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Yue NN, Xu HM, Xu J, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Yao J, Liang YJ, Li DF, Wang LS. Application of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Complete Future Perspective. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4143-4170. [PMID: 37525691 PMCID: PMC10387254 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s413141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases currently relies primarily on invasive procedures like digestive endoscopy. However, these procedures can cause discomfort, respiratory issues, and bacterial infections in patients, both during and after the examination. In recent years, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising field, providing significant advancements in diagnostic techniques. Nanoprobes, in particular, offer distinct advantages, such as high specificity and sensitivity in detecting GI diseases. Integration of nanoprobes with advanced imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, optical fluorescence imaging, tomography, and optical correlation tomography, has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities for GI tumors and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This synergy enables early diagnosis and precise staging of GI disorders. Among the nanoparticles investigated for clinical applications, superparamagnetic iron oxide, quantum dots, single carbon nanotubes, and nanocages have emerged as extensively studied and utilized agents. This review aimed to provide insights into the potential applications of nanoparticles in modern imaging techniques, with a specific focus on their role in facilitating early and specific diagnosis of a range of GI disorders, including IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, we discussed the challenges associated with the implementation of nanotechnology-based GI diagnostics and explored future prospects for translation in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Ochi T, Nishiofuku H, Kure T, Saito N, Taiji R, Marugami N, Tanaka T, Sakai H. Development of liposomal contrast agent with high iodine concentration and minimal effect on renal function. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101473. [PMID: 37180756 PMCID: PMC10172707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of contrast media is essential to achieve high accuracy in diagnostic imaging. Iodine contrast media, one of these contrast media, has nephrotoxicity as a side effect. Therefore, the development of iodine contrast media that can reduce nephrotoxicity is expected. Since liposomes are generally adjustable in size (100-300 nm) and are not filtered by the renal glomerulus, we hypothesized that iodine contrast media could be encapsulated in liposomes and administered to avoid the nephrotoxicity of iodine contrast media. The aim of this study is to develop an iomeprol-containing liposome (IPL) agent with high iodine concentration and to investigate the effect of intravenous administration of IPL on renal function in a rat model with chronic kidney injury. Materials and methods IPLs were prepared by encapsulating an iomeprol (400mgI/mL) solution in liposomes by a kneading method using a rotation-revolution mixer. Radiodensities of iomeprol and IPL were measured. IPL or iopamidol at normal dose (0.74 g I/kg) or high dose (3.7 g I/kg) was administered to healthy and 5/6-nephrectomized rats (n = 3-6). Serum creatinine (sCr) and histopathological change of tubular epithelial cells were evaluated after injection. Results The iodine concentration of IPL was 220.7 mgI/mL, equivalent to 55.2% of the iodine concentration of iomeprol. The CT values of IPL was 4731.6 ± 53.2 HU, 59.04% that of iomeprol. The ratios of change in sCr in 5/6-nephrectomized rats that received high-dose iopamidol were 0.73, which were significantly higher than that in 5/6-nephrectomized rats that received high-dose IPL (-0.03) (p = 0.006). Change in foamy degeneration of tubular epithelial cells was confirmed in 5/6-nephrectomized rats that received high-dose iopamidol than that in the sham control group and healthy rats that received normal dose iopamiron (p = 0.016, p = 0.032, respectively). Foamy degeneration of tubular epitherial cells was rarely observed in the IPL injection group. Conclusions We developed new liposomal contrast agents that have high iodine concentration and minimal effect on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ochi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nishiofuku
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Corresponding author. Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kure
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Natsuhiko Saito
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Taiji
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Marugami
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Efficient oral delivery of water-soluble CT contrast agent using an W1/O/W2 alginate hydrogel matrix. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Usefulness of microfocus computed tomography in life science research: preliminary study using murine micro-hepatic tumor models. Surg Today 2021; 52:715-720. [PMID: 34694491 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) has not been widely used at high radiation intensity (industrial micro-CT) in life science fields. In this preliminary study, we investigated its potential value in the detection of micro-hepatic tumors in a mouse model. METHODS The liver with micro-hepatic tumors was surgically resected en-bloc from mice, and examined with industrial micro-CT and lower intensity micro-CT (small animal micro-CT). The number of hepatic tumors was manually counted on serial images. Then, the accuracy of each technique was determined by preparing matching liver sections and comparing the number of tumors identified in a conventional pathological examination. RESULTS The number of hepatic tumors evaluated with industrial micro-CT showed high concordance with the results of the pathological examinations (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.984; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.959-0.994). On the other hand, the number of hepatic tumors evaluated with the small animal micro-CT showed low concordance with the number identified in the pathological examinations (ICC: 0.533; 95% CI 0.181-0.815). CONCLUSION Industrial micro-CT improved the detection of small structures in resected specimens, and might be a promising solution for life science research.
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Badea CT. Principles of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Koç MM, Aslan N, Kao AP, Barber AH. Evaluation of X-ray tomography contrast agents: A review of production, protocols, and biological applications. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:812-848. [PMID: 30786098 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography is a strong tool that finds many applications both in medical applications and in the investigation of biological and nonbiological samples. In the clinics, X-ray tomography is widely used for diagnostic purposes whose three-dimensional imaging in high resolution helps physicians to obtain detailed image of investigated regions. Researchers in biological sciences and engineering use X-ray tomography because it is a nondestructive method to assess the structure of their samples. In both medical and biological applications, visualization of soft tissues and structures requires special treatment, in which special contrast agents are used. In this detailed report, molecule-based and nanoparticle-based contrast agents used in biological applications to enhance the image quality were compiled and reported. Special contrast agent applications and protocols to enhance the contrast for the biological applications and works to develop nanoparticle contrast agents to enhance the contrast for targeted drug delivery and general imaging applications were also assessed and listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mümin Mehmet Koç
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Naim Aslan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Alexander P Kao
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Liu CN, Morin J, Dokmanovich M, Bluette CT, Goldstein R, Manickam B, Bagi CM. Nanoparticle contrast-enhanced micro-CT: A preclinical tool for the 3D imaging of liver and spleen in longitudinal mouse studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 96:67-77. [PMID: 30738209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery and development, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has gained increasing importance over the past decades. In recent years, micro-CT imaging of soft tissues has become popular due to the introduction of a variety of radiopaque contrast agents. More recently, nanoparticle-based ExiTron nano 12,000 has become commercially available for the nonclinical micro-CT imaging of soft tissues in rodents. Phagocytosis and accumulation of the contrast agent by Kupffer cells in the liver, as well as macrophages in the spleen, increase the soft tissue X-ray attenuation for up to 6 months. Therefore, it is essential to understand the potential toxicity of this nanomaterial in micro-CT imaging prior to its application in pharmacology and/or toxicology studies. Herein, we describe the time-course and distribution of the contrast in the liver, spleen and blood after a single intravenous injection (IV) of this nanoparticle contrast agent at 0.1 ml/mouse. Thoracic images of male adult C57BL/6 mice were acquired using a Bruker SkyScan 1276 micro-CT over a period of 29 days. The stability of X-ray attenuation enhancement in the above tissues was also tested after a single dose of Kupffer cell toxicant gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) at 15 mg/kg on day 2. The liver, spleen and kidney were examined microscopically on days 15 and 29 post treatment. Serum and liver cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IP-10, MIP1-α, MIP1-β and TNF-α) were quantified on days 15 and 29 as indicators of a pro-inflammatory response to treatment. This study determined that there was an accumulation of amphophilic granular material in the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system in the liver and spleen following a single dose of ExiTron nano 12,000 and a second dose of GdCl3 or its vehicle. However, ExiTron nano12000 contrast administration did not cause any hepatotoxicity in the liver, nor did pro-inflammatory cytokines release in the liver or serum. Similarly, there were no adverse pathologies in the spleen or kidneys. In summary, ExiTron nano12000 contrast agent-enhanced micro-CT could be used as a safe method in up to 29-day longitudinal efficacy and toxicology mouse studies for the non-invasive assessment of the liver and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ning Liu
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cedo M Bagi
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Hutchinson JC, Shelmerdine SC, Simcock IC, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. Early clinical applications for imaging at microscopic detail: microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT). Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20170113. [PMID: 28368658 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfocus CT (micro-CT) has traditionally been used in industry and preclinical studies, although it may find new applicability in the routine clinical setting. It can provide high-resolution three-dimensional digital imaging data sets to the same level of detail as microscopic examination without the need for tissue dissection. Micro-CT is already enabling non-invasive detailed internal assessment of various tissue specimens, particularly in breast imaging and early gestational fetal autopsy, not previously possible from more conventional modalities such as MRI or CT. In this review, we discuss the technical aspects behind micro-CT image acquisition, how early work with small animal studies have informed our knowledge of human disease and the imaging performed so far on human tissue specimens. We conclude with potential future clinical applications of this novel and emerging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ciaran Hutchinson
- 1 Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- 2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,3 Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian C Simcock
- 2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,3 Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- 1 Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- 2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,3 Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Lauber DT, Fülöp A, Kovács T, Szigeti K, Máthé D, Szijártó A. State of the art in vivo imaging techniques for laboratory animals. Lab Anim 2017; 51:465-478. [PMID: 28948893 DOI: 10.1177/0023677217695852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, imaging devices have become indispensable tools in the basic sciences, in preclinical research and in modern drug development. The rapidly evolving high-resolution in vivo imaging technologies provide a unique opportunity for studying biological processes of living organisms in real time on a molecular level. State of the art small-animal imaging modalities provide non-invasive images rich in quantitative anatomical and functional information, which renders longitudinal studies possible allowing precise monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy in models of different diseases. The number of animals in a scientific investigation can be substantially reduced using imaging techniques, which is in full compliance with the ethical endeavours for the 3R (reduction, refinement, replacement) policies formulated by Russell and Burch; furthermore, biological variability can be alleviated, as each animal serves as its own control. The most suitable and commonly used imaging modalities for in vivo small-animal imaging are optical imaging (OI), ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and finally the methods of nuclear medicine: positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tibor Lauber
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Fülöp
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 3 CROmed Translational Research Centers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijártó
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Laeseke PF, Chen R, Jeffrey RB, Brentnall TA, Willmann JK. Combining in Vitro Diagnostics with in Vivo Imaging for Earlier Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Challenges and Solutions. Radiology 2016; 277:644-61. [PMID: 26599925 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015141020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and is associated with a dismal prognosis, particularly when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Overall survival is significantly improved if PDAC is detected at an early stage prior to the onset of symptoms. At present, there is no suitable screening strategy for the general population. Available diagnostic serum markers are not sensitive or specific enough, and clinically available imaging modalities are inadequate for visualizing early-stage lesions. In this article, the role of currently available blood biomarkers and imaging tests for the early detection of PDAC will be reviewed. Also, the emerging biomarkers and molecularly targeted imaging agents being developed to improve the specificity of current imaging modalities for PDAC will be discussed. A strategy incorporating blood biomarkers and molecularly targeted imaging agents could lead to improved screening and earlier detection of PDAC in the future. (©) RSNA, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Laeseke
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Ru Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - R Brooke Jeffrey
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Teresa A Brentnall
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
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Ashton JR, West JL, Badea CT. In vivo small animal micro-CT using nanoparticle contrast agents. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:256. [PMID: 26581654 PMCID: PMC4631946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most valuable modalities for in vivo imaging because it is fast, high-resolution, cost-effective, and non-invasive. Moreover, CT is heavily used not only in the clinic (for both diagnostics and treatment planning) but also in preclinical research as micro-CT. Although CT is inherently effective for lung and bone imaging, soft tissue imaging requires the use of contrast agents. For small animal micro-CT, nanoparticle contrast agents are used in order to avoid rapid renal clearance. A variety of nanoparticles have been used for micro-CT imaging, but the majority of research has focused on the use of iodine-containing nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Both nanoparticle types can act as highly effective blood pool contrast agents or can be targeted using a wide variety of targeting mechanisms. CT imaging can be further enhanced by adding spectral capabilities to separate multiple co-injected nanoparticles in vivo. Spectral CT, using both energy-integrating and energy-resolving detectors, has been used with multiple contrast agents to enable functional and molecular imaging. This review focuses on new developments for in vivo small animal micro-CT using novel nanoparticle probes applied in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Ashton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA ; Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Cristian T Badea
- Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
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Hua XW, Lu TF, Li DW, Wang WG, Li J, Liu ZZ, Lin WW, Zhang JJ, Xia Q. Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography using ExiTron nano6000 for assessment of liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8043-8051. [PMID: 26185375 PMCID: PMC4499346 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the potential of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using ExiTron nano6000 for assessment of liver lesions in mouse models.
METHODS: Three mouse models of liver lesions were used: bile duct ligation (BDL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN), and alcohol. After injection with the contrast agent ExiTron nano6000, the mice were scanned with micro-CT. Liver lesions were evaluated using CECT images, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and serum aminotransferase levels. Macrophage distribution in the injury models was shown by immunohistochemical staining of CD68. The in vitro studies measured the densities of RAW264.7 under different conditions by CECT.
RESULTS: In the in vitro studies, CECT provided specific and strong contrast enhancement of liver in mice. CECT could present heterogeneous images and densities of injured livers induced by BDL, LPS/D-GalN, and alcohol. The liver histology and immunochemistry of CD68 demonstrated that both dilated biliary tracts and necrosis in the injured livers could lead to the heterogeneous distribution of macrophages. The in vitro study showed that the RAW264.7 cell masses had higher densities after LPS activation.
CONCLUSION: Micro-CT with the contrast agent ExiTron nano6000 is feasible for detecting various liver lesions by emphasizing the heterogeneous textures and densities of CECT images.
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Shin H, Cho YM, Lee K, Lee CH, Choi BW, Kim B. Synthesis and characterization of ethosomal contrast agents containing iodine for computed tomography (CT) imaging applications. J Liposome Res 2013; 24:124-9. [PMID: 24188576 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.850592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As a first step in the development of novel liver-specific contrast agents using ethosomes for computed tomography (CT) imaging applications, we entrapped iodine within ethosomes, which are phospholipid vesicular carriers containing relatively high alcohol concentrations, synthesized using several types of alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol. The iodine containing ethosomes that were prepared using methanol showed the smallest vesicle size (392 nm) and the highest CT density (1107 HU). The incorporation of cholesterol into the ethosomal contrast agents improved the stability of the ethosomes but made the vesicle size large. The ethosomal contrast agents were taken up well by macrophage cells and showed no cellular toxicity. The results demonstrated that ethosomes containing iodine, as prepared in this study, have potential as contrast agents for applications in CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul , Korea
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Comparison of Fenestra LC, ExiTron nano 6000, and ExiTron nano 12000 for micro-CT imaging of liver and spleen in mice. Acad Radiol 2013; 20:1137-43. [PMID: 23931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare different contrast agents for longitudinal liver and spleen imaging in a mouse model of liver metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice developing liver metastases underwent longitudinal micro-computed tomography imaging after injection of Fenestra LC, ExiTron nano 6000, or ExiTron nano 12000. Elimination times and contrast enhancement of liver and spleen were compared. RESULTS For all contrast agents, liver contrast peaked at approximately 4 hours and spleen contrast at 48 hours postinjection. A single dose of 100 μL of ExiTron nano 6000 or 12000 resulted in longstanding enhancement of liver and spleen tissue for longer than 3 weeks, whereas repeated injections of 400 μL of Fenestra LC were required to retain contrast at acceptable levels and allowed imaging of the liver/spleen for up to 2 and 9 days, respectively. CONCLUSION Both ExiTron nano agents provide longer and stronger contrast enhancement of liver and spleen compared to Fenestra LC, and they do so at a 75% lower injection volume in mice.
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Nanotechnology for Computed Tomography: A Real Potential Recently Disclosed. Pharm Res 2013; 31:20-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Na B, Choi BW, Kim B. Size and CT density of iodine-containing ethosomal vesicles obtained by membrane extrusion: Potential for use as CT contrast agents. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1347-53. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lee N, Choi SH, Hyeon T. Nano-sized CT contrast agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2641-60. [PMID: 23553799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most widely used clinical imaging modalities. In order to increase the sensitivity of CT, small iodinated compounds are used as injectable contrast agents. However, the iodinated contrast agents are excreted through the kidney and have short circulation times. This rapid renal clearance not only restricts in vivo applications that require long circulation times but also sometimes induces serious adverse effects related to the excretion pathway. In addition, the X-ray attenuation of iodine is not efficient for clinical CT that uses high-energy X-ray. Due to these limitations, nano-sized iodinated CT contrast agents have been developed that can increase the circulation time and decrease the adverse effects. In addition to iodine, nanoparticles based on heavy atoms such as gold, lanthanides, and tantalum are used as more efficient CT contrast agents. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses made in nano-sized CT contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohyun Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744 South Korea
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Lusic
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
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Bernsen MR, Ruggiero A, van Straten M, Kotek G, Haeck JC, Wielopolski PA, Krestin GP. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013. [PMID: 23179877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10853-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging in Oncology is rapidly moving from the detection and size measurement of a lesion to the quantitative assessment of metabolic processes and cellular and molecular interactions. Increasing insights into cancer as a complex disease with involvement of the tumor stroma in tumor pathobiological processes have made it clear that for successful control of cancer, treatment strategies should not only be directed at the tumor cells but also targeted at the tumor microenvironment. This requires understanding of the complex molecular and cellular interactions in cancer tissue. Recent developments in imaging technology have increased the possibility to image various pathobiological processes in cancer development and response to treatment. For computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) various improvements in hardware, software, and imaging probes have lifted these modalities from classical anatomical imaging techniques to techniques suitable to image and quantify various physiological processes and molecular and cellular interactions. Next to a more general overview of possible imaging targets in oncology this chapter provides an overview of the various developments in CT and MRI technology and some specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Boll H, Nittka S, Doyon F, Neumaier M, Marx A, Kramer M, Groden C, Brockmann MA. Micro-CT based experimental liver imaging using a nanoparticulate contrast agent: a longitudinal study in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25692. [PMID: 21984939 PMCID: PMC3184160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro-CT imaging of liver disease in mice relies on high soft tissue contrast to detect small lesions like liver metastases. Purpose of this study was to characterize the localization and time course of contrast enhancement of a nanoparticular alkaline earth metal-based contrast agent (VISCOVER ExiTron nano) developed for small animal liver CT imaging. Methodology ExiTron nano 6000 and ExiTron nano 12000, formulated for liver/spleen imaging and angiography, respectively, were intravenously injected in C57BL/6J-mice. The distribution and time course of contrast enhancement were analysed by repeated micro-CT up to 6 months. Finally, mice developing liver metastases after intrasplenic injection of colon carcinoma cells underwent longitudinal micro-CT imaging after a single injection of ExiTron nano. Principal Findings After a single injection of ExiTron nano the contrast of liver and spleen peaked after 4–8 hours, lasted up to several months and was tolerated well by all mice. In addition, strong contrast enhancement of abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes and the adrenal glands was observed. Within the first two hours after injection, particularly ExiTron nano 12000 provided pronounced contrast for imaging of vascular structures. ExiTron nano facilitated detection of liver metastases and provided sufficient contrast for longitudinal observation of tumor development over weeks. Conclusions The nanoparticulate contrast agents ExiTron nano 6000 and 12000 provide strong contrast of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and adrenal glands up to weeks, hereby allowing longitudinal monitoring of pathological processes of these organs in small animals, with ExiTron nano 12000 being particularly optimized for angiography due to its very high initial vessel contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Boll
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nittka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Doyon
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Kramer
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A. Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Evaluation of a continuous-rotation, high-speed scanning protocol for micro-computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2011; 35:517-23. [PMID: 21765313 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e31821c662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Micro-computed tomography is used frequently in preclinical in vivo research. Limiting factors are radiation dose and long scan times. The purpose of the study was to compare a standard step-and-shoot to a continuous-rotation, high-speed scanning protocol. METHODS Micro-computed tomography of a lead grid phantom and a rat femur was performed using a step-and-shoot and a continuous-rotation protocol. Detail discriminability and image quality were assessed by 3 radiologists. The signal-to-noise ratio and the modulation transfer function were calculated, and volumetric analyses of the femur were performed. The radiation dose of the scan protocols was measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters. RESULTS The 40-second continuous-rotation protocol allowed a detail discriminability comparable to the step-and-shoot protocol at significantly lower radiation doses. No marked differences in volumetric or qualitative analyses were observed. CONCLUSIONS Continuous-rotation micro-computed tomography significantly reduces scanning time and radiation dose without relevantly reducing image quality compared with a normal step-and-shoot protocol.
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Garrido-Urbani S, Jemelin S, Deffert C, Carnesecchi S, Basset O, Szyndralewiez C, Heitz F, Page P, Montet X, Michalik L, Arbiser J, Rüegg C, Krause KH, Imhof B. Targeting vascular NADPH oxidase 1 blocks tumor angiogenesis through a PPARα mediated mechanism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14665. [PMID: 21326871 PMCID: PMC3034713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, ROS, are regulators of endothelial cell migration, proliferation and survival, events critically involved in angiogenesis. Different isoforms of ROS-generating NOX enzymes are expressed in the vasculature and provide distinct signaling cues through differential localization and activation. We show that mice deficient in NOX1, but not NOX2 or NOX4, have impaired angiogenesis. NOX1 expression and activity is increased in primary mouse and human endothelial cells upon angiogenic stimulation. NOX1 silencing decreases endothelial cell migration and tube-like structure formation, through the inhibition of PPARα, a regulator of NF-κB. Administration of a novel NOX-specific inhibitor reduced angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo in a PPARα dependent manner. In conclusion, vascular NOX1 is a critical mediator of angiogenesis and an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Gene Targeting
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/physiology
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- PPAR alpha/genetics
- PPAR alpha/physiology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Pyridones/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Garrido-Urbani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Jemelin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Deffert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Carnesecchi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Basset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Montet
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Michalik
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karl Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat Imhof
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Rodt T, Luepke M, Boehm C, von Falck C, Stamm G, Borlak J, Seifert H, Galanski M. Phantom and cadaver measurements of dose and dose distribution in micro-CT of the chest in mice. Acta Radiol 2011; 52:75-80. [PMID: 21498330 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2010.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-computed tomography (CT) allows high-resolution imaging of the chest in mice for small animal research with a significant radiation dose applied. PURPOSE To report on measurement of the applied radiation dose using different scan protocols in micro-CT of the chest in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Repetitive dose measurements were performed for four different micro-CT protocols (with/without respiratory gating) and for micro-CT fluoroscopy used for chest imaging. Measurements were carried out using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) in mouse cadavers and in a PMMA phantom allowing measurement of the radiation dose in the direct path of rays and assessment of scattered radiation. RESULTS The dose measured inside and outside the chests of the cadavers varied between 190 und 210 mGy, respectively. The expected mean doses in mice in the direct path of rays for the four examined micro-CT protocols varied between 170 and 280 mGy. The mean values for 1 and 5 minutes of fluoroscopy were 17 mGy and 105 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSION The measured dose values are similar to the dose values for micro-CT of the chest reported so far. A relevant dose can be delivered by micro-CT of the chest, which could possibly interact with small animal studies. Therefore, the applied dose for a specific protocol should be known and adverse radiation effects be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rodt
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Medicine
| | - Matthias Luepke
- Institute for General Radiology and Medical Physics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Boehm
- Institute for General Radiology and Medical Physics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian von Falck
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Medicine
| | - Georg Stamm
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Medicine
| | - Hermann Seifert
- Institute for General Radiology and Medical Physics; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Sandhu GS, Solorio L, Broome AM, Salem N, Kolthammer J, Shah T, Flask C, Duerk JL. Whole animal imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 2:398-421. [PMID: 20836038 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Translational research plays a vital role in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of human diseases, and hence development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options for their management. After creating an animal disease model, pathophysiologic changes and effects of a therapeutic intervention on them are often evaluated on the animals using immunohistologic or imaging techniques. In contrast to the immunohistologic techniques, the imaging techniques are noninvasive and hence can be used to investigate the whole animal, oftentimes in a single exam which provides opportunities to perform longitudinal studies and dynamic imaging of the same subject, and hence minimizes the experimental variability, requirement for the number of animals, and the time to perform a given experiment. Whole animal imaging can be performed by a number of techniques including x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and bioluminescence imaging, among others. Individual imaging techniques provide different kinds of information regarding the structure, metabolism, and physiology of the animal. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, and none serves every purpose of image acquisition from all regions of an animal. In this review, a broad overview of basic principles, available contrast mechanisms, applications, challenges, and future prospects of many imaging techniques employed for whole animal imaging is provided. Our main goal is to briefly describe the current state of art to researchers and advanced students with a strong background in the field of animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicolas Salem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeff Kolthammer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tejas Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chris Flask
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Duerk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Kagadis GC, Loudos G, Katsanos K, Langer SG, Nikiforidis GC. In vivosmall animal imaging: Current status and future prospects. Med Phys 2010; 37:6421-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT)-imaging potential of iopromide-carrying liposomes (SPC/CH/SPG, 6:3:1) of approximately 200 nm in diameter in healthy rabbits and in rabbits with implanted liver tumors in an intraindividual comparison with iopromide. Normal rabbits and animals with VX2 tumors implanted into the liver received iopromide (600 mg of iodine/kg, bolus injection) and, 1 or 2 days later, iopromide liposomes (300 mg of iodine/kg, bolus injection or 10-minute infusion). CT imaging up to 1 hour after administration was performed, focusing on the aorta, vena cava, kidney, spleen, and liver. Pharmacokinetic parameters for CT enhancement were calculated. Detectability and delineation of liver lesions were assessed on a 4-grade scale, and differences were evaluated statistically. Using half the iodine dose, iopromide liposomes achieved similar blood-pool enhancement as iopromide. Detectability and delineation of liver lesions were easy/good in the arterial phase after iopromide injection, but poor in the venous and equilibration phases. Iopromide liposomes resulted in a long-lasting, good detectability and delineation of liver lesions similar or superior to that observed after iopromide in the arterial phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Krause
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, X-Ray Contrast Media Research, Berlin, Germany.
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28
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Iodinated blood pool contrast media for preclinical X-ray imaging applications – A review. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6249-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Okada M, Isoda T, Kumano S, Kagawa Y, Araki T, Onishi H, Hori M, Kim T, Motokui Y, Wada T, Murakami T. Serine- and mannose-modified liposomal contrast agent for computed tomography: evaluation of the enhancement in rabbit liver VX-2 tumor model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:140-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wyss C, Schaefer SC, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Lagopoulos L, Lehr HA, Becker CD, Montet X. Molecular imaging by micro-CT: specific E-selectin imaging. Eur Radiol 2009; 19:2487-94. [PMID: 19440717 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to design a fluorescent E-selectin-targeted iodine-containing liposome for specific E-selectin imaging with the use of micro-CT. The secondary goal was to correlate the results of micro-CT imaging with other imaging techniques with cellular resolution, i.e., confocal and intravital microscopy. E-selectin-targeted liposomes were tested on endothelial cells in culture and in vivo in HT-29 tumor-bearing mice (n = 12). The liposomes contained iodine (as micro-CT contrast medium) and fluorophore (as optical contrast medium) for confocal and intravital microscopy. Optical imaging methods were used to confirm at the cellular level, the observations made with micro-CT. An ischemia-reperfusion model was used to trigger neovessel formation for intravital imaging. The E-selectin-targeted liposomes were avidly taken up by activated endothelial cells, whereas nontargeted liposomes were not. Direct binding of the E-selectin-targeted liposomes was proved by intravital microscopy, where bright spots clearly appeared on the activated vessels. Micro-CT imaging also demonstrated accumulation of the targeted lipsomes into subcutaneous tumor by an increase of 32 + or - 8 HU. Hence, internalization by activated endothelial cells was rapid and mediated by E-selectin. We conclude that micro-CT associated with specific molecular contrast agent is able to detect specific molecular markers on activated vessel walls in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wyss
- University Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Schambach SJ, Bag S, Steil V, Isaza C, Schilling L, Groden C, Brockmann MA. Ultrafast High-Resolution In Vivo Volume-CTA of Mice Cerebral Vessels. Stroke 2009; 40:1444-50. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.521740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Schambach
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simona Bag
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Steil
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cristina Isaza
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar Schilling
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A. Brockmann
- From the Departments of Neuroradiology (S.S., S.B., C.I., C.G., M.A.B.), Radiation Oncology (V.S.), and Neurosurgical Research (L.S.), University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
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