Sonographic Diagnosis of Periorbital Dermoid Cyst

[Frontozygomatic dermoid cysts]

Dermoid cysts are embryological derivatives from soft tissues. They result from an ectodermic inclusion in the mesoderm, during the early embryonic development. These cysts have a slow development and are mostly encountered in the pediatric population. Eighty percent of them are located in the head and neck area, and most of them are on the frontozygomatic suture. They are superficial or deep on clinical examination. The diagnosis is mostly easy, sometimes with the help of radiological examination. The confirmation is histological. Surgical removed by an open approach, without cyst rupture is the gold standard treatment.

Ultrasonographic Spectrum of Cutaneous Cysts With Stratified Squamous Epithelium in Pediatric Dermatology: Pictorial Essay

High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) is an important diagnostic method in dermatology, especially in pediatric population. The most common type of cutaneous cysts in children corresponds to cysts with stratified squamous epithelium (CSSE). The objective is to present the different ultrasonographic appearance of histologically proven CSSE in a retrospective review. Epidermoid, milium, trichilemmal, dermoid, and pilonidal cyst and steatocystomas are included. Utility of HRUS in diagnosis of cutaneous lesions is well established. It is important to know-and stay updated-about the wide spectrum of ultrasonographic appearance of CSSE in order to avoid misleading diagnoses.

Orbital and periorbital dermoid cysts: a retrospective analysis of 270 lesions

PURPOSE

To report the clinical characteristics and intraoperative findings of periorbital and orbital dermoid cysts and their relationship to location and rupture.

METHODS

Retrospective review of 270 cases with orbital or periorbital dermoid cysts that presented over a period of 11 years. Patients were included if diagnosis of dermoid cyst was made by histopathologic analysis. Clinical characteristics and operative outcomes were recorded and analyzed with Chi-squared analyses or univariate regression. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of location and rupture.

RESULTS

Dermoids frequently occurred unilaterally and were more frequently described as mobile (61.5%), followed by fixed (30.8%), and partially fixed (7.7%). Dermoid rigidity was most commonly described as firm (75.5%), followed by cystic, soft, and rubbery. The most common dermoid location was superotemporal (60.4%). On Chi-squared analysis, superotemporal lesions were less likely to have orbital extension than non-superotemporal lesions (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.70, p = .01), less likely to undergo CT (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.41, p < .01) or MRI (OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.41, p < .01), more likely to be described as mobile (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.32-6.43, p = .01), and less likely to rupture intraoperatively (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.73, p = .01). No variables were associated with rupture in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION

Superotemporal dermoid cysts are common in the pediatric population, less likely to have orbital extension, undergo imaging, and have intraoperative rupture when compared to other locations in the orbit.

Clinical, Imaging and Histopathology of Angioleiomyoma of the Buccal Cheek

Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasia originating from vascular smooth muscle and very uncommon in the oral cavity. In this report, we present a rare case of angioleiomyoma in oral cavity in a 46-year-old female buccal cheek and discuss the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics. As the treatment of choice is the complete excision, the lesion was excised under local anesthesia with no further complications. In addition, a brief update on other reported cases of angiomyoma in the oral cavity is further discussed.

Cutaneous ultrasound and its utility in Pediatric Dermatology: Part II-Developmental anomalies and vascular lesions

High-frequency ultrasonography represents a promising tool for pediatric dermatologists. It is a noninvasive and harmless diagnostic technique that is especially appealing when working with children. It can be easily performed at the patient's bedside, avoiding diagnostic delays, sedation, or multiple visits. It represents a useful adjunct to clinical examination and aids our understanding of cutaneous pathology. In this second part, we describe the ultrasonographic findings of developmental anomalies and vascular lesions.