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Piersiala K, Weinreb SF, Akst LM, Hillel AT, Best SR. Laryngeal disorders in people living with HIV. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103234. [PMID: 34560598 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have shown that HIV infected individuals are at higher risk compared to the general population of developing non-AIDS defining conditions such as some types of cancer, kidney disease, liver disease and others. In this case-control study, we compared the incidence of laryngeal disorders between a treatment-seeking HIV-positive population and uninfected controls. We aimed to investigate whether there are any laryngeal disorders that are overrepresented in HIV-positive individuals. METHODS This was a case-control study based on retrospective chart review, comparing the incidence of laryngeal, airway, and swallowing disorders in sixty-nine HIV positive individuals and 4178 HIV negative controls treated between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017, at the Johns Hopkins Voice Center. RESULTS A majority of HIV-infected patients (59.4%) had at least one diagnosis belonging to the Vocal cord pathology category compared to 48.2% of controls (OR 1.57, p = 0.065). Compared to the entire treatment-seeking population, HIV patients were more likely to present with laryngeal cancer (15.9% vs. 3.4% in controls, OR 5.43, p < 0.001) and chronic laryngitis (17.4% vs. 4.2%, OR 4.79, p < 0.001). Fungal and ulcerative laryngitis were also overrepresented in HIV-positive individuals (OR 9.45, p < 0.001 and 6.29, p < 0.001, respectively). None of the diagnoses categorized as functional voice disorders, swallowing, or airway problems showed a significant difference between groups. Laryngeal papillomatosis, which is an HPV-dependent disease, had similar prevalence in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment-seeking HIV-positive patients presenting to a laryngology clinic suffer significantly more often from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma as well as chronic, fungal, and ulcerative laryngitis compared to HIV-negative individuals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Njoroge A, Augusto O, Page ST, Kigondu C, Oluka M, Puttkammer N, Farquhar C. Increased risk of prediabetes among virally suppressed adults with HIV in Central Kenya detected using glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00292. [PMID: 34505404 PMCID: PMC8502220 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS As survival among people living with HIV (PLHIV) improves with universal HIV treatment, new strategies are needed to support management of co-morbidities like type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed prediabetes and T2D prevalence and risk factors using haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Central Kenya. METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a rural and urban site, enrolled PLHIV aged ≥35 years on ART for at least 5 years. HbA1c was assayed using Cobas b 101® , a point-of-care device. HbA1c levels ≥6.5% were considered diagnostic of T2D. For pre-diabetic HbA1c levels (5.7%-6.4%), participants were requested to return the following day for a fasting blood glucose (FBG) to rule out T2D. Risk factors were assessed using multivariable log-binomial regression. RESULTS Of the 600 completing study procedures, the prevalence of diabetes was 5% (30/600). Ten participants were known to have diabetes; thus, prevalence of newly diagnosed T2D was 3.4% (20/590). Prevalence of prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%) was 14.2% (84/590). Significant predictors of elevated HbA1c were increase in age (Prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.10, CI: 1.02, 1.18, p = .012), hypertension (PR: 1.43, CI: 1.07-2.3, p = .015), central adiposity (PR: 2.11, CI: 1.57-2.84, p < .001) and use of Efavirenz (PR: 2.09, CI: 1.48, 2.96, p < .001). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of prediabetes, a significant predictor of T2D, among PLHIV in Central Kenya. Point-of-care HbA1c may help identify PLHIV with prediabetes in a single screening visit and provide an opportunity for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Njoroge
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Research and ProgramsKenyatta National HospitalNairobiKenya
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Margaret Oluka
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacognosyUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya
| | - Nancy Puttkammer
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Daultrey H, Youseff E, Wright J, Davies K, Chakera AJ, Levett T. The investigation of diabetes in people living with HIV: A systematic review. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14454. [PMID: 33174236 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS HbA1c is reported to underestimate glycaemia in people living with HIV (PLHIV). There is not an internationally agreed screening method for diabetes. The primary aim was to identify which tests are performed to diagnose and monitor diabetes in PLHIV. Secondary aims were to identify whether prevalence or incidence of diabetes differs according to marker of glycaemia and how figures compare in PLHIV compared to people without. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for studies investigating diabetes in PLHIV, not pregnant, aged ≥18 years. Narrative analysis and descriptive statistics were used to describe which markers of glycaemia, and their frequency, were employed in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes in PLHIV. Diagnostic studies provided prevalence or incidence of diabetes. RESULTS In all, 45 of 1028 studies were included. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting glucose (FG), HbA1c and Fructosamine were used to investigate diabetes. In total, 27 studies described diagnosing diabetes, 14 using OGTT, 12 FG and 7 HbA1c. All 18 studies monitoring diabetes used HbA1c. Prevalence ranged from 1.3% to 26% and incidence 2.9% to 12.8%. Studies using glucose and HbA1c reported HbA1c to diagnose fewer people with diabetes, monitoring studies found HbA1c to underestimate glycaemia levels. Controlled studies demonstrate diabetes was more common in PLHIV. CONCLUSION OGTT was used most frequently to diagnose diabetes, and HbA1c to monitor known diabetes. Prevalence and incidence varied depending on marker of glycaemia used. Studies reported a discrepancy in accuracy of HbA1c in PLHIV, to address this, well-designed, prospective studies, providing individual-level data on HbA1c levels and an additional marker of glycaemia in PLHIV are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin Davies
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Ali J Chakera
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Tom Levett
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Lin L, Li TS. Multidisciplinary collaborative integrated management of increasingly prominent HIV complications in the post-cART era. HIV Med 2020; 21:683-691. [PMID: 33369030 PMCID: PMC7839721 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the prolonged survival time of AIDS patients, complications of various systems and organs of HIV infection are increasingly prominent. These diseases have become the major factors influencing the quality of life and prognosis of HIV-infected persons, and multidisciplinary cooperation treatment is urgently needed. METHODS The Chinese HIV/AIDS Clinical Trial Network has conducted a series of multicentre clinical cohort studies over the past 16 years, in which studies related to people living with HIV systemic complications. Based on the results of previous studies, this review establishes the complications of Chinese people living with HIV after long-term cART. RESULTS HIV's direct damage to human cells, chronic abnormal inflammatory activation after HIV infection, long-term drug side effects caused by cART and persistent reservoirs cause systemic complications in people living with HIV. We summarised the clinical characteristics of the complications of HIV infection in China from the aspects of the liver, cardiovascular, the nervous system, the kidney, bone metabolism, blood glucose, and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The management of the complications of HIV infection is a major link in improving the survival treatment and prognosis of patients in the future. The joint participation of doctors from different departments of general hospitals in the management of comorbidities is the main theme for future improvement of quality of life and prognosis for people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - TS Li
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for AIDS ResearchChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Clinical Immunology CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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He N, Ding Y, Li J, Yuan S, Xu L, Qiao S, Xu X, Zhu B, Shi R, Barile JP, Wong FY. HIV and Aging in Mainland China: Implications for Control and Prevention Research. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 16:439-447. [PMID: 31773404 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The last 15 years have witnessed a dramatic change in HIV-related epidemiology amidst improvements in treatment and care in China. With proper treatment, HIV is now considered a chronic disease. As a consequence, many people living with HIV (PLWH) now present age-related comorbidities. We reviewed 13 topical issues concerning the epidemiology of aging with HIV in mainland China. RESULTS Many of aging-related issues associated with the biological and physical aspects of living with HIV addressed in mainland China are consistent with the global literature. Greater prevalence of age-related comorbidities among PLWH was observed. Beyond biological mechanisms associated with HIV infection and traditional risk factors, other factors play a vital role in the aging process among PLWH. A stronger focus on screening, prevention, and management of non-HIV co-morbidities among PLWH is now warranted. Macro-social factors need to be integrated into next generation of clinical and/or behavioral HIV research to inform disease progression and management as well as prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijie Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizi Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John P Barile
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Frank Y Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. .,Center for Indigenous Nursing Research for Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Bijker R, Kumarasamy N, Kiertiburanakul S, Pujari S, Sun LP, Ng OT, Lee MP, Choi JY, Nguyen KV, Chan YJ, Merati TP, Do DC, Ross J, Law M. Diabetes, mortality and glucose monitoring rates in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Low Intensity Transfer (TAHOD-LITE) study. HIV Med 2019; 20:615-623. [PMID: 31338975 PMCID: PMC7153907 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and mortality, and factors associated with FPG monitoring rates in Asia. METHODS Patients from the Therapeutics Research, Education, and AIDS Training in Asia (TREAT Asia) HIV Observational Database Low Intensity Transfer (TAHOD-LITE) cohort were included in the present study if they had initiated ART. Competing risk and Poisson regression were used to analyse the association between FPG and mortality, and assess risk factors for FPG monitoring rates, respectively. FPG was categorized as diabetes (FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L), prediabetes (FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L) and normal FPG (FPG < 5.6 mmol/L). RESULTS In total, 33 232 patients were included in the analysis. Throughout follow-up, 59% had no FPG test available. The incidence rate for diabetes was 13.7 per 1000 person-years in the 4649 patients with normal FPG at ART initiation. Prediabetes [sub-hazard ratio (sHR) 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.64] and diabetes (sHR 1.90; 95% CI 1.52-2.38) were associated with mortality compared to those with normal FPG. FPG monitoring increased from 0.34 to 0.78 tests per person-year from 2012 to 2016 (P < 0.001). Male sex [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.12], age > 50 years (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09-1.19) compared to ≤ 40 years, and CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/μL (IRR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.09) compared to < 200 cells/μL were associated with increased FPG monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and prediabetes were associated with mortality. FPG monitoring increased over time; however, less than half of our cohort had been tested. Greater resources should be allocated to FPG monitoring for early diabetic treatment and intervention and to optimize survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimke Bijker
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy
- Chennai Antiviral Research and Treatment Clinical Research Site (CART CRS), VHS-Infectious Diseases Medical Centre, VHS, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Ly Penh Sun
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology & STDs, and University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Oon Tek Ng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Man Po Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yu Jiun Chan
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jeremy Ross
- TREAT Asia, amfAR – The Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew Law
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Changes in Lipid Indices in HIV+ Cases on HAART. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2870647. [PMID: 30868068 PMCID: PMC6379880 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2870647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We assess long-term changes in lipid levels in human immunodeficiency disease- (HIV-) infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) and their association with diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction. We observed changes in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) of 63 HIV-infected patients in the 6 years from starting HAART and analyzed correlations between relevant parameters. TC levels of patients with normal baseline TC levels as well as those diagnosed with DM or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) increased significantly (P < 0.05) as did the TG levels of patients with normal baseline TG levels (P < 0.05). TC levels of patients with hypercholesterolemia in the year HAART was initiated were significantly higher than those of patients with normal baseline TC levels (P < 0.05) for all 6 years. TC levels of patients diagnosed with DM were significantly higher than those with euglycemia (P < 0.05) 2 and 4 years after HAART commencement. Levels of TC, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were correlated negatively with viral load, whereas levels of TC and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) were correlated positively with CD4+ cell counts before HAART commencement. Linear mixed-effect model demonstrated disturbance of glucose metabolism and HAART containing nevirapine and CD4+ cell count were positively correlated with TC levels after HAART commencement. These findings suggest that there are changes in the lipid levels of patients undergoing HAART, with the potential risk of dyslipidemia.
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Nansseu JR, Bigna JJ, Kaze AD, Noubiap JJ. Incidence and Risk Factors for Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus Among HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Epidemiology 2019; 29:431-441. [PMID: 29394189 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence on the rates and drivers of progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and/or diabetes mellitus (hereafter "diabetes") in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed HIV-infected people. METHODS We searched EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus to identify articles published from 1 January 2000 to 30 April 2017. A random-effects model produced a summary estimate of the incidence across studies and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q statistic. RESULTS We included 44 studies, whose methodologic quality was high with only 10 (30%) medium-quality studies and none of low quality. There was substantial heterogeneity between studies in estimates of the incidence of diabetes and prediabetes. The pooled incidence rate of overt diabetes and prediabetes were 13.7 per 1,000 person-years of follow-up (95% CI = 13, 20; I = 98.1%) among 396,496 person-years and 125 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI = 0, 123; I = 99.4) among 1,532 person-years, respectively. The major risk factors for diabetes and prediabetes were aging, family history of diabetes, Black or Hispanic origin, overweight/obesity, central obesity, lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, increased baseline fasting glycemia, and certain ART regimens. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the important and fast-increasing burden of diabetes and prediabetes among the ART-exposed HIV-infected population. More research is needed to better capture the interplay between prediabetes/diabetes and ART in HIV-infected patients, considering the increasing number of ART-exposed patients subsequent to the World Health Organization's recommendation of initiating ART at HIV infection diagnosis regardless of CD4 count and age.
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Bijker R, Choi JY, Ditangco R, Kiertiburanakul S, Lee MP, Siwamogsatham S, Pujari S, Ross J, Wong CY, Wong WW, Yunihastuti E, Law M. Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV-Positive Populations in the Asian Region. Open AIDS J 2017; 11:52-66. [PMID: 29302277 PMCID: PMC5753029 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601711010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are becoming more prevalent in HIV-infected populations as they age largely due to improved treatment outcomes. Assessment of CVD risk and CVD risk factors in HIV-positive populations has focused on high income settings, while there are limited studies evaluating CVD in HIV-positive populations in the Asian region. Materials and Methods: We provided an overview of the prevalence and incidence of CVD and its risk factors in adult HIV-positive populations, and of the strategies currently in place for CVD management in the Asian region. Results: Studies from the Asian region showed that CVD and CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia, elevated blood glucose, obesity and smoking, are highly prevalent in HIV-positive populations. A number of studies suggested that HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy may contribute to increased CVD risk. National HIV treatment guidelines provide some directions regarding CVD risk prevention and management in the HIV-infected population, however, they are limited in number and scope. Conclusion: Development and consolidation of guidelines for integrated CVD and HIV care are essential to control the burden of CVD in HIV-positive populations. To inform guidelines, policies and practice in the Asian region, research should focus on exploring appropriate CVD risk screening strategies and estimating current and future CVD mortality and morbidity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimke Bijker
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Man Po Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sarawut Siwamogsatham
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Law
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Jin C, Ji S, Xie T, Höxtermann S, Fuchs W, Lu X, Wu H, Cheng L, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Brockmeyer NH, Wu N. Severe dyslipidemia and immune activation in HIV patients with dysglycemia. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2016; 17:189-96. [PMID: 27409415 DOI: 10.1080/15284336.2016.1207297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, the relationship between dysglycemia, lipid metabolism, and immune activation in HIV patients is poorly understood. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 180 HIV patients, including 153 patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 27 HAART-naive patients. DM was defined as fasting serum glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl, and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as serum glucose levels of 101-125 mg/dl at two different time points. Lipid metabolic indexes were measured. CD4+, CD8+, and CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS IFM and DM percentages were higher in the HAART group than in the HAART-naive group (59.5% vs. 48.1% and 21.6% vs. 7.4%, respectively; p < 0.01). Additionally, DM percentage was high in patients receiving HAART containing protease inhibitors. Serum levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in IFG and DM HAART patients than in euglycemic HAART patients (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride levels were higher in HAART-naive DM patients than in other patients (p < 0.05). CD8+ and CD8+ HLA-DR+ cell counts were higher in IFG and DM HAART patients than in euglycemic HAART patients (p < 0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis suggested that TRIG, VLDL, CD8, and HAART were predictors of glucose metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION HIV patients with hyperglycemia have severe dyslipidemia and immune activation, and HAART is an important impact factor of glucose and lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhong Jin
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shujing Ji
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Tiansheng Xie
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Stefan Höxtermann
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fuchs
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Xiangyun Lu
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Haibo Wu
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Linfang Cheng
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Adriane Skaletz-Rorowski
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Norbert H Brockmeyer
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital , Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Nanping Wu
- a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Vernon LT, Jayashantha P, Chidzonga MM, Komesu MC, Nair RG, Johnson NW. Comorbidities associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (clinical sciences): a workshop report. Oral Dis 2016; 22 Suppl 1:135-48. [PMID: 27109282 PMCID: PMC5986297 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), parsing out the effects of HIV vs ART on health outcomes is challenging. Nadir CD4 count, a marker of the extent of immunosuppression, has significant long-term impact on an array of disease states in HIV+ persons; however, in the dental literature, reporting of pre-ART exposure to immunosuppression has largely been ignored and this limits the validity of previous studies. In Workshop A1, we explain fully the importance of nadir CD4, pre-ART immunosuppression, and identify a need to include specific variables in future research. The questions posed herein are challenging, typically not neatly addressed by any one study and require integration of the latest evidence from the wider medical literature. We consider topics beyond the confines of the oral cavity and examine oral health in the complex context of ART era HIV immunopathophysiology. We depict how variability in geographic setting and time period (pre- and post-ART era) can impact oral conditions - influencing when HIV infection was detected (at what CD4 count), the type and timing of ART as well as social determinants such as strong stigma and limited access to care. We hope our Workshop will stir debate and energize a rigorous focus on relevant areas of future research in HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Vernon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Plp Jayashantha
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia and Dental Hospital, and Sri Lanka Air Force Station Colombo, Sri Lanka, Australia
| | - M M Chidzonga
- College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - M C Komesu
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R G Nair
- Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia and Cancer Services, Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland Health, Qld, Autralia, Australia
| | - N W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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