group status was the only variable predicting microgliosis over large frontal regions. In contrast, in the A[Formula: see text] plaque microenvironment, APOE [Formula: see text]4 status and sex were dominant predictors of glial infiltrates, with smaller contributions of HIV status. Cognition correlated with large-scale microgliosis in HIV-D, but not HIV-U, individuals. In this autopsy cohort, over large regions of cortex, HIV status predicts microgliosis, whereas in the A[Formula: see text] plaque microenvironment, traditional risk factors of AD (APOE [Formula: see text]4 and sex) are stronger determinants. While microgliosis does not predict neurodegenerative protein deposition, it does predict cognition in HIV-D. Increased neuroinflammation does not initiate amyloid deposition in a younger group with enhanced genetic risk. However, once A[Formula: see text] deposits are established, APOE [Formula: see text]4 predicts increased plaque-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Murray
- Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1137, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gregory Meloni
- Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1137, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Etty P Cortes
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ariadna KimSilva
- Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1137, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michelle Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1137, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alyssa Ramkissoon
- Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1137, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1137, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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