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Harkness A, Morales V, Atuluru P, Jaramillo J, Safren SA, Balise R, Turner D. PrEP and Behavioral Health Treatment Referral Among HIV Test Counselors in Miami-Dade County: A Rapid Qualitative Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:820-836. [PMID: 37792227 PMCID: PMC11110539 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
HIV test counselors are well positioned to refer individuals to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and behavioral health treatments. HIV test counselors in Miami-Dade County (N = 20), a priority jurisdiction for Ending the HIV Epidemic, completed interviews to assess determinants of PrEP and behavioral health treatment referrals. To identify determinants, we used a rapid deductive qualitative analysis approach and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Identified determinants sometimes served as facilitators (e.g., relative priority, leadership importance) and sometimes as barriers (e.g., lack of access to knowledge and information, available resources for referrals) to making referrals. We also observed differences in determinants between PrEP and behavioral health referrals. For example, complexity (perceived difficulty of the referral) was a barrier to behavioral health more often than PrEP referral. Our findings suggest that determinants across many CFIR domains affect referral implementation, and the corresponding need for multiple implementation strategies to improve implementation of PrEP and behavioral health referrals in the context of HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, 5030 Brunson Dr Coral Gables, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Vanessa Morales
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jahn Jaramillo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Raymond Balise
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - DeAnne Turner
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ekholuenetale M, Rahman SA, Nzoputam CI, Okungbowa OG, Barrow A. Prevalence and factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among cisgender women of reproductive age in Burkina Faso. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057241259350. [PMID: 38813873 PMCID: PMC11143873 DOI: 10.1177/17455057241259350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV remains a global public health concern, and women continue to be disproportionately affected. Understanding the factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among women is crucial as an effective HIV prevention strategy. OBJECTIVES We investigated the prevalence and associated factors of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among women in Burkina Faso. DESIGN This was a cross-section study that used population-based data. METHODS A total of 17,659 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from the 2021 Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. Percentage and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the prevalence and factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness. RESULTS The prevalence of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness was 8.2% (95% confidence interval = 7.8%-8.6%). Women's age was positively associated pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness. Women with primary and secondary education had 39% and 48% higher odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, when compared with women with no formal education. The odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness were 1.40 (95% confidence interval = 1.19-1.66) times higher among Christians when compared with the Muslims. Women who were exposed to mass media including newspaper or magazine, radio, TV, and Internet had higher odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, when compared with those without exposure to mass media channels. Women who have previously tested for HIV had 37% higher odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, when compared with those who have not been tested (adjusted odds ratio = 1.37; 95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.72). CONCLUSION This study found women's age, geographical region, education, religion, exposure to mass media channels, employment, and HIV testing to be associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and public health campaigns to increase awareness and practice to pre-exposure prophylaxis, particularly among key population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ekholuenetale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Semiu Adebayo Rahman
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, Department of Public Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Osaretin Godspower Okungbowa
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- National Institute for Legislative & Democratic Studies, National Assembly, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Amadou Barrow
- Department of Public and Environmental Health, School of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The University of the Gambia, Sere Kunda, The Gambia
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Johnson MM, Brooks N, Amico KR. Missed Opportunities When We Focus only on Risk: Using the Concerns Based Conversation Starter to Identify Potential PrEP Candidates. AIDS Behav 2023:10.1007/s10461-023-03993-6. [PMID: 36692609 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-03993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Collection and use of self-reported HIV sexual risk-behaviors to identify pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates is common practice in PrEP providing and referral services. Critiques of this strategy highlight overreliance on self-report and contribution to ongoing PrEP stigma. As an alternative (or complimentary) approach, we evaluated a 5-item Concerns Based Conversation Starter (CBCS) that could be used to identify individuals who could benefit from PrEP. The CBCS was included in the 2019 cycle of the American Men's Internet Survey. Item responses were characterized overall and in relation to CDC risk-based PrEP indication and reported willingness to use PrEP. In total, 1606 HIV-negative men who have sex with men not on PrEP were evaluated. Of these, 50% were below the age of 25, 11% Black, 16% Latino, and 64% White. Across the sample, 61% (986) met risk-based criteria for PrEP indication, 80% (1278) were identified by the CBCS, and 52% (835) were flagged by both. The CBCS uniquely identified 28% (443) for follow-up PrEP discussions that would have been missed by a risk-based only approach. Only 9% (151) of the sample had risk-based indication but did not report concerns. Over half of those flagged by the CBCS expressed willingness to use PrEP. The CBCS identified more people than a risk-based indication approach, with most also reporting an interest in using PrEP. A small percentage of risk-indicated participants were 'missed' by the CBCS. As PrEP options and access points expand, implementation tools like the CBCS can facilitate more wide-scale, values-focused PrEP implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noah Brooks
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA
| | - K Rivet Amico
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, USA.
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Rao S, Reed AE, Parchem B, Edelman EJ, Magnus M, Hansen NB, Kershaw TS, Earnshaw VA, Krakower DS, Dovidio JF, Mayer KH, Underhill K, Rosenberger JG, Ogburn DF, Betancourt JR, Calabrese SK. Optimizing Provider Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Training: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Recommendations from Providers Across the PrEP Implementation Cascade. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:218-231. [PMID: 34287754 PMCID: PMC8294250 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Expanding PrEP access necessitates training that supports healthcare providers’ progression along the PrEP implementation cascade, moving from PrEP awareness to prescription. We surveyed 359 USA providers about PrEP training content and format recommendations. We examined the association between cascade location and training recommendations. Most providers were aware of PrEP (100%), willing to prescribe PrEP (97.2%), had discussed PrEP with patients (92.2%), and had prescribed PrEP (79.9%). Latent class regression analysis revealed that cascade location was associated with training recommendations. Although all providers recommended PrEP-specific content (e.g., patient eligibility), providers who were located further along the cascade also recommended more comprehensive content, including sexual history-taking and sexual and gender minority competence training. Providers further along the cascade were also more likely to recommend interactive training formats (e.g., role-playing). These insights from providers furthest along the cascade indicate the importance of including comprehensive content and interactive formats in future PrEP training initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Rao
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Washington DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Ashley E Reed
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Benjamin Parchem
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manya Magnus
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nathan B Hansen
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Trace S Kershaw
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Douglas S Krakower
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Underhill
- Population and Family Health and Law, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Joshua G Rosenberger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Damon F Ogburn
- National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Sarah K Calabrese
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Washington DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Dangerfield DT, Kuo I, Magnus M, Beauchamp G, Fields SD, Nelson L, Shoptaw S, Wilton L, Wheeler DP. Sexual Risk Profiles Among Black Sexual Minority Men: Implications for Targeted PrEP Messaging. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2947-2954. [PMID: 34590218 PMCID: PMC9529079 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black gay, bisexual, and other Black sexual minority men (BSMM) continue to experience some of the largest sexual health disparities in the U.S. Engaging BSMM in PrEP is crucial to improving sexual health outcomes and reducing disparities. However, knowledge of the profiles of sexual risk and PrEP initiation among this group is limited. This study used latent class analysis to identify HIV risk and PrEP initiation patterns among BSMM in the HPTN 073 Study (n = 226). Guided by current Centers for Disease Control screening guidelines, latent class indicators included relationship status, condom use, number of sexual partners, substance use, sexually transmitted infection (STI) history, and partner HIV status. Age and PrEP initiation were used in a multinomial regression to identify correlates of class membership. Three latent classes were identified: Single, Condomless Partners, Single, Multiple Partners, and Serodiscordant Partners. Single, Condomless Partners had the highest conditional probabilities of having greater than three male partners, substance use before sex, and receiving an STI diagnosis. Serodiscordant Partners had a 100% conditional probability of condomless sex and having a male partner living with HIV. BSMM who initiated PrEP were less likely to be classified as Single, Condomless Partners than Serodiscordant Partners (AOR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.66). Findings support the need for culturally relevant tailored and targeted messaging for BSMM with multiple sexual risk indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Dangerfield
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Irene Kuo
- George Washington University Milken School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Manya Magnus
- George Washington University Milken School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Sheldon D Fields
- School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leo Wilton
- College of Community and Public Affairs, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Examining the Factors Affecting PrEP Implementation Within Community-Based HIV Testing Sites in Florida: A Mixed Methods Study Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2240-2251. [PMID: 33403517 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV testing/counseling is a critical point during which non-clinical staff could intervene, discuss and/or refer clients for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This analysis investigated the contextual factors affecting PrEP implementation within HIV testing sites. Two generalized linear mixed models were conducted to estimate PrEP implementation as a function of constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Qualitative interviews were analyzed thematically. Data integration occurred via joint analysis and triangulation. Constructs from the CFIR domain Characteristics of Individuals did not predict PrEP implementation when controlling for demographic characteristics; qualitative data signaled divergent findings in PrEP knowledge. Within the CFIR domains Inner and Outer Settings, relevant priority and available resources predicted PrEP implementation; qualitative data confirmed the importance of available resources and provided insight into the impact of cosmopolitanism and leadership. Addressing the contextual factors that affect PrEP implementation may help HIV testing staff to better implement PrEP programs.
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