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Ganesan SM, Peter TK, Withanage MHH, Boksa F, Zeng E, Martinez A, Dabdoub SM, Dhingra K, Hernandez-Kapila Y. COVID-19 associated oral and oropharyngeal microbiome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:603-626. [PMID: 37277934 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are still growing concerns with the emergence of different variants, unknown long- and short-term effects of the virus, and potential biological mechanisms underlying etiopathogenesis and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The role of the microbiome in human physiology and the initiation and progression of several oral and systemic diseases have been actively studied in the past decade. With the proof of viral transmission, carriage, and a potential role in etiopathogenesis, saliva and the oral environment have been a focus of COVID-19 research beyond diagnostic purposes. The oral environment hosts diverse microbial communities and contributes to human oral and systemic health. Several investigations have identified disruptions in the oral microbiome in COVID-19 patients. However, all these studies are cross-sectional in nature and present heterogeneity in study design, techniques, and analysis. Therefore, in this undertaking, we (a) systematically reviewed the current literature associating COVID-19 with changes in the microbiome; (b) performed a re-analysis of publicly available data as a means to standardize the analysis, and (c) reported alterations in the microbial characteristics in COVID-19 patients compared to negative controls. Overall, we identified that COVID-19 is associated with oral microbial dysbiosis with significant reduction in diversity. However, alterations in specific bacterial members differed across the study. Re-analysis from our pipeline shed light on Neisseria as the potential key microbial member associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukirth M Ganesan
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tabitha K Peter
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Miyuraj H H Withanage
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Frank Boksa
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - April Martinez
- Division of Periodontology, University of California at San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shareef M Dabdoub
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kunaal Dhingra
- Periodontology Division, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yvonne Hernandez-Kapila
- Section of Biosystems and Function Periodontics, University of California at Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Dorey RB, Theodosiou AA, Read RC, Vandrevala T, Jones CE. Qualitative interview study exploring the perspectives of pregnant women on participating in controlled human infection research in the UK. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073992. [PMID: 38151279 PMCID: PMC10753751 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnant women have been historically excluded from interventional research. While recent efforts have been made to improve their involvement, there remains a disparity in the evidence base for treatments available to pregnant women compared with the non-pregnant population. A significant barrier to the enrolment of pregnant women within research is risk perception and a poor understanding of decision-making in this population. OBJECTIVE Assess the risk perception and influences on decision-making in pregnant women, when considering whether to enrol in a hypothetical interventional research study. DESIGN Semistructured interviews were undertaken, and thematic analysis was undertaken of participant responses. PARTICIPANTS Twelve pregnant women were enrolled from an antenatal outpatient clinic. RESULTS Participants were unanimously positive about enrolling in the proposed hypothetical interventional study. Risk perception was influenced by potential risks to their fetus and their previous experiences of healthcare and research. Participants found the uncertainty in quantifying risk for new research interventions challenging. They were motivated to enrol in research by altruism and found less invasive research interventions more tolerable. CONCLUSION It is vital to understand how pregnant women balance the perceived risks and benefits of interventional research. This may help clinicians and scientists better communicate risk to pregnant women and address the ongoing under-representation of pregnant women in interventional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Dorey
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Anastasia A Theodosiou
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert C Read
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Tushna Vandrevala
- Centre for Applied Health and Social Care Research, Kingston University and St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Christine E Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Lian X, Liu Z, Wu T, Lou J, Chen Y, Liu S, Jin L, Li S, Lian Y, Jiang Y, Ren Z. Oral microbiome alterations in epilepsy and after seizure control. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1277022. [PMID: 38107849 PMCID: PMC10721976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1277022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The existing diagnostic methods of epilepsy such as history collection and electroencephalogram have great limitations in practice, so more reliable and less difficult diagnostic methods are needed. Methods By characterizing oral microbiota in patients diagnosed with epilepsy (EPs) and patients whose seizures were under control (EPRs), we sought to discover biomarkers for different disease states. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on 480 tongue swabs [157 EPs, 22 EPRs, and 301 healthy controls (HCs)]. Results Compared with normal individuals, patients with epilepsy exhibit increased alpha diversity in their oral microbiota, and the oral microbial communities of the two groups demonstrate significant beta diversity differences. EPs exhibit a significant increase in the abundance of 26 genera, including Streptococcus, Granulicatella, and Kluyvera, while the abundance of 14 genera, including Peptostreptococcus, Neisseria, and Schaalia, is significantly reduced. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of oral microbial markers in the training cohort and validation cohort was 98.85% and 97.23%, respectively. Importantly, the AUC of the biomarker set achieved 92.44% of additional independent validation sets. In addition, EPRs also have their own unique oral community. Conclusion This study describes the characterization of the oral microbiome in EP and EPR and demonstrates the potential of the specific microbiome as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshuo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tan L, Zhong MM, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Dusenge MA, Feng Y, Ye Q, Hu J, Ou-Yang ZY, Zhou YH, Guo Y, Feng YZ. Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1193340. [PMID: 37351182 PMCID: PMC10282655 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate available evidence on the association between the human oral microbiota and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and summarize relevant data obtained during the pandemic. Methods We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for human studies published up to October 2022. The main outcomes of the study were the differences in the diversity (α and β) and composition of the oral microbiota at the phylum and genus levels between patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (CPs) and healthy controls (HCs). We used the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (STRING) and Gene enrichment analysis (Metascape) to evaluate the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) (which is the cell receptor of SARS CoV-2) in oral tissues and evaluate its correlation with viral genes or changes in the oral microbiota. Results Out of 706 studies, a meta-analysis of 9 studies revealed a significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in CPs than in HCs (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.53, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): -0.97 to -0.09). Subgroup meta-analysis revealed a significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in older than younger individuals (SMD: -0.54, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.23/SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -1.18 to 0.14). At the genus level, the most significant changes were in Streptococcus and Neisseria, which had abundances that were significantly higher and lower in CPs than in HCs based on data obtained from six out of eleven and five out of eleven studies, respectively. DPP4 mRNA expression in the oral salivary gland was significantly lower in elderly individuals than in young individuals. Spearman correlation analysis showed that DPP4 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of viral genes. Gene enrichment analysis showed that DPP4-associated proteins were mainly enriched in biological processes, such as regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis of viruses by host cells and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. Conclusion The oral microbial composition in COVID-19 patients was significantly different from that in healthy individuals, especially among elderly individuals. DPP4 may be related to viral infection and dysbiosis of the oral microbiome in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Mei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Yue Ou-Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kazarina A, Kuzmicka J, Bortkevica S, Zayakin P, Kimsis J, Igumnova V, Sadovska D, Freimane L, Kivrane A, Namina A, Capligina V, Poksane A, Ranka R. Oral microbiome variations related to ageing: possible implications beyond oral health. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:116. [PMID: 36920536 PMCID: PMC10016173 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The global population is getting older due to a combination of longer life expectancy and declining birth rates. Growing evidence suggests that the oral microbiota composition and distribution may have a profound effect on how well we age. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related oral microbiome variations of supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa samples in the general population in Latvia. Our results indicated significant difference between supragingival plaque bacterial profiles of three age groups (20-40; 40-60; 60 + years). Within supragingival plaque samples, age group 20-40 showed the highest bacterial diversity with a decline during the 40-60 age period and uprise again after the age of 60. Among other differences, the important oral commensal Neisseria had declined after the age of 40. Additionally, prevalence of two well-documented opportunistic pathogens Streptococcus anginosus and Gemella sanguinis gradually rose with age within our samples. Furthermore, supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa samples significantly differed in overall bacterial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kazarina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | | | - Santa Bortkevica
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str., Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Janis Kimsis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Igumnova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Sadovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Lauma Freimane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Alise Poksane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
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Belachew T, Assefa M, Tefera Z, Fenta A, Biset S. Colonization Rate and Associated Factors of Non-Pathogenic Neisseria Species, and Moraxella catarrhalis Among Healthy School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:369-378. [PMID: 36714354 PMCID: PMC9879043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s395343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although commensal Neisseria species inhabiting mucosal surfaces in the upper respiratory tract (URT) are rarely associated with infections, their presence in the area has been linked to the development of immunity against N. meningitidis and the source of antibiotic resistance determinants in pathogenic species. M. catarrhalis in the oropharynx of children is also a predisposing factor for otitis media. As a result, determining the oropharyngeal carriage rate of these commensal species and associated factors among healthy schoolchildren is substantial. Materials and Methods This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, from January to April 2019. A multi-stage and simple random sampling technique were used to select schools and participants, respectively. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using cotton swabs. Modified Thayer-Martin media was used for primary bacterial isolation, and battery of biochemical tests was performed to identify species. For frequencies, descriptive statistics were computed and the logistic regression model was used to see the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results A total of 524 healthy schoolchildren with a mean age of 12.2 ± 2.74 years participated in this study. The overall oropharyngeal carriage rate was 21.8% (114/524). Of these, N. meningitidis, N. lactamica, N. sicca, and M. catarrhalis were identified in 53 (46.5%), 14 (12.3%), 11 (9.6%), and 36 (31.6%) children, respectively. The culture positivity rate was higher at a younger age, which was 8.1%, 11.3%, and 14.9% in ages between 15-18, 11-14, and 7-10, respectively. The oropharyngeal carriage was significantly associated with the number of students per class (>40). Conclusion There is a higher proportion of carriers of commensal N. lactamica and M. catarrhalis in Gondar town schoolchildren. The oropharyngeal carriage rate was associated with a crowded classroom. The characterization of non-pathogenic Neisseria species and M. catarrhalis in the study area can support the diagnosis of patients suspected of having N. meningitis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Belachew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluneh Assefa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Sirak Biset
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Sirak Biset, Tel +251-911-598-568, Email
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
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Auricular Perichondritis of an Unusual Etiology. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:307-310. [PMID: 36032879 PMCID: PMC9411398 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Auricular perichondritis leading to perichondral abscess is an unusual complication of periauricular surgery. Early identification of the condition with aggressive and timely management is mandated to prevent permanent damage to the auricle. This article demonstrates the first reported case in literature of auricular perichondritis due to Neisseria flava. We discuss the presentation, diagnosis and management of auricular perichondritis in this patient and review mechanisms by which commensals acquire pathogenicity as seen in this report. An awareness of this unusual etiology and mechanisms of acquiring pathogenic nature by commensals will help guide clinicians in optimizing management of such conditions.
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Jia Y, He T, Wu D, Tong J, Zhu J, Li Z, Dong J. The treatment of Qibai Pingfei Capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be mediated by Th17/Treg balance and gut-lung axis microbiota. Lab Invest 2022; 20:281. [PMID: 35729584 PMCID: PMC9210581 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent, progressive respiratory disease, has become the third leading cause of death globally. Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal and pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis is associated with COPD. Researchers have shown that T helper (Th) 17/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance is involved in COPD. Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat COPD clinically in China. However, the effects of QBPF intervention on the Th17/Treg balance and microbiota in the gut and lung are still poorly understood. METHODS This study divided the rats into three groups (n = 8): control, model, and QBPF group. After establishing the model of COPD for four weeks and administering of QBPF for two weeks, Th17 cells, Treg cells, their associated cytokines, transcription factors, and intestinal and pulmonary microbiota of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the correlations between intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and between bacterial genera and pulmonary function and immune function were measured. RESULTS The results revealed that QBPF could improve pulmonary function and contribute to the new balance of Th17/Treg in COPD rats. Meanwhile, QBPF treatment could regulate the composition of intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and improve community structure in COPD rats, suppressing the relative abundance of Coprococcus_2, Prevotella_9, and Blautia in the gut and Mycoplasma in the lung, but accumulating the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 in the gut and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in the lung. Additionally, gut-lung axis was confirmed by the significant correlations between the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota. Functional analysis of microbiota showed amino acid metabolism was altered in COPD rats in the gut and lung. Spearman correlation analysis further enriched the relationship between the microbiota in the gut and lung and pulmonary function and immune function in COPD model rats. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the therapeutic effects of QBPF may be achieved by maintaining the immune cell balance and regulating the gut-lung axis microbiota, providing references to explore the potential biomarkers of COPD and the possible mechanism of QBPF to treat COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian He
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zegeng Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Control on Respiratory Disease, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 117, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Rhodes KA, Ma MC, Rendón MA, So M. Neisseria genes required for persistence identified via in vivo screening of a transposon mutant library. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010497. [PMID: 35580146 PMCID: PMC9140248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms used by human adapted commensal Neisseria to shape and maintain a niche in their host are poorly defined. These organisms are common members of the mucosal microbiota and share many putative host interaction factors with Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Evaluating the role of these shared factors during host carriage may provide insight into bacterial mechanisms driving both commensalism and asymptomatic infection across the genus. We identified host interaction factors required for niche development and maintenance through in vivo screening of a transposon mutant library of Neisseria musculi, a commensal of wild-caught mice which persistently and asymptomatically colonizes the oral cavity and gut of CAST/EiJ and A/J mice. Approximately 500 candidate genes involved in long-term host interaction were identified. These included homologs of putative N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae virulence factors which have been shown to modulate host interactions in vitro. Importantly, many candidate genes have no assigned function, illustrating how much remains to be learned about Neisseria persistence. Many genes of unknown function are conserved in human adapted Neisseria species; they are likely to provide a gateway for understanding the mechanisms allowing pathogenic and commensal Neisseria to establish and maintain a niche in their natural hosts. Validation of a subset of candidate genes confirmed a role for a polysaccharide capsule in N. musculi persistence but not colonization. Our findings highlight the potential utility of the Neisseria musculi-mouse model as a tool for studying the pathogenic Neisseria; our work represents a first step towards the identification of novel host interaction factors conserved across the genus. The Neisseria genus contains many genetically related commensals of animals and humans, and two human pathogens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. The mechanisms allowing commensal Neisseria to maintain a niche in their host is little understood. To identify genes required for persistence, we screened a library of transposon mutants of Neisseria musculi, a commensal of wild-caught mice, in CAST/EiJ mice, which persistently and asymptomatically colonizes. Approximately 500 candidate host interaction genes were identified. A subset of these are homologs of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae genes known to modulate pathogen-host interactions in vitro. Many candidate genes have no known function, demonstrating how much remains to be learned about N. musculi niche maintenance. As many genes of unknown function are conserved in human adapted Neisseria, they provide a gateway for understanding Neisseria persistence mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Rhodes
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Man Cheong Ma
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - María A. Rendón
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Magdalene So
- Immunobiology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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11
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Vanbaelen T, Van Dijck C, Laumen J, Gonzalez N, De Baetselier I, Manoharan-Basil SS, De Block T, Kenyon C. Global epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Neisseria species: A systematic review. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Demirci M. Could Neisseria in oral microbiota modulate the inflammatory response of COVID-19? Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2603-2604. [PMID: 34806814 PMCID: PMC9011821 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
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13
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Custodio R, Ford RM, Ellison CJ, Liu G, Mickute G, Tang CM, Exley RM. Type VI secretion system killing by commensal Neisseria is influenced by expression of type four pili. eLife 2021; 10:63755. [PMID: 34232858 PMCID: PMC8263058 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SSs) are widespread in bacteria and can dictate the development and organisation of polymicrobial ecosystems by mediating contact dependent killing. In Neisseria species, including Neisseria cinerea a commensal of the human respiratory tract, interbacterial contacts are mediated by Type four pili (Tfp) which promote formation of aggregates and govern the spatial dynamics of growing Neisseria microcolonies. Here, we show that N. cinerea expresses a plasmid-encoded T6SS that is active and can limit growth of related pathogens. We explored the impact of Tfp on N. cinerea T6SS-dependent killing within a colony and show that pilus expression by a prey strain enhances susceptibility to T6SS compared to a non-piliated prey, by preventing segregation from a T6SS-wielding attacker. Our findings have important implications for understanding how spatial constraints during contact-dependent antagonism can shape the evolution of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Custodio
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Ford
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cara J Ellison
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerda Mickute
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph M Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M Exley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Jeong J, Kim JS, Lee J, Seo YR, Yi EC, Kim KM. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multivalent Maxibody with a Broad Spectrum of Strain Specificity and Sensitivity for Gonorrhea Diagnosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030484. [PMID: 33807121 PMCID: PMC8004885 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhea is one of the most common, but still hidden and insidious, sexually transmitted diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci). However, the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea are hampered by antigenic variability among gonococci, the lack of acquired immunity, and antimicrobial resistance. Further, strains resistant to cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone, the last line of defense, represent a growing threat, which prompted us to develop gonococci-specific diagnostic antibodies with broad-spectrum binding to gonococci strains to generate gonorrhea-detecting reagents. This study reports the identification of gonococci antibodies via bio-panning on gonococci cells using scFv-phage libraries. Reformatting the lead scFv-phage Clones 1 and 4 to a multivalent scFv1-Fc-scFv4 maxibody increased the sensitivity by up to 20-fold compared to the single scFv-Fc (maxibody) alone. Moreover, the multivalent maxibody showed broader cross-reactivity with clinical isolates and the ceftriaxone antibiotic-resistant World Health Organization (WHO) reference strain L. In contrast, the selected antibodies in the scFv-phage, maxibody, and multivalent maxibody did not bind to N. sicca, N. meningitides, and N. lactamica, suggesting the clinical and pharmaceutical diagnostic value of these selected antibodies for gonorrheal infections. The present study illustrates the advantages and potential application of multivalent maxibodies to develop rapid and sensitive diagnostic reagents for infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Jeong
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Korea;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Junghyeon Lee
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Yu Ri Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Eugene C. Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.C.Y.); (K.M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8926 (E.C.Y.); +82-33-250-8382 (K.M.K.); Fax: +82-2-3673-2167 (E.C.Y.); +82-33-250-8382 (K.M.K.)
| | - Kristine M. Kim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea;
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.C.Y.); (K.M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8926 (E.C.Y.); +82-33-250-8382 (K.M.K.); Fax: +82-2-3673-2167 (E.C.Y.); +82-33-250-8382 (K.M.K.)
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15
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de Block T, Laumen JGE, Van Dijck C, Abdellati S, De Baetselier I, Manoharan-Basil SS, Van den Bossche D, Kenyon C. WGS of Commensal Neisseria Reveals Acquisition of a New Ribosomal Protection Protein (MsrD) as a Possible Explanation for High Level Azithromycin Resistance in Belgium. Pathogens 2021; 10:384. [PMID: 33806962 PMCID: PMC8005064 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized all oropharyngeal and anorectal isolates of Neisseria spp. in a cohort of men who have sex with men. This resulted in a panel of pathogenic Neisseria (N. gonorrhoeae [n = 5] and N. meningitidis [n = 5]) and nonpathogenic Neisseria (N. subflava [n = 11], N. mucosa [n = 3] and N. oralis [n = 2]). A high proportion of strains in this panel were resistant to azithromycin (18/26) and ceftriaxone (3/26). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of these strains identified numerous mutations that are known to confer reduced susceptibility to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in N. gonorrhoeae. The presence or absence of these known mutations did not explain the high level resistance to azithromycin (>256 mg/L) in the nonpathogenic isolates (8/16). After screening for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, we found a ribosomal protection protein, Msr(D), in these highly azithromycin resistant nonpathogenic strains. The complete integration site originated from Streptococcus pneumoniae and is associated with high level resistance to azithromycin in many other bacterial species. This novel AMR resistance mechanism to azithromycin in nonpathogenic Neisseria could be a public health concern if it were to be transmitted to pathogenic Neisseria. This study demonstrates the utility of WGS-based surveillance of nonpathogenic Neisseria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Block
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
| | - Jolein Gyonne Elise Laumen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Dijck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Said Abdellati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
| | - Irith De Baetselier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
| | - Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
| | - Dorien Van den Bossche
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
| | - Chris Kenyon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (T.d.B.); (J.G.E.L.); (C.V.D.); (S.A.); (I.D.B.); (S.S.M.-B.); (D.V.d.B.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
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16
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Cugini C, Ramasubbu N, Tsiagbe VK, Fine DH. Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617485. [PMID: 33763040 PMCID: PMC7982844 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of microbiology and immunology with regard to caries and periodontal disease gained substantial clinical or research consideration in the mid 1960's. This enhanced emphasis related to several simple but elegant experiments illustrating the relevance of bacteria to oral infections. Since that point, the understanding of oral diseases has become increasingly sophisticated and many of the original hypotheses related to disease causality have either been abandoned or amplified. The COVID pandemic has reminded us of the importance of history relative to infectious diseases and in the words of Churchill "those who fail to learn from history are condemned to repeat it." This review is designed to present an overview of broad general directions of research over the last 60 years in oral microbiology and immunology, reviewing significant contributions, indicating emerging foci of interest, and proposing future directions based on technical advances and new understandings. Our goal is to review this rich history (standard microbiology and immunology) and point to potential directions in the future (omics) that can lead to a better understanding of disease. Over the years, research scientists have moved from a position of downplaying the role of bacteria in oral disease to one implicating bacteria as true pathogens that cause disease. More recently it has been proposed that bacteria form the ecological first line of defense against "foreign" invaders and also serve to train the immune system as an acquired host defensive stimulus. While early immunological research was focused on immunological exposure as a modulator of disease, the "hygiene hypothesis," and now the "old friends hypothesis" suggest that the immune response could be trained by bacteria for long-term health. Advanced "omics" technologies are currently being used to address changes that occur in the host and the microbiome in oral disease. The "omics" methodologies have shaped the detection of quantifiable biomarkers to define human physiology and pathologies. In summary, this review will emphasize the role that commensals and pathobionts play in their interaction with the immune status of the host, with a prediction that current "omic" technologies will allow researchers to better understand disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cugini
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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17
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Custodio R, Johnson E, Liu G, Tang CM, Exley RM. Commensal Neisseria cinerea impairs Neisseria meningitidis microcolony development and reduces pathogen colonisation of epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008372. [PMID: 32208456 PMCID: PMC7092958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly being recognised that the interplay between commensal and pathogenic bacteria can dictate the outcome of infection. Consequently, there is a need to understand how commensals interact with their human host and influence pathogen behaviour at epithelial surfaces. Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis, exclusively colonises the human nasopharynx and shares this niche with several other Neisseria species, including the commensal Neisseria cinerea. Here, we demonstrate that during adhesion to human epithelial cells N. cinerea co-localises with molecules that are also recruited by the meningococcus, and show that, similar to N. meningitidis, N. cinerea forms dynamic microcolonies on the cell surface in a Type four pilus (Tfp) dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that N. cinerea colocalises with N. meningitidis on the epithelial cell surface, limits the size and motility of meningococcal microcolonies, and impairs the effective colonisation of epithelial cells by the pathogen. Our data establish that commensal Neisseria can mimic and affect the behaviour of a pathogen on epithelial cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Custodio
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph M. Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Exley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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