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Kochanowicz AM, Osuch S, Berak H, Kumorek A, Caraballo Cortés K. Double Positive CD4 +CD8 + (DP) T-Cells Display Distinct Exhaustion Phenotype in Chronic Hepatitis C. Cells 2023; 12:1446. [PMID: 37408280 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis C (CHC), characterized by exhaustion of T-cell function, increased frequencies of double-positive (DP) (CD4+CD8+) cells are present in peripheral blood. We compared the exhaustion phenotype between DP and single positive (SP) T-cells, including HCV-specific cells, and assessed the effect of successful HCV treatment on inhibitory receptors expression. Blood samples from 97 CHC patients were collected before and six months post-treatment. PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and Tim-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3) expression was assessed by flow cytometry. DP T-cells displayed significantly higher PD-1 expression, lower Tim-3 expression than CD8+ SP T-cells and lower percentages of PD-1-Tim-3- cells than CD4+ SP T-cells, both before and after treatment. PD-1+Tim-3+ DP T-cells decreased following treatment. HCV-specific cells were more frequent among DP than SP T-cells, both before and after treatment. HCV-specific DP T-cells were characterized by lower PD-1 expression, higher PD-1 and Tim-3 co-expression, and lower percentages of PD-1-Tim-3- cells (both before and after treatment) and higher post-treatment Tim-3 than HCV-specific SP T-cells. Their percentages decreased following treatment, but the exhaustion phenotype remained unchanged. DP T-cells in CHC exhibit a distinct exhaustion phenotype from SP T-cells, and these changes mostly persist following successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Kochanowicz
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Osuch
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Berak
- Outpatient Clinic, Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kumorek
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortés
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Zou S, Tan Y, Xiang Y, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Wu S, Guo W, Luo M, Shen L, Liang K. The Role of CD4+CD8+ T Cells in HIV Infection With Tuberculosis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:895179. [PMID: 35712309 PMCID: PMC9195591 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.895179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an important opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency diseases (AIDS). Although the frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells has been observed to increase in pathological conditions, their role (phenotypic and functional) is poorly described, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with TB (HIV/TB (HT) coinfection). Methods The percentage and phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral blood DP T cells in patients with HT coinfection in comparison to uninfected controls and to patients with HIV or TB mono-infection were analyzed by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Results Total and CD4lowCD8high DP T cells were significantly increased in patients with both HIV and TB mono-infection, especially in patients with HT coinfection. Compared with healthy controls (HCs), the percentage of DP T cells expressing chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in patients with HT coinfection was significantly higher. Compared with HCs and patients with TB, a lower percentage of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secreting DP T cells and a higher percentage of granzyme A-secreting DP T cells were observed in patients with HIV mono-infection and HT coinfection, respectively. In addition, DP T cells expressed more cytolytic markers (granzyme A and perforin) than CD4+ T cells, but similarly to CD8+ T cells in patients with HT coinfection. Conclusions Our data suggested that HT coinfection resulted in a marked increase in DP T cells, especially the CD4lowCD8high subpopulation. DP T cells may be susceptible to HT coinfection, and have the same cytotoxic function as CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanni Xiang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqi Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ling Shen
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
- Ke Liang
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Melton A, Doyle-Meyers LA, Blair RV, Midkiff C, Melton HJ, Russell-Lodrigue K, Aye PP, Schiro F, Fahlberg M, Szeltner D, Spencer S, Beddingfield BJ, Goff K, Golden N, Penney T, Picou B, Hensley K, Chandler KE, Plante JA, Plante KS, Weaver SC, Roy CJ, Hoxie JA, Gao H, Montefiori DC, Mankowski JL, Bohm RP, Rappaport J, Maness NJ. The pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of COVID-19 reproduces diverse clinical outcomes and reveals new and complex signatures of disease. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010162. [PMID: 34929014 PMCID: PMC8722729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, has killed over five million people worldwide as of December 2021 with infections rising again due to the emergence of highly transmissible variants. Animal models that faithfully recapitulate human disease are critical for assessing SARS-CoV-2 viral and immune dynamics, for understanding mechanisms of disease, and for testing vaccines and therapeutics. Pigtail macaques (PTM, Macaca nemestrina) demonstrate a rapid and severe disease course when infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), including the development of severe cardiovascular symptoms that are pertinent to COVID-19 manifestations in humans. We thus proposed this species may likewise exhibit severe COVID-19 disease upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we extensively studied a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected PTM euthanized either 6- or 21-days after respiratory viral challenge. We show that PTM demonstrate largely mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. Pulmonary infiltrates were dominated by T cells, including CD4+ T cells that upregulate CD8 and express cytotoxic molecules, as well as virus-targeting T cells that were predominantly CD4+. We also noted increases in inflammatory and coagulation markers in blood, pulmonary pathologic lesions, and the development of neutralizing antibodies. Together, our data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection of PTM recapitulates important features of COVID-19 and reveals new immune and viral dynamics and thus may serve as a useful animal model for studying pathogenesis and testing vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Melton
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Biomedical Science Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lara A. Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cecily Midkiff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hunter J. Melton
- Florida State University, Department of Statistics, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Pyone P. Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dawn Szeltner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Skye Spencer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Kelly Goff
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nadia Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Toni Penney
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Breanna Picou
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Krystle Hensley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kristin E. Chandler
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James A. Hoxie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Virdi AK, Wallace J, Barbian H, Richards MH, Ritz EM, Sha B, Al-Harthi L. CD32 is enriched on CD4dimCD8bright T cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239157. [PMID: 32960910 PMCID: PMC7508398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4dimCD8bright T cells, a genuine population of CD8+ T cells, are highly activated and cytolytic. Recently, the low affinity IgG Fc fragment receptor CD32a was described as marker of HIV latency while others reported that CD32a is associated with T cell activation. Given that we have previously established that CD4dimCD8bright T cells are highly activated, mediate anti-HIV responses, and are infected by HIV, we assessed here CD32 expression on CD4dimCD8bright T cells in context of HIV. CD32 frequency on peripheral CD4dimCD8bright and CD4+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry among HIV negative and HIV positive patients. We report that among HIV- individuals, mean CD32 percent expression was 60% on CD4dimCD8bright T cells and 17% on CD4+ T cells (p<0.01). Among HIV+ patients, mean CD32 percent expression was 54% on CD4dimCD8bright T cells and 12% on CD4+ T cells (p<0.001). CD32 expression on CD4dimCD8bright T cells did not correlate with CD4 count and viral load and was not different by HIV serostatus. CD32 was also higher on other double positive T cell populations in both HIV negative and HIV positive donors in comparison to their single positive T cell counterpart. Together, these studies indicate that CD32 is enriched on double positive T cells regardless of HIV serostatus. The functional role of CD32 on these double positive T cells remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber K. Virdi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennillee Wallace
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Hannah Barbian
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maureen H. Richards
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Ritz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Beverly Sha
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Diedrich CR, Gideon HP, Rutledge T, Baranowski TM, Maiello P, Myers AJ, Lin PL. CD4CD8 Double Positive T cell responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:82-89. [PMID: 30723927 PMCID: PMC6519377 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) kills millions of people every year. CD4 and CD8 T cells are critical in the immune response against TB. T cells expressing both CD4 and CD8 (CD4CD8 T cells) are functionally active and have not been examined in the context of TB. METHODS We examine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) and lung granulomas from 28 cynomolgus macaques during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. RESULTS CD4CD8 T cells increase in frequency during early Mtb infection in PBMC and BAL from pre-infection. Peripheral, airway, and lung granuloma CD4CD8 T cells have distinct patterns and greater cytokine production than CD4 or CD8 T cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CD4CD8 T cells transient the blood and airways early during infection to reach the granulomas where they are involved directly in the host response to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Richard Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah Priyadarshini Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tonilynn Marie Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy J Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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6
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Kourkounti S, Papaizos V, Leuow K, Kordosis T, Antoniou C. Hepatitis A Vaccination and Immunological Parameters in HIV-Infected Patients. Viral Immunol 2013; 26:357-63. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kourkounti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology (AIDS Unit), A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papaizos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology (AIDS Unit), A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kirsten Leuow
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology (AIDS Unit), A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kordosis
- Department of Pathophysiology (AIDS Unit), Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Antoniou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology (AIDS Unit), A. Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Pérez AR, Morrot A, Berbert LR, Terra-Granado E, Savino W. Extrathymic CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes in Chagas disease: possible relationship with an immunoendocrine imbalance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1262:27-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Frahm MA, Picking RA, Kuruc JD, McGee KS, Gay CL, Eron JJ, Hicks CB, Tomaras GD, Ferrari G. CD4+CD8+ T cells represent a significant portion of the anti-HIV T cell response to acute HIV infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4289-96. [PMID: 22461689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that HIV-infected individuals possess circulating CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) T cells specific for HIV Ags. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferation and functional profile of circulating DP T cells from 30 acutely HIV-infected individuals and 10 chronically HIV-infected viral controllers. The acutely infected group had DP T cells that showed more proliferative capability and multifunctionality than did both their CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. DP T cells were found to exhibit greater proliferation and higher multifunctionality compared with CD4 T cells in the viral controller group. The DP T cell response represented 16% of the total anti-HIV proliferative response and >70% of the anti-HIV multifunctional response in the acutely infected subjects. Proliferating DP T cells of the acutely infected subjects responded to all HIV Ag pools with equal magnitude. Conversely, the multifunctional response was focused on the pool representing Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR, and VPU. Meanwhile, the controllers' DP T cells focused on Gag and the Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR, and VPU pool for both their proliferative and multifunctional responses. Finally, we show that the presence of proliferating DP T cells following all HIV Ag stimulations is well correlated with proliferating CD4 T cells whereas multifunctionality appears to be largely independent of multifunctionality in other T cell compartments. Therefore, DP T cells represent a highly reactive cell population during acute HIV infection, which responds independently from the traditional T cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Frahm
- Center for AIDS Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710, USA
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Thymus atrophy and double-positive escape are common features in infectious diseases. J Parasitol Res 2012; 2012:574020. [PMID: 22518275 PMCID: PMC3307005 DOI: 10.1155/2012/574020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ in which bone marrow-derived T-cell precursors undergo differentiation, leading to migration of positively selected thymocytes to the T-cell-dependent areas of secondary lymphoid organs. This organ can undergo atrophy, caused by several endogenous and exogenous factors such as ageing, hormone fluctuations, and infectious agents. This paper will focus on emerging data on the thymic atrophy caused by infectious agents. We present data on the dynamics of thymus lymphocytes during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection, showing that the resulting thymus atrophy comprises the abnormal release of thymic-derived T cells and may have an impact on host immune response.
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Nascimbeni M, Pol S, Saunier B. Distinct CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cells in the blood and liver of patients during chronic hepatitis B and C. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20145. [PMID: 21647449 PMCID: PMC3102078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the main effectors of adaptive cellular immune responses, differentiate from immature, non-functional CD4+CD8+ double-positive T (DPT) cells in the thymus. Increased proportions of circulating DPT lymphocytes have been observed during acute viral infections; in chronic viral diseases, the role and repartition of extra-thymic DPT cells remain largely uncharacterized. We performed a phenotypic analysis of DPT cells in blood and liver from patients chronically infected by hepatitis C (HCV) or B (HBV) viruses. The highest percentages of DPT cells, predominantly CD4highCD8low, were observed in patients infected by HCV, while HBV-infected patients mostly displayed CD4lowCD8high and CD4highCD8high DPT cells. All proportions of DPT cells were higher in liver than in blood with, for each subpopulation referred to above, a correlation between their frequencies in these two compartments. In HCV patients, intra-hepatic DPT cells displayed more heterogeneous activation, differentiation and memory phenotypes than in the blood; most of them expressed CD1a, a marker of T cell development in the thymus. Ex vivo, the inoculation of liver slices with HCV produced in cell culture was accompanied by a disappearance of CD8high cells, suggesting a direct effect of the virus on the phenotype of DPT cells in the liver. Our results suggest that, in half of the patients, chronic HCV infection promotes the production of DPT cells, perhaps by their re-induction in the thymus and selection in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Nascimbeni
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, UMR8104 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Paris, France
- U1016 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, UMR8104 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Paris, France
- U1016 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
- Hepatology Unit of Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Saunier
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, UMR8104 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Paris, France
- U1016 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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HIV-1 Nef disrupts intracellular trafficking of major histocompatibility complex class I, CD4, CD8, and CD28 by distinct pathways that share common elements. J Virol 2011; 85:6867-81. [PMID: 21543478 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00229-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nef protein is an important HIV virulence factor that promotes the degradation of host proteins to augment virus production and facilitate immune evasion. The best-characterized targets of Nef are major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and CD4, but Nef also has been reported to target several other proteins, including CD8β, CD28, CD80, CD86, and CD1d. To compare and contrast the effects of Nef on each protein, we constructed a panel of chimeric proteins in which the extracellular and transmembrane regions of the MHC-I allele HLA-A2 were fused to the cytoplasmic tails of CD4, CD28, CD8β, CD80, CD86, and CD1d. We found that Nef coprecipitated with and disrupted the expression of molecules with cytoplasmic tails from MHC-I HLA-A2, CD4, CD8β, and CD28, but Nef did not bind to or alter the expression of molecules with cytoplasmic tails from CD80, CD86, and CD1d. In addition, we used short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown and coprecipitation experiments to implicate AP-1 as a cellular cofactor for Nef in the downmodulation of both CD28 and CD8β. The interaction with AP-1 required for CD28 and CD8β differed from the AP-1 interaction required for MHC-I downmodulation in that it was mediated through the dileucine motif within Nef (LL(164,165)AA) and did not require the tyrosine binding pocket of the AP-1 μ subunit. In addition, we demonstrate a requirement for β-COP as a cellular cofactor for Nef that was necessary for the degradation of targeted molecules HLA-A2, CD4, and CD8. These studies provide important new information on the similarities and differences with which Nef affects intracellular trafficking and help focus future research on the best potential pharmaceutical targets.
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Gulzar N, Shroff A, Buberoglu B, Klonowska D, Kim JE, Copeland KFT. Properties of HTLV-I transformed CD8+ T-cells in response to HIV-1 infection. Virology 2010; 406:302-11. [PMID: 20708209 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection studies of primary CD8(+) T-cells are hampered by difficulty in obtaining a significant number of targets for infection and low levels of productive infection. Further, there exists a paucity of CD8-expressing T-cell lines to address questions pertaining to the study of CD8(+) T-cells in the context of HIV-1 infection. In this study, a set of CD8(+) T-cell clones were originated through HTLV-I transformation in vitro, and the properties of these cells were examined. The clones were susceptible to T-cell tropic strains of the virus and exhibited HIV-1 production 20-fold greater than primary CD4(+) T-cells. Productive infection resulted in a decrease in expression of CD8 and CXCR4 molecules on the surface of the CD8(+) T-cell clones and antibodies to these molecules abrogated viral binding and replication. These transformed cells provide an important tool in the study of CD8(+) T-cells and may provide important insights into the mechanism(s) behind HIV-1 induced CD8(+) T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gulzar
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Phenotypic and functional characterization of HIV-1-specific CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells in early and chronic HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 50:444-56. [PMID: 19360930 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31819aa8c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells represent a poorly characterized population of effector T cells found at low frequencies in the peripheral blood. Virus-specific DP T cells have been identified in HIV-1-infected patients but their origin, relationship to conventional CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells, and role in disease pathogenesis are unclear. METHODS In this study, peripheral blood T cells were analyzed for cytokine production, maturation, and cytolytic marker expression by polychromatic flow cytometry in subjects with both early (n = 27) and chronic (n = 21) HIV-1 infection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS HIV-1-specific interferon gamma (IFN-g)-producing DP T cells were identified at a median frequency of 0.48% compared with 1.08% and 0.02% for CD8 and CD4 SP cells, respectively, in response to pooled HIV-1 peptides. HIV-1- specific DP T cells exhibited polyfunctionality with characteristics of both CD4 and CD8 SP T cells, including coproduction of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and expression of cytolytic-associated lysosomal-associated membrane protein. No differences in frequencies of unstimulated DP T cells were observed in early compared with chronic infection. However, chronic infection was associated with higher frequencies of HIV-specific, IFN-gamma-producing DP T cells and higher fractions of effector memory and lysosomal-associated membrane protein expression among these cells, suggesting an effect of cumulative viral antigen burden on DP T-cell function.
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14
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Abstract
Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA is increasingly used to measure the HIV-1 cellular reservoirs, a helpful marker to evaluate the efficacy of antiretroviral therapeutic regimens in HIV-1-infected individuals. Furthermore, the proviral DNA load represents a specific marker for the early diagnosis of perinatal HIV-1 infection and might be predictive of HIV-1 disease progression independently of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4(+) T-cell counts. The high degree of genetic variability of HIV-1 poses a serious challenge for the design of a universal quantitative assay capable of detecting all the genetic subtypes within the main (M) HIV-1 group with similar efficiency. Here, we describe a highly sensitive real-time PCR protocol that allows for the correct quantification of virtually all group-M HIV-1 strains with a higher degree of accuracy compared with other methods. The protocol involves three stages, namely DNA extraction/lysis, cellular DNA quantification and HIV-1 proviral load assessment. Owing to the robustness of the PCR design, this assay can be performed on crude cellular extracts, and therefore it may be suitable for the routine analysis of clinical samples even in developing countries. An accurate quantification of the HIV-1 proviral load can be achieved within 1 d from blood withdrawal.
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Cystatin C as a new biomarker of renal dysfunction in HIV-1 infected patients – preliminary report. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1730-1270(10)60062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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